Welding arrangement, method for joining plastic products by welding, and product produced thereby

Abstract

The invention relates to a welding arrangement for producing a plastic product by welding a first and a second plastic part to each other, comprising:-a first and a second clamping tool, which can be moved towards each other into an interaction position,-a heating plate, the heating plate is used for heating the interface parts of the flanges of the plastic parts, and in the interaction position, the clamping tool is configured to clamp the interface parts of the flanges of the first plastic part and the second plastic part against the heating plate to heat the interface parts; the first and second clamping tools are arranged on the first and second plastic parts and are clamped against each other in order to join the first and second plastic parts to each other, and wherein the first and second clamping tools comprise respective first and second tool tips for fixing flanges of the first and second plastic parts, the first clamping tool and the second clamping tool can move away from the interaction position of the flange of the plastic part fixed to the corresponding clamping tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method and a welding arrangement for producing a plastic product. The invention also relates to a plastic product and to a vehicle comprising at least one such plastic product. Background Art

[0002] In the automotive industry, plastic products are used, such as containers for cooling water, windscreen washer fluid or the like. A common way of producing such products is to mould two parts (e.g. halves) of the plastic product, which are subsequently joined to each other by welding.

[0003] In particular, the parts to be joined may be provided with a flange comprising a complementary material configured to be heated and clamped in a molten state to a flange of another plastic part, the other plastic part also being provided with a flange comprising a complementary material also heated, thereby producing an assembled plastic product.

[0004] In order to provide a solid joint over the entire interface between the plastic parts to be joined, it is preferred to have a sufficiently large contact surface along the entire joint. This has proven challenging for some geometries, in part because the plastic products may deform slightly during the heating process so that the intended contact surfaces do not face each other over the entire intended contact surface. Summary of the Invention

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a welding arrangement for producing a plastics product which at least partially alleviate the problems of the prior art.

[0006] According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing a plastic product, said method comprising the following steps:

[0007] (a) providing a first plastic component and a second plastic component to be joined into a plastic product, the first plastic component and the second plastic component comprising flanges welded to each other along respective interface portions,

[0008] (b) arranging the first plastic component in a first holding tool, the first holding tool comprising a first tool tip configured to interact with the flange of the first plastic component (11), and arranging the second plastic component in a second holding tool, the second holding tool comprising a second tool tip configured to interact with the flange of the second plastic component,

[0009] securing at least a portion of the flange to respective first and second tool tips of the gripping tool in a fixed position,

[0010] (c) inserting a heat source between the first holding tool and the second holding tool,

[0011] (d) clamping the interface portion of the flange against the heat source by the first clamping tool and the second clamping tool to at least partially melt the interface portion,

[0012] (e) removing the first plastic component and the second plastic component from the heat source with the at least portion of the flange in the fixed position,

[0013] (f) with the at least portion of the flange in the fixed position, moving the interface portions of the flanges into contact with each other,

[0014] (f) clamping the interface portions of the flanges against each other to bond the at least partially melted interface portions of the first and second flanges to each other, and

[0015] (g) releasing the produced plastic product from the first gripping tool and the second gripping tool.

[0016] An advantage of the described method is that the at least partial fixing of the flange will help to improve the joint of the two plastic parts to each other and improve the quality and structural strength of the final product.

[0017] In an example of the method, securing the at least portion of the flange to a fixed position of a respective clamping tool is achieved by providing a respective alignment blade in a guide channel disposed through each of a respective first tool tip and a second tool tip, and by moving the alignment blade along the guide channel so as to protrude through an exit end of the guide channel to an active position in which the alignment blade is in fixed engagement with a portion of the flange of the first plastic component and the second plastic component, respectively.

[0018] This is an advantageous way of achieving the object of the invention, which allows conventional plastic components to be used and joined without any adaptation of the plastic components being necessary.

[0019] In an example of the method, each alignment blade in the active position is configured to extend outwardly away from a wall of a corresponding plastic component into engaging contact with an edge of a corresponding flange, the edge forming an outer portion of the flange, wherein a recessed portion is formed between the wall of the plastic component and the edge, and wherein the first tool tip and the second tool tip are positioned in the corresponding recessed portions in steps (b) to (f), respectively.

