System for a rotor including composite material

Abstract

A system for a rotor including a composite material. A system includes a motor including: a stator; and a rotor including: a rotor shaft; a lamination stack, the lamination stack including: a lamination yoke including a recess in an outermost surface of the lamination yoke and a first groove in the outermost surface of the lamination yoke; a lamination shoe in the recess of the lamination yoke, the lamination shoe including a second groove in an outermost surface of the lamination shoe; and one or more first magnets located in the recess of the lamination yoke, each of the one or more first magnets including a first magnet groove, the first groove of the lamination yoke, the second groove of the lamination shoe and the first magnet groove are aligned along the first circumference of the lamination stack as a first lamination stack groove; and one or more carbon rings, the one or more carbon rings being in the first lamination stack recess.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to electric rotors, and more particularly to systems that include composite materials as reinforcements for electric rotors. Background Art

[0002] For example, rotors, such as those used in electric motors, are subject to high centrifugal forces during operation. To maintain the structural integrity of the rotor, some rotors include additional material, such as a larger lamination bridge, on the outside of the rotor. However, the additional material can affect the performance of the motor.

[0003] The present disclosure is directed to overcoming one or more of the challenges set forth above. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system including a motor, the motor including: a stator including one or more windings; and a rotor that rotates relative to the stator based on current in the one or more windings, the rotor including: a rotor shaft; a lamination stack on the rotor shaft, the lamination stack including: a lamination yoke including a recess in an outermost surface of the lamination yoke and a first groove in the outermost surface of the lamination yoke; a lamination shoe in the recess of the lamination yoke, the lamination shoe including the a second groove in the outermost surface of the lamination shoe; and one or more first magnets, the one or more first magnets being in the recess of the lamination yoke and located between the lamination yoke and the lamination shoe, each of the one or more first magnets comprising a first magnet groove, wherein the first groove of the lamination yoke, the second groove of the lamination shoe and the first magnet groove are aligned along a first circumference of the lamination stack as a first lamination stack groove; and one or more carbon rings, the one or more carbon rings being in the first lamination stack groove.

[0005] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, further comprising: one or more second magnets, the one or more second magnets being in the recess of the laminate yoke and located between the laminate yoke and the laminate shoe, each of the one or more second magnets comprising a second magnet groove, wherein the laminate yoke comprises a third groove in the outermost surface of the laminate yoke, and the laminate shoe comprises a fourth groove in the outermost surface of the laminate shoe, and wherein the third groove of the laminate yoke, the fourth groove of the laminate shoe, and the second magnet groove are aligned along a second perimeter of the laminate stack as second laminate stack grooves.

[0006] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system that also includes: one or more carbon rings in the second lamination stack groove.

[0007] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the one or more carbon rings cover from about 15% of an outermost surface of the lamination stack to about 85% of an outermost surface of the lamination stack.

[0008] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system further comprising: one or more carbon tubes extending through the lamination shoe of the lamination stack in a direction parallel to an axial direction of the rotor shaft.

[0009] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the rotor does not include a bridge to stabilize the one or more first magnets in the recess of the laminated yoke.

[0010] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, further comprising: an inverter configured to convert DC power from a battery into AC power to drive the one or more windings of the stator of the motor; and the battery configured to supply the DC power to the inverter, wherein the system is provided as a vehicle, the vehicle comprising the inverter, the battery, and the motor.

[0011] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system comprising a rotor, the rotor comprising: a rotor shaft; a lamination stack on the rotor shaft, the lamination stack comprising: a lamination yoke, the lamination yoke comprising a recess in an outermost surface of the lamination yoke and a first groove in an outermost surface of the lamination yoke; a lamination shoe, the lamination shoe being in the recess of the lamination yoke, the lamination shoe comprising a second groove in an outermost surface of the lamination shoe; and one or more first magnets, the one or more first magnets being in the recess of the lamination yoke and being located between the lamination yoke and the lamination shoe, each of the one or more first magnets comprising a first magnet groove, wherein the first groove of the lamination yoke, the second groove of the lamination shoe, and the first magnet groove are aligned along a first circumference of the lamination stack as a first lamination stack groove; and a first carbon ring, the first carbon ring being in the first lamination stack groove.

