Landscape construction parameter design method based on garden terrain microclimate simulation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garden landscape design, in particular to a landscape construction parameter design method based on garden terrain microclimate simulation, which comprises the following steps: step 1, based on garden terrain height difference data analysis, obtaining a preliminary design scheme of plant community distribution to adjust temperature stratification; 2, calculating a local illumination intensity adjustment value according to the surface material reflectivity for optimizing the heat island effect; 3, generating a comprehensive regulation and control strategy in combination with the preliminary design scheme and the illumination intensity adjustment value; 4, final landscape construction parameters are determined based on the comprehensive regulation and control strategy to achieve microclimate balance optimizing.According to the method, plant community distribution can be regulated and controlled based on the terrain height difference, the illumination intensity can be regulated and controlled according to the earth surface material reflectivity, the microclimate temperature can be balanced, the heat island effect can be relieved, then microclimate is improved, ecological benefits are improved, resources are saved, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And the garden landscape can be beautified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of garden landscape design, and in particular to a method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, people's demand for urban garden landscapes is no longer limited to aesthetics, but also focuses on its ecological function and comfort. Garden microclimate is a key factor affecting the quality of garden space, directly related to the user experience and the health of the garden ecosystem. In garden microclimate, uneven temperature stratification and the heat island effect are two important issues that need to be addressed urgently. Among them, there is the problem of uneven temperature stratification. Garden terrain often has height differences, and the temperature conditions in different altitude areas vary significantly. At higher altitudes, heat dissipates quickly at night and the temperature is lower; while in low-lying areas, air circulation is poor, heat is easily accumulated, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. This phenomenon of uneven temperature stratification seriously affects the growth and distribution of plants. For example, in some mountain parks, due to the temperature stratification problem, cold-resistant plants and thermophilic plants are difficult to coexist harmoniously in the same area, resulting in a single plant community structure and poor ecosystem stability. Traditional plant community distribution planning is mostly based on experience and the basic habits of plants, and does not fully consider the microclimate temperature changes caused by the terrain height difference. This makes problems such as poor plant growth and poor landscape effects frequent in actual garden construction; And the problem of heat island effect. In urban garden landscapes, there are many kinds of surface materials, including hard pavements such as concrete, stone, asphalt, and soft coverings such as lawns and vegetation. Different surface materials have different reflectivities, and their absorption and reflection of solar radiation vary. Hard pavement materials usually have low reflectivity and absorb a large amount of solar radiation heat, causing the temperature in local areas to rise, forming a heat island effect. The heat island effect not only reduces the comfort of the garden space, but also affects the living environment of animals and plants, and increases energy consumption for cooling. At present, the research on the regulation of local light intensity and heat island effect by the reflectivity of surface materials is still incomplete. When most landscape designs choose surface materials, they mainly consider aesthetics and durability, and ignore the impact of material reflectivity on microclimate. Even if some designs take this factor into consideration, there is a lack of systematic quantitative analysis and effective control measures.

[0003] Therefore, a landscape construction parameter design method is needed to solve the above problems by comprehensively considering the height difference of garden terrain and the reflectivity of surface materials, and scientifically regulating the distribution of plant communities and local light intensity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems raised by the above background technology, the present application provides a landscape construction parameter design method based on garden terrain microclimate simulation, which adopts the following technical solutions: A landscape construction parameter design method based on garden terrain microclimate simulation, comprising: Step 1: Based on the analysis of garden terrain height difference data, a preliminary design plan for plant community distribution was obtained to adjust temperature stratification; Step 2: Calculate the local light intensity adjustment value based on the surface material reflectivity to optimize the heat island effect; Step 3: Combining the preliminary design scheme with the light intensity adjustment value to generate a comprehensive control strategy; Step 4: Based on the comprehensive control strategy, determine the final landscape construction parameters to achieve microclimate balance optimization.

[0005] Preferably, the plant distribution density is adjusted based on the garden terrain height difference data analysis; The temperature correction value in the target area is calculated using the following formula: ΔT = γ × ΔH, where ΔH is the height difference and γ is the temperature height attenuation coefficient; Determine the areas where high-temperature tolerant plants need to be planted, and select plant species based on the temperature correction value ΔT and the plant's adaptability range; The final selected plant distribution data are incorporated into the comprehensive control strategy to further improve the temperature stratification problem in the microclimate. Where ΔH is the elevation difference between the target point and the reference point.

[0006] Preferably, a corresponding relationship of the slope area ratio S is obtained based on the height difference data analysis, and is used to evaluate the potential heat source; Set the initial surface reflectance , and based on the slope φ, the actual reflectivity is calculated as λ= +sin(φ), where φ is the slope angle; Adjust the regional light intensity prediction model according to the illumination duration and the above reflectivity, and output the estimated heat contribution value δ; The heat contribution value δ is integrated into the preliminary design scheme to optimize the microclimate environment and reduce the impact of the heat island effect.

[0007] Preferably, the local solar radiation factor of the slope is calculated using the elevation model: , where S is the horizontal projection distance and α is the vegetation coverage weight; Based on the formula results, select tree species with significant shading effects and determine the corresponding planting spacing for these tree species. ; Incorporate selected tree species into the light intensity adjustment plan, where the planting location is negatively correlated with the duration of direct sunlight; Finally, combined with the light prediction and slope conditions, specific layout suggestions are generated to improve the landscape ecological benefits.

