Steel frame structure demonstration experiment system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of steel structure teaching practice, and provides a steel frame structure demonstration experiment system and method, and the system comprises a steel frame reduced scale model which comprises a plurality of beam column members and connection nodes, and simulates the structure construction and assembly process of a steel frame entity; the loading unit simulates a model to bear loads in various states; the strain acquisition unit is used for acquiring strain information when the model bears a load; the data analyzing and processing unit is used for solving the structural stress and strain of the model according to the collected strain information; and the virtual reality head-mounted display device uses the virtual reality technology to display the structural stress and the strain cloud picture of the solved model. The model can display detail structures of various connections and components and simulate the field actual assembly process of the steel frame structure; according to the invention, a virtual simulation technology is used, so that students can know the incidence relation between different connection modes and the stress and deformation states of structural members under different loading conditions in the steel structure construction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of steel structure teaching practice, and in particular to a steel frame structure demonstration experiment system and method. Background Art

[0002] The course "Basic Principles of Steel Structures" is a compulsory course for civil engineering majors in colleges and universities. It is based on material mechanics, theoretical mechanics, and structural mechanics, and combines the mechanical properties of steel to explore the force characteristics and design methods of axially loaded components, bending components, compression (tension) bending components, and various types of connections and nodes.

[0003] Currently, the teaching method for the "Basic Principles of Steel Structures" course in colleges and universities is primarily theoretical. However, this traditional theoretical teaching method, which focuses on formula derivation and conceptual explanation, often fails to achieve the expected teaching results. A considerable number of students struggle to establish a comprehensive knowledge framework for the course. Furthermore, the wide variety of node structures and the relatively complex assembly process in steel structures often make it difficult for students to intuitively understand them through images and lectures. Traditional teaching methods make it even more difficult for students to establish the corresponding relationship between steel structure structure and stress characteristics.

[0004] Therefore, introducing experimental links in the "Basic Principles of Steel Structures" class allows students to intuitively understand the various structures and corresponding stress characteristics in typical steel frame structures, and enables students to establish an overall knowledge framework for the "Basic Principles of Steel Structures" course, which has become an inevitable trend in the development of this course teaching. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a steel frame structure demonstration experiment system and method. Students can restore the complete construction process of the steel frame structure in the classroom and clearly and intuitively understand the stress of the steel structure under different loads, thereby having a deeper understanding of the course and actual steel structures.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a steel frame structure demonstration experimental system, comprising a steel frame scale model, a loading unit, a strain acquisition unit, a data analysis and processing unit, and a virtual reality head-mounted display device;

[0008] The steel frame scale model includes a number of beam-column components and connection nodes, which are used to simulate the structural construction and assembly process of the steel frame entity;

[0009] The loading unit is used to simulate the loads borne by the steel frame scale model in various states;

[0010] The strain collection unit is used to collect strain information of a set position of the scaled steel frame model when it is subjected to load;

[0011] The data analysis and processing unit is used to obtain structural stress and strain analysis results of the scaled model of the overall steel frame based on the strain information collected by the strain collection unit;

[0012] The virtual reality head-mounted display device uses virtual reality technology to display the structural stress and strain cloud diagram of the solved overall steel frame scale model.

[0013] According to any of the possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided, wherein the scaled steel frame model includes 13 types of beam-column components, connecting plates, and bolts; the beam-column components include frame columns, frame beams, and secondary beams, as follows:

[0014] Frame beam 1, one end flange has a welding groove and a web plate has bolt holes, and the other end web plate and flange both have bolt holes;

[0015] Frame beam 2, based on frame beam 1, has a stiffening plate welded in the middle of the beam for connection with the secondary beam;

[0016] Frame beam three, both ends of which have welding grooves on the flanges and bolt holes on the webs;

[0017] Secondary beam 1, with bolt holes in the webs at both ends;

[0018] The first frame column is a box-section column with the connecting plate welded to the top of the column for bolt connection with the web of the frame beam;

[0019] The second frame column is a box-section column with connecting plates welded on both sides of the column top and a precast beam segment welded on the third side. Bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the precast beam segment to achieve assembled bolt connection with the frame beam;

[0020] Frame column three is a box-section column with a circumferential end plate and a connecting plate welded to the top of the column. The circumferential end plate has a welding groove, and the connecting plate has bolt holes for flange-reinforced bolt-welding connection with the frame beam.