[0012] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, wherein the rotor further comprises: one or more second magnets, the one or more second magnets being in the recess of the laminated yoke and located between the laminated yoke and the laminated shoe, each of the one or more second magnets comprising a second magnet groove, wherein the laminated yoke comprises a third groove in the outermost surface of the laminated yoke, and the laminated shoe comprises a fourth groove in the outermost surface of the laminated shoe, and wherein the third groove of the laminated yoke, the fourth groove of the laminated shoe, and the second magnet groove are aligned along a second circumference of the laminated stack as second laminated stack grooves.

[0013] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system where the rotor further includes a second carbon ring in the second lamination stack groove.

[0014] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the first carbon ring covers from about 15% of an outermost surface of the lamination stack to about 85% of an outermost surface of the lamination stack.

[0015] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system where the rotor further comprises carbon tubes extending through the lamination shoes of the lamination stack in a direction parallel to an axial direction of the rotor shaft.

[0016] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the laminate yoke includes a plurality of laminate yoke layers and the laminate shoe includes a plurality of laminate shoe layers.

[0017] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the rotor does not include a bridge to stabilize the one or more first magnets in the recess of the laminated yoke.

[0018] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system including a rotor, the rotor comprising: a rotor shaft; a lamination stack, the lamination stack comprising a first lamination layer, a second lamination layer, and one or more magnets, the first lamination layer and the second lamination layer being on the rotor shaft, and the circumference of the first lamination layer being greater than the circumference of the second lamination layer; the first lamination layer comprising: a first lamination yoke, the first lamination yoke comprising a first recess in an outermost surface of the first lamination yoke; and a first lamination shoe, the first lamination shoe being located in the first recess; the second lamination layer comprising: a second lamination yoke, the second lamination yoke comprising a second recess in an outermost surface of the second lamination yoke; and a second lamination shoe, the second lamination shoe being located in the second recess; the one or more magnets comprising a first portion and a second portion, the thickness of the first portion of the one or more magnets being greater than the thickness of the second portion of the one or more magnets, the one or more magnets being in the first recess between the first lamination yoke and the first lamination shoe and in the second recess between the second lamination yoke and the second lamination shoe, wherein the first portion of the one or more magnets is aligned with the first lamination layer along a first perimeter of the lamination stack and the second portion of the one or more magnets is aligned with the second lamination layer along a second perimeter of the lamination stack; and a carbon ring on the outermost surface of the second lamination yoke, the outermost surface of the second lamination shoe and the outermost surface of the second portion of the one or more magnets.

[0019] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the lamination stack further comprises: a third lamination layer having a perimeter equal to that of the second lamination layer; the third lamination layer comprising: a third lamination yoke comprising a third recess in an outermost surface of the third lamination yoke; and a third lamination shoe, the third lamination shoe being located in the third recess; the one or more magnets also being in the third recess between the third lamination yoke and the third lamination shoe, wherein the second portion of the one or more magnets is also aligned with the third lamination layer along a third perimeter of the lamination stack.

[0020] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the carbon ring is also located on an outermost surface of the third lamination yoke and an outermost surface of the third lamination shoe.

[0021] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system further comprising: a carbon tube, wherein the first lamination shoe comprises a first hole, wherein the second lamination shoe comprises a second hole, and wherein the carbon tube extends through the first hole and the second hole in a direction parallel to an axial direction of the rotor shaft.

[0022] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the one or more magnets include a first magnet and a second magnet.

[0023] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the rotor does not include a bridge between the first lamination yoke and the first lamination shoe or between the second lamination yoke and the second lamination shoe.

[0024] Other objects and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be set forth in part in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be learned by practicing the disclosed embodiments. The objects and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

[0025] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosed embodiments, as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate various exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosed embodiments.

[0027] Figure 1 Depicted are exemplary system infrastructures for a vehicle including a combined inverter and converter according to one or more embodiments.

[0028] Figure 2 Depicted are exemplary cross-sectional views of a motor according to one or more embodiments.

[0029] Figures 3A to 3D Depicted are exemplary components of a rotor according to one or more embodiments.

[0030] Figure 4 Depicted is an exemplary side view of a rotor according to one or more embodiments.