[0008] Preferably, a calibration mechanism is introduced after calculating the actual surface reflectivity based on the slope φ , δR: correction amount, δI is the initial incident light intensity increment, φ m is the neutral reference slope angle; If φ exceeds the preset upper limit φ m , then directly use the limit reflectivity threshold R a ; Otherwise, the surface reflectance obtained by the original algorithm rule is used; Re-evaluate the ground heat accumulation status based on the actual reflectivity before and after calibration to generate an improved local illumination prediction matrix G(i, j); The matrix is ​​applied to the comprehensive control strategy to make the design better adapt to the temperature fluctuation and heat load management needs under extreme conditions.

[0009] Preferably, when it is determined that the temperature gradient of a certain height section is too large, the partition strategy Q(i) is activated and the set rules are followed. Perform thermosphere segmentation; If the calculation finds that the average temperature difference of any adjacent partitions in the current altitude range exceeds the set limit, the altitude bands will be further divided into finer zones. ; The plant community design parameters after multi-level height zoning are integrated with the global optimization index system for verification, feedback and adjustment; finally, detailed construction details documents are generated to ensure the operability and accuracy of the plan.

[0010] Optimally, a new height adjustment algorithm for water body influence is added , are the water convection gain coefficient and the retention constant respectively; Adjust the terrain model based on the presence of water features in the horticultural land; re-mark important control points for special geographical areas such as wetlands or waterfronts; Update the overall light intensity model to include additional correction items, and ensure that all boundary points meet the established standards before outputting the complete design results; Ensure that the micro-environmental regulation functions around the water bodies are fully integrated into the final plan to meet biodiversity needs while also reducing the risk of local overheating.

[0011] Preferably, define the new vegetation canopy shadow length on the slope ; ,here represents the crown radius and θ refers to the solar zenith angle; Analyze the time distribution pattern of the shadow length to identify the key cooling period ; Based on this, a dynamic shielding plan is developed to reduce energy input during peak periods; At the same time, the changing pattern of the effective reflectance ε of the ground surface under shade in different time periods is evaluated, and then the logic chain of light intensity adjustment in the entire diurnal cycle is refined; Finally, a flexible and stable microclimate management system is formed by combining dynamic control strategies with fixed structural parameters to guide the actual construction process.

[0012] Preferably, a continuous slope stability evaluation module is introduced for complex undulating terrain: , μ is the soil adhesion factor, j is the enumerated coordinates of all height slices, and β is the inclination angle of the tangent plane; If the calculation results show that there are areas with potential erosion threats, the priority is to adjust the plant configuration so that it has strong soil consolidation and slope protection functions while also taking into account the sunshade properties; The enhanced vegetation coverage is used to re-estimate the light scattering effect and iteratively improve the original plan through a feedback loop; All revised construction parameters are compiled into a book to provide detailed guidance to the executors to ensure that the construction quality achieves the expected results.

[0013] Preferably, a sensitivity coefficient ksi is defined for a specific plant growth characteristic to quantify the temperature regulation potential , is the minimum and maximum photosynthesis amount, To represents the suitable temperature, and Tp is the measured value; By monitoring the status of key species, we can dynamically assess the real-time temperature effects on community structure and synchronize them with the design adjustment process; For those areas with ksi>1, the level of concern should be raised and artificial irrigation or spraying equipment should be added as auxiliary control measures to maintain ecological balance; Once the final adjusted set of complete parameter lists is submitted for review and approval, it can be put into use and officially enter the landscape project implementation stage.

[0014] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: The disclosed embodiments provide a method for designing landscape construction parameters based on microclimate simulation of garden terrain, which can regulate the distribution of plant communities based on the height difference of garden terrain, accurately calculate temperature correction values, reasonably adjust plant distribution density and species, solve the problem of uneven temperature stratification in the microclimate, and create a microenvironment with uniform temperature; regulate local light intensity based on the reflectivity of surface materials, accurately calculate actual reflectivity and heat contribution value, effectively formulate light regulation strategies, and alleviate the heat island effect in landscape areas. The combined effect of the two can improve the microclimate, enhance human comfort, and reduce the adverse effects of extreme temperatures on health; increase biodiversity, enhance ecosystem stability; reduce dependence on artificial cooling and heating equipment, and save resources; and enrich landscape layers and visual effects to create a garden space that is both aesthetically pleasing and functional. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Flowchart of the method for designing construction parameters. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Throughout this specification, reference to the terms "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0018] The embodiment of the present application discloses a landscape construction parameter design method based on garden terrain microclimate simulation. Referring to the accompanying drawings, the present invention describes a landscape construction parameter design method based on garden terrain microclimate simulation, the specific steps covered and their implementation methods. The design method is based on the analysis of garden terrain height difference data, and solves the temperature stratification and heat island effect problems in the microclimate by generating a preliminary plant community distribution plan and local light intensity control values; the following are detailed steps and implementation details.

[0019] In the first step, a preliminary design scheme for plant community distribution was obtained based on the analysis of garden terrain height difference data to adjust temperature stratification.

[0020] Specifically, a digital elevation model (DEM) is first used to obtain elevation data for the garden area. Terrain modeling tools are then used to generate a visual map of the terrain's height distribution. The garden is then divided into several smaller areas based on terrain height, and temperature patterns in each area are analyzed. For example, higher areas may experience low nighttime temperatures, so cold-tolerant shrubs can be planted for cover. Lower areas, on the other hand, may experience significant temperature fluctuations due to high humidity. Hygroscopic broadleaf or evergreen trees can be planted to balance temperature and humidity. By selecting and arranging these plant species, a balanced distribution of vegetation at different elevation levels is ensured, thereby regulating the overall microclimate. Furthermore, to better meet practical needs, the aesthetic value of the gardening should be considered during the initial planning phase, ensuring a balance between ecological benefits and visual appeal.

