Miniature inverter output power optimization method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro inverter output power optimization method and system, and relates to the technical field of power control, and the method comprises the steps: receiving a power adjustment instruction; determining system target total power according to the power adjusting instruction; power regulation task information is sent to a plurality of initial micro inverters, the power regulation task information comprises system target total power, and the initial micro inverters are used for determining a power regulation capability state according to the historical operation data and the power regulation task information; if the power regulation capability state is non-adjustable, determining that the initial micro inverter is a non-adjustable micro inverter, and performing isolation control processing on the non-adjustable micro inverter; and if the power regulation capability state is adjustable, determining that the initial micro inverter is an adjustable micro inverter, and performing power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable micro inverter. According to the invention, output power optimization is realized, and the system stability and the energy utilization rate are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power control, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing the output power of a micro inverter. Background Art

[0002] Rooftop photovoltaic systems, consisting of multiple PV panels and corresponding microinverters, are highly favored for their flexibility and high tolerance to shadowing. These microinverters are typically connected to a home energy management system (HEMS), which monitors power generation and household electricity consumption and manages energy interactions with the grid. As the penetration of distributed power sources (DGs) in the grid continues to increase, power companies, to maintain grid stability, will periodically issue power regulation commands to household PV systems within the area, requiring them to limit the power they deliver to the grid during specific periods, a practice known as power curtailment.

[0003] Existing home energy management systems typically use a simple averaging control approach. After calculating the total power required to be curtailed, this total power is then distributed proportionally to each microinverter under its management. However, in real-world applications, PV arrays may be subject to local or dynamic shadowing. This simple averaging control approach prevents microinverters in these areas from performing proportional and stable power regulation. Their operating points can drop to extremely low power levels, causing a sharp drop in output power or even a near-stop. This reduces system stability, and excessive power curtailment results in systemic power generation losses and low energy efficiency.

[0004] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to propose a micro-inverter output power optimization method and system to achieve

[0006] In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for optimizing the output power of a micro-inverter, comprising the following steps:

[0007] receiving a power adjustment instruction;

[0008] determining a target total power of the system according to the power adjustment instruction;

[0009] Sending power regulation task information to a plurality of initial micro-inverters, the power regulation task information including the target total power of the system, the initial micro-inverters being configured to determine a power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information;

[0010] If the power regulation capability state is unadjustable, determining that the initial micro-inverter is an unadjustable micro-inverter, and performing isolation control processing on the unadjustable micro-inverter;

[0011] If the power regulation capability state is adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and a power regulation task allocation process is performed on the adjustable micro-inverter.

[0012] In some embodiments, determining the power regulation capability status based on the historical operation data and the power regulation task information includes:

[0013] Obtaining the status of a maximum power point tracking control subroutine according to the power regulation task information;

[0014] If the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is the active tracking state, determining that the power regulation capability state is unadjustable;

[0015] If the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is the lock maintenance state, determining output power fluctuation information according to the historical operation data;

[0016] If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, determining that the power adjustment capability state is unadjustable;

[0017] If the output power fluctuation information indicates that the fluctuation is normal, it is determined that the power regulation capability state is adjustable.

[0018] In some embodiments, the performing power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable micro-inverter includes:

[0019] Obtaining current operating status data of the adjustable micro-inverter;

[0020] determining an adjustable power range of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the current operating state data;

[0021] Calculating a first power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to a preset allocation strategy, the target total power of the system, the power of the non-adjustable micro-inverter, and the adjustable power range, wherein the parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment life, and energy loss;

[0022] A first power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter, where the first power setting instruction includes the first power adjustment amount.

[0023] In some embodiments, after sending the first power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter, the adjustable micro-inverter is configured to update the first power adjustment value, and the updating of the first power adjustment value includes:

[0024] Get the current lighting environment changes;

[0025] updating the adjustable power range according to changes in the current lighting environment;

[0026] The first power adjustment amount is updated according to the updated adjustable power range.

[0027] In some embodiments, obtaining the current lighting environment change includes:

[0028] Get the current output power, current output voltage and current output current;

[0029] identifying power parameter fluctuation information related to light intensity changes based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current;

[0030] identifying, based on the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine, a power parameter adjustment behavior, wherein the power parameter adjustment behavior includes active search or large-scale operating point adjustment;

[0031] The current lighting environment change is determined according to the power parameter fluctuation information and the power parameter adjustment behavior.

[0032] In some embodiments, identifying power parameter fluctuation information related to light intensity changes based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current includes:

[0033] Calculating the output power change rate based on the current output power and the historical output power;

[0034] Calculating an output voltage change rate based on the current output voltage and the historical output voltage;

[0035] Calculating the output current change rate based on the current output current and the historical output current;

[0036] Calculating a proportional relationship of the output power change rate and the output current change rate according to the output power change rate and the output current change rate;

[0037] Determining whether the output voltage change rate is less than a preset change threshold, and obtaining a change rate determination result;

[0038] The power parameter fluctuation information is identified according to the change rate proportional relationship and the change rate judgment result.

[0039] In some embodiments, after updating the first power adjustment value, the method further includes:

[0040] The adjustable micro-inverter is used to calculate the actual output power according to the updated first power adjustment amount;

[0041] Calculating a total output power according to the plurality of actual output powers;

[0042] Calculating a deviation according to the total output power and the system target total power;

[0043] A second power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation, and the adjustable micro-inverter is further configured to perform secondary power adjustment according to the second power setting instruction.

[0044] In some embodiments, sending a second power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation includes:

[0045] Calculating a second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation and a preset secondary allocation strategy, wherein parameters of the preset secondary allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment life, and load balancing information;

[0046] A second power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter, where the second power setting instruction includes the second power adjustment amount.

[0047] In some embodiments, calculating the second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation amount and a preset secondary allocation strategy includes:

[0048] Obtaining operating parameters of the adjustable micro-inverter;

[0049] Evaluate the operating efficiency, device life, and load balancing information of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the operating parameters to obtain an evaluation result;

[0050] Weighting the evaluation results according to preset evaluation weights to obtain a comprehensive performance index value;

[0051] A second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter is calculated according to the comprehensive performance indicator value.

[0052] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a micro-inverter output power optimization system, comprising:

[0053] An instruction receiving module, used for receiving a power adjustment instruction;

[0054] A target power determination module, configured to determine a target total power of the system according to the power adjustment instruction;

[0055] a task information sending module, configured to send power regulation task information to a plurality of initial micro-inverters, wherein the power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system, and the initial micro-inverters are configured to determine a power regulation capability status based on historical operation data and the power regulation task information;

[0056] an isolation control module, configured to, if the power regulation capability state is unadjustable, determine that the initial micro-inverter is an unadjustable micro-inverter, and perform isolation control processing on the unadjustable micro-inverter;

[0057] The task allocation module is configured to determine that the initial micro-inverter is an adjustable micro-inverter if the power regulation capability state is adjustable, and perform power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable micro-inverter.