[0031] Figures 5A to 5B Depicted is a cross-sectional view of a sleeve-free portion of a rotor according to one or more embodiments.

[0032] Figures 6A to 6B Depicted is a cross-sectional view of a sleeved portion of a rotor according to one or more embodiments.

[0033] Figure 7 An exemplary graph depicts performance of rotors having different structures according to one or more embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and do not limit the claimed features. As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "having," or other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but may also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent in such process, method, article, or apparatus. In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, relative terms (such as "about," "substantially," and "approximately") are used to indicate that the value being described may vary by ±10%. In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, any numerical value may include a variation of ±10% that the value being described may vary.

[0035] The terminology used below is to be interpreted in the broadest reasonable manner, even as it is used in conjunction with the detailed description of certain specific examples of the present disclosure. Indeed, certain terms may even be emphasized below; however, any term intended to be interpreted in any limiting manner will be clearly and specifically defined in this detailed description. For example, in the context of the present disclosure, a carbon ring may be described as a composite ring, a carbon ring, or a ring, but may refer to any type of material used in the electric rotor reinforcement described herein. For example, the composite ring may be made of carbon fiber or another composite material, or any combination thereof, without limitation.

[0036] Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to electric rotors, and more specifically, to systems that include composite materials as reinforcements for electric rotors. Composite sleeves are used as reinforcements in electric rotors and generators to retain magnets in high-speed applications. Motor and generator units incorporating composite sleeves are used in a variety of applications due to the need for increased speed and energy efficiency. For example, carbon fiber composites are a preferred choice for such applications due to their excellent stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios.

[0037] When rotating at high speeds, the permanent magnets used in rotors (such as those used in motors or motors) are subject to high centrifugal forces and therefore need to be securely attached. Some retention enhancement methods used in rotor designs include increasing the size of the lamination bridges, or removing the lamination bridges and wrapping the entire length of the rotor with fiber composite materials. The use of lamination bridges increases the structural strength required for operation at higher speeds. However, a problem with lamination bridges is that the material used (such as metal) may affect the shunting and magnetic flux (such as magnet utilization), where using a larger bridge reduces the interaction between the rotor and stator fields (such as magnet utilization), resulting in poor machine performance.

[0038] Composite sleeves maintain the rotor's structural integrity at high speeds, similar to laminated bridges. Composite sleeves are nonmagnetic, thus avoiding shunting effects and increasing magnetic flux. However, a challenge with composite wrapping is the increased air gap caused by the composite material used to wrap the rotor. For example, a wider air gap reduces magnet utilization, resulting in poor machine performance. Carbon fiber, as used in composite sleeves, is often the choice for such applications due to its excellent stiffness-to-weight ratio, strength-to-weight ratio, and limited air gap.

[0039] Carbon was chosen as the material for the composite sleeve. Carbon is a non-magnetic material that can eliminate lamination bridges, which has the benefits of eliminating magnetic shunting and improving magnet utilization. However, the manufacturing process for making composite sleeves requires a large amount of carbon fiber and time. In addition, carbon composite sleeves must consider high-speed capabilities (for example, high sleeve thickness) and high magnet utilization (for example, low sleeve thickness).

[0040] One or more embodiments may include several carbon rings distributed locally along the rotor, thereby forming a segmented sleeve, rather than using a single sleeve along the entire length of the rotor. One or more embodiments may include axial carbon tubes to balance the remaining centrifugal forces acting on the shoe laminations. In doing so, the required retention constraints (e.g., previously performed by a bridge or composite sleeve along the entire rotor) can be provided only where necessary. This allows design flexibility to adjust the ratio between maximum speed and magnet utilization.

[0041] For example, to achieve several carbon rings, a lamination design can include four different lamination types: first, a lamination yoke with a reduced outer diameter; second, a lamination shoe with a reduced outer diameter; third, a lamination yoke with a nominal outer diameter; and fourth, a lamination shoe with a nominal outer diameter. As a result, the air gap distribution can be reduced in the non-sleeved section and increased in the sleeved section. Thus, centrifugal forces can be balanced using two structural elements: a carbon sleeve ring that supports the shoe and magnet in the sleeved section, and a carbon tube that supports the shoe in the non-sleeved section.