[0021] The second step is to calculate the local light intensity adjustment value based on the reflectivity of the surface material to optimize the heat island effect problem in the landscape area. Here, physical simulation technology is mainly relied on to evaluate the absorption rate and reflective performance of the ground material for solar radiation. In one embodiment, a variety of typical ground materials such as concrete, stone or lawn can be selected as research objects, and their surface albedo coefficients can be obtained through laboratory measurements and input into a specially developed microclimate simulation program. The system will simulate the energy exchange conditions under the direct angle of the sun according to a specific time period and output the actual surface light intensity value of each area. If it is found that a certain area has excessive heat accumulation due to its high reflective characteristics to form a heat island, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the paving structure, such as adding a certain proportion of permeable bricks instead of conventional hardened paving. At the same time, combined with the shadow shielding principle of green vegetation, the crown projection area is increased at the high temperature focus position, and finally a suitable climate environment suitable for human activities is formed.

[0022] Subsequently, building on the results of the first two steps, a comprehensive control strategy is developed, combining the preliminary design plan with the light intensity adjustment value. This requires integrating the plant distribution plan with the control of material reflectivity. For example, when a low-lying area has both steep terrain and large areas of dark-toned flooring, a special design of dense herbaceous vegetation combined with light-colored gravel is necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of these conditions. The comprehensive control objectives should meet a multi-dimensional indicator system, including a comfort index evaluation system and the maintenance of ecological diversity, and should be continuously iterated and verified until the ideal state is achieved.

[0023] The final step is to confirm the final authoritative list of landscape construction operation parameters based on the aforementioned comprehensive coordination strategy. This list contains detailed parameter specifications for every detail, from planting spacing to material selection specifications, for construction units to refer to and implement. Specifically, the tree spacing should accurately match the distance feedback from wind flow simulation tests. All new processes or new materials used must also clearly provide performance requirements and instructions for use. For example, in the case of a newly built urban suburban leisure park, the above four-step process successfully created an ideal outdoor activity space that effectively disperses crowds and greatly improves air freshness. This not only solved the problem of extremely hot and stuffy summers that was originally expected, but also made the distinct characteristics of the four seasons more prominent, showing a rich color transition effect that won wide acclaim.

[0024] Next, the present invention first analyzes the plant distribution density adjustment ratio α based on the garden terrain height difference data. This step aims to quantify the specific impact of plant layout at different heights on the microclimate. Through analysis, a reasonable and optimized plant density parameter adjustment value is obtained to adapt to the needs of terrain changes. Then, the temperature correction value in the target area is calculated using the formula ΔT=γ×ΔH. The purpose of this formula is to convert the terrain height difference data into the corresponding temperature gradient value, where ΔH is the elevation difference between the target point and the reference point (the measurable range is a few meters to several hundred meters), and γ is the temperature height attenuation coefficient, with a value between 0.005 and 0.01 degrees Celsius / meter being optimal. This range ensures that the temperature differences caused by the terrain can be accurately captured.

[0025] Then, we identify specific areas where high-temperature-resistant plants need to be planted. We combine the previously obtained temperature correction value ΔT and the applicable range of ambient temperature for specific plant species to accurately match and select them. Finally, we integrate all the plant distribution-related parameters obtained from the above screening into the overall control plan to optimize the local microclimate change effect, especially to solve prominent problems such as thermal stratification caused by elevation.

[0026] Specifically, in one embodiment, there are two adjacent locations A and B in a certain garden project. A is located at a higher altitude of 20 meters, while B is a flat area set at 0 altitude as a reference. After testing, the ΔH between the two locations is exactly equal to 20 meters. If the standard value of the temperature height attenuation coefficient γ=0.006℃ / meter is selected, then the formula can be calculated as ΔT=0.12℃, which means that compared with the reference point, the temperature at point A, which is 20 meters higher, is theoretically 0.12°C lower. If certain plants with a specific temperature tolerance range are preset during design, such as cactus-type plants that can tolerate 38°C to 45°C, then plants suitable for planting in zone B, where the high temperature risk is slightly higher, can be selected accordingly, and cacti and other heat-resistant varieties can be added to the final adjusted plant list. In addition, this information will be integrated into a broader microclimate improvement planning process to ensure that the heat balance in various areas within the entire landscape is well managed.

[0027] Next, the present invention first clarifies several key steps and explains their meaning and application in actual garden terrain: The first step is to analyze height difference data to determine the potential relationship between slope area and heat sources. Specifically, by measuring the height difference at different locations within the garden, the proportion S of the total slope area to the total terrain is calculated. This ratio is then used to analyze the area for possible heat accumulation points or potential heat sources. Generally, higher S values ​​indicate a greater potential for heat contribution, necessitating more refined design adjustments to improve ambient temperature distribution.

[0028] The second step is to set the initial surface reflectivity , and calculate the corrected actual reflectivity λ in combination with the slope φ, where It refers to the ratio of solar radiation energy reflected on a flat surface to the incident radiation, and varies in the range of 0 to 1 by default. Considering that the terrain in actual gardens usually contains ups and downs, the slope factor φ is introduced to dynamically calibrate the reflectance value. The formula is λ= +sin(φ), where the slope angle φ ranges from 0° to 90°. When the slope is too steep (close to a right angle), the reflectivity increases significantly; while flat areas have a lower gain effect. This formula is designed to reflect the changing pattern of sunlight reception on sloping surfaces relative to the horizontal surface.

