Method for judging planting density of heading lettuce

Abstract

The invention provides a method for judging the planting density of heading lettuces, and the method comprises the steps: S1, selecting a plurality of open soil plots with the same plot area, and planting the heading lettuces in each plot at different plant intervals; s2, estimating the yield of the heading lettuce under each plant spacing condition, and obtaining a plurality of plant spacings corresponding to the high yield of the heading lettuce according to an estimation result; and S3, repeating the experiment for multiple times to obtain a reference planting spacing, and optimizing the plant spacing according to the reference planting spacing to obtain high-yield heading lettuce. By selecting proper planting density, the growth condition and planting environment of the plants are improved, and the yield and quality of the plants are promoted to be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for determining the planting density of head lettuce. Background Art

[0002] Planting density is closely related to yield and quality. Taking into account factors such as crop type, variety, soil fertility, climate conditions, and planting habits, the row and plant spacing should be determined based on planting density to achieve high yields. Generally, higher density leads to greater plant weight and potentially higher yields; lower density leads to lower plant weight and lower yields. A balance should be established between density and plant weight to ensure yield and maximize land utilization.

[0003] However, different crop varieties vary significantly in characteristics such as plant shape, tillering capacity, and light and heat requirements. For example, compact varieties are suitable for close planting, while loose varieties require more space to avoid becoming too dense. By optimizing planting density, we can ensure that plants fully utilize light, nutrients, and water resources, reduce ineffective growth, promote seed or fruit development, and ultimately achieve both increased yield and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a method for determining the planting density of head lettuce, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce, comprising:

[0006] S1: Select multiple open-field soil plots of equal size and plant head lettuce with different plant spacing in each plot;

[0007] S2: estimating the yield of head lettuce under each plant spacing condition, and according to the estimation results, obtaining several plant spacings corresponding to high head lettuce yield;

[0008] S3: Repeat the experiment multiple times to obtain a reference planting spacing, and optimize the plant spacing based on the reference planting spacing to obtain a high yield of head lettuce.

[0009] Preferably, the plurality of ridge surfaces are spaced at the same distance from each other.

[0010] Preferably, it is characterized in that the method of planting head lettuce in S1 includes a triangular arrangement method, and the head lettuces are planted in a staggered arrangement.

[0011] Preferably, the plant row spacing of the multiple open-field soil plots in S1 is 95 cm, and the plant spacing includes 26 cm, 28 cm, 32 cm and 34 cm, and the plant spacing of 30 cm is used as the experimental control group.

[0012] Preferably, the calculation formula involved in S2 estimating the yield of head lettuce under each plant spacing condition is as follows:

[0013] Estimated yield = number of plants planted per mu × weight of single plant × harvest rate

[0014] Furthermore, the

[0015] Preferably, the multiple repeated experiments of S3 are performed at least 3 times.

[0016] Preferably, the reference planting spacing acquisition method of S3 includes: performing statistics on the shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce under all plant spacings, obtaining the shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce under plant spacings including 26cm, 28cm, 30cm, 32cm and 34cm, and determining the reference planting spacing according to the yield and shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce.

[0017] Preferably, the reference plant spacing is determined by the following calculation formula:

[0018]

[0019] Where d represents the plant spacing, F(d) represents the comprehensive evaluation score under different plant spacings, P(d) represents the head lettuce yield under different plant spacings, and Q(d) represents the shoot shape rate under different plant spacings. According to the calculation results, the plant spacing with the largest comprehensive evaluation score is the reference planting spacing.

[0020] Preferably, after obtaining the reference plant spacing, the plant distance is compensated and adjusted according to the light received by each plant. The technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0021] The photosynthetic efficiency of each head lettuce is obtained through a photosynthetic efficiency measurement system, and the average value is taken from multiple experiments to obtain the photosynthetic efficiency of each head lettuce;

[0022] Traverse the photosynthetic efficiency values ​​of each head lettuce, select the head lettuce with the highest photosynthetic efficiency as the benchmark, and calculate the compensation coefficient of each head lettuce;

[0023] According to the compensation coefficient of each head lettuce, the plant spacing of each head lettuce is compensated and adjusted to obtain the optimal planting spacing.