[0058] The embodiments of the present application include at least the following beneficial effects: the embodiments of the present application first receive a power regulation instruction, then determine the system target total power according to the power regulation instruction, and then send power regulation task information to several initial micro-inverters, so that the initial micro-inverters determine the power regulation capability status according to historical operation data and power regulation task information. If the power regulation capability status is not adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an unadjustable micro-inverter, and the unadjustable micro-inverter is isolated and controlled. If the power regulation capability status is adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and the power regulation task is allocated to the adjustable micro-inverter. This allows the output power to be optimized by dividing the micro-inverters into different power regulation capability states, thereby improving system stability and energy utilization.

[0059] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for optimizing output power of a micro-inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 The figure is a structural diagram of a micro-inverter output power optimization system according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit this application. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0064] It will be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise specified, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present application, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the words "if" and "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0065] The terms "at least one", "plurality", "each", "any", etc. used in this application include "at least one", "two" or more, "plurality" or "each", "any" or "any one", "each" or "any one" as used herein.

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0067] Before explaining the embodiments of the present application in detail, some of the nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained. The nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are subject to the following explanations.

[0068] A microinverter refers to an inverter with a power of 1000 watts or less and module-level MPPT in a photovoltaic power generation system. The full name is micro photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The "micro" designation is relative to traditional centralized inverters. Microinverters perform inversion on a per-module basis. Their advantage is independent MPPT control for each module, significantly improving overall efficiency while avoiding the issues inherent in centralized inverters, such as high DC voltage, poor low-light performance, and the "barrel effect."

[0069] In the related art, conventional home energy management systems typically employ a simple averaging control strategy when executing power reduction commands issued by the power grid. This approach calculates the total power required for reduction and distributes it proportionally to each microinverter under its management. Under ideal, uniform illumination conditions, this approach can achieve power regulation. However, in real-world applications, when localized and variable shading of the photovoltaic array causes some microinverters to operate in an unstable state, uniform power reduction commands can trigger nonlinear responses in these unstable microinverters. Their operating points may suddenly drop to extremely low power levels, resulting in an excessive and uncontrollable decrease in output power and low system stability. This unpredictable response disrupts the overall power allocation plan, causing the system's total power output to deviate from the target value, leading to excessive power reduction and the loss of potential energy that could have been used for internal loads or for grid connection within the specified limits. This problem affects the accuracy of power control and leads to avoidable energy waste and low energy utilization.

[0070] For example, consider a home photovoltaic system with 20 rooftop photovoltaic panels, each connected to a microinverter. These microinverters report operating data to the home energy management system via power line communication. Tall trees stand to the west of the house. During certain periods, the branches and leaves cast shadows on the roof, partially obstructing some panels in the array. When the local power dispatch system issues a power reduction order due to grid voltage exceeding a certain threshold, requiring the system to feed no more than 2.0 kilowatt-hours of power into the grid within the next hour, the home energy management system receives the order and calculates the total power required to be reduced. Assuming the current total PV array power generation is 7.0 kW, the internal load power is 0.5 kW, and the target total power is 2.5 kW, a reduction of 4.5 kW is required. Based on the existing strategy, the system calculates a reduction ratio of approximately 64.3% and issues a unified order to all 20 microinverters, requiring them to reduce their output power by 64.3%. At this point, the microinverters in full sunlight are able to stably shift their operating point from the maximum power point, reducing their output power as instructed. However, for the microinverters partially obscured by tree shadows, the uneven illumination results in a complex, multi-peaked relationship between power and voltage, with the operating point located in a steep region. When a unified curtailment command arrives, these microinverters attempt to adjust their operating points, but the tiny voltage adjustments to their operating points cause them to slip into an extremely low-power region, with their output power plummeting from an average of 300 watts to less than 30 watts. This nonlinear response causes the system to actually curtail power far more than expected, ultimately stabilizing the total generated power at approximately 1.2 kilowatts, rather than the target 2.5 kilowatts. This excessive curtailment results in a loss of 1.3 kilowatts of electricity, which could have been used to supply indoor loads or connect to the grid within the quota.

[0071] As a result of these issues, home PV systems will continue to face the challenge of insufficient power control accuracy when executing grid power regulation commands. The system's inability to accurately stabilize total generated power at the target value can lead to excessive curtailment, resulting in a loss of usable electrical energy. This loss not only impacts the user's economic benefits but also reduces the overall energy efficiency of the PV power generation system. Furthermore, unstable power response can negatively impact grid stability, as the system's inability to accurately output power according to grid commands can exacerbate voltage fluctuations or frequency deviations. In the long term, the limitations of this control method will hinder the deep integration and large-scale application of distributed PV systems in the grid, as it cannot meet the grid's requirements for controllability and stability.

[0072] In light of this, the present application first considers real-time modeling and prediction of each microinverter's power-voltage (PV) curve to identify whether its operating point is in a steep region, thereby avoiding power regulation. However, real-time modeling and prediction of complex and dynamically changing PV curves requires significant computing resources and high-precision sensors. Furthermore, when light intensity fluctuates rapidly, model accuracy and real-time performance are difficult to guarantee, increasing system complexity and cost. To address this, the present application further considers using the microinverter's own operating status and historical data to determine its power regulation capability. For example, each microinverter could autonomously determine whether it is currently suitable for power regulation based on the status of its internal maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine and output power fluctuations. If a microinverter is actively tracking its maximum power point or its output power fluctuates abnormally, its operating state is unstable and unsuitable for power regulation. Conversely, if a microinverter is in a locked-hold state and its output power fluctuations are normal, it is considered to have regulation capability. Based on this judgment, micro-inverters that are not suitable for regulation can be isolated, and power regulation tasks can be assigned to those micro-inverters that can respond stably, thereby achieving precise control of the total system power to improve system stability and energy utilization.

[0073] The following is a detailed explanation of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0074] Figure 1 This is an optional flow chart of a micro-inverter output power optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The method may include but is not limited to steps S101 to S105.

[0075] Step S101: receiving a power adjustment instruction;

[0076] Step S102: determining the target total power of the system according to the power adjustment instruction;

[0077] Step S103: Sending power regulation task information to a plurality of initial micro-inverters, where the power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system. The initial micro-inverters are configured to determine the power regulation capability status based on historical operation data and the power regulation task information.

[0078] Step S104: If the power regulation capability state is unadjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an unadjustable micro-inverter, and isolation control processing is performed on the unadjustable micro-inverter;

[0079] Step S105: If the power regulation capability state is adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and a power regulation task allocation process is performed on the adjustable micro-inverter.

[0080] Steps S101 to S105 shown in the embodiment of the present application can optimize the output power by dividing the micro-inverter into different power regulation capability states, thereby improving system stability and energy utilization.