[0029] The third step is to establish a regional model that can predict light intensity based on the acquired light duration and reflectivity λ, and ultimately estimate the heat contribution value δ. This model integrates the time dimension (the cumulative number of sunshine hours throughout the year, the transition zone between morning and evening shadows, and other factors) with terrain characteristics, and uses the aforementioned adjusted data to generate a more scientific and reasonable evaluation system output expected value δ. This value directly reflects the amount of additional heat generated by sunlight and surface properties at a unit location within the garden, and plays a key role in accurately controlling heat changes in the microenvironment. For example, in one embodiment, at a certain mountain greening project site, the above method determined that the southwest area in the afternoon had a significantly higher-than-average heat load estimate due to long-term exposure to the sun and high surface material reflectivity. This indicates that special attention should be paid to the layout of heat-dissipating vegetation or the introduction of more obstructions to reduce the overall temperature rise. The fourth step is to synthesize all the heat contribution information δ obtained above and integrate it into the initial project design plan. The goal is to effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect by implementing targeted improvement measures in key areas (such as selecting materials with poor heat absorption but fast heat conduction, optimizing tree cover structures, and installing water features to assist in cooling). Specifically, if the previous example shows a risk of excessively high temperatures on the southwest side, further development of the plan may recommend increasing the tree and shrub planting layer and incorporating small artificial fountains to achieve a temperature-regulating effect.

[0030] From the above, we can see that each link is closely linked to the final landscape effect and ecological benefits.

[0031] Next, the method according to claim 2 of the present invention includes four key steps: First, calculate the local solar radiation factor formula of the slope through the elevation model: , where S represents the horizontal projection distance, typically ranging from 0 to infinity; α is the vegetation coverage weight, ranging from 0 to 1, with the optimal value set between 0.6 and 0.8 depending on the specific garden situation; the core goal of this formula is to comprehensively reflect the mutual influence between slope topography and vegetation, quantify the dynamic characteristics of solar radiation under complex terrain conditions, and determine the location areas with significant shading effects in a more refined manner. For example, when analyzing specific points on a slope, it was found that when α was set to 0.7 and the coverage reached a moderate level, the intensity of the shadow effect at that location could be effectively simulated; Second, select tree species with excellent shading effect based on the calculation results of the above formula, and clarify the planting spacing rules, i.e. Here, βP considers the impact of the plant's own ecological characteristics on light absorption, and is typically set between 1 and 2. The optimal value, 1.5, balances aesthetics and shading. Cos(Slope) takes into account the slope's inclination angle, correcting for the actual shrinkage of illuminated area as the slope angle increases. In one embodiment, if the slope angle is approximately 30°, or a slope of 0.75, the ideal broadleaf tree species A is calculated to be suitable for planting at approximately 3-meter intervals. Third, determine the specific planting locations for tree species so that they avoid prolonged direct sunlight as much as possible, forming a negative correlation with direct sunlight. This means that planting strategies need to be optimized based on different times of the day and seasonal trends to ensure a more ideal overall microclimate regulation. For example, during a certain summer morning period, for east-facing slopes, the number of trees arranged in the southeast should be reduced to avoid prematurely blocking the cool sea breeze or moist air from the riverbank from entering the forest floor, thereby maintaining a more comfortable microclimate. The final step involves adjusting the overall design plan based on information about expected sunlight duration and intensity, as well as the slope characteristics. This ultimately results in a detailed and feasible layout proposal to improve the park's ecological efficiency. Specifically, a case study of a site on the back slope of a mountain ridge suggests prioritizing tree structures that enhance nighttime heat storage while minimizing radiation exposure during the midday heatwave, thereby maximizing carbon sequestration throughout the year.

[0032] Next, the present invention first decomposes the steps according to the method mentioned in the claims and clarifies the operation content and functional significance of each stage: The first step is to calculate the actual surface reflectance based on the slope φ and introduce a calibration mechanism: In this step, the correction amount is obtained by calculating the proportional relationship between the slope and the neutral reference slope angle and multiplying it by the initial incident light intensity increment, thereby adjusting the effect of the surface tilt on the reflectivity. Here, φ represents the actual slope, φ m is a predefined neutral reference slope angle, typically between 5° and 15°, with the specific value selected based on the terrain design. δI is the rate of change of initial incident light intensity, typically between 0.1 and 0.3 W / m², with the optimal value determined by the intensity of the light source. This formula uses a linear function to represent the difference in energy received due to surface tilt, aiming to provide a more accurate calculation that aligns with actual conditions.

[0033] The second step is to determine if the slope φ is greater than the preset upper limit φ m , then directly apply the limiting reflectivity R a ,φ m The definition of is determined by the environmental conditions and is generally between 40° and 60°, while the limiting reflectivity R a It is determined based on the surface reflection characteristics under the most unfavorable conditions and fluctuates between 0.2 and 0.6. This judgment logic is used to avoid the unreasonable prediction of complex nonlinear reflectivity problems caused by excessive tilt, while simplifying the evaluation process of extreme conditions.

