Kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system

Abstract

The invention provides a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system, and belongs to the technical field of fire simulation and the technical field of microscopic particle analysis. The system comprises a cover body, wherein a closed operation space is formed in the cover body; the heating assembly is located in the cover body and used for electrically heating the experimental sample, the experimental sample generates aerosol particles after being electrically heated, and the aerogel particles comprise oil smoke particles before combustion of the experimental sample and open fire smoke particles after combustion of the experimental sample; the aerosol particle collecting assembly is installed on the cover body, located above the heating assembly and used for collecting aerosol particles; and the analysis device is suitable for analyzing the forms of the lampblack particles before combustion and the open fire smoke particles after combustion of the collected experimental samples so as to determine the performance difference between the lampblack particles before combustion and the open fire smoke particles after combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of fire simulation and microscopic particle analysis, and in particular to a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system. Background Art

[0002] Photoelectric smoke detectors are a low-cost, widely used point-type smoke detector. They are an effective means of fire prevention and can alarm fires in the early stages, buying more time for people to escape and extinguish fires.

[0003] However, photoelectric smoke detectors suffer from a high false alarm rate and are susceptible to interference from non-fire aerosol particles such as water vapor, dust, and soot. Traditional detection standards pay little attention to the interference of soot particles because the specified smoke detector installation environments generally do not cover areas such as kitchens and boiler rooms. False alarms in these areas continue to plague industry personnel, consuming significant human and material resources while also reducing people's awareness of fire and their trust in automatic alarm systems, thereby increasing fire risks. To improve the anti-interference capabilities of photoelectric smoke detectors, relevant smoke detector safety standards have introduced higher detection requirements, which undoubtedly limits their application.

[0004] Photoelectric smoke detectors typically use the interaction between light and smoke particles to identify smoke produced in the early stages of a fire. These detectors primarily utilize light scattering and light absorption methods. Home cooking activities (frying, stir-frying, deep-frying, etc.) often involve the use of various oils. Heating oils produces aerosol particles, which include both pre-combustion oil smoke particles and post-combustion flame smoke particles. Pre-combustion oil smoke particles primarily exist in liquid form. The light scattering behavior of oil smoke particles is influenced by multiple factors, including particle morphology, size, size distribution, and refractive index. This is a complex process influenced by the coupling of multiple factors.

