Welding device and welding method for supercapacitor processing

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of electrode welding technology, and discloses a welding apparatus and method for supercapacitor processing. The apparatus includes a worktable with a lifting seat. An adjusting cylinder is mounted on the lifting seat, and the movable end of the adjusting cylinder is connected to an independent pressure-controlled welding head array. The lifting seat can also move vertically along a column. The independent pressure-controlled welding head array includes multiple welding units arranged in a checkerboard pattern on a support plate. This welding apparatus, by precisely controlling the welding pressure, position, and timing, achieves effective welding while maximizing the preservation of the three-dimensional network structure and high porosity characteristics of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode. It solves the technical problem of structural collapse in the welding area, leading to ion transport bottlenecks, caused by traditional welding methods, and provides an effective technical means for the fabrication of high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrode welding, and more specifically, to a welding apparatus and welding method for supercapacitor processing. Background Technology

[0002] Existing self-supporting electrode welding processes typically employ plasma activation (power 50-100W) pretreatment followed by pressure-assisted ultrasonic micro-welding technology. The welding head diameter is typically 0.5-2.0mm, and short-duration welding of 50-200ms is performed at an amplitude of 10-30μm under a pressure of 0.2-1.0MPa.

[0003] When welding ultra-low density (<10mg / cm³) self-supporting electrodes such as carbon nanotube fiber aerogels, the high porosity (99%) and extremely low mechanical strength of the materials cause the three-dimensional network structure of the welding area to collapse and compact due to the welding pressure. This causes the porosity of the area to drop sharply to 30%-50%, forming a bottleneck region for ion transport and significantly reducing the performance of the supercapacitor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a welding device and welding method for supercapacitor processing, solving the technical problem in related technologies that welding pressure causes the three-dimensional network structure of the welding area to collapse and compact, resulting in a sharp decrease in the porosity of the area to 30%-50%, forming a bottleneck area for ion transport.

[0005] This invention provides a welding device for supercapacitor processing, including a worktable, the worktable including a table surface, a column and a lifting seat, the column being vertically installed on the table surface, the lifting seat being sleeved on the column, and an adjusting cylinder being installed on the lifting seat. The movable end of the adjusting cylinder is connected to an independent pressure-controlled welding head array, and the lifting seat can also move along the vertical direction of the column.

[0006] The independent pressure-controlled welding head array includes multiple welding units, a support plate, an array base, and a mounting frame. The multiple welding units are arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the support plate. The support plate is installed on the inner wall of the mounting frame, the mounting frame is installed on the movable end of the adjusting cylinder, and the welding units are installed on the array base.

[0007] Each welding unit includes a pneumatic cylinder, a transmission rod, and a welding head. The pneumatic cylinder is fixedly mounted on the support plate. The piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper end of the transmission rod. The transmission rod is equipped with a wave conductor for transmitting ultrasonic waves. The lower end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the welding head. The pneumatic cylinder of each welding unit is connected to the air pressure fine-tuning system through an air pipe to achieve independent pressure control.

[0008] The elastic probe array includes multiple probe groups. Each probe group is used in conjunction with a welding unit. The four probes of the probe group are arranged in a square with the center aligned with the weld point.

[0009] The air pressure fine-tuning system includes a main air source, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure distributor, and an electromagnetic proportional valve. The main air source provides initial compressed air, the pressure reducing valve reduces the air pressure provided by the main air source to a range suitable for the system, and the pressure distributor distributes the reduced gas to multiple electromagnetic proportional valves, each of which is connected to a pneumatic cylinder.

[0010] The displacement monitoring sensor array includes multiple displacement sensors, each of which is fixedly mounted on a corresponding transmission rod to monitor the vertical displacement of the welding head.

[0011] Furthermore, the probe group includes a positive current probe, a negative current probe, a positive voltage probe, and a negative voltage probe. The probe group is vertically inserted into the array base, with the bottom end of the probe group extending out of the bottom outer wall of the array base, and the top end of the probe group being mounted in the array base by a support spring.

[0012] Furthermore, the positive current probe and the negative current probe are arranged diagonally, and the positive voltage probe and the negative voltage probe are also arranged diagonally.

[0013] Furthermore, it is also equipped with an ultrasonic generator, which is connected to a waveguide. The ultrasonic generator produces ultrasonic vibrations, which are transmitted to the welding head through the waveguide and the transmission rod.