[0020] By applying the alignment blade into the rim, the fixing step does not have any impact on the final product, since the rim is an external part that does not really affect the structural strength of the final product.

[0021] In an example of the method, the gripping tool is maintained in the fixed position relative to the flange at least during steps (e) and (f).

[0022] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a welding arrangement for producing a plastic product by welding a first plastic component and a second plastic component to each other, the welding arrangement comprising:

[0023] - a first gripping tool, said first gripping tool being adapted to act on a flange of said first plastic component,

[0024] a second gripping tool for acting on a flange of the second plastic component, the first gripping tool and / or the second gripping tool being movable towards each other into an interaction position,

[0025] a heating plate for heating an interface portion of the flange, the heating plate being insertable into position between the first gripping tool and the second gripping tool, wherein the first gripping tool and the second gripping tool in the interaction position are configured to:

[0026] clamping the interface portion of the flanges of the first and second plastic components against the heating plate to heat the interface portion when the heating plate is positioned between the first and second clamping tools, and

[0027] clamping the interface portions of the flanges of the first and second plastic components toward each other to join the first and second plastic components to each other when the heating plate is not positioned between the first and second clamping tools,

[0028] The first clamping tool and the second clamping tool include respective first and second tool tips, and the respective first and second tool tips are used to fix the flanges of the first plastic component and the second plastic component to the respective first and second clamping tools, so that the first and second clamping tools can be moved away from the interaction position with the flanges of the first and second plastic components fixed to the respective clamping tools.

[0029] Compared to conventional gripping tools, adapting the tool tip is sufficient to achieve the advantages of the invention.

[0030] In an example of the welding arrangement, the flanges of the first and second plastic components include corresponding recessed portions, the corresponding first and second tool tips of the first and second clamping tools are respectively arranged to be received in the corresponding recessed portions, and wherein movable alignment blades are arranged at the corresponding first and second tool tips, each tool tip including a guide channel for guiding the corresponding movable alignment blade, the guide channel having an outlet end, an outer end of the alignment blade being arranged to extend from the outlet end toward the edge of the flange relative to the corresponding first and second tool tips, the alignment blade being movable between a rest position and an active position, in which the alignment blade is configured to be in engaging contact with the edge of the flange.

[0031] In an example of the welding arrangement, the guide channel includes a curved portion located in a portion of the tool tip configured to be positioned inside the recess between the wall and the opposing edge, the curved portion being configured to bend the outer end of the alignment blade toward the edge of the flange when in the active position.

[0032] This allows the alignment blade, which is preferably resilient, to bend toward the edge so as to cut into the edge in a direction that ensures a good joint. The joint effect will be better if the angle of inclination between the edge of the joining blade and the edge is increased, but at a small angle (e.g., 10 degrees), the joint effect will have a positive effect. In the example of the welding arrangement, the outer end of the alignment blade has an edge that is configured to cut into the edge to fix the edge relative to the tool tip of the clamping tool. The edge can be sharp.

[0033] According to a third aspect, the present invention relates to a plastic product as produced by the method described above.

[0034] In particular, the plastic product may be a container configured to hold a liquid, such as a container for cooling water, windshield washer fluid, or the like.

[0035] According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a vehicle comprising a plastic product as described above.

[0036] Other embodiments and advantages will be apparent from the detailed description and accompanying drawings.It should be understood that all of the various examples of methods and welding arrangements as disclosed herein are also applicable to plastic products produced by the methods as described herein, and to vehicles including such plastic products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an example of a plastic product that can be produced according to the invention,

[0039] Figure 2 Shown Figure 1 Detailed view of a part of a plastic product,

[0040] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an example of a plastic product that can be produced according to the present invention,

[0041] Figure 4 Shown Figure 3 Rotating detail view of Segment IV in

[0042] Figure 5 Shown Figure 3 Detailed view of segment V in , and

[0043] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a method for producing a plastic product according to an example of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Now will more fully describe the various aspects of the present invention. Throughout the specification, like reference numerals refer to like elements. For the sake of brevity and / or clarity, well-known functions or configurations will not necessarily be described in detail.

