Temperature-responsive biomimetic antifouling coating and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a temperature-responsive biomimetic antifouling coating and a preparation method thereof. The biomimetic antifouling coating comprises a deformation induction layer for responding to temperature change and an antifouling layer on the deformation induction layer; the Young's modulus of the antifouling layer is more than 2000 times of the Young's modulus of the deformation induction layer; the thermal expansion coefficient of the deformation induction layer is greater than 100 ppm / ℃; and the biomimetic antifouling coating presents the following dynamic morphology change after the ambient temperature changes: 1) the ambient temperature decreases from T1 to T2, and the biomimetic antifouling coating changes from a flat state to a wrinkled state; 2) the ambient temperature increases from T2 to T1, and the biomimetic antifouling coating changes from the wrinkled state to the flat state; wherein the temperature T1 is greater than 35℃, the temperature T2 is less than 35℃, and the difference between T1 and T2 is greater than 5℃. Under the influence of temperature change, the biomimetic antifouling coating utilizes the dynamic deformation of the wrinkles on the coating surface to provide interface stress separation of the deposited minerals with high Young's modulus to realize antifouling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional materials technology. More specifically, it relates to a temperature-responsive biomimetic anti-fouling coating and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Water systems typically contain a large number of coexisting mineral ions. These ions can deposit on the surfaces of equipment and instruments through surface-induced nucleation or supersaturation caused by environmental changes. Mineral deposition problems affect many sectors of society, including industrial production, healthcare, and energy utilization. In industrial production, mineral deposition often leads to pipe blockages, equipment failures, energy losses, and even safety issues. In the healthcare field, when medical catheters are exposed to bodily fluids such as urine, mineral ions (calcium and magnesium ions) in the water can bind to biofilms and deposit within the catheter lumen, significantly increasing the risk of blockages and secondary infections.

[0003] Surface engineering technology has become an advanced anti-fouling and anti-scale method due to its advantages such as simple preparation, high efficiency, and durability. However, existing surface engineering technologies, such as those using superhydrophobic materials, superhydrophilic materials, oil-layer superwetting materials, and materials that release inhibitors for anti-fouling and anti-scale, generally suffer from the problem that the surface gas layer and oil layer are easily lost in the aquatic environment due to dissolution or scouring, resulting in a decrease in anti-fouling and anti-scale effect. At the same time, the oil layer and released inhibitors pose problems of environmental pollution and potential risks to human health. Zhang et al. (Prog. Org. Coat. 2025, 200, 108992) used a microcapsule oil storage / release strategy to replenish the surface oil layer to achieve long-term anti-fouling; however, the oil storage capacity inside the microcapsules limits its service life, and the lost oil also brings environmental burden and risks. Wang et al. (Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2209796) replenished the surface gas layer through an external air replenishment strategy; however, the large buoyancy of air and the difficulty in replenishing the gas layer after it is replaced by water limit the use of the coating. Therefore, developing a long-term stable, safe and reliable anti-adhesion coating is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the first objective of this invention is to provide a temperature-responsive biomimetic anti-fouling coating. This biomimetic anti-fouling coating, under the influence of temperature changes, utilizes the dynamic deformation of the coating surface wrinkles (from planar to folded) to provide interfacial stress for the removal of deposited minerals with high Young's modulus, thus achieving a coating that removes scale and prevents fouling. It possesses highly efficient, stable, replenishment-free, safe, and environmentally friendly dynamic anti-fouling capabilities.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the temperature-responsive biomimetic anti-fouling coating as described above.

[0006] To achieve the first objective mentioned above, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention discloses a temperature-responsive biomimetic anti-scaling coating, which includes a deformation-inducing layer for responding to temperature changes and an anti-scaling and anti-fouling layer located on the deformation-inducing layer.