[0014] Furthermore, an electrode support assembly is provided on the table surface. The electrode support assembly includes an electrode positioning seat, a welding seat, and a material unloading assembly. The electrode positioning seat, welding seat, and material unloading assembly are arranged in a straight line, and the spacing between the electrode positioning seat, welding seat, and material unloading assembly is the same.

[0015] Furthermore, the feeding assembly includes a feeding slide and a detection gate. The detection gate is mounted above the feeding slide and is used to detect the feeding of the welded ultra-low density self-supporting electrode.

[0016] Furthermore, a dual-station transfer assembly is provided on the top outer wall of the table. The dual-station transfer assembly is located between the column and the electrode support assembly. The dual-station transfer assembly includes a translation frame, a translation seat, a clamping cylinder, and an electric clamp. The translation frame is installed on the table. The translation seat has a "[" structure. A clamping cylinder and an electric clamp are installed at both ends of the translation seat. The movable end of the clamping cylinder is connected to the electric clamp.

[0017] Furthermore, a translation cylinder is provided on one side of the translation frame. The movable end of the translation cylinder is connected to one side of the translation seat. The translation cylinder drives the translation seat to move horizontally along the translation frame. The translation seat drives two sets of electric clamps to switch between the electrode positioning seat, the welding seat, and the unloading assembly, so as to transfer the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode from the electrode positioning seat to the welding seat. After welding is performed on the welding seat, the welded ultra-low density self-supporting electrode is then transferred to the unloading assembly.

[0018] Furthermore, the distance between adjacent welding heads is 2-5 times the diameter of the welding head, and the two sets of welding heads are like black and white squares on a chessboard, performing welding operations according to a predetermined sequence.

[0019] This invention also proposes a welding method for supercapacitor processing, comprising the following steps:

[0020] The welding head unit is divided into two groups, and the two groups of welding head units are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The two groups of welding head units are set according to a predetermined configuration.

[0021] Control all welding heads to descend simultaneously at low pressure until they establish initial contact with the surface of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode;

[0022] Pressure is increased on the first set of welding heads, and ultrasonic vibration is started for welding, while the second set of welding heads maintains a low-pressure contact state.

[0023] The vertical displacement of the welding head is monitored in real time. When the electrode compression exceeds the preset threshold, the pressure of the corresponding welding head is automatically reduced.

[0024] After the first set of welding heads completes welding, reduce its pressure while maintaining contact with the electrode, and increase the pressure on the second set of welding heads to continue welding;

[0025] After all welding heads have completed welding, the pressure of all welding heads is reduced simultaneously, and all welding heads are slowly raised. The voltage drop across the weld joint is measured using a probe, and the weld joint resistance value is calculated according to Ohm's law. The welding quality is evaluated by comparing the standard value. After passing the inspection, the welding process is completed.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] Technical effects of this embodiment

[0028] This invention employs a pressure-dividing welding strategy, which, compared to traditional ultra-low density self-supporting electrode welding technology, achieves continuous surface support for the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode through a checkerboard-patterned array of independently pressure-controlled welding heads. Throughout the welding process, all welding heads maintain contact with the electrode surface, avoiding the support loss problem caused by the welding heads completely retracting in traditional welding methods. This continuous surface support keeps the electrode stable during welding, significantly reducing deformation in non-welded areas.

[0029] Secondly, a low-pressure contact maintenance strategy (0.05-0.1 MPa) was adopted to provide continuous support for the welded area, preventing secondary deformation during subsequent welding processes. This measure ensured the stability of the welded area structure and reduced the impact of welding stress on surrounding materials.

[0030] By alternating operations and continuous support of the welding head, the compacted area exhibits a gradual transition rather than an abrupt structure, maintaining 70%-80% of the effective ion transport channels of the overall electrode, which is significantly superior to traditional welding methods.

[0031] In summary, the welding apparatus of this application, through precise control of welding pressure, position, and timing, achieves effective welding while maximally preserving the three-dimensional network structure and high porosity of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode. This solves the technical problem of structural collapse in the welding area, leading to ion transport bottlenecks, caused by traditional welding methods. It provides an effective technical means for the fabrication of high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors. Compared to traditional methods, the welding apparatus and method of this application can improve the electrochemical performance retention rate of supercapacitors by 20%-30% and the cycle stability by 15%-25%. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a welding device for supercapacitor processing proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the invention Figure 1 Side view;

[0034] Figure 3 This is the invention Figure 1 Top view;

[0035] Figure 4 This is the invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the independent pressure-controlled welding head array;

[0036] Figure 5 This is the invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom side structure;

[0037] Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 4 Side view.

