Plastic track thickness gauge and measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a plastic runway thickness gauge and a measuring method. The plastic runway thickness gauge comprises a mobile platform, an ultrasonic sensing module, a positioning module and a data processing unit. The measurement method comprises the following steps: step 1, importing related technical parameters of a pre-test field, selecting the category and the type of the field, delimiting and positioning a pre-measurement area and measurement points by using a positioning module, and determining the number of the measurement points; step 2, starting the thickness gauge, and measuring a pre-measuring point, specifically, applying pressure to the measuring point to the measured surface through an automatic adjustable telescopic measuring head arranged in the machine body, and enabling the direction of the force to be perpendicular to the measured surface; 3, 11 groups of ultrasonic echo signals are continuously collected, and a Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted for noise reduction; 4, calculating the thickness of the plastic track based on a formula; step 5, an automatic retest mechanism; according to the invention, large measurement data deviation caused by lack of strict operation specifications, visual errors of testers, test fatigue and the like is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of measurement and detection technology, and in particular to a plastic runway thickness gauge and a measurement method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's sports industry, professional competitive sports events and mass sports, cultural, and entertainment activities are becoming increasingly frequent. Outdoor sports venues—plastic running tracks—are a representative example. These include Olympic sports centers, primary and secondary schools, university stadiums, and local outdoor sports centers under the jurisdiction of national, provincial, and municipal sports bureaus. Therefore, plastic running tracks are widely used for competitive sports, fitness, and leisure activities. As is well known, the service life of plastic running tracks is typically 8 to 10 years, making their technical performance, especially safety, a crucial performance indicator.

[0003] Thickness is an important technical indicator of the plastic track. In the construction of the plastic track, the control of its thickness is an important technical link. It is not only related to the durability and comfort of the track, but also closely related to the athletes' competition results, safety performance, etc. The performance test of the thickness of the plastic track is to randomly select different points on site within the entire area where the plastic track is laid to measure the thickness of the plastic paving at the selected points. According to the relevant standards (GB / T14833-2020 "Synthetic Material Surface Sports Fields", GB36246-2018 "Synthetic Material Surface Sports Fields for Primary and Secondary Schools", GB / T22517.6-2020 "Requirements for the Use and Inspection Methods of Sports Venues Part 6: Track and Field Venues", the number of points for the laying thickness detection of the plastic track of the 400-meter track and field venue is nearly 400, and the thickness is measured one by one.

[0004] However, the current plastic track thickness measurement instruments and methods mostly use a three-pin thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the plastic track. The characteristics of this thickness gauge are light weight, small size, easy to carry, and simple to operate, but the measurement error is large and the measurement accuracy is low. In particular, when measuring the thickness of the plastic track, the test surface of the three-pin tester needs to be perpendicular to the surface of the plastic track. The tester is held in the hand and one end of the tester is pressed down hard so that the three probes installed at the end of the tester are pressed to the bottom of the plastic track. The pressure applied is stopped when the bottom of the plastic track contacts the surface of the base layer. The process of applying pressure to the surface of the base layer is completely judged by human feeling. At this time, the value displayed on the telescopic rod of the thickness gauge can be directly read, which is the thickness of the plastic track. As the number of detection points increases, the tester repeats the bending / squatting pressure test hundreds of times, and then stands up and walks to measure the thickness and read the data. The measurement error is usually between 2mm and 3mm or even larger, and the test data has a large human factor.

[0005] The base materials adjacent to the plastic track are usually asphalt concrete, cement concrete, basic fine sand and other materials. The selection of base materials is mainly based on the principles of load-bearing capacity, impermeability, and stability, with safety and practicality as the primary considerations. When measuring the thickness of the plastic track, the thickness gauge probe (three-needle method) penetrates the bottom of the laid plastic track. Due to differences in the base materials used, laying processes and uses, workers operating the thickness gauge to press the probe into the bottom of the laid material thickness cannot accurately sense whether it is the actual measured thickness. In addition, due to different base materials and different surface hardness, the measurement accuracy cannot meet the accuracy of thickness measurement.

