A one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a one-dimensional, multi-component, hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework (MOF) material and its preparation method, belonging to the technical field of MOF materials. The method includes: dissolving a coordination modifier and a surfactant in deionized water at a certain mass ratio, and ultrasonically mixing to form a clear solution; adding acetic acid and an organic solvent to the clear solution to form a mixed solution A; adding ferric nitrate nonahydrate, a nitrate selected from gallium nitrate or indium nitrate, and an organic ligand to mixed solution A to form a mixed solution B; stirring mixed solution B at 70-90°C, and after sufficient reaction, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain the one-dimensional, multi-component, hierarchical porous nanorod MOF material. This invention, by adjusting the ligands or solvent, can synthesize iron-based hierarchical porous materials with different crystal structures, overcoming the limitation of traditional MOF synthesis methods to single structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal-organic framework materials technology, specifically relating to a one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] One-dimensional nanostructures, including nanowires, nanofibers, nanoribbons, nanorods, and nanotubes, are considered one of the most promising materials for energy-related applications. However, to unlock the full potential of one-dimensional nanomaterials, their structure and composition need to be precisely customized. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in catalysis, gas adsorption, and drug delivery due to their highly designable structures, abundant metal nodes, organic ligands, and extremely high specific surface area and porosity. Meanwhile, multi-component metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) have also attracted considerable attention because they can introduce structural complexity and compositional diversity into simple, ordered system architectures, thus providing high tunability in framework geometry and chemical environment. MIL-88B is a common one-dimensional Fe-based MOF material with good thermal stability and environmental friendliness. However, the microporous structure of traditional MIL-88 often restricts molecular diffusion and reactant accessibility, limiting its performance in practical applications. The construction of hierarchical porous structures is beneficial for improving mass transport efficiency and active site exposure. Therefore, constructing MIL-88B material with one-dimensional multi-metal active centers and hierarchical porous structure has become a hot topic and a challenge in current MOF research.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for realizing one-dimensional MOFs: template-assisted methods and template-free methods. However, controlling the structure and composition in this context is quite challenging. Most one-dimensional MOF nanomaterials reported to date exhibit relatively simple single-component microporous configurations due to the specific coordination modes of metal nodes and organic linkers in a given MOF synthesis system. Previous studies have shown that multi-component materials can be integrated into one-dimensional nanostructures through hydrothermal synthesis. However, achieving the uniform integration of multiple metal species into the MOF framework remains challenging due to the limited control over metal ion distribution and coordination kinetics during solvothermal crystallization. Furthermore, high-temperature solvothermal conditions lack the ability to precisely tunable morphology and pore structure design. Recently, anisotropic assembly strategies induced by non-centrosymmetric pores have been developed to construct dendritic MOF nanostructures with precisely controllable symmetry and hierarchical porosity. However, synthetic methods that simultaneously combine multi-component MOFs with micellar templates to construct one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical MOFs remain largely unexplored. Therefore, developing a synthetic method for constructing one-dimensional MTV-MOFs with hierarchical porosity remains a formidable challenge, requiring new synthetic strategies that can unify morphology, structure, and composition at the nanoscale. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the common problems of existing one-dimensional MOF materials, such as single composition, simple structure, uneven metal doping, difficulty in controlling pore structure, and lack of multi-level pore control methods, there is still a lack of an effective synthesis strategy for one-dimensional multi-metal MOFs that can uniformly control morphology, pore structure, and composition at the nanoscale. This invention provides a one-dimensional multi-component multi-level porous nanorod metal-organic framework material and its preparation method. This invention adopts a template-induced self-assembly strategy, forming multi-level pores through surfactant self-assembly, and introducing Fe ions with other metal ions for bimetallic covalent coordination to prepare a one-dimensional multi-component multi-level porous nanorod structure. In addition, by adjusting the amount of surfactant, the size of the multi-level pores can be precisely controlled. By changing the organic ligands or organic solvents, other one-dimensional bimetallic layered porous MOF nanorods and layered porous Fe-based MOF materials with different crystal structures can be prepared.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for preparing a one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material, specifically including the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Dissolve the coordination modifier and surfactant in deionized water at a certain mass ratio, and mix them by ultrasonication to form a clear solution;

[0008] Step 2: Add acetic acid and organic solvent to the clear solution from Step 1 to form mixed solution A;

[0009] Step 3: Add ferric nitrate nonahydrate, a nitrate selected from gallium nitrate or indium nitrate, and an organic ligand to the mixed solution A from Step 2 to form mixed solution B;

[0010] Step 4: Stir the mixed solution B obtained in Step 3 at 70-90℃. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain a one-dimensional multi-level porous nanorod metal-organic framework material.