[0008] The Young's modulus of the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer is more than 2,000 times that of the deformation-induced layer;

[0009] The coefficient of thermal expansion of the deformation-induced layer is >100 ppm / ℃;

[0010] The biomimetic anti-scaling coating exhibits the following dynamic morphological changes after changes in ambient temperature:

[0011] 1) As the ambient temperature drops from T1 to T2, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating changes from a flat state to a wrinkled state;

[0012] 2) As the ambient temperature rises from T2 to T1, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating changes from a wrinkled state to a flat state;

[0013] Among them, temperature T1 is above 35℃, temperature T2 is below 35℃, and the difference between T1 and T2 is above 5℃.

[0014] Furthermore, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating remains flat at ambient temperatures above 35°C, but wrinkles appear below 35°C. The lower the temperature, the more wrinkled the coating becomes. Even after further cooling below room temperature, the wrinkles do not change significantly. The purpose of this design is to address the issue that in daily life, scale accumulation accelerates around 40°C, leading to stubborn scale buildup over long periods of temperature cycling. Existing surface superwetting materials suffer from issues with the easy loss of gas layers, oil layers, and released substances in dynamic environments, causing most surfaces to lose their anti-scaling and anti-fouling capabilities after prolonged use, posing risks to environmental and biosafety. Therefore, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating of this invention can dynamically deform within a temperature range of room temperature to 40°C to achieve scale removal and anti-fouling. Specifically, when the coating surface is kept above 35°C for a long time, the coating is in a flat state and scale continues to accumulate. After the temperature drops (by more than 5°C), it becomes wrinkled. The deformation of the surface provides mechanical stress, causing the high Young's modulus deposited minerals to fall off, thus removing scale. If the ambient temperature rises to above 35°C again, the coating will return to a flat state. Compared with traditional static surfaces that rely on chemical substances and gas / oil layers, this coating is more stable and efficient, and can achieve safe and environmentally friendly dynamic anti-scaling and anti-fouling.

[0015] The large difference in Young's modulus between the anti-fouling layer and the deformation-inducing layer ensures the formation of the wrinkled structure. In one specific embodiment, the Young's modulus of the anti-fouling layer is more than 3,000, 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000, or 30,000 times that of the deformation-inducing layer.

[0016] Controlling the coefficient of thermal expansion of the deformation-induced layer allows it to exhibit minute thermal expansion and contraction properties, enabling it to reversibly transform from flat to wrinkled after changes in ambient temperature. It is important to note that if the ambient temperature change is too small, the deformation may be minimal, affecting the descaling effect. A temperature difference of at least 5°C (preferably at least 10°C) is recommended. For example, in the environment of a household electric water heater, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating surface is flat at an ambient temperature of 37°C and wrinkled at room temperature. As the ambient temperature rises from room temperature to 37°C, the wrinkles gradually transform into a flat surface, and as the temperature drops from 37°C back to room temperature, the flat surface gradually transforms back into wrinkles. This dynamic wrinkle deformation provides stress to achieve descaling. In one specific embodiment, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the deformation-induced layer is 250-400 ppm / °C.

[0017] Furthermore, the thickness of the deformation-inducing layer is not less than 100 µm, preferably 100-300 µm;

[0018] The thickness of the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer is 20-100 nm.

[0019] Furthermore, in the wrinkled state, the wavelength of the wrinkled structure ranges from 1 to 300 µm, and the amplitude ranges from 0.1 to 20 µm. The wavelength and amplitude of the wrinkled structure are mainly related to the thickness of the antifouling and anti-fouling layer, the Young's modulus of the deformation-induced layer, and temperature changes. Increasing the thickness of the antifouling and anti-fouling layer leads to an increase in the amplitude and wavelength of the wrinkled structure. As the thickness increases from 20 nm to 100 nm, the amplitude of the wrinkled structure increases from 0.1 µm to 1.1 µm, and the wavelength increases from 1 µm to 10 µm. When the modulus of the deformation-induced layer varies from 42 kPa to 2.1 MPa, the amplitude and wavelength of the wrinkles increase as the modulus decreases. As the modulus decreases from 2.1 MPa to 42 kPa, the amplitude increases from 1.1 µm to 20 µm, and the wavelength increases from 10 µm to 300 µm. As the temperature decreases more rapidly, the amplitude of the folds increases, while the wavelength remains almost unchanged. As the temperature drops from 37°C to room temperature (24°C), folds gradually appear, and the amplitude gradually increases. Under these combined effects, precise control of the folded structure from the nanometer to the micrometer level can ultimately be achieved.