[0006] The data acquisition of the three-needle thickness gauge is intuitive marking data reading. It has no data reception, storage, analysis and other functions. The measurement data is based on human subjective judgment. In addition, the workload of data recording, processing, calculation, etc. is large and prone to errors. The test results of the test points are difficult to trace. The detection method is rough and unscientific and cannot meet the requirements of accurate measurement.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of plastic track thickness gauge and measurement method, which not only has a scientific measurement method and high measurement data accuracy, but also has intelligent data collection, storage, analysis and output functions, providing scientific technical support for the design, construction, acceptance, inspection and testing, and daily maintenance and management of plastic tracks. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plastic track thickness gauge and measurement method. Through intelligent design, the significant technical bottlenecks of the existing mainstream three-needle thickness gauge are solved: 1. Outdated operation mode: It relies on manual pressing operation, requires frequent bending and squatting, and the operation time of a single measuring point is long (about 20s to 30s per point), which is labor-intensive; 2. Low measurement accuracy: The reading is read using a mechanical telescopic rod, and the error is usually 2mm to 3mm, or even larger. It is also affected by the hardness difference of the base material (asphalt, concrete, gravel, etc.), and the judgment of the probe touching the bottom is highly subjective; 3. Lack of data management: The manual recording method is used, which is prone to misrecording and omission, and lacks data traceability, analysis and visualization functions, cannot meet the requirements of digital management, and is difficult to adapt to the refined management requirements of modern sports venues.

[0009] A plastic runway thickness gauge, comprising a mobile platform, an ultrasonic sensor module, a positioning module and a data processing unit;

[0010] The mobile platform includes a body, universal wheels provided at the lower end of the body, and a retractable controller provided at the upper end of the body;

[0011] The ultrasonic sensor module includes an ultrasonic transmitting module and an ultrasonic receiving module and both are electrically connected to the data processing unit. The ultrasonic transmitting module transmits ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 1 MHz to 15 MHz.

[0012] The positioning module includes a laser positioning module and a Beidou positioning module, and the laser positioning module and the Beidou positioning module are both electrically connected to the data processing unit;

[0013] The data processing unit has a built-in Kalman filter algorithm.

[0014] Furthermore, the ultrasonic transmitting module is a waterproof piezoelectric ceramic probe with a diameter of Φ50mm and a measuring range of 5mm-30mm.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is also included;

[0016] An electric telescopic rod is provided inside the body, and the electric telescopic rod is extended vertically upward and downward; a device installation box is provided at the end of the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod, and the ultrasonic transmitting module and the ultrasonic receiving module are provided inside the device installation box, and the device installation box is provided with a transmitting channel and a receiving channel respectively;

[0017] The pressure sensor is fixed at the lower end of the body and is located next to the ultrasonic emission module; and the pressure sensor is flush with the side of the device installation box that contacts the plastic runway;

[0018] The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the data processing unit.

[0019] The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the data processing unit. When the probe of the pressure sensor is in parallel contact with the plastic track, the ultrasonic transmitter module is in parallel contact with the plastic track. Under a certain pressure, the ultrasonic transmitter module can ensure perfect contact with the plastic track. The pressure can be set to 10 to 20N.

[0020] Furthermore, the pressure sensor has a measuring range of 0N to 20N and an accuracy of ±0.1N.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a touch screen display and control buttons;

[0022] The touch screen display at least includes: a real-time ultrasonic waveform, a sampling rate of 1 MHz; a dynamic curve of thickness measurement values, a time axis resolution of 0.1 s; a remaining power indicator; and a buzzer alarm prompt; the touch screen display is electrically connected to the data processing unit;

[0023] The control buttons at least include a power button and a measurement button.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes a cloud storage, which is remotely connected to the data processing unit for communication and is used to back up all operating data, thickness measurement data, and calculation data of the data processing unit.

[0025] Furthermore, the data processing unit is equipped with an industrial-grade ARM Cortex-A7 processor, a built-in 128GB storage module and a 4G / 5G communication interface.

[0026] A method for measuring a plastic track thickness gauge using the aforementioned plastic track thickness gauge includes the following steps: Step 1: importing a measurement site drawing and relevant parameters, wherein the relevant parameters include at least the length, width, reference stake positions, curve radius, and number of runways of the measurement site; based on the measurement site parameters and using the positioning module of the plastic track thickness gauge, demarcating and positioning the pre-measurement area and pre-measurement points, and determining the number of measurement points;

[0027] Step 2: Turn on the plastic track thickness gauge and measure the predicted points one by one. Specifically, a constant contact force of 5N±0.2N is applied to the measured surface through the electric telescopic rod installed inside the body.

[0028] Step 3: Continuously collect 11 sets of ultrasonic echo signals and use the Kalman filter algorithm to reduce noise. The first set of collected ultrasonic signals is used for preparation and calibration before measurement.