[0021] The fourth frame column is an H-shaped steel column, with precast beam segments welded on one side of the weak axis and stiffening plates and connecting plates welded on the other side; bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the precast beam segments, welding grooves are opened on the stiffening plates, and bolt holes are opened on the connecting plates, for realizing an assembled bolt connection with the frame beam on one side and a bolt-welded connection on the other side; a precast beam segment is welded around the strong axis, and bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the beams, for realizing an assembled bolt connection with the frame beam;

[0022] Frame column five is an H-shaped steel column with a connecting plate welded around the strong axis. The connecting plate has bolt holes for bolting to the frame beam. A prefabricated beam segment is welded around the weak axis. The prefabricated beam segment is used to form an assembled bolt connection with the frame beam.

[0023] Frame column six is ​​a box-section column, and its construction process with frame columns one to three is simulated: connection with connecting plates → welding → cutting off the connecting plates;

[0024] Frame column seven is an H-section column. Its construction process with frame column four simulates a connection plate connection → welding connection → removal of the connection plate. Two bolt holes are provided in the column foot plate. A stiffening plate is welded between the column foot plate and the web. Rivets are welded to the column foot flange. The rivet bolts pass through the hole in the column foot plate and connect to the foundation to constrain the translational freedom of the column foot. The rivets on the flange, combined with the outer concrete, constrain the rotational freedom of the column foot. This column foot is an outer-wrapped rigid-connected column foot.

[0025] Frame column eight is an H-section column. Its construction process with frame column four simulates a connecting plate connection → welding connection → cutting of the connecting plate. Its column footing has four bolt holes. A stiffening plate is welded between the column footing and the web. Rivet bolts pass through the holes in the column footing to connect to the foundation, constraining the translational freedom of the column foot. This column foot is a hinged column foot.

[0026] Frame column nine is an H-section column. Its construction process with frame column four simulates a connection plate connection → welding connection → removal of the connection plate. Its column footing has twelve bolt holes. A stiffening plate is welded between the column footing and the flange. Rivet bolts pass through the holes in the column footing plate to connect to the foundation, constraining the three translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the column foot. This column foot is a rigidly connected column foot.

[0027] The two ends of frame beams one to three are connected to the tops of frame columns one to five as needed, the two ends of secondary beam one are connected to the middle of frame beam two or frame beam three as needed, and frame columns six to nine are used to simulate the construction process of connecting plate → welding connection → cutting off the connecting plate.

[0028] Any possible implementation method as described above further provides an implementation method, in which the 13 types of beam-column components realize multiple connection forms of simulated steel structures, specifically including: assembled bolt connection and bolt-welded connection between box-section columns and I-section steel beams, hinged connection between secondary beams and frame beams, weak-axis assembled bolt connection, weak-axis bolt-welded connection and strong-axis bolt-welded connection between H-section columns and I-section steel beams, flange-reinforced bolt-welded connection between box-section columns and I-section steel beams, rigid column base and hinged column base.

[0029] As for any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided, in which acrylic glue is used to simulate the welding process when the frame beam and the frame column are connected to each other to form the beam-column components.

[0030] As for any possible implementation described above, a further implementation is provided, wherein the loading unit includes one or more sets of weights and weight plates, which are installed at one or more positions of the frame beam or the secondary beam.

[0031] As for any possible implementation described above, an implementation is further provided, wherein the strain acquisition unit includes a plurality of strain gauges and a set of acquisition systems, and the plurality of strain gauges are arranged at a plurality of pre-set strain measurement points.

[0032] As for any possible implementation described above, an implementation is further provided, wherein the number of the strain gauges is 60.

[0033] Any of the possible implementations described above further provides an implementation, wherein the data analysis and processing unit uses Abaqus finite element analysis software and uses the collected strains at each point as boundary conditions to solve the structural stress and strain analysis results of the overall steel frame scale model.

[0034] Any of the possible implementations described above is further provided, wherein the virtual reality head-mounted display device extracts internal force and deformation data of each component cross section based on stress and strain analysis results, and the user can view the stress and strain three-dimensional cloud map of each point of the overall steel frame scale model and the internal force and deformation data of each cross section in situ on the steel frame model through the head-mounted display device; further, the user can add stress streamlines and bending moment diagram annotations in the VR scene through the control handle.