[0024] A planting method for increasing the yield of head lettuce, comprising the step of determining the sowing density of head lettuce by using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention selects a suitable planting density, improves the growth conditions and planting environment of the plants, and effectively improves their yield and quality; at the same time, when the light source is scattered, the light intensity changes from strong to weak. In order to ensure that each plant receives the same light, the experimental environment must set up multiple lightings, but each plant cannot receive the same light intensity. Therefore, by measuring the photosynthesis efficiency to adjust the plant spacing, it can ensure to the greatest extent that each plant obtains similar effective light, thereby reducing the experimental error caused by light differences. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for determining the planting density of head lettuce.

[0027] Figure 2 The invention provides a method for planting head lettuce in a triangular arrangement;

[0028] Figure 3 It represents the head lettuce yield and shoot-shaped rate at various plant spacings described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0030] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining the planting density of head lettuce, the method comprising:

[0031] S1: Select multiple open-field soil plots of equal size and plant head lettuce with different plant spacing in each plot;

[0032] S2: estimating the yield of head lettuce under each plant spacing condition, and according to the estimation results, obtaining several plant spacings corresponding to high head lettuce yield;

[0033] S3: Repeat the experiment multiple times to obtain a reference planting spacing, and optimize the plant spacing based on the reference planting spacing to obtain a high yield of head lettuce.

[0034] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: different plant spacings will cause the growth resources (such as nutrients, water, etc.) obtained by each lettuce to be different, thereby affecting its growth condition and final yield. Planting head lettuce in open-field soil plots with the same plot area, changing the plant spacing variable while keeping other conditions unchanged; and estimating the head lettuce yield under each plant spacing condition; analyzing the yield data under each plant spacing, and finding several plant spacings with high yields. Repeating the experiment many times to reduce experimental error and avoid being affected by accidental factors including local soil differences and sudden weather changes, the plant spacing is further optimized based on the reference planting spacing, considering the actual light intensity received by each head lettuce and reflecting it with photosynthetic efficiency, and then fine-tuning the spacing, and finally determining the optimal plant spacing that can achieve high-yield head lettuce planting. By setting different plant spacings and estimating the yield, finding the plant spacing corresponding to high yield, and optimizing the planting density, the head lettuce can make full use of light, nutrients and water resources. Reasonable close planting can avoid problems such as insufficient light and fierce competition for nutrients caused by overcrowding, and also prevent waste of resources caused by oversparse planting, thereby increasing yield. This method not only focuses on yield, but also considers the impact of plant spacing on lettuce quality. Different plant spacing will affect the rate of shoot-shaped growth. Appropriate plant spacing can reduce the occurrence of shoot-shaped growth and improve the commercial quality of lettuce. After determining the optimal planting density, the input of seeds, labor and agricultural materials can be reduced. Avoiding seed waste and increased labor management costs due to overcrowding can also reasonably allocate agricultural materials such as fertilizers and pesticides, improve resource utilization efficiency, and reduce production costs.

[0035] An embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the method for planting head lettuce in S1 includes a triangular arrangement method, in which the head lettuces are planted in a staggered arrangement.