[0029] Step 4: Calculate the thickness of the plastic track based on the formula

[0030]

[0031] Where:

[0032] d—Plastic material thickness;

[0033] v—the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in plastic materials;

[0034] t—the time difference between the ultrasonic wave emitted from the measurement surface and the reflection from the interface surface of the base layer (the contact surface between the measurement base layer and the base layer); Step 5, calculate the standard deviation of the ultrasonic echo signal calculation results collected from the remaining 10 groups except the first group. If σ>0.5mm, the automatic re-measurement mechanism is triggered.

[0035] Furthermore, in step 3, the recursive formula of the Kalman filter algorithm is:

[0036]

[0037] Where A, B, H, I, P, Q, and R are the state transfer matrix, control matrix, observation matrix, identity matrix, covariance matrix of updated state estimation, process noise covariance, and observation noise covariance, respectively.

[0038] Where A, B, H, I, P, Q, and R are the state transfer matrix, control matrix, observation matrix, identity matrix, covariance matrix of updated state estimation, process noise covariance, and observation noise covariance, respectively;

[0039] in, is the state vector, which represents the ultrasonic propagation parameters at the kth time step, including propagation time t and velocity v;

[0040] zk is the observation vector, i.e. the continuously collected ultrasonic echo signal data;

[0041] K k is the Kalman gain matrix, used to optimize state estimation;

[0042] In the measurement, u k The control input vector represents the constant contact force parameter applied by the electric telescopic rod. The initial value of the state vector is set based on the site parameters imported in step 1. The process noise covariance Q and the observation noise covariance R are calibrated according to the characteristics of the ultrasonic signal.

[0043] State transition matrix A

[0044] Physical meaning: Describes the dynamic evolution of the system state in the time dimension, and reflects the transfer relationship of the system's internal state from the previous moment k-1 to the current moment k.

[0045] Mathematical function: Through matrix multiplication, the state estimate value X^k-1 at the previous moment is projected to the current moment to form the prior state estimate X^k|k-1, that is, X^k|k-1=AX^k-1.

[0046] Control matrix B

[0047] Physical meaning: Characterizes the intensity of the effect of external control input on the system state, and is used to convert the external control quantity uk into the influence on the system state.

[0048] Mathematical function: During the state transition process, the control input uk is multiplied by the control matrix B and superimposed on the prior state estimate, that is, X^k|k-1=AX^k-1+Buk, which reflects the correction of the system state by external intervention.

[0049] Observation matrix H

[0050] Physical meaning: Establishing a mapping relationship between the system state and the observation data reflects the transformation rules from the system state space to the observation space.

[0051] Mathematical function: Map the prior state estimate X^k|k-1 to the theoretical observation value Z^k|k-1, that is, Z^k|k-1=HX^k|k-1, so as to compare it with the actual observation value Zk and calculate the observation residual.

[0052] Identity Matrix I

[0053] Physical significance: It plays the role of identity transformation in matrix operations, ensuring matrix dimension matching and the legality of operations.

[0054] Mathematical function: Usually used in the covariance matrix update process to ensure the dimensional consistency of the covariance matrix without changing the basic structure of the matrix.

[0055] The covariance matrix P of the updated state estimate

[0056] Physical meaning: Describes the degree of uncertainty in the system state estimation. The matrix elements reflect the covariance relationship between the state variables.

[0057] Mathematical functions:

[0058] Prior covariance update: P k - =AP k-1 A T +Q reflects the accumulation of uncertainty during state transition and the influence of process noise.

[0059] Posterior covariance update: via Kalman gain K k The prior covariance is modified to reflect the reduction of uncertainty in the state estimate caused by the observed data.

[0060] Process noise covariance matrix Q

[0061] Physical meaning: Quantifies the influence of internal noise of the system (such as model error, environmental interference, etc.) on the state transition process, and characterizes the inaccuracy of the system dynamic model.

[0062] Mathematical function: During the covariance update process, it is directly superimposed on the prior covariance matrix, reflecting the increase in state estimation uncertainty caused by process noise.

[0063] Observation noise covariance matrix R

[0064] Physical meaning: Measures the intensity of noise (such as sensor error, measurement interference, etc.) during the observation process, reflecting the reliability of the observation data.