[0081] In some embodiments, steps S101 to S105 aim to address the prior art issue of inaccurate power reduction and power generation loss caused by the average power allocation strategy when some microinverters are unstable due to factors such as shadowing. This embodiment identifies the adjustability of microinverters and treats adjustable and non-adjustable microinverters differently, thereby more accurately controlling the total output power.

[0082] A power regulation instruction can be received first, and then the system target total power can be determined based on the power regulation instruction. Then, power regulation task information can be sent to several initial micro-inverters, where the power regulation task information includes the system target total power. After receiving the power regulation task information, the initial micro-inverter can evaluate its own power regulation capability based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information to determine its power regulation capability status. This evaluation mechanism allows each micro-inverter to independently determine whether it is in a stable state suitable for power regulation based on its current operating environment and historical performance. If the power regulation capability status is unadjustable, such as when it is partially shaded, resulting in a complex and multi-peaked power-voltage curve, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be unadjustable and isolated and controlled. This means that it will no longer participate in active power regulation, thereby preventing it from generating drastic, nonlinear output fluctuations in an unstable state, which could affect the stability of the entire system. If the power regulation capability status is adjustable, for example, when it is under full sunlight and working stably, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and the power regulation task allocation processing is performed on the adjustable micro-inverter, so that the overall power regulation task can be accurately allocated to those micro-inverters that can respond stably, ensuring that the total output power of the system can accurately reach the preset target, while avoiding the loss of power generation due to improper adjustment.

[0083] It is understood that a power regulation instruction refers to a command issued by an external system (such as a power grid dispatch system) requesting the home energy management system to adjust its output power. This instruction can take the form of a digital signal, a communication protocol message, or manual input. Its purpose is to initiate the entire power optimization process and set the total power target that the system needs to achieve. Historical operating data refers to the microinverter's own operating parameters recorded over a period of time, such as output power, output voltage, output current, maximum power point tracking status, and ambient light intensity. This historical operating data can be stored in the microinverter's internal memory or uploaded to a cloud server. Its purpose is to evaluate the microinverter's current operating stability and its ability to respond to power regulation instructions.

[0084] To more clearly illustrate this technical solution, a specific example is provided below. When a home energy management system receives a power reduction command from the power grid, it calculates the target total system power based on the command. It then broadcasts power regulation task information containing this target total power to all primary microinverters under its management. Specifically, suppose one of the primary microinverters is located in the shadow of a tree. Its historical operating data may show signs of instability, such as large output power fluctuations and the maximum power point tracking subroutine frequently searching for or locking on a local peak. Based on this historical operating data and the received task information, the microinverter determines that its power regulation capability is unregulated. In this case, the microinverter is identified as unregulated and isolated control is performed on it. For example, it may be instructed to maintain its current output power or temporarily not respond to any power regulation commands to prevent drastic fluctuations in its unstable state. Meanwhile, another primary microinverter located in full sunlight may have historical operating data showing stable output and maximum power point tracking, so it is determined to have a power regulation capability that is adjustable. The microinverter is identified as an adjustable microinverter and is included in the scope of power regulation task allocation processing. The system will assign it a specific power regulation amount based on its adjustable capability, so that it can stably adjust the output and thus jointly achieve the system's target total power.

[0085] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can intelligently identify and distinguish the power regulation capability status of microinverters, isolate and control unstable, non-adjustable microinverters, and accurately assign power regulation tasks to adjustable microinverters. This effectively avoids the severe output power fluctuations and system power generation losses caused by forced regulation of some microinverters under partial shadows or complex lighting conditions. Ultimately, the total system output power can be accurately stabilized at the preset system target total power, thereby strictly complying with the power constraints of the power grid and maximizing the power generation efficiency and economic benefits of the photovoltaic system.

[0086] In some embodiments, in step S103, determining the power regulation capability status based on historical operation data and power regulation task information may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0087] According to the power regulation task information, the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is obtained;

[0088] If the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is the active tracking state, determining that the power regulation capability state is unadjustable;

[0089] If the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is the lock maintenance state, the output power fluctuation information is determined based on the historical operation data;

[0090] If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, the power regulation capability status is determined to be unadjustable;

[0091] If the output power fluctuation information indicates that the fluctuation is normal, it is determined that the power regulation capability state is adjustable.

[0092] In some embodiments, relying solely on historical operating data and power regulation task information may not accurately determine the true state of a microinverter. For example, the status of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine directly affects the microinverter's regulation capability, while output power fluctuations can also indicate whether the microinverter is operating stably. Therefore, a more precise determination of the microinverter's power regulation capability is necessary to avoid misjudgments.

[0093] The status of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine can be obtained based on the power regulation task information. This subroutine's status reflects the microinverter's current operating mode and stability. If the MPPT control subroutine is in the active tracking state, it indicates that the microinverter is actively searching for the maximum power point, but its operating point has not yet stabilized. At this point, power regulation may result in poor regulation or even system instability, indicating that the power regulation capability is unadjustable. If the MPPT control subroutine is in the locked-hold state, it indicates that the microinverter has stabilized at a certain operating point. However, even in the locked-hold state, the microinverter's output power may fluctuate abnormally due to external environmental or internal factors. To this end, output power fluctuation information can be determined based on historical operating data. By analyzing this output power fluctuation information, the stability of the microinverter's current output power can be determined. If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, it indicates that the working state of the micro-inverter is still unstable and is not suitable for precise power regulation. It can be determined that the power regulation capability state is unadjustable; if the output power fluctuation information is normal, it indicates that the current working state of the micro-inverter is stable and can perform reliable power regulation. It can be determined that the power regulation capability state is adjustable.

[0094] It is understood that the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine refers to the current operating mode of the control algorithm used within the microinverter to track the maximum power output point of the photovoltaic module. This can be achieved by reading specific flags or state variables in the microinverter's internal registers. Its purpose is to reflect whether the microinverter is currently actively adjusting the operating point to find the maximum power output, or has stabilized at a certain operating point. The active tracking state means that the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is actively and continuously adjusting the operating voltage and current of the microinverter to search for and lock the maximum power output point of the photovoltaic module. This can be achieved by making small or large exploratory steps on the power-voltage curve based on algorithms such as the perturbation and observation method and the conductance increment method. Its purpose is to indicate that the current operating point of the microinverter has not yet stabilized and is in the process of dynamic adjustment, making it unsuitable for external power regulation. The locked maintenance state means that the maximum power point tracking control subroutine has successfully found and stabilized at the maximum power output point (or local maximum power point) of the photovoltaic module, and is maintaining this operating point to achieve stable power output. It can be that the MPPT algorithm has entered the stable mode and only makes small disturbances to confirm whether the operating point is still optimal, or temporarily stops large-scale tracking under specific conditions. Its purpose is to show that the current operating point of the microinverter is relatively stable and has the basis for external power regulation.