[0045] exist Figure 1 , a plastic product 10 according to the invention is shown. The plastic product 10 is produced by welding two complementary plastic parts 11 and 21 to each other along their flanges 12 and 22, respectively. The flanges 12 and 22 extend along the length of the respective perimeters of the walls 17 and 27 of the plastic parts 11 and 21, respectively.

[0046] The plastic product 10 may typically be used as a container in a vehicle for, for example, cooling water, windshield washer fluid, or the like.

[0047] exist Figure 2 In the figure, it is shown in detail Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a portion of a plastic product 10 in which the shapes of flanges 12 and 22 are visible. The flanges 12 and 22 are joined to each other at opposing interface portions 13 and 23.

[0048] In the portions of the flanges 12 and 22 extending outside the walls 17 and 27 of the plastic product 10 , the rims 15 , 25 are arranged such that recessed portions 14 , 24 are formed between the rims 15 , 25 and the walls 17 and 27 of the respective first and second plastic parts 11 , 21 .

[0049] exist Figure 3, a cross-sectional view of an example of a plastic product produced according to the present invention is shown.

[0050] exist Figure 4 In the Figure 3 Detailed view of part IV in FIG. 1 and showing the interface between the flanges 12 and 22 of the respective first and second plastic parts 11 and 21. The view is relative to Figure 3 The view shown in is rotated 90 degrees clockwise.

[0051] Interface portions 13 and 23 include protruding materials that are configured to be heated, at least partially melted, and bonded to each other, as described below with reference to Figure 6 As stated.

[0052] It should be noted that the flanges 12 and 22 as illustrated in the drawings are of conventional type already used in the art. Thus, the present invention is based in part on how the geometry of these flanges 12 and 22 can be exploited to optimize the welding process.

[0053] exist Figure 5 In the Figure 3 Detailed view of portion V in FIG. 1 and illustrating the interface between flanges 12 and 22 when arranged in first and second holding tools 30 and 40, respectively.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown in FIG, the first clamping tool 30 and the second clamping tool 40 include respective tool tips 31 and 41, which are used to fix the respective flanges 12 and 22 of the first plastic component 11 and the second plastic component 21 to the respective clamping tools 30, 40, so that the first clamping tool 30 and the second clamping tool 40 can be moved away from the interaction position with the flanges 12, 22 of the first plastic component 11 and the second plastic component 21 fixed to the respective clamping tools 30, 40.

[0055] In the embodiment shown, the flanges 12 , 22 of both the first and second plastic products 11 , 21 comprise recessed portions 14 , 24 in which respective tool tips 31 , 41 of the first and second gripping tools 30 , 40 , respectively, are arranged to be received.

[0056] The tool tip 31, 41 further comprises a respective guide channel 32, 42 for guiding a movable alignment blade 33, 43. Each guide channel 32, 42 comprises an outlet end 34, 44, from which an outer end 35, 45 of the alignment blade 33, 43 is arranged to extend toward the edge 15, 25 of the flange 12, 22 of the plastic product 11, 21 outside the respective recessed portion 14, 24. The alignment blade 33, 43 is movable relative to the tool tip 31, 41 between a rest position and an active position in which it is in engaging contact with the edge 15, 25 of the flange 12, 22.

[0057] In the illustrated embodiment, the outer end 35 , 45 of each alignment blade 33 , 43 has an edge 36 , 46 configured to cut into the rim 15 , 25 to secure the rim 15 , 25 relative to the tool tip 31 , 41 of the clamping tool 30 , 40 .

[0058] At an opposite end of the aligning blade 33, 43, an arrangement (not shown) for manipulating the aligning blade 33, 43 between a rest position and an active position is provided.

[0059] exist Figure 5 In FIG. 2 , both alignment blades 33 , 43 are located in an active position in which their respective edges 36 , 46 cut into the rims 15 , 25 of the flanges 12 , 22 .

[0060] The alignment blades 33, 43 are preferably resilient and are configured to follow the shape of the guide channels 32, 42. The alignment blades 33, 43 are preferably made of a thin steel material.

[0061] In the embodiment shown, the guide channel 32, 42 has a straight portion 37, 47 in which the alignment blade 33, 43 can slide unhindered, and a curved portion 38, 48 located in the portion of the tool tip 31, 41, which is configured to be positioned inside the recess 14, 24 between the wall 17, 27 and the opposite edge 15, 25.