[0042] The axial width of the sleeve and the number of sleeves used to build a complete rotor can be adjusted based on the specific application requirements (e.g., to achieve a target maximum rotor speed and keep magnet utilization at a maximum). For example, as the sleeve size increases, higher speeds can be achieved, but the flux utilization decreases. Conversely, as the sleeve size decreases, lower speeds may be required, but the flux utilization will be higher. This trend can be mitigated by adjusting the number of sleeves, the size of each sleeve (e.g., which may vary depending on its position relative to the magnets), and the position relative to the magnets (e.g., in the center or middle position, or even overlapping two magnets). As a result, the waste of magnet energy can be reduced compared to some approaches (e.g., 100% sleeve area or using lamination bridges).

[0043] One or more embodiments may include completely removed lamination bridges, thereby avoiding flux shunting and providing high magnet utilization. In one or more embodiments, the air gap may be increased only locally, thereby maintaining good magnet utilization. In one or more embodiments, higher speeds may be achieved relative to centrifugal force balancing using carbon rings and / or tubes. For example, a carbon ring sleeve may provide better rotor field efficiency due to the location of the magnets closer to the outer diameter. In terms of material cost, a carbon ring sleeve may reduce the amount of carbon required to hold the magnets and laminations in place (e.g., using rings only where needed rather than completely wrapping the rotor).

[0044] One or more embodiments may include a carbon ring sleeve to reduce manufacturing time and cost (e.g., requiring less wrapping surface). One or more embodiments may improve speed limits and motor efficiency. For example, the carbon ring sleeve may be implemented using carbon fiber or other types of composite materials. The carbon ring sleeve may be applied to several types of motors (e.g., surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors). One or more embodiments may include varying the number and size of the carbon rings based on specific application requirements.

[0045] Figure 1 An exemplary system infrastructure of a vehicle including a combined inverter and converter according to one or more embodiments is depicted. Alternatively, the inverter may be an inverter without a converter. In the context of this disclosure, an inverter without a converter or a combined inverter and converter may be referred to as an inverter. Figure 1 As shown, the electric vehicle 100 may include an inverter 110, a motor 190, and a battery 195. The inverter 110 may include a component for receiving power from an external source and outputting power to charge the battery 195 of the electric vehicle 100. For example, the battery 195 may supply DC power to the inverter 110 for conversion to AC power to drive (e.g., rotate) the motor 190 of the electric vehicle 100, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The inverter 110 may be bidirectional and may convert DC power to AC power, or convert AC power to DC power, such as during regenerative braking. The inverter 110 may be a three-phase inverter, a single-phase inverter, or a multi-phase inverter.

[0046] Figure 2An exemplary cross-sectional view of a motor according to one or more embodiments is depicted. The motor 190 may include a rotor 200 and a stator 202. The stator 202 may include a stator yoke 210, stator internal teeth 220, a water jacket 230, stator external teeth 240, and windings 250. The rotor 200 may include a rotor lamination stack 260 and a rotor shaft 280. The rotor lamination stack 260 may include one or more lamination layers. The rotor lamination stack 260 may include magnets 270 (e.g., the magnets 270 may include one or more magnets). The magnets 270 may be aligned in a direction parallel to the rotor shaft 280. For example, the rotor 200 may rotate relative to the stator 202 based on the current in the windings 250.

[0047] Figures 3A to 3D Depicted are exemplary components of a rotor according to one or more embodiments. Figure 3A A magnet 370 including a magnet groove 311 is depicted, wherein the thickness of the magnet 370 at a non-groove portion is greater than the thickness at the magnet groove 311 . Figure 3B A carbon ring 320 is depicted. Figure 3C Depicted is a shoe 505 for reinforcing the laminations during operation (see Figure 5A and Figure 5B ) of the carbon tube 330. The carbon tube 330 (eg, the carbon tube 330 may include one or more carbon tubes) and the carbon ring 320 (eg, the carbon ring 320 may include one or more carbon rings) may reinforce the lamination shoe 505 and the magnet 370 during operation. Figure 3D A rotor lamination stack 360 is depicted having a first lamination layer 362 (e.g., the first lamination layer 362 may include one or more first lamination layers) and a second lamination layer 364 (e.g., the second lamination layer 364 may include one or more second lamination layers). For example, one or more embodiments may include the magnet recess 311 and the second lamination layer 364 aligned with the carbon ring 320 positioned thereon.