[0095] To more clearly illustrate this technical solution, a specific example is provided below. When a microinverter receives power regulation task information, its internal controller can first access its firmware or dedicated communication interface to read the status register or flag of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine. For example, if a specific bit in this register is set to "1," it indicates that the system is in active tracking mode. At this point, the microinverter immediately reports its power regulation capability as unadjustable. If the read status register indicates a locked hold state, the microinverter further analyzes its recent historical output power data. This historical data can be stored in a cache or non-volatile memory within the microinverter. The microinverter can calculate the standard deviation or mean absolute deviation of this historical output power data and compare it to a preset fluctuation threshold. For example, if the calculated standard deviation exceeds a preset threshold, the output power fluctuation information is determined to be abnormal, and the power regulation capability status is determined to be unadjustable. Conversely, if the standard deviation is below the threshold, the output power fluctuation information is determined to be normal, and the power regulation capability status is determined to be adjustable. In this way, it is possible to dynamically and accurately determine whether the micro-inverter has the ability to perform power regulation based on its real-time internal working status and output stability.

[0096] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment comprehensively considers the status of the microinverter's maximum power point tracking control subroutine and output power fluctuation information, thereby more accurately determining the microinverter's power regulation capability. This avoids the potential misjudgment caused by relying solely on historical operating data and power regulation task information, ensuring that power regulation is not performed on the microinverter when its operating state is unstable. This improves power regulation accuracy and system stability, effectively avoiding power loss caused by improper regulation.

[0097] In some embodiments, in step S105, the power regulation task allocation process for the adjustable micro-inverter may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0098] Obtaining current operating status data of the adjustable micro-inverter;

[0099] Determine the adjustable power range of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the current operating status data;

[0100] Calculating a first power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to a preset allocation strategy, a target total system power, the power of the non-adjustable micro-inverter, and an adjustable power range, wherein the parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment life, and energy loss;

[0101] A first power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter, where the first power setting instruction includes a first power adjustment amount.

[0102] In some embodiments, current operating status data of the adjustable microinverter can be first obtained. Based on this current operating status data, the adjustable power range of the adjustable microinverter can then be determined. This ensures that subsequent power adjustment instructions do not exceed the physical or performance limitations of the device, thus avoiding device damage or efficiency drops due to over-adjustment. A first power adjustment amount for the adjustable microinverter is then calculated based on a preset allocation strategy, the system's target total power, the power of the non-adjustable microinverter, and the adjustable power range. Parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, device lifespan, and energy loss. For example, microinverters with high current operating efficiency, minimal impact on device lifespan, or low energy loss can be intelligently selected for priority adjustment, or a balanced allocation can be performed based on specific weights. This maximizes the long-term operational efficiency and stability of the entire photovoltaic system while meeting the system's total power target. For example, when power reduction is required, microinverters with smooth power-voltage curves and stable regulation responses under current light and temperature conditions can be prioritized for adjustment, while avoiding significant adjustments to microinverters with complex shadows or unstable operating points. This ensures the rationality and effectiveness of the power adjustment task. Finally, a first power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter, where the first power setting instruction includes a first power adjustment amount. This allows each adjustable micro-inverter to adjust its power output according to its assigned precise task, thereby precisely stabilizing the total output power of the entire photovoltaic system at a preset target total system power. This avoids excessive power reduction or waste caused by abnormal responses of some micro-inverters in the prior art.

[0103] It can be understood that the preset allocation strategy refers to a set of optimization rules or algorithms followed when allocating power regulation tasks. Specifically, it can be through pre-set weights or priorities, comprehensively considering factors such as the operating efficiency, equipment life and energy loss of each adjustable micro-inverter in the system. For example, tasks can be preferentially allocated to micro-inverters with high current operating efficiency, low equipment life loss or low energy loss. The purpose is to optimize the long-term operating performance and economic benefits of the entire photovoltaic system while meeting the total power target of the system.

[0104] To more clearly illustrate this technical solution, a specific example is provided below. A central controller or energy management unit can continuously obtain current operating status data from each adjustable microinverter. This data may include, but is not limited to, the microinverter's output voltage, output current, internal temperature, cooling fan speed, and historical fault records. For example, the microinverter can periodically report this data to the central controller via power line communication (PLC) or a wireless communication module. Furthermore, the central controller dynamically determines the adjustable power range of each adjustable microinverter based on the received current operating status data. Specifically, if the internal temperature of a microinverter is too high, the upper limit of its adjustable power range may be limited to prevent overheating. If its output voltage or current approaches its rated limit, its adjustable power range may also be adjusted accordingly. For example, a microinverter may be able to adjust between 50W and 300W at normal operating temperature, but at high temperatures, its upper limit may be limited to 250W. Based on this, the central controller calculates the first power adjustment value for each adjustable microinverter according to a preset allocation strategy, the system's target total power, and the total power of all non-adjustable microinverters in the system. The preset allocation strategy can prioritize microinverters with an operating efficiency exceeding 95%, or those with a shorter cumulative operating time and lower equipment lifespan. Alternatively, it can be an optimization algorithm that allocates power adjustment values ​​by minimizing total system energy loss. If the system's target total power is 2.5kW and the total power of the non-adjustable microinverters is 0.5kW, the adjustable microinverters will need to share a power output of 2.0kW. Based on the adjustable power range of each adjustable microinverter and the preset allocation strategy, the central controller calculates the first power adjustment value that each microinverter should output. For example, a high-efficiency microinverter might be assigned an output of 200W, while a slightly less efficient microinverter might be assigned an output of 180W. Finally, the central controller sends a first power setting instruction containing the calculated first power adjustment value to the corresponding adjustable microinverter. These instructions can be digital signals that instruct the microinverter to adjust its output power to a specified first power adjustment amount. After receiving the instructions, the power adjustment module within the microinverter adjusts its operating point according to the instructions, thereby achieving precise power output control.

[0105] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can achieve refined allocation of power regulation tasks for adjustable micro-inverters. By obtaining the current operating status data of the micro-inverter and determining its adjustable power range, it ensures that the power regulation instructions are executed within the safety and performance boundaries of the equipment, avoiding equipment damage or efficiency loss due to improper adjustment. Furthermore, by introducing a preset allocation strategy, factors such as operating efficiency, equipment life, and energy loss are comprehensively considered, so that power allocation is no longer a simple averaging, but is optimized according to the specific conditions of each micro-inverter, thereby maximizing the long-term operating performance and economic benefits of the entire photovoltaic system. As a result, the total power of the system can be accurately stabilized at the target value, effectively solving the problems of inaccurate power control and energy waste in the existing technology.

[0106] In some embodiments, after sending the first power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter, the adjustable micro-inverter is configured to update the first power adjustment value. Updating the first power adjustment value may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0107] Step S201: Obtain current lighting environment changes;

[0108] Step S202: updating the adjustable power range according to the current lighting environment change;

[0109] Step S203: Update the first power adjustment amount according to the updated adjustable power range.

[0110] In some embodiments, since the lighting environment is constantly changing during actual operation, especially in the presence of shadows, the lighting changes will cause the adjustable power range of the adjustable micro-inverter to change. If it is still adjusted according to a fixed power adjustment amount, it may cause inaccurate power adjustment and even affect the stable operation of the system.