[0005] In the relevant kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation system, the collection of relevant microscopic particles is mainly concentrated on the open flame smoke particles after combustion. The collection and analysis methods of liquid oil fume particles before combustion are still unclear, and there is a lack of further analysis of the aerosol particles generated during the process of kitchen fire from heating, ignition to extinction; kitchen fire smoke particle samples are mainly collected by heating cooking oil with liquefied gas cylinders (directly ignited flames). The open flame smoke particles generated by heating liquefied gas cylinders will interfere with the collection of aerosol particles in the experiment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a fire spread experimental device and method for simulating multiple climate parameters and data analysis.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] As one aspect of the present invention, a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system is provided, the system comprising: a cover body, wherein a closed operating space is formed within the cover body; a heating assembly, located within the cover body, and configured to electrically heat an experimental sample, wherein the experimental sample generates aerosol particles after electrical heating, wherein the aerogel particles comprise oil fume particles before combustion of the experimental sample and open flame smoke particles after combustion; an aerosol particle collection assembly, mounted on the cover body and located above the heating assembly, and configured to collect aerosol particles; and an analysis device, adapted to analyze the morphology of the collected oil fume particles before combustion and open flame smoke particles after combustion of the experimental sample, so as to determine the performance difference between the oil fume particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system further includes a flow stabilization component for providing an upwardly blowing air flow to blow the aerosol particles toward the aerosol particle collection component and provide air for the combustion of the experimental sample. The flow stabilization component includes: an annular air supply pipe located outside the heating component, the annular air supply pipe including an annular tube body and an exhaust hole located on the annular tube body, through which the air flow in the annular tube body is discharged; and an annular flow stabilization honeycomb plate located above the annular air supply pipe for receiving the air flow discharged from the annular air supply pipe and uniformly distributing the air flow discharged from the annular air supply pipe.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple exhaust holes, evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular tube. The annular flow-stabilizing honeycomb panel comprises at least one annular plate body, each of which has through holes extending therethrough, the through holes being oriented perpendicular to the plate surface. There are multiple through holes, evenly distributed along the circumference and radial directions of the annular plate body.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned aerosol particle collection assembly includes: a mounting seat, which is detachably mounted on the above-mentioned cover body; a accommodating cylinder, which is mounted on the above-mentioned mounting seat and extends into the above-mentioned cover body; a smoke collection rod, which is telescopically mounted in the above-mentioned accommodating cylinder; and a driving mechanism, which is mounted on the above-mentioned mounting seat and is configured to drive the above-mentioned smoke collection rod to be telescopic relative to the above-mentioned smoke collection rod.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol particle collection assembly further includes a sampling membrane, which is detachably mounted on the smoke sampling rod for collecting aerosol particles.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned analysis device includes: an acquisition module, which is used to obtain the morphological information of multiple groups of aerosol particles collected by the above-mentioned aerosol particle collection component, the morphological information of the above-mentioned aerosol particles includes the diameter of the aerosol particles, and the morphological information of the above-mentioned multiple groups of aerosol particles includes the morphological information of at least one group of aerosol particles before combustion and the morphological information of at least one group of open flame smoke particles after combustion; an acquisition module, which is used to obtain the initial morphological information of each group of aerosol particles according to the morphological information of each group of aerosol particles, the initial morphological information of the aerosol particles is used to characterize the morphological information of the above-mentioned aerosol particles before contact with the above-mentioned aerosol particle collection component, and the initial morphological information of the aerosol particles includes the initial particle size distribution information of the aerosol particles; a determination module, which is used to determine the performance difference between the above-mentioned oil smoke particles before combustion and the above-mentioned open flame smoke particles after combustion according to the initial morphological information of the above-mentioned each group of aerosol particles.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each group of oil smoke particles has a plurality of oil smoke particles.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the case where the above-mentioned aerosol particles are oil fume particles before combustion of the experimental sample, for each group of oil fume particles, the initial particle size distribution information of the oil fume particles is obtained based on the morphological information of the oil fume particles, including: obtaining the initial particle sizes of multiple oil fume particles based on the morphological information of multiple oil fume particles; obtaining the initial particle size distribution information of the oil fume particles based on the initial particle sizes of the above-mentioned multiple oil fume particles.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the initial particle size of the oil smoke particles is obtained according to the morphological information of the oil smoke particles using the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] is the initial particle size of the oil smoke particles before they come into contact with the aerosol particle collection component. is the contact angle of oil smoke particles on the aerosol particle collection component, It is the spreading diameter of the oil smoke particles after they come into contact with the aerosol particle collection component.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the morphological information of the aerosol particles further includes the state of the aerosol particles. The initial morphological information of the aerosol particles further includes initial shape information of the aerosol particles.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned determination module includes: a simulation unit, which is used to simulate the light scattering information of each group of aerosol particles based on the initial morphology information and the initial particle size distribution information of each group of aerosol particles; a determination unit, which is used to determine the difference in light scattering performance between the above-mentioned oil smoke particles before combustion and the above-mentioned open flame smoke particles after combustion based on the light scattering information of each group of aerosol particles and the state of each group of aerosol particles.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system also includes a parameter measurement device, which includes: a temperature measurement component for obtaining the temperature of the above-mentioned experimental sample and / or the temperature of the flame; a mass measurement component for obtaining the mass loss of the above-mentioned experimental sample; and an image acquisition component for obtaining fire combustion behavior image data of the above-mentioned experimental sample.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by adopting electric heating to heat the experimental sample, the heating component will not generate flames to interfere with the experiment, so that the aerosol particles generated by the experimental sample after heating are not affected by the open flame particles generated by the flame. At the same time, the overall combustion behavior of the experimental sample (for example, kitchen oil, etc.) from evaporation, ignition, combustion to extinction can be studied; by analyzing the morphology of the oil fume particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion, the performance difference between the oil fume particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion is determined, which can provide data support and theoretical guidance for improving the accuracy of fire detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0024] Figure 2 A front perspective view of a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 3 A three-dimensional perspective view of a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 4 A perspective view showing a heating assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0027] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of an aerosol particle collection assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6A A perspective view of a flow stabilizing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 6Bshows a perspective view of an annular air supply pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6C A perspective view of an annular flow-stabilizing honeycomb panel according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 7 shows a structural block diagram of an analysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It shows a structural block diagram of a determination module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 Shows a structural block diagram of a parameter measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10A shows images of cooking oil ignition and combustion stages according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10B Shows images of the ignition and combustion stages of n-heptane according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11A An image of oil smoke particles collected before cooking oil combustion obtained through a scanning electron microscope according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 11B An image of smoke particles from burning cooking oil collected using a scanning electron microscope according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0038] In the above drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0039] 100-hood body;

[0040] 200-heating component;

[0041] 210-heating furnace;

[0042] 220-high temperature resistant cast iron pot;

[0043] 221-ring resistance wire;

[0044] 212-fireproof cotton;

[0045] 213-power supply;

[0046] 214-fireproof tin foil;

[0047] 215-positive connection electrode;

[0048] 216-negative wiring electrode;

[0049] 230-power controller;

[0050] 300-aerosol particle collection component;

[0051] 310-mounting seat;

[0052] 320-accommodation cylinder;

[0053] 330-smoke collecting rod;

[0054] 340- driving mechanism;

[0055] 341-three-way reversing valve;

[0056] 3411-control lever;

[0057] 342-Reversing components;

[0058] 343-first connecting pipe;

[0059] 344-second connecting pipe;

[0060] 345-Power compressed gas cylinder;

[0061] 350-sampling membrane;

[0062] 400-Analysis device;

[0063] Acquisition module 410;

[0064] Obtain module 420;

[0065] Determination module 430;

[0066] simulation unit 431;

[0067] Determining unit 432;

[0068] 500- steady flow component;

[0069] 510-annular air supply pipe;

[0070] 511-annular tube body;

[0071] 512-exhaust hole;