[0048] As described above, the number and width of the lamination stack grooves (e.g., magnet grooves 311 and second lamination layers 364) can depend on the application and the target speed required to maximize magnetic utilization. For example, one or more embodiments can include magnet grooves 311 and second lamination layers 364 covering from about 1% of the outermost surface of the rotor lamination stack 360 to about 99% of the rotor lamination stack 360. One or more embodiments can include magnet grooves 311 as a single magnet groove and second lamination layers 364 as a single second lamination layer, which cover from about 15% of the outermost surface of the rotor lamination stack 360 to about 85% of the outermost surface of the rotor lamination stack 360.

[0049] Figure 41 depicts an exemplary side view of a rotor according to one or more embodiments. The rotor 300 may include a rotor lamination stack 360 in which magnets 370 are arranged in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft 280. The rotor 300 may include a second lamination layer 364 (see FIG. Figure 3D ) at the carbon ring 320. As described above with reference to 3A to Figure 3D As described, the magnet 370 and the second laminate layer 364 may be aligned such that the carbon ring 320 is located outside the magnet 370. One or more embodiments may include the first laminate layer 362 and the second laminate layer 364 sequentially arranged in an axial direction.

[0050] Figures 5A to 5B Depicted is a cross-sectional view of a sleeveless portion of a rotor according to one or more embodiments. Figures 5A to 5B The first laminate layer 362 Figure 4 (e.g., the first laminate layer 362 may include one or more first laminate layers.) The first laminate layer 362 may include a plurality of laminate layers or laminate yoke layers having a first perimeter. For example, the first perimeter of the first laminate layer 362 may be greater than the second perimeter of the second laminate layer 364 (see FIG. Figures 6A to 6B When the first laminate layer 362 includes a plurality of first laminate layers, the first perimeter of each first laminate layer 362 may be equal.

[0051] The first lamination layer 362 can be disposed on the rotor shaft 280 with the magnet 370 (e.g., the magnet 370 can include one or more magnets) positioned in a recess 512 (e.g., the recess 512 can include one or more recesses) of the rotor lamination stack 360. The first lamination layer 362 can include a recess 512 for a lamination shoe 505 (e.g., the lamination shoe 505 can include one or more lamination shoes, or a lamination shoe layer) positioned outside the magnet 370. The lamination shoe 505 can include carbon tubes 330 (e.g., the carbon tubes 330 can include one or more carbon tubes) extending through holes in the lamination shoe 505 in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft 280. For example, centrifugal forces (F) exerted on the lamination shoe 505 during rotation of the rotor 300 can be counteracted (e.g., stabilized) using the carbon tubes 330.

[0052] Figures 6A to 6B Depicted is a cross-sectional view of a sleeved portion of a rotor according to one or more embodiments. Figures 6A to 6B is the second laminate layer 364 (eg, the second laminate layer 364 may include one or more second laminate layers) Figure 4The second laminate layer 364 may include a plurality of laminate layers or laminate yoke layers having a second perimeter. For example, the second perimeter of the second laminate layer 364 may be smaller than the first perimeter of the first laminate layer 362 (see FIG. Figures 5A to 5B When the second laminate layer 364 includes a plurality of second laminate layers, the second perimeter of each second laminate layer 364 may be equal.

[0053] The second lamination layer 364 may be disposed on the rotor shaft 280, with the magnet 370 (e.g., the magnet 370 may include one or more magnets) positioned in a recess 512 (e.g., the recess 512 may include one or more recesses) of the rotor lamination stack 360. The second lamination layer 364 may include a recess 512 for a lamination shoe 505 (e.g., the lamination shoe 505 may include one or more lamination shoes) positioned on top of the magnet 370. The lamination shoe 505 may include carbon tubes 330 (e.g., the carbon tubes 330 may include one or more carbon tubes) extending through holes in the lamination shoe 505 in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft 280. The second lamination layer 364 may have an outermost surface corresponding to a carbon ring 320 aligned on the outer circumference of the lamination shoe 505. For example, centrifugal force (F) applied to the lamination shoe 505 and the magnet 370 may be counteracted (e.g., stabilized) by the carbon tubes 330.