[0111] To improve the accuracy of power regulation, the current lighting environment changes can be continuously monitored and captured. This real-time sensing capability is the foundation for dynamic adjustment, enabling the system to promptly detect the impact of lighting conditions (such as shadow movement or intensity fluctuations) on the microinverter's power generation capacity. Since lighting conditions directly determine the maximum power point of photovoltaic modules and their output characteristics at different operating points, they affect the upper and lower limits of the microinverter's actual power regulation. The adjustable power range can be updated based on current lighting environment changes. This embodiment dynamically updates the adjustable power range to ensure that subsequent power adjustments remain within the microinverter's current safe and effective range, avoiding regulation failure or system instability caused by lighting fluctuations causing adjustment commands to exceed device capabilities. The first power adjustment amount is then updated based on the updated adjustable power range. This means that even after the initial power allocation has been completed, the original adjustment target can be revised based on the latest environmental information and device capabilities. This correction ensures that the power setting instructions received by the micro-inverter are highly matched with the current actual operating conditions, thereby avoiding power output deviations caused by the micro-inverter executing outdated or inaccurate instructions when the light intensity changes.

[0112] It can be understood that the current lighting environment change refers to the change in the lighting conditions in which the micro-inverter is located, such as changes in light intensity, shadow coverage or light uniformity. It can be obtained in a variety of ways, such as direct measurement through a light sensor, or indirect judgment by analyzing the fluctuation trend of the output power parameters of the micro-inverter. Its purpose is to provide real-time and accurate environmental basis for subsequent power regulation updates.

[0113] To more clearly illustrate this technical solution, a specific example is provided below. The microinverter can detect changes in the current lighting environment. For example, internal sensors or algorithms monitor the output power, output voltage, and output current of the photovoltaic modules in real time. When fluctuations in these power parameters related to lighting changes are detected, such as a sudden drop in output power or the maximum power point tracking control subroutine entering an active search state, the system determines that the current lighting environment has changed, such as cloud cover or shadow movement. Based on the detected changes in the current lighting environment, the microinverter updates its adjustable power range. For example, if light intensity decreases or shadows appear, the microinverter reassesses the current maximum power point of its photovoltaic modules and adjusts the upper limit of its safe output power accordingly. For example, if the original maximum output power is 500 watts, the maximum output power may drop to 300 watts after shadows occur. In this case, the upper limit of the adjustable power range will be updated to 300 watts accordingly. Finally, based on the updated adjustable power range, the microinverter updates the first power adjustment amount. This means that if the initial power setting instruction requires the microinverter to reduce its output power from 400 watts to 300 watts (i.e., an adjustment of 100 watts), but after the light intensity changes, its new maximum output power is only 300 watts, the system will recalculate to ensure that the updated first power adjustment amount can make the microinverter's actual output power target fall within the new adjustable power range. For example, it may adjust the target output power to 250 watts to adapt to the adjustment capability under the new light conditions, thereby ensuring the accuracy and feasibility of power regulation.

[0114] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can dynamically adapt to changes in the lighting environment after sending a preliminary power setting command to the adjustable microinverter. By monitoring lighting environment changes in real time and updating the microinverter's adjustable power range accordingly, it can ensure that the power adjustment amount always matches the microinverter's actual adjustment capability under current lighting conditions. This avoids inaccurate adjustment or system instability caused by adjustment commands exceeding device capabilities due to changing lighting conditions, thereby improving power adjustment accuracy and system operational stability, ensuring precise power output control of the photovoltaic system in dynamic environments.

[0115] In some embodiments, in step S201, obtaining the current lighting environment change may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0116] Step S301, obtaining current output power, current output voltage and current output current;

[0117] Step S302: Identify power parameter fluctuation information related to light intensity changes based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current;

[0118] Step S303: Identify power parameter adjustment behavior based on the status of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine, where the power parameter adjustment behavior includes active search or large-scale operating point adjustment;

[0119] Step S304: Determine the current lighting environment change based on the power parameter fluctuation information and the power parameter adjustment behavior.

[0120] In some embodiments, simply relying on light sensors not only increases hardware costs, but in practice, light sensors are susceptible to environmental factors such as dust and temperature, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. Furthermore, light can change very rapidly, especially in the presence of moving clouds. Traditional light sensors may not be able to capture these rapid changes in time, thus affecting the accuracy and efficiency of power regulation.

[0121] To improve the accuracy of detecting changes in the lighting environment, the current output power, current output voltage, and current output can be first acquired. These real-time power parameters directly reflect the operating status of the PV module and provide the foundational data for subsequent determination of lighting changes. Then, based on the current output power, current output voltage, and current, power parameter fluctuations associated with lighting changes can be identified. Changes in light intensity can cause fluctuations in the output characteristics of the PV module. By analyzing these power parameter fluctuations, initial signs of lighting environment changes can be detected. The state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is then used to identify power parameter adjustment behaviors. These adjustments include active search or significant operating point adjustments. When significant changes in lighting occur, the maximum power point tracking control subroutine typically transitions from a locked-in maintenance state to actively search for a new maximum power point, or performs significant operating point adjustments to adapt to the new lighting conditions. These adjustments represent the microinverter's inherent response to lighting changes. Finally, based on the power parameter fluctuation information and the power parameter adjustment behaviors, the current lighting environment change is determined. By combining power parameter fluctuation information and power parameter adjustment behavior for comprehensive judgment, it is possible to effectively distinguish fluctuations caused by light changes from those caused by other factors, thereby more accurately determining the current light environment changes.

[0122] It can be understood that the power parameter fluctuation information refers to the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the output power, output voltage and output current of the micro-inverter over time to determine whether there are abnormal power parameter fluctuations caused by changes in light intensity. This can be achieved by calculating the parameter change rate, monitoring the parameter fluctuation amplitude or analyzing the parameter change trend. Active search refers to the systematic exploration process carried out by the maximum power point tracking control subroutine to find a new maximum power point, which can be manifested as scanning or perturbations on the power-voltage curve. Large-scale operating point adjustment refers to a significant change in the operating voltage or current of the micro-inverter to adapt to new operating conditions, which can be manifested as a large displacement of the operating point on the power-voltage curve.