[0072] 520-annular flow-stabilizing honeycomb panel;

[0073] 521-annular plate;

[0074] 522-through hole;

[0075] 530-compressed gas cylinder for gas supply;

[0076] 531-pressure reducing valve;

[0077] 540-Exhaust components;

[0078] 541-Exhaust controller;

[0079] 550- steady flow barrel;

[0080] 600-parameter measurement device;

[0081] 610-temperature measurement component;

[0082] 611-Thermocouple control module;

[0083] 612-Thermocouple power module;

[0084] 613-temperature signal acquisition module;

[0085] 614-Temperature Analysis Computer;

[0086] 620-Mass measurement component;

[0087] 621-quality signal acquisition module;

[0088] 622-Quality Analysis Computer;

[0089] 630-Image acquisition component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.

[0091] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "comprising" used herein indicates the existence of features, steps, operations, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features.

[0092] When expressions such as “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” should include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, and C, etc.). When expressions such as “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” are used, they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” should include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, and C, etc.).

[0093] Cooking oil is prone to spontaneous combustion in kitchens, posing a significant safety hazard. In existing kitchen fire simulation systems, microscopic particle collection primarily focuses on the smoke particles from the open flames following oil combustion. Methods for collecting and analyzing oil smoke particles before combustion are unclear, and further analysis of aerosol particles generated during kitchen fires, from heating to ignition and extinction, is lacking. Kitchen fire smoke particle samples are primarily collected by heating cooking oil with a liquefied gas cylinder (directly ignited by flame). The smoke particles generated by the open flames of the liquefied gas cylinder can interfere with the aerosol particle collection process.

[0094] Therefore, there is an urgent need to build a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system to study the overall combustion behavior of kitchen oil evaporation, ignition, combustion to extinction, as well as the aerosol particles generated.

[0095] In view of this, the present invention provides a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system. Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a structural block diagram of a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system includes a cover 100 , a heating component 200 , an aerosol particle collection component 300 and an analysis device 400 .

[0096] A closed operating space is formed in the cover body 100 .

[0097] The heating component 200 is located in the cover 100 and is used to electrically heat the experimental sample. After the experimental sample is electrically heated, oil aerosol particles are generated. The aerogel particles include oil smoke particles before the experimental sample is burned and open flame smoke particles after the combustion.

[0098] The aerosol particle collecting assembly 300 is mounted on the cover 100 and located above the heating assembly 200 for collecting aerosol particles.

[0099] The analysis device 400 is suitable for analyzing the morphology of the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion of the collected experimental samples to determine the performance difference between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion.

[0100] It should be noted that the oil smoke particles of the experimental samples before combustion mainly exist in liquid form, while the open flame smoke particles after combustion mainly exist in solid form.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by adopting electric heating to heat the experimental sample, the heating component will not generate flames to interfere with the experiment, so that the aerosol particles generated by the experimental sample after heating are not affected by the open flame particles generated by the flame. At the same time, the overall combustion behavior of the experimental sample (for example, kitchen oil, etc.) from evaporation without combustion, ignition, and combustion to extinction can be studied; by analyzing the morphology of the oil fume particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion, the performance difference between the oil fume particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion can be determined, which can provide data support and theoretical guidance for improving the accuracy of fire detection.

[0102] The kitchen fire combustion behavior and aerosol particle analysis system provided in the embodiment of the present invention can simulate kitchen fire combustion behavior and provide reliable devices and technologies for the collection and particle size analysis of aerosol particles. This system has the advantages of simple structure and operation and a high safety factor.

[0103] Reference below Figures 2 to 5 , combined with specific embodiments Figure 1 The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system are shown for further explanation.

[0104] in, Figure 2 A front perspective view of a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 FIG2 shows a three-dimensional perspective view of a kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a heating assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 A perspective view of an aerosol particle collection assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0105] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the system includes a cover body 100, and a closed operating space is formed inside the cover body 100. The cover body 100 can be composed of a wall. Any wall with a flame retardant function can constitute the cover body 100 of the embodiment of the present invention. The present invention does not specifically limit the structure of the wall constituting the cover body 100, as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. For example, the wall can be composed of a metal plate, specifically, it can be composed of an iron plate. The cover body 100 can also be composed of an insulating wall. Any insulating wall with a thermal insulation and flame retardant function can constitute the cover body 100 of the embodiment of the present invention. The present invention does not limit the structure of the insulating wall constituting the cover body 100. For example, the wall can be composed of a three-layer structure of "metal plate-flame retardant insulation material-metal plate", specifically, it can be composed of a three-layer structure of "iron plate-flame retardant insulation material-iron plate".

[0106] The present invention does not impose any particular limitations on the heating assembly 200, as long as it can achieve the objectives of the present invention. For example, the present invention can utilize an electric furnace heating method, which inherently does not produce flames that interfere with the experiment. Furthermore, this experiment requires heating the cooking oil until it ignites and burns completely. Considering the long-term exposure to high temperatures, using an electric furnace heating method can provide a simulated kitchen cooking environment while ensuring experimental safety.