[0034] The third step is to re-evaluate ground heat accumulation using the calibrated actual reflectance obtained in the previous step, creating an improved local illumination prediction matrix G(i, j). This matrix integrates the positional and directional characteristics of different parts of the ground surface to provide a spatial analysis of heat distribution, enabling the precise planning of microclimate control measures in the subsequent landscape design.

[0035] In one embodiment, for a park landscaping design, if the selected area has multiple irregularly undulating surfaces, this method can be used to refine the heat load information management for each point. For example, when the slope angle φ of a plot of land reaches or exceeds a predetermined upper limit, the aforementioned fixed upper limit is used instead of the variable estimation. Otherwise, the original model rules are used to continue to calculate the parameter adjustment values ​​under normal circumstances, ultimately forming a complete thermal map for reference.

[0036] The fourth step involves using the aforementioned illumination prediction matrix to construct a comprehensive control strategy, achieving temperature stability and improving overall heat dissipation efficiency under specific conditions. This approach allows the design to adapt to a wider range of external natural conditions, ensuring optimal long-term operation while maintaining aesthetics and functionality.

[0037] Next, the present invention first lists the specific steps, and then explains the meaning of each step and provides examples.

[0038] Step 1: When it is determined that the temperature gradient in a certain height section is too large, the partitioning strategy Q(i) is activated. This means that the microclimate data in the garden terrain is collected and analyzed. When it is found that the temperature change exceeds the preset threshold, the detailed analysis strategy of the corresponding height area is triggered.

[0039] Step 2: Involves following set rules Perform temperature segmentation.

[0040] Step 3: Check if there is any adjacent zone with an average temperature difference exceeding the set limit within the current altitude range; if so, divide it into smaller altitude zones more finely .

[0041] Step 4: The plant community design parameters for the multi-level height zoning were integrated and verified with the global optimization index system, and necessary adjustments were made based on feedback. The final step was to generate complete construction detail documentation based on the finalized design parameters after adjustments to ensure the practical feasibility of the plan.

[0042] Specifically, in the first step, when monitoring or simulation data show a large temperature anomaly in a given area, a zoning scheme with predefined response measures for this special situation is immediately activated, the so-called Q(i) strategy. This ensures that local problems can be thoroughly studied and appropriate solutions found.

[0043] formula It is used to calculate the expected allowable temperature deviation range in each partition, where Tdiff(i) represents the maximum allowable temperature difference in partition i, and is the reference temperature difference, and k is an adjustment proportional factor. Refers to the absolute altitude of the corresponding zone. This formula uses an exponential relationship to set the appropriate temperature difference between different locations because the air becomes thinner and the temperature gradually decreases as the terrain rises. This setting ensures reasonable and natural state transitions at each altitude level, enhancing adaptability and accuracy.

[0044] In order to further refine the management, an additional condition is set: if the temperature difference between two adjacent areas within the height categories established in the previous stage still exceeds the standard, these areas will be broken down into more detailed small-level units. , thereby achieving higher accuracy and coverage. This iterative segmentation process not only better captures potential hidden sources of problems in complex environments but also provides a flexible and effective solution path.

[0045] Then, after completing all the divisions, the results of the height zoning at each level must be integrated and matched with the overall assessment framework for review and confirmation before the final result is formed - a set of detailed and accurate written material lists that can be directly used to guide the implementation of operational tasks, that is, the construction detail document set. These records contain all the necessary technical specifications and other important notes to assist the executors in accurately following the specifications, implementing each link action to achieve the expected goals, and preparing to enter the next cycle of operation.

[0046] In one embodiment, the above process is specifically demonstrated using the design of a mountain park as an example. Initially, various measuring devices are deployed throughout the entire mountain to monitor meteorological information. Once a significant temperature change is found at the upper part of a slope, a specific Q(i) policy is immediately activated to investigate the underlying cause. Subsequently, the above-mentioned formula is used to establish a reasonable range of allowable temperature fluctuations, and different ecological adaptation zones are distinguished according to this principle. If, after this step, it is found that some local areas still do not meet the unified balance standards, additional detailed analysis is required to divide them into more precise areas. Special attention is paid to shorter and narrower strips. Finally, the qualified versions remaining after several rounds of optimization and screening are systematically tested, compared and corrected with the overall consideration indicators of the entire project until the best match is achieved. A complete operation manual is compiled to facilitate the actual construction work links to successfully complete the deployment and operation goals of the entire construction project.

[0047] Next, the method of the present invention includes several steps: adding a height adjustment algorithm for water body influence and applying it to the terrain model, adjusting important control points based on the presence of water features, adding additional correction terms to the overall light intensity model to optimize the microclimate design, and taking all boundary conditions into account to generate a final solution that meets biodiversity requirements and reduces the risk of overheating.

[0048] First, define the formula for height adjustment , where the parameters , They represent the water convection gain coefficient and retention constant respectively. The numerical range of these coefficients is generally set to ∈[0.5, 2] and ∈[1, 5] to reflect the influence of different water body characteristics. The optimal value of this formula depends on the specific garden conditions. The formula describes the impact of terrain height caused by distance changes in the water body, so that the terrain height can be accurately adjusted in areas near the edge of the water body or wetlands. This algorithm can more accurately simulate local environmental changes caused by water flow and evaporation.

[0049] Secondly, the garden terrain model is adjusted based on the determination of whether it contains water features. If there are areas such as lakes, wetlands, or riverbanks, key points on the terrain need to be re-annotated. This process ensures that microclimate characteristics around water bodies are taken into account, such as humidity diffusion or temperature fluctuations. For example, in one embodiment, a garden design includes an artificial stream and surrounding low-lying wetland areas. The landscape effect is optimized by fine-tuning the positions of relevant points.