[0036] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: triangular arrangement and staggered planting break the traditional neat arrangement pattern, achieving a more even distribution of plants. Within the same planting area, compared to square or rectangular arrangements, the triangular arrangement can improve land utilization efficiency within a given plot area and different plant spacing conditions, providing a better spatial environment for the growth of head lettuce. Each lettuce plant has a relatively reasonable growth range within the limited space, providing ample space for root expansion and the development of the aboveground parts. Head lettuce requires sufficient and uniform light to grow. The staggered arrangement prevents plants from blocking each other, allowing each leaf to have more access to sunlight, improving photosynthetic efficiency. In experiments with different plant spacings, this arrangement ensures that lettuce in all positions can effectively utilize light resources. For example, when the sunlight is oblique, the triangular arrangement allows the leaves of plants in the back row to receive sufficient light, reducing growth problems caused by insufficient light. In addition, the triangular staggered planting arrangement increases air circulation channels between plants, allowing air to flow more smoothly between plants. In a hot and humid environment, ventilation can reduce humidity and reduce the growth of pathogens; in extreme weather, such as heavy rain or strong winds, good ventilation can reduce mutual squeezing and damage between plants.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plant row spacing of the multiple open-field soil plots in S1 is 95 cm, and the plant spacing includes 26 cm, 28 cm, 32 cm and 34 cm, and the plant spacing of 30 cm is used as the experimental control group.

[0038] The working principle and effectiveness of the above technical solution are as follows: Spacing values ​​of 26cm, 28cm, 32cm, and 34cm form a reasonable gradient compared to the control group of 30cm. In agricultural planting research, density is a key factor influencing crop growth. At denser spacings of 26cm and 28cm, competition for light, nutrients, and water between plants is intense; at sparser spacings of 32cm and 34cm, individual plants have sufficient resources but limited plant numbers per unit area. By comparing the growth of lettuce at these different spacing gradients, we can precisely explore the relationship between density and yield. The 30cm control group was chosen because it approximates the optimal spacing considered by current production experience. Plant spacings from 26cm to 34cm cover a range from dense to sparse. Appropriate lettuce planting densities vary depending on climate, soil, and planting practices. Closer spacing maximizes resources and increases yield in areas with ample sunlight and fertility, while sparser spacing ensures healthy growth of individual plants in areas with limited environmental conditions. This range of spacing in the experiment meets the needs of diverse planting environments, providing diverse planting density options for different regions and enhancing the universality of research findings.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula for estimating the head lettuce yield under each plant spacing condition in S2 is as follows:

[0040] Estimated yield = number of plants planted per mu × weight of single plant × harvest rate

[0041] Furthermore, the

[0042] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: 667 is an approximate value after converting mu into square meters (1 mu ≈ 667 square meters). In agricultural planting, to determine the number of plants planted per unit area (mu), the two key factors of row spacing and plant spacing need to be considered. The row spacing determines how many rows of planting areas can be divided on a certain length of land, and the plant spacing determines the distribution density of the plants in each row. By dividing 667 by the row spacing and then by the plant spacing, the number of planting rows per mu of land and the number of plants per row can be obtained, and the two are multiplied to obtain the number of plants planted per mu. In the calculation formula for estimating yield, the number of plants planted per mu reflects the number scale of plants per unit area; the weight of each plant reflects the growth quality of each head lettuce, which is affected by the planting density; the yield of head lettuce is greatly affected by the environment. For example, when planted in a plot with sufficient sunlight, suitable temperature, reasonable irrigation and fertile soil, lettuce rarely grows poorly or dies, and most plants can be harvested normally. If extreme weather such as high temperature, drought, floods, etc. occurs, the growth of lettuce may be hindered or even die, and the harvest rate will drop significantly. In the experiment, it is necessary to control the environmental conditions as stable and suitable as possible to keep the harvest rate at a high level, reduce the interference of environmental factors on yield estimation, and ensure the authenticity of the experiment. Therefore, the harvest rate is set to close to 100%.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the reference planting spacing of S3 includes: performing statistics on the shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce under all plant spacings, obtaining the shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce under plant spacings including 26 cm, 28 cm, 30 cm, 32 cm and 34 cm, and determining the reference planting spacing based on the yield and shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce.