[0054] Figure 7 An exemplary graph depicts the performance of rotors with different configurations according to one or more embodiments. Plots 702 and 706 of graph 700 depict the relationship between a rotor's target speed and bridge size. For example, a rotor with a bridge can be used at higher speeds because the bridge secures the lamination shoes and magnets in place, counteracting centrifugal forces. However, as the target speed increases, magnetic flux utilization decreases (e.g., magnetic energy waste increases). This increased magnetic energy waste reduces rotor efficiency.

[0055] Plot 704 and plot 708 in graph 700 depict the relationship between the rotor target speed and the carbon ring coverage. Plot 708 in graph 700 depicts the relationship between the rotor and the carbon ring as the target speed increases and the flux utilization decreases.

[0056] One or more embodiments may include completely removed lamination bridges, thereby avoiding flux shunting and providing high magnet utilization. In one or more embodiments, the air gap may be increased only locally, thereby maintaining good magnet utilization. In one or more embodiments, higher speeds may be achieved relative to centrifugal force balancing using carbon rings and / or tubes. For example, a carbon ring sleeve may provide better rotor field efficiency due to the location of the magnets closer to the outer diameter. In terms of material cost, a carbon ring sleeve may reduce the amount of carbon required to hold the magnets and laminations in place (e.g., using rings only where needed rather than completely wrapping the rotor).

[0057] One or more embodiments may include a carbon ring sleeve to reduce manufacturing time and cost (e.g., requiring less wrapping surface). One or more embodiments may improve speed limits and motor efficiency. For example, the carbon ring sleeve may be implemented using carbon fiber or other types of composite materials. The carbon ring sleeve may be applied to several types of motors (e.g., surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors). One or more embodiments may include varying the number and size of the carbon rings based on specific application requirements.

[0058] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. A system comprising a motor, wherein: The motor comprises: a stator comprising one or more windings; and a rotor that rotates relative to the stator based on current in the one or more windings, the rotor comprising: rotor shaft; a lamination stack on the rotor shaft, the lamination stack comprising: a laminated yoke comprising a recess in an outermost surface of the laminated yoke and a first groove in the outermost surface of the laminated yoke; A lamination shoe is in the recess of the lamination yoke, the lamination shoe comprising the a second groove in the outermost surface of the lamination shoe; and one or more first magnets, the one or more first magnets being in the recess of the laminate yoke and between the laminate yoke and the laminate shoe, each of the one or more first magnets comprising a first magnet groove, wherein the first groove of the laminate yoke, the second groove of the laminate shoe, and the first magnet groove are aligned along a first perimeter of the laminate stack as a first laminate stack groove; and One or more carbon rings, the one or more carbon rings being in the first lamination stack groove.

2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: one or more second magnets, the one or more second magnets being in the recess of the laminate yoke and between the laminate yoke and the laminate shoe, each of the one or more second magnets comprising a second magnet recess, wherein the laminate yoke comprises a third groove in an outermost surface of the laminate yoke, and the laminate shoe comprises a fourth groove in an outermost surface of the laminate shoe, and Wherein, the third groove of the lamination yoke, the fourth groove of the lamination shoe and the second magnet groove are aligned along the second perimeter of the lamination stack as a second lamination stack groove.

3. The system according to claim 2, further comprising: One or more carbon rings, the one or more carbon rings being in the second lamination stack groove.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein: The one or more carbon rings cover from about 15% of the outermost surface of the lamination stack to about 85% of the outermost surface of the lamination stack.

5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: One or more carbon tubes extend through the lamination shoe of the lamination stack in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The rotor does not include a bridge that stabilizes the one or more first magnets in the recess of the laminated yoke.

7. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: an inverter configured to convert DC power from a battery into AC power to drive the one or more windings of the stator of the motor; as well as the battery, the battery being configured to supply the DC power to the inverter, The system is provided as a vehicle, and the vehicle includes the inverter, the battery, and the motor.