[0107] For example, Figure 4 As shown, the heating assembly 200 includes a heating furnace 210, a high-temperature resistant cast iron pot 220, and a power controller 230. The furnace 210 can provide a constant, adjustable heating power of 0-5 kW via the controller 230. The high-temperature resistant cast iron pot 220 has better heat resistance than ordinary iron pots, effectively preventing deformation or even softening of the pot body caused by the excessive temperature of the cooking oil flame. Experimental samples can be placed in the high-temperature resistant cast iron pot 220 for heating. The experimental samples can include n-heptane, soybean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, and lard.

[0108] like Figure 4 As shown, the heating furnace 210 includes a ring-shaped resistance wire 211. To prevent the high-temperature flame radiation from the cooking oil fire, which could cause a short circuit in the positive and negative wiring electrodes 215 and 216, fireproof cotton 212 can be added to the electrodes, and the conductive wire can be wrapped with fireproof tin foil 214 for thermal insulation. A 380V power supply 213 can also be applied to further reduce the current and ensure experimental safety during the simulated cooking oil heating and fire process.

[0109] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the aerosol particle collection assembly 300 may include a mounting base 310 , a receiving tube 320 , a smoke collection rod 330 and a driving mechanism 340 .

[0110] The mounting base 310 is detachably mounted on the housing 100. The receiving tube 320 is mounted on the mounting base 310 and extends into the housing 100. The smoke collecting rod 330 is retractably mounted within the receiving tube 320. A drive mechanism 340 is mounted on the mounting base 310 and is configured to drive the smoke collecting rod 330 to extend and retract relative to the receiving tube 320. This allows for semi-automatic collection of aerosol particles.

[0111] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the driving mechanism 340, as long as the driving mechanism 340 can achieve the purpose of the present invention. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the drive mechanism 340 may include a three-way reversing valve 341, a reversing component 342, a first connecting pipe 343, a second connecting pipe 344, and a power compressed gas cylinder 345. The three-way reversing valve 341 controls the direction of air flow in the reversing component 342, thereby moving the smoke sampling rod 330 into the sampling area to collect aerosol particles. The drive mechanism 340 may also include a control rod 3411 for controlling the three-way reversing valve 341.

[0112] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol particle collection assembly 300 further includes a sampling membrane 350 , which is detachably mounted on the smoke sampling rod 330 for collecting aerosol particles.

[0113] The present invention imposes no particular limitation on the sampling film 350, as long as the objectives of the present invention can be achieved. For example, the sampling film 350 may include a sample-carrying mesh, an organic film, and a carbon film, arranged in sequence. The mesh may be, for example, a copper mesh. The organic film may be, for example, polyvinyl formal.

[0114] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the drive mechanism 340 can be mounted on the housing 100 via a support frame 345, and the smoke sampling rod 330 can be disassembled and fixed by rotation via a nut 311. The sampling membrane 350 can be attached to the center downward position of the head of the smoke sampling rod 330 using double-sided tape, thereby enabling better contact and collection of upward-flowing particles. After collection, the head of the smoke sampling rod 330 can be retracted into the receiving tube 320 to protect the sample and prevent overlap caused by excessive collection of aerosol particles. By turning the control lever 3411 on the three-way reversing valve 341, the direction of the compressed airflow can be controlled, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the smoke sampling rod 330. The aerosol particle collection assembly 300 can semi-automatically collect aerosol particles generated during the experiment, such as oil smoke particles before combustion of the experimental sample and open flame smoke particles after combustion.

[0115] The aerosol particle collection method may include: removing the smoke sampling rod 330, attaching the sampling membrane 350 to the head of the smoke sampling rod 330 using double-sided tape, reinstalling the rod 330, opening the pressure relief valve of the compressed gas cylinder 345 to power the smoke sampling rod, and operating the controller 3411 to ensure proper ventilation of the drive mechanism 340 and the normal collection function. Once the fuel is heated to the target state (e.g., producing white smoke particles / igniting), compressed air is used to propel the smoke sampling rod 330 to collect aerosol particles within the housing 100. For example, the aerosol particle collection time for edible oil is approximately 30 seconds. Operating the control lever 3411 retracts the sampling membrane 350 back into the sealed environment of the containment tube 320 to prevent excessive aerosol particle sample collection.

[0116] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 6A to Figure 6C As shown, the kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system can also include a flow stabilization component 500. The flow stabilization component 500 can be used to provide an upward air flow to blow aerosol particles toward the aerosol particle collection component 300 and provide air for the combustion of the experimental sample. The flow stabilization component 500 can also reduce interference from surrounding sediment and dust.

[0117] Figure 6A A perspective view of a flow stabilizing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6B shows a perspective view of an annular air supply pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6C A perspective view of an annular flow-stabilizing honeycomb panel according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0118] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 6A to Figure 6C As shown, the flow stabilizing assembly 500 may include an annular air supply pipe 510 and an annular flow stabilizing honeycomb panel 520. The annular air supply pipe 510 may be located outside the heating assembly 200. The annular air supply pipe 510 may include an annular tube body 511 and an exhaust hole 512 located on the annular tube body 511. Air within the annular tube body 511 may be discharged through the exhaust hole 512. The annular flow stabilizing honeycomb panel 520 may be located above the annular air supply pipe 510 to receive the air discharged from the annular air supply pipe 510 and uniformly distribute the air discharged from the annular air supply pipe 510. This ensures uniformity in the outlet airflow velocity while providing the air required for sufficient fuel combustion.