[0050] Subsequently, new additional correction items were introduced to improve the lighting model, making the light intensity calculation more in line with the needs of real-world scenarios. After the update, it was necessary to verify one by one whether all boundary points met the specified standards. This step ensured the design accuracy of each link and avoided possible error accumulation. Specifically, in another example, after adopting the new algorithm, an urban green space project found that the lighting distribution was more reasonable, effectively reducing the high temperature time in some areas during summer.

[0051] Finally, the design output is completed while ensuring that the design plan complies with biodiversity support and overheating prevention. For example, a large wetland reserve successfully restored the number of bird species and achieved long-term sustainable ecological management goals after using this design method. These measures not only improved the functional quality of the park, but also enhanced its visual appeal and practicality.

[0052] Next, the present invention first defines the formula for the shadow length of the vegetation canopy on the slope: ,in represents the canopy radius, typically ranging from 0.5 to 5 meters, depending on the tree species; θ represents the solar zenith angle, ranging from 0 to π / 2 radians. This formula calculates the length of shadows cast by vegetation at different sun positions. Based on the principles of geometric optics and terrain characteristics, the formula aims to accurately describe how trees cast shadows over time and space, affecting the surrounding area.

[0053] Analyze the above shadow length distribution pattern over time to identify the key cooling time period This step uses statistical analysis to determine which time periods within a day or season receive the most sunlight, so cooling measures need to be taken. For example, between noon and 2 p.m. on a certain summer day, the energy received by the surface reaches its peak, which is Time periods are determined to serve as target moments for dynamic regulation.

[0054] Develop dynamic shading strategies to reduce energy input during peak periods. Specifically, based on the peak hours identified in the previous step, design active barriers, such as movable sunshades or physical devices like tree layout adjustments, to reduce excessive direct solar energy flux. In one embodiment, retractable wooden awnings were deployed around open areas during the critical hours between 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM, complemented by a cluster of large-leaf trees arranged in the same direction to achieve a synergistic effect.

[0055] Evaluate the temporal variation of the effective reflectance (varepsilon) of the ground surface and refine the logic chain for adjusting light intensity. This process examines the differences in the ground's response to radiation due to changes in shade, such as the temperature gradient that causes reflectance changes between wet and dry soil surfaces. This empirical evidence establishes the data needed to optimize light flux configuration at different stages, supporting a precise methodology for implementing environmental condition balancing strategies within the daily cycle.

[0056] Finally, the fixed structural parameters are integrated with the aforementioned phased results to create a flexible and reliable microclimate management system to guide the actual construction process and execute the actual work steps. For example, the final design might include a complete solution combining a pre-set static pavilion structure with an intelligent real-time tracking system, which will be applied to a public garden construction project for demonstration and promotion, verifying the correctness of the overall technical approach and evaluating the adaptability of the results.

[0057] Next, the specific steps of the landscape construction parameter design method based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 7 of the present invention are as follows: First, the continuous slope stability evaluation module is introduced and the formula is used Calculate, where represents the slope stability assessment index; is the soil adhesion factor, typically ranging from 0 to 1, indicating the degree of soil cohesion; its optimal value depends on the specific soil composition. h(j) enumerates the soil thickness at all altitude slice coordinates, representing the local terrain height variation. β is the tangent plane inclination angle, reflecting the variation in local slope inclination. This formula aims to quantify the locations of potential landslide or erosion risks in complex, undulating terrain. By comprehensively analyzing the stability index of each small area, it is possible to identify areas requiring priority treatment.

[0058] Second, if the calculation results indicate areas of potential erosion threat, prioritize adjusting plant configurations to enhance soil consolidation and slope protection. This approach considers selecting plant types with deep root systems and high biomass accumulation. For example, in humid, rainy areas, mixed communities of shrubs and trees can be prioritized to enhance soil erosion resistance. Furthermore, considering sunshade properties is an important means of maintaining regional ecosystem diversity and improving the microclimate.

[0059] Third, we re-estimated the light scattering effect using the enhanced vegetation coverage, and iteratively improved the original plan using a feedback loop. Vegetation coverage significantly regulates sunlight transmittance and temperature. We dynamically adjusted the plant species layout and continuously optimized design parameters based on field monitoring data. During this process, each update cycle used previous results as input to further refine the plan details, ensuring that the final results met the established goals.

[0060] Fourth, all revised construction parameters will be compiled into manuals and provided to the executing parties to ensure that the construction quality meets the expected results. These manuals will not only include specific technical specifications but also emergency response guidance, facilitating rapid and accurate implementation by construction units.

[0061] In one example, a landscape project involved mountainous landscaping. Preliminary surveys revealed soft soil and a lack of vegetation on the steep northern slope. Based on the aforementioned formula, this area's stability score was low, potentially posing a potential risk. Consequently, the project decided to add a large number of deep-rooted plants, such as Pinus massoniana, and locally suitable climbing grasses. Furthermore, the spacing of trees in other open areas was optimized to enhance shading and reduce surface evaporation. After several iterations and adjustments until the overall system reached equilibrium, a detailed construction manual was formally compiled and submitted to the responsible team for implementation, ultimately achieving the desired microclimate regulation.