8. A system comprising a rotor, wherein: The rotor comprises: rotor shaft; a lamination stack on the rotor shaft, the lamination stack comprising: a laminated yoke comprising a recess in an outermost surface of the laminated yoke and a first groove in the outermost surface of the laminated yoke; a laminate shoe in the recess of the laminate yoke, the laminate shoe comprising a second groove in an outermost surface of the laminate shoe; and one or more first magnets, the one or more first magnets being in the recess of the laminate yoke and between the laminate yoke and the laminate shoe, each of the one or more first magnets comprising a first magnet groove, wherein the first groove of the laminate yoke, the second groove of the laminate shoe, and the first magnet groove are aligned along a first perimeter of the laminate stack as a first laminate stack groove; and A first carbon ring is disposed in the first lamination stack groove.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein: The rotor further comprises: one or more second magnets, the one or more second magnets being in the recess of the laminate yoke and between the laminate yoke and the laminate shoe, each of the one or more second magnets comprising a second magnet recess, wherein the laminate yoke comprises a third groove in an outermost surface of the laminate yoke, and the laminate shoe comprises a fourth groove in an outermost surface of the laminate shoe, and Wherein, the third groove of the lamination yoke, the fourth groove of the lamination shoe and the second magnet groove are aligned along the second perimeter of the lamination stack as a second lamination stack groove.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein: The rotor further comprises: A second carbon ring is disposed in the second lamination stack groove.

11. The system according to claim 8, wherein The first carbon ring covers from about 15% of the outermost surface of the lamination stack to about 85% of the outermost surface of the lamination stack.

12. The system according to claim 8, wherein: The rotor further comprises: Carbon tubes extend through the lamination shoe of the lamination stack in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft.

13. The system according to claim 8, wherein: The laminate yoke includes a plurality of laminate yoke layers, and the laminate shoe includes a plurality of laminate shoe layers.

14. The system according to claim 8, wherein The rotor does not include a bridge that stabilizes the one or more first magnets in the recess of the laminated yoke.

15. A system comprising a rotor, wherein: The rotor comprises: rotor shaft; a lamination stack comprising a first lamination layer, a second lamination layer, and one or more magnets, the first lamination layer and the second lamination layer being on the rotor shaft, and the first lamination layer having a greater circumference than the second lamination layer; The first laminate layer comprises: a first laminated yoke comprising a first recess in an outermost surface of the first laminated yoke; and a first laminate shoe located in the first recess; The second laminate layer comprises: a second laminated yoke comprising a second recess in an outermost surface of the second laminated yoke; and a second laminate shoe, the second laminate shoe being located in the second recess; the one or more magnets comprising a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the one or more magnets having a thickness greater than a thickness of the second portion of the one or more magnets, the one or more magnets being in the first recess between the first lamination yoke and the first lamination shoe and in the second recess between the second lamination yoke and the second lamination shoe, wherein the first portion of the one or more magnets is aligned with the first lamination layer along a first perimeter of the lamination stack, and the second portion of the one or more magnets is aligned with the second lamination layer along a second perimeter of the lamination stack; and A carbon ring is formed on an outermost surface of the second lamination yoke, an outermost surface of the second lamination shoe, and an outermost surface of the second portion of the one or more magnets.

16. The system according to claim 15, wherein: The lamination stack further comprises: a third laminate layer, the third laminate layer having a perimeter equal to that of the second laminate layer; The third laminate layer comprises: a third laminated yoke comprising a third recess in an outermost surface of the third laminated yoke; and a third laminate shoe, the third laminate shoe being located in the third recess; The one or more magnets are also in the third recess between the third lamination yoke and the third lamination shoe, wherein the second portion of the one or more magnets is also aligned with the third lamination layer along a third perimeter of the lamination stack.

17. The system according to claim 16, wherein: The carbon ring is also located on the outermost surface of the third lamination yoke and the outermost surface of the third lamination shoe.

18. The system of claim 15, further comprising: carbon tubes, wherein the first lamination shoe comprises a first hole, wherein the second lamination shoe comprises a second hole, and The carbon tubes extend through the first hole and the second hole in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotor shaft.

19. The system of claim 15, wherein: The one or more magnets include a first magnet and a second magnet.

20. The system of claim 15, wherein: The rotor does not include a bridge between the first lamination yoke and the first lamination shoe or between the second lamination yoke and the second lamination shoe.

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