[0119] The above-mentioned steady-flow pneumatic kitchen fume particle sampling technology provided by the present invention can achieve stable fume particle collection by optimizing the airflow design, providing a stable and uniform air flow through the steady-flow component 500, and performing pneumatic sampling with the aerosol particle collection component 300.

[0120] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 6A to Figure 6C As shown, there can be multiple exhaust holes 512, and the multiple exhaust holes 512 can be evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular tube body 511. The annular flow-stabilizing honeycomb panel 520 can include at least one layer of annular plate body 521. The annular plate body 521 can be provided with through holes 522 that penetrate the annular plate body. The through holes 522 can be oriented perpendicular to the plate surface of the annular plate body 521. There can be multiple through holes 522, and the multiple through holes 522 can be evenly distributed along the circumference and radial directions of the annular plate body 521. This further ensures the stability and uniformity of the airflow.

[0121] like Figure 6A As shown, the flow stabilizing component 500 may further include a compressed air cylinder 530 for supplying air, and the compressed air cylinder 530 may control the supply of air flow through a pressure reducing valve 531 .

[0122] In addition, if Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, an exhaust component 540, such as an exhaust fan, can also be provided at the end of the exhaust duct of the housing 100 to exhaust the air. The exhaust speed of the exhaust component 540 can be adjusted by an exhaust controller 541, and the wind speed at the center of the flue can be adjusted within the range of 0-2 cm / s.

[0123] Related technologies primarily collect particle collection methods for post-combustion smoke particles. However, the oil smoke particles collected after cooking oil is heated but before it ignites are fire interference particles, which often exist primarily in the form of liquid oil droplets. Methods for collecting and analyzing liquid oil smoke particles are still unclear.

[0124] Figure 7 FIG. 1 shows a structural block diagram of an analysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, the analysis device 400 may include an acquisition module 410 , an obtaining module 420 and a determination module 430 .

[0125] The acquisition module 410 can be used to obtain the morphological information of multiple groups of aerosol particles collected by the aerosol particle collection component 300. The morphological information of the oil smoke particles includes the diameter of the aerosol particles. The morphological information of the multiple groups of aerosol particles includes the morphological information of at least one group of oil smoke particles before combustion and the morphological information of at least one group of open flame smoke particles after combustion.

[0126] The acquisition module 420 can be used to obtain the initial morphological information of each group of aerosol particles based on the morphological information of each group of aerosol particles. The initial morphological information of the aerosol particles is used to characterize the morphological information of the aerosol particles before contact with the aerosol particle collection component 300. The initial morphological information of the aerosol particles includes the initial particle size distribution information of the aerosol particles.

[0127] The determination module 430 may be configured to determine the performance difference between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion based on the initial morphology information of each group of aerosol particles.

[0128] Through the acquisition module 410, the obtaining module 420 and the determination module 430, the performance difference between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion can be determined, providing data support and theoretical guidance for improving the accuracy of fire detection.

[0129] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sampling film 350 can be processed after sampling to obtain a corresponding scanning electron microscope microscopic image, thereby detecting the oil smoke particles on the sampling film 350 and obtaining morphological information of the oil smoke particles on the sampling film 350. The principle of a scanning electron microscope is to scan the sample surface by focusing a high-energy electron beam and detecting signals such as secondary electrons and backscattered electrons to obtain high-resolution surface morphology and composition information. Because smoke particles are non-conductive samples, they must be vacuumed and gold-plated before shooting to ensure the acquisition of clear scanning electron microscope microscopic images.

[0130] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each group of oil smoke particles may have a plurality of oil smoke particles.

[0131] If the aerosol particles are post-combustion flame smoke particles, their morphological information is not affected by contact with the aerosol particle collection assembly 300. Therefore, the initial morphological information of the post-combustion flame smoke particles can be directly obtained through scanning electron microscope microscopic images. The initial diameter of the post-combustion flame smoke particles can be obtained through scanning electron microscope microscopic images.

[0132] If the aerosol particles are pre-combustion oil fume particles, the diameter of the oil fume particles obtained through the scanning electron microscope microscopic image is the spread diameter of the oil fume particles after contact with the aerosol particle collection assembly 300 due to the spreading of the ash. For each group of oil fume particles, obtaining initial particle size distribution information based on the morphological information of the oil fume particles includes: obtaining initial particle sizes of multiple oil fume particles based on the morphological information of the multiple oil fume particles; and obtaining initial particle size distribution information of the oil fume particles based on the initial particle sizes of the multiple oil fume particles.

[0133] The liquid fume particles will spread on the surface of the copper mesh, which can be calculated by assuming that the contact angle between the spherical fume particles collected by the sampling membrane 350 and the surface of the sampling membrane 350 is At the same time, assuming that the spreading liquid oil smoke particles meet the typical spherical segment model, the initial oil droplet diameter d is obtained initial and spreading diameter D spread The approximate relationship between them.