[0123] To more clearly illustrate this technical solution, a specific example is provided below. The controller within the microinverter can periodically (e.g., every 100 milliseconds) obtain the instantaneous values ​​of the current output power, current output voltage, and current output current. To identify power parameter fluctuations associated with changes in light intensity, the controller can compare the currently acquired output power with the historical output power at a previous moment or over a period of time to calculate the output power change rate. Similarly, the output voltage change rate and output current change rate can be calculated. For example, the instantaneous or average change rates of these parameters can be calculated. Subsequently, a proportional relationship between the output power change rate and the output current change rate can be calculated based on their change rates. For example, when light intensity increases, power and current typically increase significantly in the same direction, while voltage changes relatively little. Simultaneously, the controller can determine whether the output voltage change rate is less than a preset change threshold to obtain a change rate determination result. This is because voltage is generally more stable than power and current when light intensity changes. Finally, the change rate proportional relationship and the change rate determination result can be combined to identify power parameter fluctuations. For example, if the power and current change rates are significantly in the same direction, while the voltage change rate is small, a preliminary determination can be made that the fluctuation is due to light intensity changes. Furthermore, to identify power parameter adjustment behavior, the controller can monitor the status of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control subroutine in real time. For example, if the MPPT control subroutine is executing a large perturbation step in the "perturb and observe" method, or performing a large step adjustment when the operating point is detected to be moving away from the maximum power point in the "incremental conductance method," this behavior can be identified as active search or large-scale operating point adjustment. When the controller detects power parameter fluctuations consistent with light intensity changes, and the MPPT control subroutine simultaneously displays active search or large-scale operating point adjustment behavior, it can determine that the current light environment has changed. For example, if the output power and current are detected to increase significantly within a short period of time while the MPPT control subroutine is searching for a new maximum power point, this can be determined as increased light intensity. Conversely, if the output power and current decrease significantly while the MPPT control subroutine is performing a large-scale operating point adjustment to adapt to low light conditions, this can be determined as decreased light intensity. This combined judgment approach effectively avoids misjudgments caused by non-light-related factors such as load fluctuations or internal noise, thereby improving the accuracy of light environment change detection.

[0124] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this embodiment can accurately obtain current lighting environment changes without the need for additional light sensors. This embodiment can effectively distinguish between true fluctuations caused by light changes and interference caused by other factors (such as load changes) by comprehensively analyzing the fluctuation information of the micro-inverter's own power parameters such as output power, output voltage, and output current, and combining it with the power parameter adjustment behavior reflected by the status of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine. This enables the system to overcome the problems of traditional light sensors being susceptible to environmental factors, inaccurate measurements, and slow to respond to rapid light changes, thereby providing an accurate and real-time basis for lighting environment changes for subsequent updates to the adjustable power range and the first power adjustment amount, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the micro-inverter power regulation and ensuring stable operation and power generation optimization of the system under dynamic lighting conditions.

[0125] In some embodiments, in step S302, identifying power parameter fluctuation information related to light intensity changes based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0126] Calculate the output power change rate based on the current output power and historical output power;

[0127] Calculate the output voltage change rate based on the current output voltage and the historical output voltage;

[0128] Calculate the output current change rate based on the current output current and the historical output current;

[0129] Calculate the proportional relationship of the output power change rate and the output current change rate;

[0130] Determine whether the output voltage change rate is less than a preset change threshold, and obtain a change rate determination result;

[0131] According to the change rate proportional relationship and the change rate judgment result, the power parameter fluctuation information is identified.

[0132] In some embodiments, since judgments are made based only on the instantaneous changes of a single parameter, there is a lack of comprehensive consideration of the relationships between multiple power parameters, which may lead to misjudgments caused by load changes, grid fluctuations or other non-light factors, and it is impossible to accurately distinguish the true light changes, thereby affecting the accuracy and reliability of subsequent power regulation.

[0133] The interrelationships between multiple power parameters can be comprehensively considered. First, the output power change rate can be calculated based on the current output power and historical output power; the output voltage change rate can be calculated based on the current output voltage and historical output voltage; and the output current change rate can be calculated based on the current output current and historical output current. These change rates quantify the dynamic trends of each power parameter over time, rather than relying solely on instantaneous values, thereby better capturing the continuous impact of varying light intensity. Then, the change rate ratio is calculated based on the output power change rate and the output current change rate. Since power and current typically increase and decrease synchronously in photovoltaic systems with varying light intensity, analyzing the ratio of their change rates can effectively eliminate interference that only affects a single parameter. For example, a sudden load change can cause a significant change in current while the power change is relatively insignificant. In this case, the change rate ratio will deviate from the typical pattern during varying light intensity, thus avoiding misjudgments. The output voltage change rate is then determined to be less than a preset change threshold to obtain the change rate judgment result. Voltage is relatively stable during normal operation of a photovoltaic system; large fluctuations often indicate system anomalies or drastic operating point adjustments. By setting a threshold, it's possible to distinguish gradual changes in sunlight from dramatic voltage fluctuations that may be caused by other factors. For example, if the voltage rate of change exceeds the threshold, it may indicate that the microinverter is undergoing significant maximum power point tracking adjustments or is experiencing a fault, rather than simply experiencing changes in sunlight. Finally, based on the proportional relationship between the rates of change and the resulting judgment, power parameter fluctuations are identified. This multi-dimensional, multi-parameter cross-validation mechanism makes the identification process more robust against interference. For example, fluctuations are only identified as caused by sunlight changes if the proportional relationship between the power and current rates of change matches the expected pattern of sunlight changes and the voltage rate of change is within the normal range. Compared to methods that rely solely on a single parameter or simple threshold judgment, this method improves the accuracy of sunlight change identification and reduces false positives.

[0134] It can be understood that the proportional relationship of the rate of change refers to the numerical ratio or functional relationship between the output power change rate and the output current change rate, which can be achieved by directly dividing the two, or through regression analysis, or through a preset lookup table. Its purpose is to quantify the synchronous or asynchronous trend of power and current under light changes, so as to distinguish light changes from other interference factors.

[0135] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment can comprehensively analyze the changes in the microinverter's output power, output voltage, and output current. By calculating their respective rates of change, the proportional relationship between the power and current rates of change, and determining whether the voltage rate of change is within a normal range, it can identify changes in sunlight intensity. This multi-dimensional, multi-parameter cross-validation mechanism effectively avoids misjudgments caused by accidental fluctuations in a single parameter or non-light-related factors (such as load changes and maximum power point tracking adjustments). It improves the accuracy and reliability of light change identification, provides more accurate and stable input for subsequent power regulation, and thus ensures system operating efficiency and stability, avoiding additional power generation losses.

[0136] In some embodiments, after updating the first power adjustment value, the method of this embodiment may further include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0137] The adjustable micro-inverter is used to calculate the actual output power according to the updated first power adjustment amount;

[0138] Calculate the total output power based on multiple actual output powers;

[0139] Calculate the deviation according to the total output power and the system target total power;

[0140] A second power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation, and the adjustable micro-inverter is further configured to perform secondary power adjustment according to the second power setting instruction.

[0141] In some embodiments, since power regulation is performed solely by relying on the updated first power regulation amount, it may not be possible to accurately make the total output power reach the system target total power, because the actual micro-inverter output may have deviations, or the rapid changes in the lighting environment exceed the adjustment range of the first power regulation amount. In addition, the power is only adjusted unidirectionally according to the lighting changes, and there is a lack of real-time monitoring and feedback correction of the actual output power, which may cause a deviation between the total output power of the system and the preset target. It is unable to cope with the uncertainty caused by individual differences between micro-inverters or instantaneous fluctuations in the environment, which affects the accuracy and stability of power regulation.