[0062] Next, the present invention first defines the sensitivity coefficient ksi for specific plant growth characteristics to quantify the temperature regulation potential. The formula is ,in Represent the minimum and maximum photosynthesis amounts, respectively, indicating the survival potential of plants under extreme temperatures; To refers to the suitable temperature in the ideal growth temperature range of plants, reflecting the optimal conditions for plant growth; Tp is the actual temperature measurement value monitored in real time; n is an exponential factor that characterizes the tolerance of plants to temperature changes. The purpose of setting this formula is to comprehensively consider the photosynthetic capacity of plants and the range of changes in the ambient temperature, and to determine their adaptability and regulation needs for different regions through numerical values. Areas with a sensitivity coefficient greater than 1 indicate that more attention and adjustment measures are needed. For example, if a certain tree species is in =5%, =95%, To=25°C, Tp=28°C, n=2*, the corresponding ksi value can be calculated.

[0063] Secondly, the status of key species in the landscape community and the impact of temperature on the overall structure are dynamically assessed. This step involves using sensor technology and other means to collect real-time data on vegetation health (such as photosynthesis levels). Software analysis of the results can then be used to further optimize relevant control parameters involved in the design. For example, if a key shrub species is found to be degrading due to long-term high surface temperatures, the data can be used to replan planting density or select ground cover types more suitable for hot areas.

[0064] In addition, for areas with a sensitivity coefficient greater than 1 (ksi>1), additional measures are implemented to maintain ecological stability, typically through increased irrigation or spraying as auxiliary control methods. In one example, a garden area with a steep slope had grass growth restricted due to direct sunlight. Calculations determined that this grass was located in a highly sensitive area. Therefore, an intelligent water mist system was deployed to provide scheduled watering for cooling and moisturizing, ensuring the continued healthy development of the ecosystem in the area until all optimization operations were completed before construction was completed.

[0065] Ultimately, a comprehensive and iteratively refined set of parameters is submitted to the relevant authorities for review and approval before actual project preparations can commence. These parameters should include, but are not limited to, plant species, layout diagrams, and the location of microclimate intervention equipment. All of these parameters must be accurate and effective to ensure that the subsequent garden construction will proceed as planned. Specifically, a case plan detailing the achievements of each of these steps is submitted to the client for review, and then the construction cycle officially begins.

[0066] Next, the present invention first improves and supplements the previous assumptions based on the actual site survey data, specifically setting the deviation compensation item In this step, It is a weather sensitivity factor used to quantify the impact of external weather fluctuations on the measured data. The value is usually between 0.8 and 1.2. The optimal value is obtained based on the analysis of historical meteorological data and is usually set to 1.0. Represents the temperature value read by the sensor, reflecting the real-time changes in the field microclimate environment. The range depends on the terrain and climate zone. For example, in a garden, the highest temperature can reach 35°C in summer and the lowest temperature can reach about -5°C in winter. Represents the average atmospheric temperature for a region, providing a benchmark for comparison. Its range is tied to the statistical results of regional weather stations. The formula reflects the degree of match between the two values ​​using the absolute value of the difference, and adjusts the error weight using a weather sensitivity factor. This formula is designed to eliminate the effects of device measurement deviation and external disturbances.

[0067] Then, combine the new parameters obtained by the above calculation Participate in the height difference correction process to minimize the error and approach the ideal solution state. This correction step targets the temperature difference at different garden terrain heights. This formula is applied to highly correlated models. For example, in a sloped project, this formula was used to adjust the estimated thermal conductivity between the base and top of the mountain. Specifically, the temperature distribution data measured by sensors on the slope was substituted into the revised model for recalibration, thereby improving the consistency and rationality of the final design output.

[0068] Finally, the primary reference data sources and their credibility are clearly identified for each step of the process to ensure the reliability of the information source and facilitate review and accountability tracking. In one embodiment, field-measured data is marked as core reference (high confidence), while historical meteorological station records serve as secondary support (medium confidence). Corresponding timestamps are recorded to facilitate tracing of problematic nodes. This completes the deployment of technical support throughout the entire lifecycle, from basic modeling to specific practical applications, ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the overall solution.

[0069] The present invention provides a method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation. The method includes: first, collecting and analyzing elevation data of the garden terrain to study the microclimate conditions of areas at different elevations, and deriving a suitable plant community distribution plan based on this data. The method aims to alleviate the temperature stratification problem caused by terrain elevation differences by adjusting plant layout. For example, plants that prefer sunlight or have high heat dissipation requirements are distributed in higher or sunny areas, while plants that tolerate shade or have low heat dissipation requirements are placed in lower, more shaded areas, thus forming a reasonable ecological zoning layout. Secondly, by calculating the reflectivity of the surface material (i.e., the ability of different materials to reflect solar radiation), the degree of influence of this reflectivity on the local light intensity is evaluated and determined. Based on the actual reflection value, the selection and laying of surface cover are rationally optimized to reduce the absorption of thermal radiation and reduce the local temperature rise in the region, thereby effectively addressing the problem of the aggravated heat island effect caused by the surface material. At the same time, combined with the preliminary plant community distribution design results obtained from the aforementioned terrain data analysis and the local light adjustment strategy related to reflectivity, a comprehensive microclimate control strategy for the entire project is integrated and generated. Finally, on this basis, the landscape construction technical parameters that meet the microclimate balance requirements are clearly determined and finally determined.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Based on the analysis of garden terrain height difference data, a preliminary design plan for plant community distribution was obtained to adjust temperature stratification; Step 2: Calculate the local light intensity adjustment value based on the surface material reflectivity to optimize the heat island effect; Step 3: Combining the preliminary design scheme with the light intensity adjustment value to generate a comprehensive control strategy; Step 4: Based on the comprehensive control strategy, determine the final landscape construction parameters to achieve microclimate balance optimization.