[0044] The working principle and effectiveness of the above technical solution are as follows: Different plant spacings result in different amounts of light, water, nutrients, and other resources available to each head lettuce plant, which in turn affects its growth and development, and thus its quality. Closer plant spacing (e.g., 26 cm) leads to intense competition for resources among the lettuces, resulting in poor growth and premature reproductive growth for some, which increases the probability of shoot formation. Sparser plant spacing (e.g., 34 cm) provides relatively abundant resources per plant, which is more conducive to vegetative growth and results in a lower shoot formation rate. Data correlation analysis between different plant spacings and corresponding shoot formation rates reveals patterns. Comparing the shoot formation rate at different plant spacings reveals that when the plant spacing decreases to a certain level (e.g., Treatments 1 and 2), the probability of shoot formation increases. However, the shoot formation rates in Treatments 4 and 5 are not significantly different and are lower than those in Treatments 1 and 2. When determining the planting density of head lettuce, yield is not the only consideration; quality is equally important. Statistical analysis of the shoot formation rate provides a quality dimension, in addition to yield, for planting decisions. By combining yield data and shoot shape rate data, growers can comprehensively weigh the yield and quality performance under different plant spacings, and choose a plant spacing that can both guarantee a certain yield and maintain a lower shoot shape rate (i.e., higher quality), thereby maximizing economic benefits.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the reference plant spacing is determined by the following calculation formula:

[0046]

[0047] Where d represents the plant spacing, F(d) represents the comprehensive evaluation score under different plant spacings, P(d) represents the head lettuce yield under different plant spacings, and Q(d) represents the shoot shape rate under different plant spacings. According to the calculation results, the plant spacing with the largest comprehensive evaluation score is the reference planting spacing.

[0048] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are: when the plant spacing is small, the yield may be higher, but due to fierce competition, the shoot-shaped rate will also increase; when the plant spacing is large, the yield may decrease, but the shoot-shaped rate will also decrease accordingly. This formula links the yield and shoot-shaped rate at different plant distances through a linear relationship. For example, at a plant spacing of 32cm, the yield is 2602.76kg / mu, and the shoot-shaped rate is 29.13%. The corresponding F(d) value is the largest, indicating that at a plant spacing of 32cm, the comprehensive performance of yield and quality is optimal; this formula achieves a good balance between yield and quality, and can bring relatively high returns to growers. Through this formula, a quantitative reference standard is provided for actual planting, helping growers make the best choice among many possible plant spacings, thereby improving planting efficiency and economic benefits.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the reference plant spacing, the plant distance is compensated and adjusted according to the light received by each plant. The technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0050] The photosynthetic efficiency of each head lettuce in a given period of time is obtained by a photosynthetic efficiency measurement system, and the average value is taken after multiple experiments to obtain the photosynthetic efficiency of each head lettuce; and the photosynthetic efficiency is obtained by the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] Where η represents the photosynthesis efficiency, C i represents the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed per unit time by the head lettuce in the i-th experiment, S represents the leaf area of ​​the head lettuce, and n represents the number of experiments;

[0053] The photosynthetic efficiency values ​​of each head lettuce are traversed, and the head lettuce with the highest photosynthetic efficiency is selected as a benchmark to calculate the compensation coefficient of each head lettuce; and the compensation coefficient is obtained by the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] Where η0 represents the highest value of photosynthesis efficiency among all head lettuces, and K represents the compensation coefficient;

[0056] According to the compensation coefficient of each head lettuce, the plant spacing of each head lettuce is compensated and adjusted to obtain the optimal planting spacing; and the optimal planting distance is obtained by the following formula:

[0057] d=K×d d

[0058] Where d0 represents the reference planting spacing, and d represents the optimal planting spacing.