[0020] Furthermore, the Young's modulus of the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer is 520 MPa-168 GPa;

[0021] The Young's modulus of the deformation-inducing layer is 42 kPa-2.1 MPa.

[0022] Furthermore, the deformation-inducing layer is obtained by curing monomers and crosslinking agents;

[0023] The monomers are selected from polydimethylsiloxane 184 and / or silicone rubber ecoflex00-30. Since the above monomers are all commercially available products, the crosslinking agents selected can all be products compatible with the monomers.

[0024] Furthermore, the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer contains functional thin film materials, which can be divided into two categories, including inorganic metal materials such as platinum nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles, and one or more organic rigid polymers such as polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, and 4-vinylbenzyl anthracene methyl ether-n-butyl acrylate copolymer.

[0025] To achieve the second objective mentioned above, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0026] This invention discloses a method for preparing the biomimetic anti-scaling coating as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0027] The monomer and the matching crosslinking agent are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to obtain the coating liquid;

[0028] The coating liquid is spin-coated onto the substrate, and after pre-curing, a semi-cured deformation-inducing layer is obtained;

[0029] The supporting material is infiltrated into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer, and after complete curing, the biomimetic anti-fouling coating is obtained.

[0030] Furthermore, the mass ratio of monomer to matching crosslinking agent is 1:1 to 1:10. Different mass ratios result in different Young's moduli of the coating. The wavelength and amplitude of the wrinkled structure can be controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of monomer to matching crosslinking agent.

[0031] Furthermore, depending on the functional thin film material, vapor deposition or coating methods are selected to penetrate the support material into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer.

[0032] Furthermore, the parameters for vapor deposition were 20 mA and the vacuum level was less than 4.0 Pa;

[0033] The mass fraction of the solution containing the functional thin film material prepared in the coating process is 1-5%.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] The temperature-responsive biomimetic anti-fouling coating prepared in this invention includes a deformation-inducing layer that responds to temperature changes and an anti-fouling layer located on top of the deformation-inducing layer. Through changes in ambient temperature, the biomimetic anti-fouling coating dynamically switches between a wrinkled state and a flat state, providing interfacial stress to actively remove mineral fouling. The dynamic wrinkling interface deformation is environmentally adaptable (e.g., environmental temperature changes, with a temperature change range exceeding 5°C) to achieve dynamic wrinkling without requiring external energy introduction (e.g., electricity, magnetic fields), thus avoiding potential risks. This environmentally adaptable interfacial deformation introduces interfacial stress, causing the detachment of deposited high Young's modulus minerals, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional static surface protection that relies on chemical release and gas / oil layer instability.

[0036] The biomimetic anti-fouling coating of the present invention can achieve precise control of the wrinkled structure from nanometer to micrometer through precise regulation. In its wrinkled state, the wavelength of the wrinkled structure is 1-300 µm and the amplitude is 0.1-20 µm.

[0037] In a 120-hour mineral experiment in a supersaturated mineral salt solution, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating of this invention exhibited a 98% descaling efficiency compared to a static plane, with scale deposition controlled at 0.05 mg / cm³. 2 Within this range, the mineral deposition on the static plane reached 2.5 mg / cm³. 2 .

[0038] The preparation method of this biomimetic anti-scaling coating is simple and convenient. The strong interaction between the deformation-inducing layer and the anti-scaling and anti-fouling layer ensures the high stability of the material and enables repeated environmental adaptive dynamic deformation.