[0142] To improve the accuracy of power regulation, the adjustable microinverters first calculate the actual output power based on the updated first power regulation value. The system then aggregates the multiple actual output powers reported by all adjustable microinverters to calculate the total output power, thereby calculating the current total output power of the entire PV array. The total output power reflects the system's actual power generation capacity. The deviation is then calculated based on the total output power and the system's target total power. This deviation directly reflects the gap between the current system output and the desired target. Finally, based on the deviation, a second power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable microinverter, and the adjustable microinverter performs secondary power regulation based on the second power setting instruction. Secondary power regulation further corrects and optimizes the first power regulation previously performed based on changes in the lighting environment.

[0143] It can be understood that secondary power regulation refers to the further adjustment of the current output power of the adjustable micro-inverter after receiving the second power setting instruction. Specifically, it can be achieved by fine-tuning its operating point or output current. Its purpose is to eliminate or reduce the deviation between the total output power and the target total power of the system.

[0144] Through the above technical solution, after updating the first power adjustment amount according to changes in the lighting environment, this embodiment can monitor the actual output power of the adjustable micro-inverter in real time and calculate the total output power by summarizing it. By comparing the total output power with the system target total power, the deviation between the two can be accurately calculated. Based on this deviation, the system can send a second power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter to guide it to perform secondary power adjustment. This closed-loop feedback control mechanism enables the system to dynamically correct power deviations caused by factors such as individual differences between micro-inverters, measurement errors, or rapid changes in the lighting environment, thereby ensuring that the total output power of the entire photovoltaic system can be accurately stabilized at the system target total power, avoiding excessive or insufficient power reduction, and improving the accuracy of power regulation and system stability.

[0145] In some embodiments, sending a second power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter based on the deviation may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0146] Step S401: Calculate a second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation amount and a preset secondary allocation strategy, where the parameters of the preset secondary allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment life, and load balancing information;

[0147] Step S402: Send a second power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter, where the second power setting instruction includes a second power adjustment amount.

[0148] In some embodiments, since secondary adjustment is performed only based on the deviation, it may lead to unreasonable allocation in the adjustment process. For example, some micro-inverters with low operating efficiency or whose equipment life is about to expire are assigned too many adjustment tasks, thereby affecting the long-term stability and efficiency of the entire system.

[0149] To more rationally allocate secondary power regulation tasks, taking into account multiple factors such as operating efficiency, device lifespan, and load balancing, a second power regulation value for each adjustable micro-inverter can be calculated based on the deviation and a preset secondary allocation strategy. The parameters of the preset secondary allocation strategy include operating efficiency, device lifespan, and load balancing information. For example, regulation tasks can be preferentially assigned to micro-inverters with higher current operating efficiency to ensure that power regulation requirements are met while maximizing system energy output. This can avoid excessive regulation pressure on micro-inverters nearing the end of their lifespan, thereby extending their service life and reducing system maintenance costs. The load balancing of each micro-inverter can be considered to prevent certain micro-inverters from being in a high or low load state for a long period of time, thereby distributing system pressure and improving overall operational stability and reliability. A more reasonable second power regulation value can then be calculated for each adjustable micro-inverter. A second power setting instruction is then sent to the adjustable micro-inverter to guide it to perform precise secondary power regulation. The second power setting instruction includes the second power regulation value.

[0150] It is understood that the preset secondary allocation strategy refers to the set of rules used to guide power allocation during secondary power regulation. It can be implemented through methods such as weight allocation, priority sorting, or optimization algorithms, with the goal of ensuring the rationality of power regulation tasks and optimizing overall system performance. Operating efficiency refers to the efficiency of the microinverter in converting the DC power generated by the photovoltaic module into AC power under the current operating state. It can be evaluated using real-time efficiency data, historical average efficiency, or efficiency curves, with the goal of prioritizing the use of high-efficiency equipment to increase the overall power generation of the system.

[0151] Through the above technical solution, when performing secondary power regulation, this embodiment can calculate the second power regulation amount based on the deviation amount and, in combination with a preset secondary allocation strategy, comprehensively consider the operating efficiency, device lifespan, and load balancing information of the microinverters. This avoids the unreasonable allocation that may result from simply adjusting based on the deviation amount, for example, avoiding allocating too many regulation tasks to microinverters with low operating efficiency or nearing the end of their device lifespan. Therefore, this embodiment can achieve more precise and reasonable power regulation task allocation, thereby improving the long-term operating efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system, extending the device lifespan, and improving load balancing, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the system.

[0152] In some embodiments, in step S401, calculating the second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation amount and the preset secondary allocation strategy may include but is not limited to the following steps:

[0153] Obtaining operating parameters of adjustable microinverters;

[0154] According to the operating parameters, the operating efficiency, equipment life and load balancing information of the adjustable micro-inverter are evaluated to obtain the evaluation results;

[0155] The evaluation results are weighted according to the preset evaluation weights to obtain the comprehensive performance index value;

[0156] A second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter is calculated according to the comprehensive performance indicator value.

[0157] In some embodiments, since only the preset secondary allocation strategy is considered, the allocated second power adjustment amount may not be optimal. For example, it may cause problems such as low operating efficiency of certain adjustable micro-inverters, large equipment life loss, or load imbalance.

[0158] To accurately calculate the second power regulation value, the operating parameters of the adjustable microinverters can be obtained. These parameters reflect each microinverter's current operating status and historical performance in real time. Based on these operating parameters, the operating efficiency, device lifespan, and load balancing information of the adjustable microinverters are then evaluated to obtain an evaluation result. This evaluation process aims to identify each microinverter's suitability for power regulation tasks in the current and future periods. The evaluation results are then weighted according to preset evaluation weights to obtain a comprehensive performance index value. Because different performance dimensions may have varying importance to the overall system operation, the introduction of weights ensures that when allocating power regulation tasks, the system prioritizes inverters that contribute more to overall performance and avoids placing additional burdens on inverters with poorer performance. Finally, based on the comprehensive performance index value, the second power regulation value of the adjustable microinverter is calculated. Microinverters with higher comprehensive performance index values ​​are more suitable for power regulation and can therefore be assigned more regulation tasks. Conversely, microinverters with lower comprehensive performance index values ​​are assigned fewer regulation tasks or even no regulation tasks.

[0159] It can be understood that operating parameters refer to various real-time data generated by the adjustable micro-inverter during actual operation, which can be represented by data such as current, voltage, power, temperature, working time, number of switches, fault records, and historical load rate.