[0062] Thus, in the rest position, the alignment blade 33,43 is positioned so that its outer end 35,45 will be located inside the outlet end 34,44 of the guide channel 32,42, preferably in the straight portion 37,47 or possibly in the curved portion 38,48 of the guide channel 32,42.

[0063] When the alignment blade 33, 43 moves from the rest position to the active position, the alignment blade 33, 43 will follow the shape of the guide channel 32, 42, so that its outer end 35, 45 will bend and the edge 36, 46 will point to the side as it moves along the curved portion 38, 48. In the embodiment shown, the curved portion 38, 48 is curved outwardly so that the edge 36, 46 will point outwardly so that it will engage the rim 15, 25 of the corresponding plastic component 11, 21 when it protrudes from the outlet end 34, 44 of the guide channel 32, 42.

[0064] The angle of inclination between the edges 36, 46 of the engaging blades 33, 43 and the rims 15, 25 will depend inter alia on the configuration of the curved portions 38, 48 and the resilience of the engaging blades 33, 43 and can be tested by a person skilled in the art to suit the specifications of the overall arrangement.

[0065] Now, reference Figure 6 , a method for producing a plastic product 10 will be described. The method comprises steps (a) to (h) as shown in the accompanying drawings. For the sake of clarity, not all reference numerals are depicted in all parts of the representation.

[0066] In step (a), a first plastic component 11 and a second plastic component 21 are provided to be joined to form a plastic product 10. The plastic components 11, 21 comprise flanges 12, 22 to be joined to each other along respective interface portions 13, 23, such as Figure 4 and 5 As shown in .

[0067] In step (b), the first plastic component 11 is arranged in a first holding tool 30 and the second plastic component 21 is arranged in a second holding tool 40, the holding tools 30 and 40 comprising respective first and second tool tips 31, 41 configured to interact with the flanges 12, 21 of the respective plastic components 11 and 21.

[0068] In step (c), a heat source 50 is inserted between the first plastic component 11 and the second plastic component 21, and in a subsequent step (d), the interface portions 13, 23 of the flanges 12, 22 are clamped against the heat source 50 by applying a pressure F to melt the interface portions 13, 23 at least partially by the first clamping tool and the second clamping tool 40.

[0069] In conjunction with step (b), (c) or (d), at least part of the flanges 12, 22 are fixed to the respective clamping means 30, 40 in a fixed position. The purpose of this fixing is to prevent deformation of the plastic products 11 and 21, in particular the flanges 12, 22 thereof. By fixing the flanges 12, 22 and maintaining the desired shape of the plastic products 11 and 21, the subsequent step of joining the plastic products 11 and 21 to each other will be as efficient as possible. Figure 5 In the embodiment shown in the figure, fixing is achieved by moving the alignment blades 33, 43 into the active position shown, in which the sharp edge 36, 46 of each alignment blade 33, 43 cuts into the edge 15, 25 of the flange 12, 22 to fix the edge 15, 25 to the corresponding tool tip 31, 41 of the clamping tool 30, 40.

[0070] In step (e), the first and second plastic components 11, 21 are removed from the heat source 50 and the heat source is removed from between the plastic components 11, 21 with the flanges 12, 22 in a fixed position relative to the holding tool 30, 40, wherein the fixed position ensures that the flanges 12, 22, or at least critical portions thereof, remain fixed to the tool tips 31, 41 and therefore do not deform.

[0071] Subsequently, in step (f), with the flanges 12 , 22 still in the fixed position, the interface portions 13 , 23 of the flanges 12 , 22 are moved into contact with each other.

[0072] In addition, also in step (f), the interface portions 13, 23 of the flanges 12, 22 (which are still warm due to the heating in step (d)) are clamped against each other by applying pressure F to bond the at least partially melted interface portions 13, 23 of the first flange 11 and the second flange 21 to each other.

[0073] The flanges 12, 22 may be removed from the secured position before, during or after the clamping stage of step (f).

[0074] However, preferably the flanges 12 , 22 should be in a fixed position when the first and second plastic components 11 , 21 are removed from the heat source 50 until they have come into contact with each other.