[0039] This invention overcomes the problems of easy failure and secondary pollution of existing surface protective layers by introducing stress into the interface anti-scaling design through dynamic surface deformation. It provides a new, efficient, durable, safe and reliable anti-scaling solution, which is expected to be applied in scenarios with changing environmental temperatures, such as industrial water systems, water heater systems (including pipes and shower heads), and medical catheters. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 A three-dimensional confocal image of the biomimetic anti-fouling coating of Example 1 is shown.

[0042] Figure 2 The image shows the interface deformation of the environmentally adaptable biomimetic anti-fouling coating prepared in Example 1 as the ambient temperature changes.

[0043] Figure 3The image shows the environmentally adaptable biomimetic anti-fouling coating prepared in Example 5 undergoing interfacial deformation to provide stress and achieve mineral exfoliation. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, further explains the invention. Similar components in the drawings are indicated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific description below is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Unless otherwise stated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A double-layer biomimetic anti-fouling coating was prepared by selecting an anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer (an inorganic nano-platinum layer with a Young's modulus of 168 GPa) with a Young's modulus difference much greater than 3000 times and a deformation-inducing layer (prepared from polydimethylsiloxane 184 and a crosslinking agent at a mass ratio of 10:1, with a Young's modulus of 2.1 MPa after crosslinking). The steps are as follows:

[0048] 1) Mix polydimethylsiloxane 184 and crosslinking agent at a mass ratio of 10:1 until homogeneous, and remove air bubbles;

[0049] 2) Spin coat the material from step 1) onto the substrate at a spin coating speed of 1000 rpm / min for 30 seconds at room temperature, and pre-cur it at 60℃ for 15-30 min to obtain a semi-cured deformation-induced layer.

[0050] 3) On the basis of the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer in step 2), inorganic platinum nanoparticles are vapor-deposited by ion sputtering (current of 20 mA, vapor deposition time of 540 s) to form an inorganic nano-platinum layer. The inorganic nano-platinum layer can penetrate into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer to form a mechanical interlocking structure.

[0051] 4) The semi-cured composite coating from step 3) is completely cured at 37-60℃ for 12 h, resulting in an environmentally adaptable biomimetic anti-scaling coating. The deformation-inducing layer has a thickness of 100 µm, and the inorganic nano-platinum layer has a thickness of 100 nm. Changes on the surface of the biomimetic anti-scaling coating are captured using temperature variations, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the coating is flat at 37°C and wrinkled at 24°C. The cyclical nature of dynamic wrinkles (flat-wrinkled-flat-wrinkled) can also be observed, and it can be repeated multiple times. Its amplitude is 1.10 µm and its wavelength is 10.33 µm.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1, except that the vapor deposition time is extended to 120s, and the thickness of the inorganic nano-platinum layer is adjusted to 22 nm. The prepared biomimetic anti-fouling coating can also achieve the same wrinkle dynamic deformation as in Example 1, with an amplitude of 0.14 µm and a wavelength of 2.47 µm.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane 184 and crosslinking agent is adjusted to 20:1, so that the Young's modulus of the deformation-induced layer becomes 680 kPa. The prepared biomimetic anti-scalding coating can also achieve the same wrinkle dynamic deformation as in Example 1, with an amplitude of 1.85 µm and a wavelength of 35.57 µm.

[0056] Test Example 1

[0057] The anti-scaling performance of the biomimetic anti-scaling coatings prepared in Examples 1-3 was tested. The specific steps were as follows: the substrate coated with the test coating was placed in a supersaturated calcium sulfate mineral solution. The temperature of the mineral solution simulated the temperature range of industrial cooling water or a water heater (24-37℃), and the mineral deposition was observed after 120 h. The results showed that the mineral deposition amount on Examples 1, 2, and 3 was 0.026 mg / cm³. 2 0.045 mg / cm 2 and 0.039 mg / cm 2 It was found that there was almost no mineral deposition on the coating surface of each embodiment, and the mineral content on the coating surface was less than 0.05 mg / cm³. 2 The biomimetic anti-scaling coating exhibits excellent anti-scaling performance. This effect comes from the stress provided during the dynamic surface temperature drop from 37°C to 24°C, as the plane transforms into wrinkles, thus enabling the minerals to self-peel off from the surface and resist mineral deposition.