[0059] The working principle and effect of the above technical solution are as follows: The photosynthetic efficiency measurement system obtains the photosynthetic efficiency of each head lettuce within a certain period of time, indirectly reflecting the light intensity received by each head lettuce. The photosynthetic efficiency values ​​of all lettuces are traversed, and the lettuce with the highest efficiency is selected as the benchmark. This is because this lettuce has the best photosynthetic efficiency under the current lighting environment, representing the best light intensity state that can be achieved by lettuces under existing conditions. This is used as a benchmark to calculate the compensation coefficient for other lettuces, and the spacing between each head lettuce plant is adjusted based on the calculated compensation coefficient. As light is scattered, the intensity of light changes from strong to weak. To ensure that each plant receives the same light, the experimental environment will inevitably set up multiple lighting systems, but it is impossible for each plant to receive the same light intensity. Through the above method, the amount of light received by each head lettuce plant is more consistent. This reduces the interference of light differences on experimental results. At the same time, this method provides an effective way to address the problem of inconsistent light intensity for each plant, and can be applied to planting experiments of different scales and environments. Whether it is laboratory research or actual field planting, we can learn from this idea of ​​adjusting spacing according to plant photosynthetic efficiency to optimize planting layout and improve crop yield and quality.

[0060] In the calculation formula for photosynthetic efficiency, leaf area is obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. First, a certain number of head lettuce samples are selected and their leaf area is measured using traditional methods (such as weighing, graph paper, or a professional leaf area meter). At the same time, a near-infrared spectrometer is used to perform spectral measurements on these sample leaves to obtain their spectral data in the near-infrared band. Then, a calibration model is established through data analysis methods. During actual measurement, the spectral data of the head lettuce is obtained and input into the calibration model. The model will then calculate the area of ​​the leaf based on the relationship between the spectral data and the leaf area.

[0061] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: Select multiple open-field soil plots of equal size and plant head lettuce with different plant spacing in each plot; S2: estimating the head lettuce yield under each plant spacing condition, and obtaining several plant spacings corresponding to the head lettuce yield based on the estimation results; S3: Repeat the experiment multiple times to obtain a reference planting spacing, and optimize the plant spacing based on the reference planting spacing to obtain a high yield of head lettuce.

2. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple plants have the same row spacing.

3. The method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 1, wherein: The method for planting head lettuce in S1 includes a triangular arrangement method, in which the head lettuces are planted in a staggered arrangement.

4. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant row spacing of the multiple open-field soil plots in S1 is 95 cm, and the plant spacing includes 26 cm, 28 cm, 32 cm and 34 cm. In addition, the plant spacing of 30 cm is used as the experimental control group.

5. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 estimates the yield of head lettuce under each plant spacing condition, and the calculation formula involved is as follows: Estimated yield = number of plants planted per mu × weight of single plant × harvest rate Furthermore, the 6. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple repetition experiments of S3 were performed at least 3 times.

7. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the reference planting spacing of S3 includes: performing statistics on the shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce under all plant spacings, obtaining the shoot-shaped rate of head lettuce under plant spacings including 26 cm, 28 cm, 30 cm, 32 cm and 34 cm, and determining the reference planting spacing according to the yield of head lettuce and the shoot-shaped rate.

8. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reference plant spacing is determined by the following calculation formula: Where d represents the plant spacing, F(d) represents the comprehensive evaluation score under different plant spacings, P(d) represents the head lettuce yield under different plant spacings, and Q(d) represents the shoot shape rate under different plant spacings. According to the calculation results, the plant spacing with the largest comprehensive evaluation score is the reference planting spacing.

9. A method for determining the planting density of head lettuce according to claim 8, characterized in that: After obtaining the reference plant spacing, the plant distance is compensated and adjusted according to the light received by each plant. The technical solution adopted is as follows: The photosynthetic efficiency of each head lettuce was obtained by using a photosynthetic efficiency measurement system, and the average value was taken after multiple experiments to obtain the photosynthetic efficiency of each head lettuce. Traverse the photosynthetic efficiency values ​​of each head lettuce, select the head lettuce with the highest photosynthetic efficiency as the benchmark, and calculate the compensation coefficient of each head lettuce; According to the compensation coefficient of each head lettuce, the plant spacing of each head lettuce is compensated and adjusted to obtain the optimal planting spacing.

10. A planting method for increasing the yield of cabbage lettuce, characterized in that: The planting method comprises the step of determining the planting density of head lettuce using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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