[0134] According to an embodiment of the present invention, for liquid oil smoke particles, the following formula (1) can be used to obtain the initial particle size of the oil smoke particles based on the morphological information of the oil smoke particles:

[0135] (1)

[0136] is the initial particle size of the oil smoke particles before they come into contact with the aerosol particle collection component. is the contact angle of oil smoke particles on the aerosol particle collection component, It is the spreading diameter of the oil smoke particles after they come into contact with the aerosol particle collection component.

[0137] The contact angle of the oil smoke particles on the aerosol particle collection assembly 300 can be determined based on the liquid properties of the oil smoke particles and the surface properties of the aerosol particle collection assembly. In some embodiments, the initial particle size can be further simplified by assuming that the contact angle is ≈30°.

[0138] Furthermore, image processing software, such as Image Pro Plus, can be used to obtain the initial particle size of all collected aerosol particles. Mathematical software, such as MATLAB, can then be used to perform logarithmic distribution curve fitting to obtain the initial particle size distribution information for each group of aerosol particles.

[0139] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the morphological information of aerosol particles also includes the state of the aerosol particles. The state of the aerosol particles can be obtained through scanning electron microscope microscopic images. The state of the aerosol particles can mainly include liquid and solid. The liquid state corresponds to the oil smoke particles before the experimental sample is burned, and the solid state corresponds to the open flame smoke particles after the experimental sample is burned.

[0140] The initial morphological information of aerosol particles also includes initial morphological information of aerosol particles, which may include initial geometric shape, surface features, etc. of aerosol particles.

[0141] Figure 8 FIG. 4 shows a structural block diagram of a determination module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, the determination module 430 may include a simulation unit 431 and a determination unit 432 .

[0142] The determination module 430 may include a simulation unit 431 and a determination unit 432 .

[0143] The simulation unit 431 can be used to simulate and obtain light scattering information of each group of aerosol particles based on the initial morphology information and initial particle size distribution information of each group of aerosol particles.

[0144] The determining unit 432 may be configured to determine the difference in light scattering performance between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion based on the light scattering information of each group of aerosol particles and the state of each group of aerosol particles.

[0145] The difference in light scattering properties between oil smoke particles before combustion and open flame smoke particles after combustion can be determined by the simulation unit 431 and the determination unit 432, thereby providing data support and theoretical guidance for improving the accuracy of fire detection.

[0146] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system further includes a parameter measurement device. Figure 9 FIG. 1 shows a structural block diagram of a parameter measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 As shown, the parameter measurement device 600 may include a temperature measurement component 610 , a quality measurement component 620 and an image acquisition component 630 .

[0147] The temperature measurement component 610 can be used to obtain the temperature of the experimental sample and / or the temperature of the flame. The mass measurement component 620 can be used to obtain the mass loss of the experimental sample. The image acquisition component 630 can be used to obtain image data of the fire combustion behavior of the experimental sample.

[0148] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature measurement component 610 may include a thermocouple, a thermocouple support frame, and a support slide bar. The thermocouple may determine the position of a measurement point through the thermocouple support frame and the support slide bar.

[0149] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the thermocouple, provided that the objectives of the present invention can be achieved. For example, the thermocouple can be a K-type thermocouple made of nickel-chromium alloy, with a diameter of 0.5 mm, a measuring range of 0 to 1200°C, and an accuracy of ±1.5°C, exhibiting advantages such as high sensitivity and good stability. The position of the slide rod can be adjusted using a hexagonal nut and a hexagonal wrench.

[0150] For example, the spacing of the thermocouples can be measured from the horizontal position of the center bottom of the heating component 200, such as the high-temperature resistant cast iron pot 220. The height of the measurement points can be 0.5 cm × 4 = 2 cm, which is used to measure the temperature of the fuel in the cast iron pot. Further upward, 3 cm × 2 = 6 cm and 10 cm × 6 = 60 cm are set to measure the temperature changes of the smoke and flame above the oil surface before and after the fire. Figure 2 As shown, the thermocouple can be connected to the thermocouple control module 611 and the thermocouple power module 612, and then the temperature signal acquisition module 613 is used to collect data to the temperature analysis computer 614 to measure the corresponding measurement point temperature.

[0151] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mass measurement assembly 620 may include an electronic balance and a heat shield. The electronic balance may be placed below the heating assembly 200 via the heat shield, which may isolate most of the flame radiation, thereby maintaining the temperature around the electronic balance within its normal operating range. Figure 2 As shown, the electronic balance can collect data to the mass analysis computer 622 through the mass signal acquisition module 621, thereby measuring the change in the fuel mass loss rate during the combustion process. The temperature analysis computer 614 and the mass analysis computer 622 can be the same computer or different computers.

[0152] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a method for simulating the combustion behavior of a kitchen fire and analyzing aerosol particles is also provided, which is performed using the kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system described above. Figures 1 to 9 The specific method may include operations S10 to S30.

[0153] In operation S10 , a test sample may be placed in the heating assembly 200 , and the heating system may be turned on.