[0058] The coatings from Examples 1-3 were placed in a supersaturated mineral solution at temperatures simulating those of a water heater (24-37°C, with a temperature change rate of approximately 1°C / 3min) for up to one month. The stability of the underwater dynamic wrinkle coating against mineral adhesion was observed. It was found that the coating still maintained good anti-scaling performance after 30 days, and the dynamic wrinkle cycle performance remained stable.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of polydimethylsiloxane 184 and crosslinking agent is adjusted to 50:1, so that the Young's modulus of the deformation-induced layer becomes 42 kPa. The prepared biomimetic anti-scalding coating can also achieve the same wrinkle dynamic deformation as in Example 1, with an amplitude of 27.41 µm and a wavelength of 265.41 µm.

[0061] The anti-scaling performance of the coating prepared in Comparative Example 1 was tested. The specific steps were as follows: the substrate coated with the test coating was placed in a supersaturated calcium sulfate mineral solution. The temperature of the mineral solution simulated the temperature range of industrial cooling water or a water heater (24-37℃), and the mineral deposition was observed after 120 h. The results showed that the mineral deposition on Comparative Example 1 reached 4.57 mg / cm³. 2 It far exceeds 0.05 mg / cm³. 2 It is difficult to achieve a good anti-scaling effect.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] A double-layer biomimetic anti-fouling coating was prepared by selecting an anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer (composed of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, with a Young's modulus of 520 MPa) with a Young's modulus difference much greater than 3000 times and a deformation-inducing layer (prepared from silicone rubber ecoflex00-30 and a crosslinking agent at a mass ratio of 1:1, with a Young's modulus of 0.17 MPa). The steps are as follows:

[0064] 1) Mix the silicone rubber ecoflex00-30 monomer and crosslinking agent at a mass ratio of 1:1 until homogeneous, and remove air bubbles;

[0065] 2) Spin coat the material from step 1) onto the substrate at a spin coating speed of 1000 rpm / min for 30 seconds at room temperature, and pre-cur it at 60℃ for 15-30 min to obtain a semi-cured deformation-induced layer.

[0066] 3) Dissolve polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate in toluene solvent to form an organic solution with a mass fraction of 1%. Spin coat the organic solution onto the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer in step 2) to form an organic layer. The spin coating rate is 1000 rpm / min and the time is 60s. The organic layer can penetrate into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer to form a mechanical interlocking structure.

[0067] 4) The semi-cured composite coating from step 3) was left to cure completely at room temperature for 6 hours, resulting in an environmentally adaptable biomimetic anti-fouling coating. The deformation-induced layer has a thickness of 100 µm, and the organic layer has a thickness of 26 nm. The changes on the surface of the biomimetic anti-fouling coating were captured by temperature range variation. When the temperature was above 37 °C, the coating was flat. When the temperature was lowered to room temperature, the coating was wrinkled. The cyclical nature of dynamic wrinkles (flat-wrinkled-flat-wrinkled) could also be observed and could be repeated multiple times. The amplitude was 0.15 µm and the wavelength was 1.86 µm.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] The preparation process is the same as in Example 4, except that the mass fraction of the organic solution is increased to 5%, so that the thickness of the organic layer becomes 78 nm. The prepared biomimetic anti-fouling coating can also achieve the same wrinkle dynamic deformation as in Example 4, with an amplitude of 0.99 µm and a wavelength of 10.11 µm.

[0070] Test Example 2

[0071] The descaling performance of the biomimetic anti-scaling coatings prepared in Examples 4-5 was tested. The specific steps were as follows: the substrate coated with the test coating was placed in a supersaturated calcium sulfate mineral solution at 37°C for 24 hours. Figure 3 The biomimetic anti-scaling coating shown in Example 5 involves mineral deposition on a flat surface. When the temperature drops to room temperature, the coating actively removes the minerals from the surface through stress generated by dynamic deformation. The mineral deposition rate on the sample from Example 4 was 3.74 mg / cm³. 2 Reduced to 0.07 mg / cm 2 The mineral removal rate reached 98%, and the mineral deposition on the sample in Example 5 decreased from 4.09 mg / cm³. 2 Reduced to 0.04 mg / cm 2 The mineral removal rate reached 99%, achieving the removal of deposited minerals after changes in the external environment.