[0075] In a concluding step (g), the produced plastic product 10 is released from the first and second holding tools 30, 40 and is ready for use or for post-processing, if any.

[0076] As from Figure 3As is apparent from the above description, the plastic welding arrangement comprises a first clamping tool 30 and a second clamping tool 40 for acting on the flanges 12 , 22 of the first plastic component 11 and the second plastic component 21 , respectively.

[0077] The first gripping tool 30 and / or the second gripping tool 40 can be moved towards each other into an interaction position. Thus, the first gripping tool 30 or the second gripping tool 40 can be moved away from each other and towards each other, or both can be moved back and forth with each other.

[0078] The welding arrangement further includes a heating plate 50 for heating the interface portions 13, 23 of the flanges 12, 22. The heating plate 50 can be inserted into a position between the first clamping tool 30 and the second clamping tool 40 so that the first clamping tool 30 and the second clamping tool 40 can clamp the interface portions 13, 23 of the flanges 12, 22 of the first plastic component 11 and the second plastic component 21 against opposite sides of the heating plate 50 to heat the interface portions 13, 23. As a result, both sides of the heating plate 50 are heated.

[0079] The heating plate may contain the heat source, or may be heated in an auxiliary heating arrangement before being put into use.

[0080] When the heating plate 50 is not positioned between the clamping tools 30 , 40 , the clamping tools 30 , 40 are configured to clamp the interface portions 13 , 23 of the flanges 12 , 22 of the first and second plastic components toward each other to join them to each other.

[0081] Other embodiments can of course achieve a similar effect of securing the flange of the plastic component to the clamping tool. For example, the clamping tool can include a wedge arrangement, wherein a wedge can be fed through the tool tip 31, 41 to widen a portion of the tool tip 31, 41 to achieve engaging contact with the recessed portion 14, 24 of the flange 12, 22.

[0082] The present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other embodiments are possible within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing a plastic product (10), comprising the following steps: (a) providing a first plastic component (11) and a second plastic component (21) to be joined into a plastic product (10), the first plastic component and the second plastic component (11, 21) comprising flanges (12, 22) to be welded to each other along respective interface portions (13, 23), (b) arranging the first plastic component (11) in a first holding tool (30), the first holding tool (30) comprising a first tool tip (31) configured to interact with the flange (12) of the first plastic component (11), and arranging the second plastic component (21) in a second holding tool (40), the second holding tool (40) comprising a second tool tip (41) configured to interact with the flange (22) of the second plastic component (21), fixing at least a portion of the flange (12, 22) to a respective first tool tip and a second tool tip (31, 41) of the holding tool (30, 40) in a fixed position, (c) inserting a heat source (50) between the first holding tool and the second holding tool (30, 40), (d) clamping the interface portion (13, 23) of the flange (12, 22) against the heat source (50) by the first clamping tool and the second clamping tool (30, 40) to at least partially melt the interface portion (13, 23), (e) removing the first and second plastic components (11, 21) from the heat source (50) with the at least portion of the flange (12, 22) in the fixed position, (f) with the at least portion of the flange (12, 22) in the fixed position, moving the interface portions (13, 23) of the flanges (12, 22) into contact with each other, (f) clamping the interface portions (13, 23) of the flanges (12, 22) against each other so as to bond the at least partially melted interface portions (13, 23) of the first and second flanges (11, 21) to each other, and (g) releasing the produced plastic product (10) from the first and second gripping tools (30, 40).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein securing the at least portion of the flange (12, 22) to the respective clamping tool (30, 40) in a fixed position is achieved by providing a respective alignment blade (33, 43) in a guide channel (32, 42) arranged through each of the respective first and second tool tips (31, 41), and moving the alignment blade (33, 43) along the guide channel (32, 42) so as to protrude through an outlet end (34, 44) of the guide channel (32, 42) to an active position in which the alignment blade is in fixed engagement with a portion of the flange (12, 22) of the first and second plastic components (11, 21), respectively.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each alignment blade ( 33 , 43 ) in the active position is configured to extend outwardly away from a wall ( 17 , 27 ) of the corresponding plastic component ( 11 , 21 ) into engaging contact with an edge ( 15 , 25 ) of the corresponding flange ( 12 , 22 ), the edge ( 15 , 25 ) forming an outer portion of the flange ( 12 , 22 ), wherein a recessed portion ( 14 , 24 ) is formed between the wall ( 17 , 27 ) of the plastic component ( 11 , 21 ) and the edge ( 15 , 25 ), and wherein the first tool tip and the second tool tip ( 31 , 41 ) are positioned in the respective recessed portions ( 14 , 24 ) in steps (b) to (f), respectively.