[0035] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a steel frame structure demonstration test method, which uses the above-mentioned system and includes:

[0036] S1. Assembly: Use various beam-column components, connecting plates, and bolts to construct a scaled steel frame model, and arrange strain gauges at set locations. During the construction process, simulate and demonstrate the structural forms of various beam-column components, the assembly and connection methods between different beam-column components, and various construction conditions. Simulate the welding process using acrylic glue.

[0037] S2. Loading: The loading unit applies vertical load to one or more points of the frame beam and secondary beam of the steel frame scale model;

[0038] S3. Strain information acquisition: The strain acquisition unit collects the strain information of the strain gauge during the assembly process or loading process and transmits it to the acquisition system;

[0039] S4. Data processing: The data analysis and processing unit uses finite element software to solve the structural stress and strain analysis results of the scaled model of the overall steel frame based on the collected strain information;

[0040] S5. Virtual reality display: The virtual reality head-mounted display device extracts the internal force and deformation data of each component cross-section based on the stress and strain analysis results. The user can use the head-mounted display device to view the stress and strain three-dimensional cloud map of each point of the overall steel frame scale model and the internal force and deformation data of each cross-section in situ on the steel frame model; further, the user can add stress streamlines and bending moment diagram annotations in the VR scene through the control handle.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. The beam and column components used in the steel frame scale model of the present invention have been carefully optimized and designed to include various component forms and connection node forms of steel structures with as few component types as possible; it can realistically display the construction process, allowing students to truly experience multiple aspects of steel structure construction in class.

[0043] 2. The present invention adopts virtual reality technology, which can provide real-time understanding of the stress changes of the overall structure and each component under different loading conditions during the construction process, so that students can intuitively understand the stress and strain change trends of the overall steel structure under different load conditions, as well as the key positions (positions with greater stress and strain), which makes up for the defects of traditional classroom teaching that is monotonous and difficult to form the overall subject logic, and greatly improves the students' enthusiasm for learning and research; in practical horizontal comparison, the students' grades in this course have been greatly improved.

[0044] 3. The steel frame scale model of the present invention uses acrylic glue to simulate the welding process, which facilitates the conversion between hinged nodes and rigid nodes. Combined with virtual technology, it is easy to compare the effects of different types of nodes (hinged and rigid) on the overall structure and the stress of individual components.

[0045] 4. The present invention has a compact structure, strong practicability, good teaching effect, and has the value of promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 Shown is a structural schematic diagram of a steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the beam-column component structure of the scaled model of the steel frame in the embodiment: a, frame beam one; b, frame beam two; c, frame beam three; d, secondary beam one; e, frame column one; f, frame column two; g, frame column three; h, frame column four; i, frame column five; j, frame column six; k, frame column seven; l, frame column eight; m, frame column nine.

[0048] Figure 3Schematic diagrams of various connection forms of beam-column components in the embodiment are shown: a. connection between box-section columns and I-beams (a.1 integral node, a.2 assembled bolt connection, a.3 bolt-welded connection); b. hinged connection between secondary beams and frame beams; c. connection between H-section columns and I-beams; d. flange-reinforced bolt-welded connection; e. rigid column base.

[0049] Figure 4 Shown are schematic diagrams of simulated construction states in the embodiment: a, simulated construction state one; b, simulated construction state two; c, simulated construction state three; d, simulated construction state four; e, simulated construction state five; f, simulated construction state six.

[0050] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of 60 measuring points in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered isolated, and they can be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a steel frame structure demonstration experiment system, comprising a steel frame scale model, a loading unit, a strain acquisition unit, a data analysis and processing unit, and a virtual reality head-mounted display device;

[0053] The steel frame scale model includes a number of beam-column components and connection nodes, which are used to simulate the structural construction and assembly process of the steel frame entity;

[0054] The loading unit is used to simulate the loads borne by the steel frame scale model in various states;

[0055] The strain collection unit is used to collect strain information of a set position of the scaled steel frame model when it is subjected to load;

[0056] The data analysis and processing unit is used to obtain structural stress and strain analysis results of the scaled model of the overall steel frame based on the strain information collected by the strain collection unit;