[0072] The cyclic descaling performance of the biomimetic anti-scaling coatings prepared in Examples 4-5 was tested. The specific steps were as follows: the substrate coated with the coating to be tested was placed in a supersaturated calcium sulfate mineral solution at 37°C for 24 h. The minerals were deposited on the flat biomimetic anti-scaling coating. When the temperature dropped to room temperature, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating actively peeled off the minerals on the surface through the stress generated by dynamic deformation. The above steps were repeated for 6 cycles of 37°C scaling and room temperature descaling. It was found that Examples 4 and 5 both maintained a mineral removal rate of over 98%.

[0073] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature-responsive biomimetic anti-scaling coating, characterized in that, The biomimetic anti-scaling coating includes a deformation-inducing layer that responds to temperature changes and an anti-scaling and anti-fouling layer located on top of the deformation-inducing layer. The Young's modulus of the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer is more than 2,000 times that of the deformation-induced layer; The coefficient of thermal expansion of the deformation-induced layer is >100 ppm / ℃; The biomimetic anti-scaling coating exhibits the following dynamic morphological changes after changes in ambient temperature: 1) As the ambient temperature drops from T1 to T2, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating changes from a flat state to a wrinkled state; 2) As the ambient temperature rises from T2 to T1, the biomimetic anti-scaling coating changes from a wrinkled state to a flat state; Among them, temperature T1 is above 35℃, temperature T2 is below 35℃, and the difference between T1 and T2 is above 5℃; The deformation-inducing layer is obtained by curing monomers and crosslinking agents; The monomer is selected from polydimethylsiloxane 184 and / or silicone rubber ecoflex00-30; The anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer contains a functional thin film material, which includes one or more of the following: platinum nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, and 4-vinylbenzyl anthracene methyl ether-n-butyl acrylate copolymer. The temperature-responsive biomimetic anti-fouling coating was prepared according to the following steps: The monomer and the matching crosslinking agent are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to obtain the coating liquid; The coating liquid is spin-coated onto the substrate, and after pre-curing, a semi-cured deformation-inducing layer is obtained; The functional thin film material is infiltrated into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer, and after complete curing, the biomimetic anti-fouling coating is obtained. Depending on the functional thin film material, vapor deposition or coating methods are selected to penetrate the functional thin film material into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer.

2. The biomimetic anti-scaling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Young's modulus of the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer is more than 3,000 times that of the deformation-induced layer.

3. The biomimetic anti-scaling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the deformation-inducing layer is not less than 100 µm; The thickness of the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer is 20-100 nm.

4. The biomimetic anti-scaling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the folded state, the wavelength of the folded structure is 1-300 µm and the amplitude is 0.1-20 µm.

5. The biomimetic anti-scaling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Young's modulus of the anti-fouling and anti-scaling layer is 520 MPa-168 GPa; The Young's modulus of the deformation-inducing layer is 42 kPa-2.1 MPa.

6. A method for preparing a biomimetic anti-scaling coating as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The monomer and the matching crosslinking agent are mixed evenly in a certain proportion to obtain the coating liquid; The coating liquid is spin-coated onto the substrate, and after pre-curing, a semi-cured deformation-inducing layer is obtained; The functional thin film material is infiltrated into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer, and after complete curing, the biomimetic anti-fouling coating is obtained. Depending on the functional thin film material, vapor deposition or coating methods are selected to penetrate the functional thin film material into the semi-cured deformation-inducing layer.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The parameters for vapor deposition were 20 mA and the vacuum level was less than 4.0 Pa. The mass fraction of the solution containing the functional thin film material prepared in the coating process is 1-5%.

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