[0038] In the diagram: 100, workbench; 200, electrode support assembly; 210, electrode positioning seat; 220, welding seat; 230, unloading assembly; 231, unloading slide; 232, inspection door; 300, dual-station transfer assembly; 400, lifting assembly; 410, ultrasonic generator; 420, lifting seat; 430, adjusting cylinder; 500, independent pressure-controlled welding head array; 510, array seat; 520, pneumatic cylinder; 530, support plate; 540, shock-absorbing bushing; 550, probe group; 560, unit displacement sensor; 570, mounting bracket; 580, welding head; 590, pressure distributor. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0040] like Figures 1-6 As shown, according to an embodiment of this application, a welding apparatus for processing supercapacitors is provided. The welding apparatus is mainly used for welding ultra-low density self-supporting electrodes, including a worktable 100, an independent pressure-controlled welding head array 500, an elastic probe array, a pneumatic fine-tuning system, and a displacement monitoring sensor array.

[0041] The workbench 100 is made of a low thermal expansion alloy to ensure the dimensional stability of the frame during the welding process.

[0042] The workbench 100 includes a table surface and a lifting assembly 400. The lifting assembly 400 includes a column and a lifting seat 420. The column is vertically installed on the table surface, and the lifting seat 420 is sleeved on the column. The lifting seat 420 moves along the vertical direction of the column. An adjusting cylinder 430 is installed on the lifting seat 420. The movable end of the adjusting cylinder 430 is connected to the independent pressure control welding head array 500.

[0043] In one embodiment, an electrode support assembly 200 is provided on the table. The electrode support assembly 200 includes an electrode positioning seat 210, a welding seat 220, and a material unloading assembly 230. The electrode positioning seat 210, the welding seat 220, and the material unloading assembly 230 are arranged in a straight line. The distance between the electrode positioning seat 210, the welding seat 220, and the material unloading assembly 230 is the same. The electrode positioning seat 210, the welding seat 220, and the material unloading assembly 230 form a three-station for welding.

[0044] It should be noted that the unloading assembly 230 includes an unloading slide 231 and an inspection door 232. The inspection door 232 is mounted above the unloading slide 231 and is used to inspect the unloading of the welded ultra-low density self-supporting electrode.

[0045] A dual-station transfer assembly 300 is provided on the top outer wall of the table. The dual-station transfer assembly 300 is located between the column and the electrode support assembly 200. The dual-station transfer assembly 300 includes a translation frame, a translation seat, a clamp cylinder and an electric clamp. The translation frame is installed on the table. The translation seat has a "[" structure. A clamp cylinder and an electric clamp are installed at both ends of the translation seat. The movable end of the clamp cylinder is connected to the electric clamp.

[0046] In one embodiment, a translation cylinder is provided on one side of the translation frame. The movable end of the translation cylinder is connected to one side of the translation seat. The translation cylinder drives the translation seat to move horizontally along the translation frame. The translation seat drives two sets of electric clamps to switch between the electrode positioning seat 210, the welding seat 220 and the unloading assembly 230, so as to transfer the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode from the electrode positioning seat 210 to the welding seat 220. After welding is performed on the welding seat 220, the welded ultra-low density self-supporting electrode is transferred to the unloading assembly 230.

[0047] It should be noted that the tabletop is equipped with a lifting cylinder, the movable end of which is connected to the lifting seat 420. The lifting cylinder drives the lifting seat 420 to move along the column as a coarse adjustment part.

[0048] In addition, the welding device is also equipped with an ultrasonic generator 410, which is mounted on the lifting seat 420. The ultrasonic generator 410 is connected to the waveguide and is used to generate ultrasonic vibrations with an amplitude of 10-30μm. The vibrations are transmitted to the welding head 580 through the waveguide and the transmission rod to realize ultrasonic-assisted welding. The ultrasonic generator 410 can independently control the vibration parameters of each welding head 580, including amplitude, frequency and duration.