[0057] The virtual reality head-mounted display device uses virtual reality technology to display the structural stress and strain cloud diagram of the solved overall steel frame scale model.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, the steel frame scale model includes 13 types of beam-column components, connecting plates and bolts; the beam-column components specifically include:

[0059] Frame beam 1( Figure 2a) One end flange has a welding groove for welding to the flanges of frame columns 1 to 5; the web has bolt holes for connecting to the connecting plates of frame columns 1 to 5. Figure 3 The bolted connection structure after assembly is shown in a (a.3). The web and flange of the other end of the frame beam 1 are both provided with bolt holes, which are connected to the beam sections welded to the columns of frame columns 2, 4, and 5 by bolts to form an assembled bolted connection. Figure 3 As shown in a(a.2).

[0060] Frame beam 2( Figure 2 The end structure and connection relationship of frame beam b) are the same as those of frame beam 1. The difference is that frame beam 2 is based on frame beam 1 and has a stiffening plate welded in the middle of the crossbeam for connection with secondary beam 1. Bolt holes are opened on the stiffening plate for forming a hinged connection with the secondary beam. Figure 3 As shown in b.

[0061] Frame beam three ( Figure 2 c) Both ends of the flange are provided with welding grooves for welding with the flanges of frame columns 1 to 5; the web is provided with bolt holes for connecting with the connecting plates of frame columns 1 to 5; and finally the Figure 3 The bolt welding connection shown in a(a.3).

[0062] Second Liang Yi ( Figure 2 d) The webs at both ends are provided with bolt holes to form bolts with the second and third frame beams. Figure 3 The hinged connection shown in b.

[0063] Frame column 1( Figure 2 e) is a box-section column, the top of which is welded with the connecting plate for bolt connection with the webs of frame beams 1 to 3, and the flanges of the column are connected to the flanges of frame beams 1 to 3 by welding, forming a Figure 3 The bolt welding connection shown in a(a.3).

[0064] Frame column 2( Figure 2 f) is a box-section column with connecting plates welded on both sides of the column top (the connection method with the frame beam is the same as that of frame column 1), and a prefabricated beam segment welded on one side. The flanges and webs of the prefabricated beam segment are provided with bolt holes for assembly bolt connection with frame beam 1 and frame beam 2. Figure 3 Figure a(a.1) shows the completed beam-column node structure.

[0065] Frame column three ( Figure 2 In g) is a box-section column, with an annular end plate and a connecting plate welded to the top of the column. The annular end plate has a welding groove for connecting with the flanges of frame beams 1 to 3. The connecting plate has bolt holes for connecting with the webs of frame beams 1 to 3. The column top structure is used to achieve flange-reinforced bolt-welding connection with the beam, such as Figure 3 As shown in d.

[0066] Frame column four ( Figure 2 h) in the middle is an H-shaped steel column, which has prefabricated beam sections welded on one side of the weak axis and stiffening plates and connecting plates welded on the other side; bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the prefabricated beam sections to form assembled bolt connections with frame beams 1 and 2, welding grooves are opened on the stiffening plates, and bolt holes are opened on the connecting plates to achieve bolted connections with frame beams 1 to 3; frame column 4 is welded with prefabricated beam sections around the strong axis, and bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the beams to form assembled bolt connections with frame beams 1 to 2. Figure 3 The figure e in the middle shows the overall structure of the node.

[0067] Frame column five ( Figure 2 (i) is an H-shaped steel column with a connecting plate welded on one side around the strong axis and a prefabricated beam segment welded on the other side. The connecting plate has bolt holes for bolting and welding with frame beams 1 to 3. The prefabricated beam segment is used to form an assembled bolt connection with frame beams 1 and 2. Figure 3 The overall structure of the node is shown in c.

[0068] Frame column six ( Figure 2 (j) is a box-section column, which can be connected to frame columns 1 to 3 in a construction process of simulated connection plate connection → welding connection → removal of the connection plate. The column foot plate has eight rivet bolt holes, and a stiffening plate is welded between the column foot plate and the wall plate. Rivet bolts can pass through the holes in the column foot plate to connect to the foundation. The eight rivet bolts can constrain the translational and rotational degrees of freedom in three directions. This column foot is a rigid column foot.