[0154] In operation S20, aerosol particle collection assembly 300 may be used to collect oil fume particles generated by the electrically heated test sample. The collected oil fume particles may include multiple groups of oil fume particles, each of which includes at least one group of oil fume particles from the test sample before combustion and at least one group of flame fume particles from the test sample after combustion. After the test is completed, the heating system and the air circulation system are turned off.

[0155] In operation S30 , the oil smoke particles collected by the aerosol particle collection assembly 300 are analyzed by the molecular device 400 to determine the performance difference between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion.

[0156] Before operation S10, operation S05 is also included. In operation S05, the flow stabilization component 500 can be turned on to provide an upward air flow to blow the aerosol particles toward the aerosol particle collection component 300 and provide air for the combustion of the experimental sample. For example, the exhaust controller 541 and the pressure reducing valve 531 of the compressed air supply cylinder 530 can be opened to continuously introduce air. In this way, the flow stabilization component 500 can be used to provide the cover body 100 with the oxygen required for the combustion of the experimental sample, while forming a certain "air curtain wall" to reduce the interference of sediment and dust from the surrounding mat.

[0157] In operation S20, the smoke sampling rod 330 can be removed, and the sampling membrane 350 can be attached to the head of the smoke sampling rod 330 using double-sided tape. The smoke sampling rod 330 can be replaced and the valve of the power compressed gas cylinder 345 can be opened to provide power to the smoke sampling rod 330. The control lever 3411 can be toggled to ensure that the smoke sampling rod 330 is ventilated normally and the collection function is normal. The sampling membrane 350 at the head of the smoke sampling rod 330 can be made downward, and the collected smoke can be upward due to buoyancy, ensuring that the sampling membrane 350 is in full contact with the collected particles. During the pasting process of the sampling membrane 350, tweezers should be used to take and paste the sampling membrane 350 from the edge as much as possible to reduce damage to the sampling membrane 350. The purpose of this operation is to ensure the normal use of the oil smoke collection device and to prepare for particle collection.

[0158] In operation S20, the electronic balance can also be turned on and tared. A 2 cm thick layer of edible oil, n-heptane, or other experimental samples can be poured into a high-temperature resistant cast iron pot 220 and placed on the heating furnace 210. The cover 100 is closed and the gaps in the cover 100 are sealed with fireproof putty to prevent ambient air from being drawn through the door gap and forming a fire whirlwind-like phenomenon that could interfere with the experiment. The image acquisition component 630 (such as a camera) is turned on, and the temperature measurement component 610 and mass measurement component 620 record real-time experimental data. The heating furnace 210 is turned on and the power can be adjusted to a constant 5 kW. The temperature measurement component 610 is used to obtain information such as the ignition temperature and flue gas temperature of the experimental sample, thereby obtaining the corresponding heating rate. The mass measurement component 620 is used to obtain the mass change rate of the experimental sample, thereby obtaining the corresponding combustion rate of the experimental sample. The image acquisition component 430 is used to obtain changes in the flame structure of the experimental sample during the evaporation, ignition, and combustion stages, thereby better identifying the combustion mode of the experimental sample.

[0159] In operation S20, while the test sample is being heated to the point of ignition, the heating furnace 210 can be quickly turned off. During this period, the test sample is monitored for both pre-ignition and post-ignition states, where clear white smoke appears. The smoke within the housing 100 is collected using the aerosol particle collection assembly 300. The sampled sampling film 350 can be processed to obtain a corresponding scanning electron microscope image to detect the oil smoke particles on the sampling film 350.

[0160] Figure 10A The images of the ignition and combustion stages of cooking oil according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. Figure 10B An image showing the ignition and combustion stages of n-heptane according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0161] In operation S20, when n-heptane fuel is heated to a liquid core temperature of approximately 70°C, distinct white aerosol particles are produced. At this point, the sampling time can be approximately 20 seconds, as the n-heptane liquid core temperature reaches approximately 100°C after approximately 20 seconds, igniting an open flame. When cooking oil fuel is heated to a liquid core temperature of approximately 340°C, distinct white aerosol particles are produced. At this point, there is more time before fire ignition, so the sampling time can be approximately 30 seconds. Figure 11A An image of oil smoke particles collected from edible oil (peanut oil) before combustion, obtained through a scanning electron microscope, according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0162] In operation S20, the open flame smoke particles can be sampled about 2 minutes after the n-heptane fuel is ignited, and the sampling time is about 10 seconds to prevent overlapping caused by excessive collection of particles; the open flame smoke particles can be sampled about 5 minutes after the edible oil fuel is ignited and when the flame is stable, and the sampling time can be about 10 seconds. Figure 11B An image of smoke particles from a burning edible oil (peanut oil) collected according to an embodiment of the present invention, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, is shown.

[0163] In operation S30, you can wait for the fuel to be completely burned out, turn off the flame shooting, temperature, and quality recording, and continue to use the flow stabilization component 500 to wash the cover body 100 to discharge most of the suspended particles in the cover body 100 and prevent interference with the next experiment. At the same time, it accelerates the cooling time of the previous experiment to prepare for the next experiment.