[0049] An adjusting cylinder 430 is installed on the lifting seat 420. The movable end of the adjusting cylinder 430 is connected to the independent pressure control welding head array 500 as a fine adjustment part.

[0050] The independent pressure-controlled welding head array 500 includes multiple welding units, a support plate 530, an array base 510, and a mounting frame 570. The multiple welding units are arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the support plate 530. The distance between adjacent welding heads 580 can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode, and is 2-5 times the diameter of the welding head 580. The support plate 530 is installed on the inner wall of the mounting frame 570. The mounting frame 570 is installed on the movable end of the adjusting cylinder 430. A shock-absorbing bushing 540 is provided at the connection between the mounting frame 570 and the adjusting cylinder 430. The welding units are installed on the array base 510.

[0051] Each welding unit includes a pneumatic cylinder 520, a transmission rod, and a welding head 580. The pneumatic cylinder 520 is fixedly mounted on the support plate 530. The piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 520 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the transmission rod. The transmission rod has a hollow cylindrical structure and contains a waveguide for transmitting ultrasonic waves. The lower end of the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the welding head 580. The welding head 580 is made of titanium alloy, is cylindrical, and has a diameter of 0.5-2.0 mm. The bottom of the welding head 580 has a flat structure for contacting the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode for welding. The pneumatic cylinder 520 of each welding unit is connected to the air pressure fine-tuning system through an air pipe to achieve independent pressure control.

[0052] The elastic probe array includes multiple probe groups 550. Each probe group 550 is used in conjunction with a welding unit. The probe group 550 includes a positive current probe, a negative current probe, a positive voltage probe, and a negative voltage probe. The probe group 550 is vertically inserted into the array base 510. The bottom end of the probe group 550 extends out of the bottom outer wall of the array base 510, and the top end of the probe group 550 is mounted in the array base 510 by a support spring.

[0053] It should be noted that the positive current probe, negative current probe, positive voltage probe, and negative voltage probe are arranged in a square with their centers aligned with the solder joints. The probe tips are made of gold-plated material to ensure good contact. The positive current probe and negative current probe are set diagonally, as are the positive voltage probe and negative voltage probe.

[0054] The air pressure fine-tuning system includes a main air source, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure distributor 590, and multiple electromagnetic proportional valves. The main air source provides initial compressed air, and the pressure reducing valve reduces the air pressure provided by the main air source to a range suitable for system use (0MPa-1.5MPa). The pressure distributor 590 distributes the reduced gas to multiple electromagnetic proportional valves, each of which is connected to a pneumatic cylinder 520. By adjusting the opening of the electromagnetic proportional valve, the pressure of each pneumatic cylinder 520 can be precisely controlled, with a pressure adjustment accuracy of 0.01MPa. The electromagnetic proportional valves are connected to the control system via wires and can adjust the pressure according to a preset program or real-time feedback.

[0055] The displacement monitoring sensor array includes multiple displacement sensors, each of which is fixedly mounted on a corresponding transmission rod to monitor the vertical displacement of the welding head 580. The displacement sensor has a measurement accuracy of ±0.1μm and can monitor the vertical displacement change of the welding head 580 in real time, thereby calculating the compression of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode during the welding process. The displacement sensor is connected to the control system through wires to transmit the displacement data to the control system for processing in real time.

[0056] It should also be noted that unit displacement sensors 560 are provided on the four outer walls of the array base 510 to detect the relative position between the entire welding unit array and the welding base 220.

[0057] Multiple welding units are arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the support plate 530. The distance between adjacent welding heads 580 can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode, generally 2-5 times the diameter of the welding head 580. This layout facilitates group control, dividing the welding heads 580 into two or more groups, like the black and white squares of a checkerboard, which makes it easy to perform welding operations according to a predetermined sequence.

[0058] According to an embodiment of this application, the method of using the welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Sample preparation and device debugging

[0060] First, the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode to be welded is placed on the worktable 100 and fixed with a positioning fixture to ensure that the electrode will not shift during welding. Then, based on the size and characteristics of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode, the position of the welding unit on the array seat 510 is adjusted so that the welding head 580 array covers the area to be welded. Next, the vibration parameters of the ultrasonic generator 410 are set, including amplitude (typically 10-30 μm), frequency, and duration (typically 50-200 ms), to suit the specific electrode material characteristics.