2. A method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: When analyzing plant distribution based on garden terrain height difference data: Calculate the plant distribution density adjustment ratio α; The temperature correction value within the target area is calculated using the following formula: ΔT = γ × ΔH, where ΔH is the height difference and γ is the temperature height attenuation coefficient. Based on the temperature correction value ΔT and the plant adaptation range, determine the areas and plant species that need to be focused on arranging high-temperature resistant plants; The final selected plant distribution data were incorporated into the comprehensive control strategy to improve the microclimate temperature stratification problem, and ΔH was the elevation difference between the target point and the reference point.

3. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: When evaluating potential heat sources and adjusting light intensity based on height difference data analysis: The corresponding relationship of slope area ratio S is obtained to evaluate potential heat sources; Set the initial surface reflectance , and the actual reflectivity is calculated based on the slope φ: λ= +sin(φ), where φ is the slope angle; According to the illumination duration and the above reflectivity, the regional illumination intensity prediction model is adjusted to output the estimated heat contribution value δ; Integrate the heat contribution value δ into the preliminary design plan to optimize the microclimate environment and reduce the impact of the heat island effect.

4. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: When using elevation models to determine tree planting plans: Calculate local solar radiation factor on slopes , where S is the horizontal projection distance and α is the vegetation coverage weight; Based on the formula results, select tree species with significant shading effects and determine the corresponding planting spacing for these tree species. ; Incorporate selected tree species into the light intensity adjustment plan, where the planting location is negatively correlated with the duration of direct sunlight; Combined with light prediction and slope conditions, specific layout suggestions are generated to improve the ecological benefits of the landscape.

5. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 3, characterized in that: A calibration mechanism is introduced after calculating the actual surface reflectance based on the slope: Using the calibration formula , is the correction amount, δI is the initial incident light intensity increment, φ m is the neutral reference slope angle; If φ exceeds the preset upper limit φ m , then directly use the limit reflectivity threshold R a ; Otherwise, the surface reflectance obtained by the original algorithm rule is used; Combined with the actual reflectivity before and after calibration, the ground heat accumulation condition is re-evaluated to generate an improved local illumination prediction matrix G(i, j); The matrix is ​​applied to the comprehensive control strategy to adapt to the temperature fluctuation and heat load management needs in extreme situations.

6. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 4, characterized in that: When it is determined that the temperature gradient in a certain height section is too large: Startup Partitioning Strategy , and follow the set rules: Perform thermosphere segmentation; If the calculation finds that the average temperature difference of any adjacent partitions in the current altitude range exceeds the set limit, the altitude bands will be further divided into finer zones. ; Integrate the plant community design parameters after multi-level height zoning, and conduct verification feedback adjustment with the global optimization index system; finally, generate detailed construction details documents to ensure the operability and accuracy of the plan.

7. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: When adjusting the terrain model and light intensity model considering the influence of water bodies: Added height adjustment algorithm , are the water convection gain coefficient and the retention constant respectively; Adjust the terrain model based on the presence of water features in the horticultural land and re-mark important control points for special geographical areas such as wetlands or waterfronts; Update the overall light intensity model, add additional correction items, and ensure that all boundary points meet the established standards before outputting the complete design results; Incorporate microenvironmental regulation functions around water bodies into the final plan to meet biodiversity needs and reduce the risk of local overheating.

8. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: When developing a dynamic shading scheme for vegetation canopy shadows on slopes: Defines the length of the vegetation canopy shadow on the slope ; according to , represents the crown radius, θ is the solar zenith angle; Analyze the time distribution pattern of the shadow length and identify the key cooling period ; Develop dynamic shading schemes to reduce energy input during peak periods; Evaluate the changing patterns of effective reflectance ε of the ground surface under shade at different time periods, and refine the logic chain for adjusting light intensity throughout the diurnal cycle; Combining dynamic control strategies with fixed structural parameters, a flexible and stable microclimate management system is formed to guide the actual construction process.

9. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 7, characterized in that: When evaluating slope stability and adjusting plant configuration for complex undulating terrain: Introducing a continuous slope stability evaluation module , μ is the soil adhesion factor, j is the enumerated coordinates of all height slices, and β is the inclination angle of the tangent plane; If the calculation results show that there are areas with potential erosion threats, priority should be given to adjusting the plant configuration so that it has strong soil consolidation and slope protection functions while also taking into account sunshade properties; The light scattering effect is re-estimated using the enhanced vegetation coverage, and the original plan is iteratively improved through a feedback loop. All revised construction parameters are compiled into a book to provide detailed guidance to the executors to ensure that the construction quality achieves the expected results.

10. The method for designing landscape construction parameters based on garden terrain microclimate simulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When adjusting construction parameters for specific plant growth characteristics: Defining the sensitivity coefficient ksi to quantify the temperature regulation potential , is the minimum and maximum photosynthesis amount, To represents the suitable temperature, Tp is the measured value; By monitoring the status of key species, the impact of real-time temperature effects on community structure can be dynamically assessed and synchronized into the design adjustment process; For areas with ksi>1, the level of concern should be raised and auxiliary control measures such as artificial irrigation or spraying equipment should be added appropriately to maintain ecological balance; The final adjusted set of complete parameter list will be submitted for review and, after approval, put into the landscape project implementation phase.

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