[0164] According to an embodiment of the present invention, based on the kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system of the present invention, the collection of aerosol particles generated by simulated fire combustion behavior can be realized. By analyzing the collected aerosol particles, the performance difference between the oil fume particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion can be determined, providing data support and theoretical guidance for improving the accuracy of fire detection; at the same time, under the premise of ensuring safety, the experimental samples, such as cooking oil, can be heated to a state of heating and ignition, and the key data of the cooking oil heating and ignition, such as the fuel heating and ignition time, the fuel ignition temperature, the flame height, etc., can be obtained based on the parameter measurement device, which is conducive to exploring the fire combustion process of the experimental sample.

[0165] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made to the technical method by any person skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall still be included in the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system, characterized in that: include: A cover body, wherein a closed operating space is formed inside the cover body; A heating assembly is located in the cover and is used to electrically heat the experimental sample. The experimental sample generates aerosol particles after being electrically heated. The aerosol particles include oil smoke particles before combustion of the experimental sample and open flame smoke particles after combustion. an aerosol particle collecting assembly, mounted on the cover and located above the heating assembly, for collecting aerosol particles; and The analyzing device is suitable for analyzing the morphology of the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion of the collected experimental samples to determine the performance difference between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion.

2. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: A flow stabilization component, used for providing an upward blowing air flow to blow aerosol particles toward the aerosol particle collection component and provide air for the combustion of the experimental sample, comprising: an annular air supply pipe, located outside the heating assembly, the annular air supply pipe comprising an annular tube body and an exhaust hole located on the annular tube body, and the air flow in the annular tube body is discharged through the exhaust hole; The annular flow-stabilizing honeycomb plate is located above the annular air supply pipe and is used to receive the air flow discharged from the annular air supply pipe and make the air flow discharged from the annular air supply pipe evenly distributed.

3. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: There are multiple exhaust holes, and the multiple exhaust holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular tube body; The annular flow-stabilizing honeycomb panel comprises at least one annular plate body, and the annular plate body is provided with through holes penetrating the annular plate body, and the direction of the through holes is perpendicular to the plate surface of the annular plate body; There are a plurality of through holes, and the plurality of through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction and the radial direction of the annular plate body.

4. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerosol particle collection component includes: A mounting seat, detachably mounted on the cover body; an accommodating cylinder, mounted on the mounting seat and extending into the cover body; a smoke collecting rod, telescopically mounted in the accommodating tube; and The driving mechanism is mounted on the mounting seat and is configured to drive the smoke collecting rod to extend and retract relative to the accommodating cylinder.

5. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The aerosol particle collection assembly further includes a sampling membrane, which is detachably mounted on the smoke sampling rod and is used to collect aerosol particles.

6. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis device comprises: an acquisition module, configured to acquire morphological information of multiple groups of aerosol particles collected by the aerosol particle collection component, wherein the morphological information of the aerosol particles includes diameters of the aerosol particles, and the morphological information of the multiple groups of aerosol particles includes morphological information of at least one group of oil smoke particles before combustion and morphological information of at least one group of open flame smoke particles after combustion; an acquisition module, configured to obtain initial morphological information of each group of aerosol particles based on the morphological information of each group of aerosol particles, wherein the initial morphological information of the aerosol particles is used to characterize the morphological information of the aerosol particles before contact with the aerosol particle collection component, and the initial morphological information of the aerosol particles includes initial particle size distribution information of the aerosol particles; The determination module is used to determine the performance difference between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion according to the initial morphology information of each group of aerosol particles.

7. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each group of aerosol particles has multiple; In the case where the aerosol particles are oil smoke particles before combustion of the experimental sample, for each group of oil smoke particles, the initial particle size distribution information of the oil smoke particles is obtained based on the morphological information of the oil smoke particles, including: Obtaining initial particle sizes of the plurality of oil smoke particles according to morphological information of the plurality of oil smoke particles; Initial particle size distribution information of the oil fume particles is obtained according to the initial particle sizes of the plurality of oil fume particles.

8. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following formula is used to obtain the initial particle size of the oil smoke particles based on the morphological information of the oil smoke particles: is the initial particle size of the oil smoke particles before they come into contact with the aerosol particle collection component. is the contact angle of oil smoke particles on the aerosol particle collection component, It is the spreading diameter of the oil smoke particles after they come into contact with the aerosol particle collection component.

9. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The morphological information of the aerosol particles also includes the state of the aerosol particles; The initial morphological information of the aerosol particles also includes initial shape information of the aerosol particles; The determination module includes: A simulation unit, configured to simulate and obtain light scattering information of each group of aerosol particles based on initial morphology information and initial particle size distribution information of each group of aerosol particles; The determining unit is used to determine the difference in light scattering performance between the oil smoke particles before combustion and the open flame smoke particles after combustion according to the light scattering information of each group of aerosol particles and the state of each group of aerosol particles.

10. The kitchen fire combustion behavior simulation and aerosol particle analysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Also includes: A parameter measuring device, comprising: a temperature measuring component, for obtaining the temperature of the experimental sample and / or the temperature of the flame; A mass measurement component, used for obtaining the mass loss of the experimental sample; The image acquisition component is used to obtain the fire combustion behavior image data of the experimental sample.

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