[0065] Mathematical functions:

[0066] In calculating the Kalman gain Kk = P k ∣k-1HT(HP k ∣k-1H T +R) -1 When , as part of the denominator, it adjusts the weight between the observed data and the prior estimate.

[0067] The larger the observation noise (the larger the R element value), the lower the credibility of the observation data, and the more the Kalman gain tends to rely on the prior estimate; conversely, the smaller the observation noise, the more dependent it is on the observation data.

[0068] The five core formulas of the Kalman filter (state prediction, covariance prediction, Kalman gain calculation, state update, and covariance update) work together to achieve an optimal estimate of the system state. In the rubber track thickness gauge, the Kalman filter algorithm effectively suppresses noise interference (such as environmental vibration and electromagnetic interference) during the ultrasonic signal acquisition process through the aforementioned matrix operations, improving the accuracy and stability of thickness measurements and ensuring the reliability of the measurement results.

[0069] Furthermore, a calibration step is included, and the calibration step includes:

[0070] a) Use a standard test block with a thickness of 13mm±0.02mm for ultrasonic calibration;

[0071] b) During the measurement process, a standard block should be used for measurement verification every 100 units, and the measurement error should be ≤±0.3mm;

[0072] c) The equipment and related parameters should be calibrated at least once annually. This invention provides a high-precision, intelligent, and automated plastic track thickness gauge and method, addressing the issues of low accuracy, low efficiency, and poor data management associated with traditional measurements. This precision tester is primarily used for measuring the thickness of plastic track surface materials.

[0073] The thickness measuring instrument of the present invention is intelligent and highly automated. The ultrasonic principle is innovatively introduced into the inspection and testing technology for measuring the thickness of sports ground materials in the field of sports venues, facilities and equipment. The directional ultrasonic beam wave strength characteristics are utilized to emit ultrasonic waves to the material to be measured with high-frequency ultrasonic waves. The propagation intensity of the ultrasonic waves in the thickness direction of the material to be measured will change. When the ultrasonic waves penetrate the material to be measured, the ultrasonic wave intensity will change significantly. The present invention is based on the fact that the inherent density of the thickness of the material to be measured will change significantly when the ultrasonic waves penetrate. The software system will automatically collect, analyze and calculate the signals to obtain the thickness of the material to be measured. The thickness gauge of the present invention is used to measure the thickness of plastic materials. It has a high degree of automation, high measurement accuracy and high work efficiency, and avoids large deviations in measurement data caused by lack of strict operating specifications, visual errors of testers, test fatigue, etc.

[0074] 2. The intelligent material thickness measuring instrument of the present invention significantly improves the measurement accuracy and work efficiency, and realizes non-destructive testing of the measured material.

[0075] 3. Multifunctional integrated design: The integrated design of hardware and software not only achieves the same ease of operation and portability as existing thickness gauges, but also enables the input of original parameters and real-time intuitive display of measurement data, making it easier for operators to monitor and evaluate the status of measured materials on site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0077] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the simple structure of the plastic track thickness gauge of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0079] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0080] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plastic track thickness gauge and measurement method. Through intelligent design, the following significant technical bottlenecks exist in the existing mainstream three-needle thickness gauge: ① Outdated operation mode: It relies on manual pressing operation, which requires frequent bending and squatting, and the operation time of a single measuring point is about 20s to 30s per point, which is labor-intensive; ② Low measurement accuracy: The reading is taken using a mechanical telescopic rod, with an error of 2mm to 3mm or even larger, and is affected by the hardness differences of the base materials such as asphalt, concrete, and sand and gravel, and the judgment of the probe touching the bottom is highly subjective; ③ Lack of data management: The manual recording method is used, which is prone to errors and omissions, and lacks data traceability, analysis and visualization functions, which cannot meet the requirements of digital management and is difficult to adapt to the refined management requirements of modern sports venues.

[0081] A plastic runway thickness gauge, comprising a mobile platform, an ultrasonic sensor module, a positioning module and a data processing unit;

[0082] The mobile platform includes a body 401, a universal wheel 402 provided at the lower end of the body 401, and a retractable controller 403 provided at the upper end of the body 401;

[0083] The ultrasonic sensor module includes an ultrasonic transmitting module 100 and an ultrasonic receiving module 101 and both are electrically connected to the data processing unit. The ultrasonic transmitting module 100 transmits ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 1 MHz to 15 MHz.

[0084] The positioning module includes a laser positioning module and a Beidou positioning module, and the laser positioning module and the Beidou positioning module are both electrically connected to the data processing unit;

[0085] The data processing unit has a built-in Kalman filter algorithm.