[0011] Further, in step one, the coordination modifier is LAD (disodium lauroyl diacetate), and the surfactant is F127; the mass ratio of the coordination modifier to the surfactant is 1:9; the mass percentage of F127 in the clear solution is 0.5-10 w.

[0012] Further, in step two, the organic solvent is mesitylene or cyclohexane; the volume ratio of the clear solution, acetic acid and organic solvent is 80:3:30.

[0013] Further, in step three, the organic ligand is terephthalic acid, tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (TFTPA), 2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid (2,5-DMTPA), or fumaric acid.

[0014] Furthermore, in step three, the molar ratio of ferric nitrate nonahydrate, a nitrate selected from gallium nitrate or indium nitrate, and an organic ligand is 1:1:1; the molar concentration of ferric nitrate nonahydrate in mixed solution B is 5-60 mM.

[0015] Furthermore, in step four, the stirring rate is 200-700 rpm; the reaction time is 5 h; the centrifugation speed is 8000 rpm and the time is 3 min; the washing solvent is DMF and ethanol; and the drying temperature is 60 ℃.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material, which is prepared by the above method.

[0017] Furthermore, metal-organic framework materials have hierarchical pores, and the pore size can be controlled by the amount of surfactant used.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention achieves, for the first time, the synergistic construction of one-dimensional nanorod morphology and hierarchical channels through Fe / Ga bimetallic co-coordination and template-induced self-assembly, significantly improving specific surface area and active site exposure rate;

[0020] 2. This invention solves the technical problem of simultaneously controlling morphology and pore size by incorporating bimetals to regulate the composition of the metal-organic framework and combining it with surfactants to regulate the size of hierarchical pores.

[0021] 3. By adjusting the ligands or solvents, iron-based hierarchical porous materials with different crystal structures can be synthesized, overcoming the limitation of traditional MOF synthesis methods to a single structure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0023] In the figure: HPNRs represent hierarchical porous nanorods, 1D represents one-dimensional, Simulated represents simulation, MicroCs represents microporous particles, and HPNCs represents hierarchical porous nanoparticles.

[0024] Figure 1 Scanning and transmission images of the 1D Fe / Ga MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1;

[0025] Wherein, a is a low-magnification scan image, b is a single scan image, c is a high-magnification scan image, d is a low-magnification transmission image, e is a single transmission image, f is a high-magnification transmission image, and g is a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image and an image showing the distribution of C, Fe, Ga, and O elements;

[0026] Figure 2 The images show the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs and their simulated X-ray diffraction patterns from Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 Thermogravimetric spectra of 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1 and conventional microporous MIL-88B MicroCs are shown.

[0028] Figure 4 The X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1;

[0029] Wherein, a is the total XPS spectrum of the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs, b is the Fe 2p spectrum, c is the Ga 2p spectrum, and d is the C 1s spectrum;

[0030] Figure 5 The nitrogen adsorption and pore size distribution spectra of the 1D Fe / Ga MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1 are shown.