[0061] Step 2: Initial positioning of the welding head 580

[0062] Start the welding device and control all welding head 580 units to descend simultaneously, but without contacting the electrode surface, but precisely position them 0.5mm away from the electrode surface;

[0063] This positioning process is provided with precise position feedback by a displacement monitoring sensor array, ensuring that all welding heads 580 are kept at a predetermined distance from the electrode surface. During this process, the displacement sensors continuously monitor the vertical position of each welding head 580 and feed the data back to the control system. The control system adjusts the position of each pneumatic cylinder 520 according to the feedback data until the predetermined position is reached.

[0064] Step 3: Establishing Initial Contact

[0065] The control system adjusts the pressure of each pneumatic cylinder 520 through an electromagnetic proportional valve, so that all welding heads 580 descend slowly at an extremely low pressure of 0.05 MPa until they make initial contact with the electrode surface. This extremely low pressure is not enough to cause significant deformation of the electrode structure, but it is enough to establish a stable physical contact. The displacement sensor monitors the vertical displacement of each welding head 580 in real time. When the welding head 580 is detected to be in contact with the electrode surface (manifested as a sudden stop or slowing of displacement), the control system will maintain the current pressure state of the welding head 580.

[0066] Step 4: Group Welding Process

[0067] According to the preset welding strategy, the array of welding heads 580 is divided into two groups, labeled as Group A and Group B, and distributed in a chessboard pattern (i.e., adjacent welding heads 580 belong to different groups).

[0068] First, the A-group welding head 580 is activated. The control system gradually increases the pressure of the corresponding pneumatic cylinder 520 of the A-group welding head 580 through the electromagnetic proportional valve, from 0.05MPa to 0.3-0.5MPa. At the same time, the pressure of the B-group welding head 580 is kept stable at 0.05MPa to provide continuous support force. After the pressure of the A-group welding head 580 reaches the preset value, the ultrasonic generator 410 is started to apply ultrasonic vibration to the A-group welding head 580 for welding. The welding time is usually 50-200ms.

[0069] During the welding process, the displacement monitoring sensor array continuously monitors the vertical displacement of each welding head 580. When the electrode compression at the corresponding position of a certain welding head 580 is detected to exceed 30% of the electrode thickness, the control system immediately reduces the pressure of the pneumatic cylinder 520 corresponding to that welding head 580 to prevent excessive local compaction of the electrode.

[0070] Step 5: Complete alternating welding

[0071] After welding is completed by welding head 580 of group A, the control system reduces the pressure of welding head 580 of group A to 0.1MPa to maintain contact with the electrode, but no longer applies excessive pressure. Then, in the same manner as in step four, the pressure of welding head 580 of group B is increased to 0.3-0.5MPa, and ultrasonic vibration is started for welding. At this time, welding head 580 of group A continues to contact the electrode surface with a pressure of 0.1MPa to provide support for the welded area and prevent secondary deformation from occurring during welding of group B.

[0072] Similarly, during the welding process of Group B, the displacement monitoring sensor array continuously monitors the compression amount. When compression exceeding 30% of the electrode thickness is detected, the pressure of the corresponding welding head 580 is automatically reduced.

[0073] Positive and negative current probes provide constant test current, while positive and negative voltage probes measure the voltage drop across the solder joint. The solder joint resistance is calculated based on Ohm's law, and the soldering quality is evaluated by comparing standard values.

[0074] Step Six: Post-Welding Treatment

[0075] After all welding heads 580 have completed welding, the control system simultaneously reduces the pressure of all welding heads 580 to 0.05MPa, and then slowly lifts all welding heads 580 to completely detach them from the electrode surface. This synchronous and slow withdrawal method can avoid stress impact on the welded area caused by the rapid withdrawal of welding heads 580.

[0076] Finally, the welded electrode is removed and necessary post-processing steps (such as cooling and inspection) are performed. Throughout the welding process, due to the use of a pressure-dividing welding strategy, even if there is a certain degree of local compaction at the weld point, the alternating operation and continuous support of the welding head 580 ensures that the compacted area presents a gradual transition rather than an abrupt change, effectively maintaining the overall porosity structure of the electrode.