4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the gripping tool (30, 40) remains in the fixed position relative to the flange (12, 22) at least during steps (e) and (f).

5. A welding arrangement for producing a plastic product (10) by welding a first plastic component and a second plastic component (11, 21) to each other, the welding arrangement comprising: - a first gripping tool (30) for acting on the flange (12) of the first plastic component (11), a second gripping tool (40) for acting on the flange (22) of the second plastic component (21), the first gripping tool (30) and / or the second gripping tool (40) being movable towards each other into an interaction position, a heating plate (50) for heating an interface portion (13, 23) of the flange (12, 22), the heating plate (50) being insertable into position between the first and second gripping tools (30, 40), wherein the first and second gripping tools (30, 40) in the interaction position are configured to: When the heating plate (50) is positioned between the first clamping tool and the second clamping tool (30, 40), the interface portion (13, 23) of the flanges (12, 22) of the first plastic component (11) and the second plastic component (21) is clamped against the heating plate (50) to heat the interface portion (13, 23), and clamping the interface portions (13, 23) of the flanges (12, 22) of the first and second plastic components (11, 21) toward each other to join them to each other when the heating plate (50) is not positioned between the first and second clamping tools (30, 40), The first clamping tool and the second clamping tool (30, 40) comprise respective first and second tool tips (31, 41), and the respective first and second tool tips are used to fix the flanges (12, 22) of the first and second plastic components (11, 21) to the respective first and second clamping tools (30, 40), so that the first and second clamping tools (30, 40) can be moved away from the interaction position with the flanges (12, 22) of the first and second plastic components (11, 21) fixed to the respective clamping tools (30, 40).

6. The welding arrangement according to claim 5 , wherein the flanges ( 12 , 22 ) of the first and second plastic components ( 11 , 21 ) comprise respective recessed portions ( 14 , 24 ), the respective first and second tool tips ( 31 , 41 ) of the first and second holding tools ( 30 , 40 ) being arranged to be received in the respective recessed portions, and wherein movable alignment blades ( 33 , 43 ) are arranged at the respective first and second tool tips ( 31 , 41 ), each tool tip ( 31 , 41 ) comprising a guide for guiding the respective movable The invention relates to a guide channel (32, 42) of an alignment blade (33, 43), the guide channel (32, 42) having an outlet end (34, 44), the outer end (35, 45) of the alignment blade (33, 43) being arranged to extend from the outlet end toward the edge (15, 25) of the flange (12, 22) relative to the respective first and second tool tips (31, 41), the alignment blade (33, 43) being movable between a rest position and an active position, in which the alignment blade is configured to be in engaging contact with the edge (15, 25) of the flange (12, 22).

7. The welding arrangement of claim 6 , wherein the guide channel ( 32 , 42 ) includes a curved portion ( 38 , 48 ) in a portion of the tool tip ( 31 , 41 ) configured to be positioned inside the recess ( 14 , 24 ) between the wall ( 17 , 27 ) and an opposing edge ( 15 , 25 ), the curved portion ( 38 , 48 ) being configured to bend the outer end ( 35 , 45 ) of the alignment blade ( 33 , 43 ) toward the edge ( 15 , 25 ) of the flange ( 12 , 22 ) when in the active position.

8. A welding arrangement according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the outer end (35, 45) of the alignment blade (33, 43) has an edge (36, 46) configured to cut into the rim (15, 25) to fix the rim (15, 25) relative to the tool tip (31, 41) of the clamping tool (30, 40).

9. A plastic product (10) produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. The plastic product (10) according to claim 9, wherein the plastic product (10) is a container configured to contain a liquid.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises at least one plastic product (10) according to claim 9 or 10.

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