[0031] Where a is the nitrogen adsorption spectrum and b is the pore size distribution spectrum;

[0032] Figure 6 To achieve a scanning image of aperture size variation by adjusting the quality of F127;

[0033] Wherein, a is a scan image with an F127 dosage of 0.05 g, b is a scan image with an F127 dosage of 0.1 g, c is a scan image with an F127 dosage of 0.2 g, d is a scan image with an F127 dosage of 0.4 g, e is a scan image with an F127 dosage of 0.8 g, f is a low-magnification transmission image with an F127 dosage of 0.05 g, g is a low-magnification transmission image with an F127 dosage of 0.1 g, h is a low-magnification transmission image with an F127 dosage of 0.2 g, i is a low-magnification transmission image with an F127 dosage of 0.4 g, j is a low-magnification transmission image with an F127 dosage of 0.8 g; k is a high-magnification transmission image with an F127 dosage of 0.05 g, l is a high-magnification transmission image with an F127 dosage of 0.1 g, and m is a scan image with an F127 dosage of 0.2 g. High-magnification transmission image at g, n is the high-magnification transmission image at 0.4 g of F127, and o is the high-magnification transmission image at 0.8 g of F127;

[0034] Figure 7 The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of 1D Fe / Ga MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized under different F127 masses in Example 1 are shown below.

[0035] Figure 8 The nitrogen adsorption and pore size distribution spectra of 1D Fe / Ga MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized under different F127 masses in Example 1 are shown.

[0036] Where a is the nitrogen adsorption spectrum; b is the pore size distribution spectrum;

[0037] Figure 9 Scanning and transmission images, as well as scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images and elemental distribution images of the 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs, 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F)HPNRs, 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs, MIL-88A HPNCs, and MIL-101 HPNCs synthesized in Examples 2-6.

[0038] Wherein, a is the scan image of the synthesized 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs, b is the scan image of the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F) HPNRs, c is the scan image of the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs, d is the scan image of the synthesized MIL-88A HPNCs, e is the scan image of the synthesized MIL-101 HPNCs, f is the transmission spectrum of the synthesized 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs, g is the transmission spectrum of the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F) HPNRs, h is the transmission spectrum of the synthesized 1DFe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs, i is the transmission spectrum of the synthesized MIL-88A HPNCs, j is the transmission spectrum of the synthesized MIL-101 HPNCs, and k is the transmission spectrum of the synthesized 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs. The images show the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images and elemental distributions of Fe, In, and C for the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F) HPNRs. The images also show the elemental distributions of Fe, In, and C for the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs, Fe, Ga, and C for the synthesized MIL-88A HPNCs, and Fe, C, and O for the synthesized MIL-101 HPNCs.

[0039] like Figure 10 X-ray diffraction patterns of 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs, 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F) HPNRs, 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs, MIL-88A HPNCs, MIL-101 HPNCs and simulated or corresponding conventional microporous MOFs.

[0040] In the figure, a is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs and the simulated Simulate; b is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F) HPNRs and the conventional microporous MIL-88B(4F) MicroCs; c is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs and the conventional microporous MIL-88B(2CH3) MicroCs; d is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized MIL-88A HPNCs and the simulated Simulate; and e is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized MIL-101 HPNCs and the conventional microporous MIL-101 MicroCs. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To clearly and completely describe the technical solution and its specific working process of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The traditional method for preparing microporous MOFs is as follows: 2.7 g FeCl3·6H2O is dissolved in 20 mL DMF and sonicated for 10 min to form a homogeneous solution. 0.824 g terephthalic acid (BDC) is dissolved in 40 mL DMF and sonicated for 10 min to form a homogeneous solution. The FeCl3·6H2O solution is added to the BDC solution and sonicated for 30 min. The mixed solution is poured into a hydrothermal reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and placed in an oven at 110 °C. After reacting for 20 hours, the reactor is removed from the oven. The reactor is centrifuged repeatedly and washed three times with water and ethanol, respectively.

[0044] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a one-dimensional multi-component MIL-88B hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0045] The coordination modifier LAD and F127 were dissolved in 8.0 mL of deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:9 (coordination modifier to surfactant); the mass percentage of F127 in the clear solution was 0.5-10 wt%. Then, 0.3 mL of acetic acid was added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to form a homogeneous solution. Next, 3 mL of TMB was added to the above solution, and stirring was continued to form a microemulsion system. Subsequently, 84 mg of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 54 mg of Ga(NO3)3·xH2O, and 44 mg of BDC were added sequentially to this mixture, and the reaction was stirred at 80 °C for 5 hours. The resulting product was collected by centrifugation and washed three times with DMF and ethanol, respectively. The thoroughly washed product was dried overnight under vacuum at 60 °C to obtain 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown in the scanning, transmission, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images and elemental distribution images, the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in this embodiment have a one-dimensional Fe / Ga bimetallic hierarchical porous nanostructure.