[0077] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding apparatus for processing supercapacitors, characterized in that, Includes a vertically movable worktable and an independent pressure-controlled welding head array mounted on the worktable; The independent pressure-controlled welding head array includes multiple welding units, a support plate, an array base, and a mounting frame. The multiple welding units are arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the support plate. The support plate is installed on the inner wall of the mounting frame, and the mounting frame is installed on the movable end of the adjusting cylinder. The welding units are installed on the array base, and each welding unit is connected to the independent control end of the air pressure fine-tuning system. The elastic probe array includes multiple probe groups. Each probe group is used in conjunction with a welding unit. The four probes of the probe group are arranged in a square with the center aligned with the welding point. The probe group includes a positive current probe, a negative current probe, a positive voltage probe, and a negative voltage probe. The probe group is vertically inserted into the array base. The bottom end of the probe group extends out of the bottom outer wall of the array base, and the top end of the probe group is mounted in the array base by a support spring. The air pressure fine-tuning system is used to provide independently controlled air pressure regulation for each welding unit; The displacement monitoring sensor array includes multiple displacement sensors, each of which is fixedly mounted on a corresponding transmission rod to monitor the vertical displacement of the welding head.

2. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air pressure fine-tuning system includes a main air source, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure distributor, and an electromagnetic proportional valve. The main air source provides initial compressed air, the pressure reducing valve reduces the air pressure provided by the main air source to a range suitable for the system, and the pressure distributor distributes the reduced gas to multiple electromagnetic proportional valves, each of which is connected to a pneumatic cylinder.

3. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positive current probe and negative current probe are set diagonally, as are the positive voltage probe and negative voltage probe.

4. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is also equipped with an ultrasonic generator, which is connected to a waveguide. The ultrasonic generator produces ultrasonic vibrations, which are transmitted to the welding head through the waveguide and the transmission rod.

5. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electrode support assembly is provided on the table. The electrode support assembly includes an electrode positioning seat, a welding seat, and a material unloading assembly. The electrode positioning seat, welding seat, and material unloading assembly are arranged in a straight line, and the spacing between the electrode positioning seat, welding seat, and material unloading assembly is the same.

6. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feeding assembly includes a feeding slide and an inspection door. The inspection door is mounted above the feeding slide and is used to inspect the feeding of the welded ultra-low density self-supporting electrode.

7. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, A dual-station transfer assembly is provided on the top outer wall of the table. The dual-station transfer assembly is located between the column and the electrode support assembly. The dual-station transfer assembly includes a translation frame, a translation seat, a clamp cylinder and an electric clamp. The translation frame is installed on the table. The translation seat has a "[" structure. A clamp cylinder and an electric clamp are installed at both ends of the translation seat. The movable end of the clamp cylinder is connected to the electric clamp.

8. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 7, characterized in that, A translation cylinder is provided on one side of the translation frame. The movable end of the translation cylinder is connected to one side of the translation seat. The translation cylinder drives the translation seat to move horizontally along the translation frame. The translation seat drives two sets of electric clamps to switch between the electrode positioning seat, the welding seat and the unloading assembly, so as to transfer the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode from the electrode positioning seat to the welding seat. After welding is performed on the welding seat, the welded ultra-low density self-supporting electrode is transferred to the unloading assembly.

9. The welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between adjacent welding heads is 2-5 times the diameter of the welding head. The two sets of welding heads are like the black and white squares of a chessboard, and welding operations are performed according to a predetermined sequence.

10. A welding method for processing supercapacitors, characterized in that, A welding apparatus for supercapacitor processing as described in any one of claims 1-9 performs welding, comprising the following steps: The welding head unit is divided into two groups, and the two groups of welding head units are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The two groups of welding head units are set according to a predetermined configuration. Control all welding heads to descend simultaneously at low pressure until they establish initial contact with the surface of the ultra-low density self-supporting electrode; Pressure is increased on the first set of welding heads, and ultrasonic vibration is started for welding, while the second set of welding heads maintains a low-pressure contact state. The vertical displacement of the welding head is monitored in real time. When the electrode compression exceeds the preset threshold, the pressure of the corresponding welding head is automatically reduced. After the first set of welding heads completes welding, reduce its pressure while maintaining contact with the electrode, and increase the pressure on the second set of welding heads to continue welding; After all welding heads have completed welding, the pressure of all welding heads is reduced simultaneously, and all welding heads are slowly raised. The voltage drop across the weld joint is measured using a probe, and the weld joint resistance value is calculated according to Ohm's law. The welding quality is evaluated by comparing the standard value. After passing the inspection, the welding process is completed.

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