[0069] Frame column seven ( Figure 2 In the figure (k), an H-section column can simulate the construction process of connecting the connecting plate → welding connection → cutting off the connecting plate on the four frame columns. There are two bolt holes on the bottom plate of the column foot, and a stiffening plate is welded between the bottom plate of the column foot and the web. Rivets are welded on the flange of the column foot. The rivet bolts can pass through the hole of the bottom plate of the column foot and connect to the foundation to constrain the translational freedom of the column foot. The rivets on the flange can be combined with the external concrete to constrain the rotational freedom of the column foot. The column foot is an externally wrapped rigid column foot.

[0070] Frame column eight ( Figure 2 Figure 1) is an H-section column, which can simulate the construction process of connecting the connecting plate → welding connection → cutting the connecting plate on the four frame columns. There are four bolt holes on the column foot bottom plate, and a stiffening plate is welded between the column foot bottom plate and the web. Rivet bolts can pass through the holes in the column foot bottom plate to connect to the foundation to constrain the translational freedom of the column foot. This column foot is a hinged column foot.

[0071] Frame column nine ( Figure 2m) is an H-section column, which can simulate the construction process of connecting the connecting plate → welding connection → cutting the connecting plate on the four frame columns. There are twelve bolt holes on the column foot bottom plate, and a stiffening plate is welded between the column foot bottom plate and the flange. The rivet bolts can pass through the hole of the column foot bottom plate and connect to the foundation to constrain the three translational degrees of freedom and rotational degrees of freedom of the column foot. The column foot is a rigid column foot.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the 13 types of beam-column components realize multiple connection forms of simulated steel structures, specifically including: assembled bolt connection and bolt-welded connection between box-section columns and I-shaped steel beams ( Figure 3 In a), the hinged connection between the secondary beam and the frame beam ( Figure 3 b), weak axis assembled bolt connection, weak axis bolt welding connection and strong axis bolt welding connection between H-section column and I-section steel beam ( Figure 3 c), flange reinforced bolt-welded connection between box-section column and I-beam ( Figure 3 Middle d), just connected to the column base ( Figure 3 (e)

[0073] In a specific embodiment, Figure 3 Medium a(a.3), Figure 3 In the beam-column bolt-welded connection shown in (d), acrylic glue is used to simulate the welding process. This method can highly simulate the stress conditions of the actual welded connection under the experimental loading conditions designed in this model.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, the loading unit includes one or more sets of weights and weight plates installed at one or more positions of the frame beam or secondary beam.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the strain acquisition unit includes a plurality of strain gauges and a set of acquisition systems, and the plurality of strain gauges are arranged at a plurality of pre-set strain measurement points.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the number of the strain gauges is 60, arranged as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, the data analysis and processing unit uses Abaqus finite element analysis software and uses the collected strains at each point as boundary conditions to solve the structural stress and strain analysis results of the overall steel frame scale model.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the virtual reality head-mounted display device extracts the internal force and deformation data of each component cross-section based on the stress and strain analysis results. The user can view the stress and strain three-dimensional cloud map of each point of the overall steel frame scale model and the internal force and deformation data of each cross-section in situ on the steel frame model through the head-mounted display device; further, the user can add stress streamlines, bending moment diagram annotations, etc. in the VR scene through the control handle.

[0079] An embodiment of the present invention provides a steel frame structure demonstration experiment method, using the above-mentioned system, and the method includes:

[0080] S1. Assembly: Use various beam-column components, connecting plates, and bolts to construct a scaled steel frame model, and arrange strain gauges at set locations. During the construction process, simulate and demonstrate the structural forms of various beam-column components, the assembly and connection methods between different beam-column components, and various construction conditions. Simulate the welding process using acrylic glue.

[0081] S2. Loading: The loading unit applies vertical load to one or more points of the frame beam and secondary beam of the steel frame scale model;

[0082] S3. Strain information acquisition: The strain acquisition unit collects the strain information of the strain gauge during the assembly process or loading process and transmits it to the acquisition system;

[0083] S4. Data processing: The data analysis and processing unit uses finite element software to solve the structural stress and strain analysis results of the scaled model of the overall steel frame based on the collected strain information;

[0084] S5. Virtual reality display: The virtual reality head-mounted display device extracts the internal force and deformation data of each component cross-section based on the stress and strain analysis results. The user can use the head-mounted display device to view the stress and strain three-dimensional cloud map of each point of the overall steel frame scale model and the internal force and deformation data of each cross-section in situ on the steel frame model; further, the user can add stress streamlines and bending moment diagram annotations in the VR scene through the control handle.