[0047] like Figure 2 The image shows the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1 and the simulated X-ray diffraction pattern, revealing that it has a MIL-88B crystal structure and good crystallinity.

[0048] like Figure 3 The thermogravimetric spectra of the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1 and the conventional microporous sample are shown. The synthesized 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs have a higher weight loss than the conventional microporous sample. This difference is due to the structural defect caused by the lack of ferrite clusters in the hierarchical porous MOF framework.

[0049] like Figure 4 The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1 are shown below. The XPS results were further used to determine the presence of Ga in the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs matrix. 3+ Ions; Explanation of Ga 3+ Ions were successfully incorporated into the metal-organic framework.

[0050] like Figure 5The image shows the nitrogen adsorption and pore size distribution spectra of the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized in Example 1. The N2 adsorption isotherm shows the gradual absorption of nitrogen and the hysteresis loop, revealing a layered porous structure. This indicates the presence of mesopores in the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs. According to the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) model, the pore size distribution of the 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88BHPNRs falls within the mesopore / macropore range.

[0051] like Figure 6 The figure shows the pore size variation of 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs by adjusting the quality of F127. It can be seen from the figure that as the amount of F127 increases, the pores gradually become smaller.

[0052] like Figure 7 The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized with different masses of F127 are shown, indicating that the samples synthesized with different masses of F127 all have good crystallinity.

[0053] like Figure 8 The nitrogen adsorption and pore size distribution spectra of 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B HPNRs synthesized under different masses of F127 are shown, further confirming their hierarchical porous structure.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional multi-component MIL-88B hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework materials. The second metal source is replaced with In, and 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs are synthesized. The specific steps include:

[0056] 10 mg of LAD and 90 mg of F127 were dissolved in 8.0 mL of deionized water, followed by the addition of 0.3 mL of acetic acid and stirring for 15 minutes to form a homogeneous solution. Next, 3 mL of TMB was added to the solution, and stirring continued to form a microemulsion system. Subsequently, 84 mg of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 68 mg of In(NO3)3·xH2O, and 44 mg of BDC were added sequentially to this mixture, and the reaction was stirred at 80 °C for 5 hours. The resulting product was collected by centrifugation and washed three times with DMF and ethanol, respectively. The thoroughly washed product was dried overnight under vacuum at 60 °C to obtain 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional multi-component MIL-88B hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework materials. The organic ligand is replaced with tetrafluoroterephthalic acid to synthesize 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F) HPNRs, specifically including the following steps:

[0059] 10 mg of LAD and 90 mg of F127 were dissolved in 8.0 mL of deionized water, followed by the addition of 0.3 mL of acetic acid. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to form a homogeneous solution. Then, 3 mL of TMB was added to the solution, and stirring continued to form a microemulsion. Subsequently, 84 mg of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 54 mg of Ga(NO3)3·xH2O, and 44 mg of tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (TFTPA) were added sequentially. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 5 hours. The final product was collected by centrifugation and washed three times with DMF and ethanol, respectively.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional multi-component MIL-88B hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework materials. The organic ligand is replaced with dimethyl terephthalic acid to synthesize 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs, specifically including the following steps:

[0062] 10 mg of LAD and 90 mg of F127 were dissolved in 8.0 mL of deionized water, followed by the addition of 0.3 mL of acetic acid. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to form a homogeneous solution. Then, 3 mL of TMB was added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred to form a microemulsion. Subsequently, 84 mg of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 54 mg of Ga(NO3)3·xH2O, and 44 mg of 2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid (2,5-DMTPA) were added sequentially to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 5 hours. The resulting product was collected by centrifugation and washed three times each with DMF and ethanol.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional multi-component MIL-88B hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework materials, which can be extended to the synthesis of iron-based MOFs with other crystal structures, such as iron-based hierarchical porous MIL-88A. The organic ligand is replaced with fumaric acid, and ferric nitrate nonahydrate is used as the metal salt to synthesize MIL-88A HPNCs. The specific steps include:

[0065] 10 mg of LAD and 90 mg of F127 were dissolved in 8.0 mL of deionized water, followed by the addition of 0.6 mL of acetic acid. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to form a homogeneous solution. Then, 3 mL of TMB was added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred to form a microemulsion. Subsequently, 84 mg of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and 30 mg of fumaric acid (FMA) were added. The mixture was stirred at 80°C for 5 hours. The resulting product was collected by centrifugation and washed three times with DMF and ethanol, respectively.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] This embodiment provides a method for preparing one-dimensional multi-component MIL-88B hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework materials, which can be extended to the synthesis of iron-based MOFs with other crystal structures, such as iron-based hierarchical porous MIL-101. The method involves replacing TMB with cyclohexane and using ferric nitrate nonahydrate as the metal salt to synthesize MIL-101 HPNCs. The specific steps include:

[0068] 10 mg of LAD and 90 mg of F127 were dissolved in 8.0 mL of deionized water, followed by the addition of 0.3 mL of acetic acid. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes to form a homogeneous solution. Then, 3 mL of cyclohexane was added to the solution, and stirring continued to form a microemulsion system. Subsequently, 84 mg of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and 44 mg of terephthalic acid (BDC) were added. The mixture was stirred at 90°C for 5 hours. The final product was collected by centrifugation and washed three times with DMF and ethanol, respectively.

[0069] like Figure 9 As shown, this demonstrates the successful synthesis of various one-dimensional multi-element MOFs and other iron-based hierarchical porous MOFs, proving that the synthesis method established in this invention has high controllability and versatility.

[0070] like Figure 10 X-ray diffraction patterns of 1D Fe / In-MIL-88B HPNRs, 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(4F) HPNRs, 1D Fe / Ga-MIL-88B(2CH3) HPNRs, MIL-88A HPNCs, MIL-101 HPNCs and simulated or corresponding conventional microporous MOFs reveal their good crystallinity.

[0071] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0072] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0073] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a one-dimensional, multi-component, hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include the following: Step 1: Dissolve the coordination modifier and surfactant in deionized water at a certain mass ratio, and mix them by ultrasonication to form a clear solution; Step 2: Add acetic acid and organic solvent to the clear solution from Step 1 to form mixed solution A; Step 3: Add ferric nitrate nonahydrate, a nitrate selected from gallium nitrate or indium nitrate, and an organic ligand to the mixed solution A from Step 2 to form mixed solution B; Step 4: Stir the mixed solution B obtained in Step 3 at 70-90℃, and after the reaction is complete, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain a one-dimensional multi-dimensional hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material. In step one, the coordination modifier is LAD and the surfactant is F127; the mass ratio of the coordination modifier to the surfactant is 1:9; and the mass percentage of the surfactant in the clear solution is 0.5-10 wt%.

2. The method for preparing a one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the organic solvent is mesitylene or cyclohexane; the volume ratio of the clear solution, acetic acid and organic solvent is 80:3:

30.

3. The method for preparing a one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the organic ligand is terephthalic acid, tetrafluoroterephthalic acid, 2,5-dimethylterephthalic acid, or fumaric acid.

4. The method for preparing a one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the molar ratio of ferric nitrate nonahydrate, a nitrate selected from gallium nitrate or indium nitrate, and an organic ligand is 1:1:1; the molar concentration of ferric nitrate nonahydrate in mixed solution B is 5-60 mM.

5. The method for preparing a one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the stirring rate is 200-700 rpm; the reaction time is 5 h; the centrifugation speed is 8000 rpm and the time is 3 min; the washing solvent is DMF and ethanol; and the drying temperature is 60℃.

6. A one-dimensional, multi-component, hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material, characterized in that, It is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

7. The one-dimensional multi-component hierarchical porous nanorod metal-organic framework material as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Metal-organic framework materials have hierarchical pores, and the pore size can be controlled by the amount of surfactant used.

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