[0160] Through the above technical solution, when performing secondary power regulation, this embodiment no longer relies solely on a preset fixed allocation strategy, but can dynamically and meticulously evaluate the actual operating status of each adjustable micro-inverter. This evaluation takes into account multiple dimensions such as operating efficiency, equipment life, and load balancing, and obtains a comprehensive performance index value through weighted processing, so that the allocation of power regulation tasks can fully reflect the performance advantages and suitability of each micro-inverter. Therefore, the second power regulation amount can be more reasonably allocated to each adjustable micro-inverter, avoiding the excessive or inefficient use of certain micro-inverters, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the entire photovoltaic system, extending the service life of the equipment, and achieving load balancing between the micro-inverters, ultimately allowing the total system power to more accurately and stably approach the target value.

[0161] The beneficial effects of implementing the embodiments of the present invention include: the embodiments of the present application first receive a power regulation instruction, then determine the system target total power according to the power regulation instruction, and then send power regulation task information to several initial micro-inverters, so that the initial micro-inverters determine the power regulation capability status according to historical operation data and power regulation task information. If the power regulation capability status is unadjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an unadjustable micro-inverter, and the unadjustable micro-inverter is isolated and controlled. If the power regulation capability status is adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and the power regulation task is allocated to the adjustable micro-inverter. This allows the output power to be optimized by dividing the micro-inverters into different power regulation capability states, thereby improving system stability and energy utilization.

[0162] like Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a micro-inverter output power optimization system, comprising:

[0163] The instruction receiving module 501 is used to receive the power adjustment instruction;

[0164] The target power determination module 502 is used to determine the target total power of the system according to the power adjustment instruction;

[0165] The task information sending module 503 is used to send power regulation task information to a plurality of initial micro-inverters. The power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system. The initial micro-inverters are used to determine the power regulation capability status based on the historical operation data and the power regulation task information.

[0166] The isolation control module 504 is configured to determine that the initial micro-inverter is an unadjustable micro-inverter if the power adjustment capability state is unadjustable, and perform isolation control processing on the unadjustable micro-inverter;

[0167] The task allocation module 505 is configured to determine that the initial micro-inverter is an adjustable micro-inverter if the power regulation capability state is adjustable, and perform power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable micro-inverter.

[0168] The contents of the above method embodiments are all applicable to the present system embodiments. The functions specifically implemented by the present system embodiments are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown in the figures, or a combination of certain steps, or different steps.

[0170] The embodiments described in the embodiments of this application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the output power of a micro-inverter, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: receiving a power adjustment instruction; determining a target total power of the system according to the power adjustment instruction; Sending power regulation task information to a plurality of initial micro-inverters, the power regulation task information including the target total power of the system, the initial micro-inverters being configured to determine a power regulation capability status based on historical operating data and the power regulation task information; If the power regulation capability state is unadjustable, determining that the initial micro-inverter is an unadjustable micro-inverter, and performing isolation control processing on the unadjustable micro-inverter; If the power regulation capability state is adjustable, the initial micro-inverter is determined to be an adjustable micro-inverter, and a power regulation task allocation process is performed on the adjustable micro-inverter.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining of the power regulation capability status according to the historical operation data and the power regulation task information includes: Obtaining the status of a maximum power point tracking control subroutine according to the power regulation task information; If the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is the active tracking state, determining that the power regulation capability state is unadjustable; If the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine is the lock maintenance state, determining output power fluctuation information according to the historical operation data; If the output power fluctuation information is abnormal, determining that the power adjustment capability state is unadjustable; If the output power fluctuation information indicates that the fluctuation is normal, it is determined that the power regulation capability state is adjustable.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The performing power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable micro-inverter includes: Obtaining current operating status data of the adjustable micro-inverter; determining an adjustable power range of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the current operating state data; Calculating a first power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to a preset allocation strategy, the target total power of the system, the power of the non-adjustable micro-inverter, and the adjustable power range, wherein the parameters of the preset allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment life, and energy loss; A first power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter, where the first power setting instruction includes the first power adjustment amount.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that After sending the first power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter, the adjustable micro-inverter is configured to update the first power adjustment amount, wherein updating the first power adjustment amount includes: Get the current lighting environment changes; updating the adjustable power range according to changes in the current lighting environment; The first power adjustment amount is updated according to the updated adjustable power range.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The obtaining of the current lighting environment change includes: Get the current output power, current output voltage and current output current; identifying power parameter fluctuation information related to light intensity changes based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current; identifying, based on the state of the maximum power point tracking control subroutine, a power parameter adjustment behavior, wherein the power parameter adjustment behavior includes active search or large-scale operating point adjustment; The current lighting environment change is determined according to the power parameter fluctuation information and the power parameter adjustment behavior.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The identifying, based on the current output power, the current output voltage, and the current output current, power parameter fluctuation information related to illumination changes includes: Calculating the output power change rate based on the current output power and the historical output power; Calculating an output voltage change rate based on the current output voltage and the historical output voltage; Calculating the output current change rate based on the current output current and the historical output current; Calculating a proportional relationship of the output power change rate and the output current change rate according to the output power change rate and the output current change rate; Determining whether the output voltage change rate is less than a preset change threshold, and obtaining a change rate determination result; The power parameter fluctuation information is identified according to the change rate proportional relationship and the change rate judgment result.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that After updating the first power adjustment amount, the method further includes: The adjustable micro-inverter is used to calculate the actual output power according to the updated first power adjustment amount; Calculating a total output power according to the plurality of actual output powers; Calculating a deviation according to the total output power and the system target total power; A second power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation, and the adjustable micro-inverter is further configured to perform secondary power adjustment according to the second power setting instruction.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The sending a second power setting instruction to the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation includes: Calculating a second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the deviation and a preset secondary allocation strategy, wherein parameters of the preset secondary allocation strategy include operating efficiency, equipment life, and load balancing information; A second power setting instruction is sent to the adjustable micro-inverter, where the second power setting instruction includes the second power adjustment amount.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The calculating, according to the deviation and a preset secondary allocation strategy, a second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter includes: Obtaining operating parameters of the adjustable micro-inverter; Evaluate the operating efficiency, device life, and load balancing information of the adjustable micro-inverter according to the operating parameters to obtain an evaluation result; The evaluation results are weighted according to the preset evaluation weights to obtain a comprehensive performance index value; A second power adjustment amount of the adjustable micro-inverter is calculated according to the comprehensive performance indicator value.

10. A micro-inverter output power optimization system, characterized in that: include: An instruction receiving module, used for receiving a power adjustment instruction; A target power determination module, configured to determine a target total power of the system according to the power adjustment instruction; a task information sending module, configured to send power regulation task information to a plurality of initial micro-inverters, wherein the power regulation task information includes the target total power of the system, and the initial micro-inverters are configured to determine a power regulation capability status based on historical operation data and the power regulation task information; an isolation control module, configured to, if the power regulation capability state is unadjustable, determine that the initial micro-inverter is an unadjustable micro-inverter, and perform isolation control processing on the unadjustable micro-inverter; The task allocation module is configured to determine that the initial micro-inverter is an adjustable micro-inverter if the power regulation capability state is adjustable, and perform power regulation task allocation processing on the adjustable micro-inverter.

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