[0085] The scaled model of the prefabricated steel frame in the present invention covers the types of connections and components in conventional steel frame structures (such as bolted connections, prefabricated bolted connections, frame beams, frame columns, simply supported secondary beams, etc.), can display the detailed structures of various connections and components and simulate the actual on-site assembly process of the steel frame structure.

[0086] Through the model of the present invention, students can restore the complete construction process of the steel frame structure in class. Figure 4These examples illustrate several typical construction states during the steel frame assembly process: (a) Simulated Construction State 1: The first-floor top beam and second-floor columns are assembled; (b) Simulated Construction State 2: The hoisting process of the second-floor top beam; (c) Simulated Construction State 3: The second-floor top beam is assembled; (d) Simulated Construction State 4: The vertical load borne by the beam is simulated using a loading device; (e) Simulated Construction State 5: The welding process is simulated using acrylic glue; and (f) Simulated Construction State 6: The stress state of the structure under vertical load after welding is simulated using a loading device. By demonstrating these various construction states, students can gain a clear understanding of the actual construction process, overcoming the drawback of traditional classroom teaching, where students rely solely on imagination to recreate the construction process, and fostering a strong interest in the course.

[0087] The present invention uses virtual simulation technology to enable students to understand the stress and deformation states of various structural components under different loading conditions (one or more weights and weight plates can be placed in different positions to simulate different loading conditions) and different connection methods (hinged or rigid) during the steel structure construction process, as well as the stress concentration phenomenon at each node, and intuitively understand the key positions of steel structures in different structural assembly processes and stress conditions; driven by curiosity, they pursue the physical principles behind various phenomena, thereby greatly improving their learning interest and grades in the course, and the practical effect is excellent.

[0088] Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The above embodiments are merely exemplary and should not be used as limitations on the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel frame structure demonstration experimental system, characterized in that: The system includes a steel frame scale model, a loading unit, a strain acquisition unit, a data analysis and processing unit, and a virtual reality head-mounted display device; The steel frame scale model includes a number of beam-column components and connection nodes, which are used to simulate the structural construction and assembly process of the steel frame entity; The loading unit is used to simulate the loads borne by the steel frame scale model in various states; The strain collection unit is used to collect strain information of a set position of the scaled steel frame model when it is subjected to load; The data analysis and processing unit is used to obtain structural stress and strain analysis results of the scaled model of the overall steel frame based on the strain information collected by the strain collection unit; The virtual reality head-mounted display device uses virtual reality technology to display the structural stress and strain cloud diagram of the solved overall steel frame scale model.

2. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel frame scale model includes 13 types of beam-column components, connecting plates and bolts; the beam-column components include frame columns, frame beams and secondary beams, as follows: Frame beam 1, one end flange has a welding groove and a web plate has bolt holes, and the other end web plate and flange both have bolt holes; Frame beam 2, based on frame beam 1, has a stiffening plate welded in the middle of the beam for connection with the secondary beam; Frame beam three, both ends of which have welding grooves on the flanges and bolt holes on the webs; Secondary beam 1, with bolt holes in the webs at both ends; The first frame column is a box-section column with the connecting plate welded to the top of the column for bolt connection with the web of the frame beam; The second frame column is a box-section column with connecting plates welded on both sides of the column top and a precast beam segment welded on the third side. Bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the precast beam segment to achieve assembled bolt connection with the frame beam; Frame column three is a box-section column with a circumferential end plate and a connecting plate welded to the top of the column. The circumferential end plate has a welding groove, and the connecting plate has bolt holes for flange-reinforced bolt-welding connection with the frame beam. The fourth frame column is an H-shaped steel column, with precast beam segments welded on one side of the weak axis and stiffening plates and connecting plates welded on the other side; bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the precast beam segments, welding grooves are opened on the stiffening plates, and bolt holes are opened on the connecting plates, for realizing an assembled bolt connection with the frame beam on one side and a bolt-welded connection on the other side; a precast beam segment is welded around the strong axis, and bolt holes are opened on the flanges and webs of the beams, for realizing an assembled bolt connection with the frame beam; Frame column five is an H-shaped steel column with a connecting plate welded around the strong axis. The connecting plate has bolt holes for bolting to the frame beam. A prefabricated beam segment is welded around the weak axis. The prefabricated beam segment is used to form an assembled bolt connection with the frame beam. Frame column six is ​​a box-section column, and its construction process with frame columns one to three is simulated: connection with connecting plates → welding → cutting off the connecting plates; Frame column seven is an H-section column with two bolt holes in the column foot plate. A stiffening plate is welded between the column foot plate and the web. Rivets are welded to the column foot flange. The rivet bolts pass through the holes in the column foot plate and connect to the foundation to constrain the translational freedom of the column foot. The rivets on the flange are combined with the outer concrete to constrain the rotational freedom of the column foot. This column foot is an outer-wrapped rigid-connected column foot. Frame column eight is an H-section column with four bolt holes on the column footing plate. A stiffening plate is welded between the column footing plate and the web. Rivet bolts pass through the holes in the column footing plate and are connected to the foundation to constrain the translational freedom of the column foot. This column foot is a hinged column foot. Frame column nine is an H-section column with twelve bolt holes in the column foot plate. A stiffening plate is welded between the column foot plate and the flange. Rivet bolts pass through the holes in the column foot plate to connect to the foundation to constrain the three translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the column foot. This column foot is a rigidly connected column foot. The two ends of frame beams one to three are connected to the tops of frame columns one to five as needed, the two ends of secondary beam one are connected to the middle of frame beam two or frame beam three as needed, and frame columns six to nine are used to simulate the construction process of connecting plate → welding connection → cutting off the connecting plate.

3. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The 13 types of beam-column components realize various connection forms of simulated steel structures, including: assembled bolt connection and bolt-welded connection between box-section columns and I-section steel beams, hinged connection between secondary beams and frame beams, weak-axis assembled bolt connection, weak-axis bolt-welded connection and strong-axis bolt-welded connection between H-section columns and I-section steel beams, flange-reinforced bolt-welded connection between box-section columns and I-section steel beams, rigid column base and hinged column base.

4. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When connecting frame beams and frame columns, acrylic glue is used to simulate the welding process.

5. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading unit includes one or more sets of weights and weight plates, which are installed at one or more positions of the frame beam or the secondary beam.

6. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strain acquisition unit includes a plurality of strain gauges and a set of acquisition systems. The plurality of strain gauges are arranged at a plurality of pre-set strain measurement points.

7. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the strain gauges is 60.

8. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data analysis and processing unit uses Abaqus finite element analysis software and uses the collected strains at each point as boundary conditions to solve the structural stress and strain analysis results of the overall steel frame scale model.

9. The steel frame structure demonstration experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The virtual reality head-mounted display device extracts the internal force and deformation data of each component cross section based on the stress and strain analysis results. The user can view the stress and strain three-dimensional cloud map of each point of the overall steel frame scale model and the internal force and deformation data of each cross section in situ on the steel frame model through the head-mounted display device; the user can add stress streamlines and bending moment diagram annotations in the VR scene through the control handle.

10. A steel frame structure demonstration test method, characterized in that: The method uses the system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method includes: S1. Assembly: Use various beam-column components, connecting plates, and bolts to construct a scaled steel frame model, and arrange strain gauges at set locations. During the construction process, simulate and demonstrate the structural forms of various beam-column components, the assembly and connection methods between different beam-column components, and various construction conditions. Simulate the welding process using acrylic glue. S2. Loading: The loading unit applies vertical load to one or more points of the frame beam and secondary beam of the steel frame scale model; S3. Strain information acquisition: The strain acquisition unit collects the strain information of the strain gauge during the assembly process or loading process and transmits it to the acquisition system; S4. Data processing: The data analysis and processing unit uses finite element software to solve the structural stress and strain analysis results of the scaled model of the overall steel frame based on the collected strain information; S5. Virtual reality display: The virtual reality head-mounted display device extracts the internal force and deformation data of each component cross-section based on the stress and strain analysis results. The user can use the head-mounted display device to view the stress and strain three-dimensional cloud map of each point of the overall steel frame scale model and the internal force and deformation data of each cross-section in situ on the steel frame model; further, the user can add stress streamlines and bending moment diagram annotations in the VR scene through the control handle.

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