[0086] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transmitting module 100 is a waterproof piezoelectric ceramic probe with a diameter of Φ50 mm and a measurement range of 5 mm to 30 mm.

[0087] In this embodiment, a pressure sensor 200 is also included;

[0088] The body 401 is provided with an electric telescopic rod 4011, which can be vertically extended upward and downward; the end of the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 4011 is provided with a device installation box 4012, and the ultrasonic transmitting module 100 and the ultrasonic receiving module 101 are provided inside the device installation box 4012, and the device installation box 4012 is provided with a transmitting channel and a receiving channel respectively;

[0089] The pressure sensor 200 is fixed at the lower end of the body 401 and is located next to the ultrasonic emission module 100; and the pressure sensor 200 is flush with the side of the device mounting box 4012 that contacts the plastic track;

[0090] The pressure sensor 200 is electrically connected to the data processing unit. When the probe of the pressure sensor 200 is in parallel contact with the plastic track, the ultrasonic transmitter module 100 is in parallel contact with the plastic track. Perfect contact between the ultrasonic transmitter module 100 and the plastic track can be ensured under a certain pressure, which can be set to 10 to 20N.

[0091] In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 200 has a measuring range of 0N to 20N and an accuracy of ±0.1N.

[0092] In this embodiment, a touch screen display and control buttons are also included;

[0093] The touch screen display at least includes: a real-time ultrasonic waveform, a sampling rate of 1 MHz; a dynamic curve of thickness measurement values, a time axis resolution of 0.1 s; a remaining power indicator; and a buzzer alarm prompt; the touch screen display is electrically connected to the data processing unit;

[0094] The control buttons at least include a power button and a measurement button.

[0095] In this embodiment, a cloud storage is further included. The cloud storage is remotely connected to the data processing unit for backing up all operation data, thickness measurement data, and calculation data of the data processing unit.

[0096] In this embodiment, the data processing unit is equipped with an industrial-grade ARM Cortex-A7 processor, a built-in 128GB storage module and a 4G / 5G communication interface.

[0097] A method for measuring the thickness of a plastic runway using a plastic runway thickness gauge, using the aforementioned plastic runway thickness gauge, comprises the following steps:

[0098] Step 1: Import the measurement site drawings and related parameters, which include at least the length, width, reference stake position, curve radius, and number of runways of the measurement site. Based on the measurement site parameters and using the positioning module of the plastic runway thickness gauge, the pre-measurement area and pre-measurement points are delineated and located, and the number of measurement points is determined.

[0099] Step 2: Turn on the plastic track thickness gauge and perform positioning measurement on the predicted points one by one. Specifically, a constant contact force of 5N±0.2N is applied to the measured surface through the electric telescopic rod 4011 provided inside the body 401;

[0100] Step 3: Continuously collect 11 groups of ultrasonic echo signals and use the Kalman filter algorithm to reduce noise; the first group of ultrasonic signals collected is used for preparation and calibration before measurement;

[0101] Step 4: Calculate the thickness of the plastic track based on the formula

[0102]

[0103] Where:

[0104] d—Plastic material thickness;

[0105] v—the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in plastic materials;

[0106] t—the time difference between the ultrasonic wave emitted from the measurement surface and the reflection from the interface surface of the base layer (the contact surface between the measurement base layer and the base layer); Step 5, calculate the standard deviation of the ultrasonic echo signal calculation results of the remaining 10 groups except the first group. If σ>0.5mm, the automatic re-measurement mechanism is triggered. The first group of ultrasonic signals collected is used for preparation and calibration before measurement.

[0107] In this embodiment, in step 3, the recursive formula of the Kalman filter algorithm is:

[0108]

[0109] Where A, B, H, I, P, Q, and R are the state transfer matrix, control matrix, observation matrix, identity matrix, covariance matrix of updated state estimation, process noise covariance, and observation noise covariance, respectively;

[0110] in, is the state vector, which represents the ultrasonic propagation parameters at the kth time step, including propagation time t and velocity v;

[0111] zk is the observation vector, i.e. the continuously collected ultrasonic echo signal data;

[0112] K k is the Kalman gain matrix, used to optimize state estimation;

[0113] In the measurement, u k The control input vector represents the constant contact force parameter applied by the electric telescopic rod. The initial value of the state vector is set based on the site parameters imported in step 1. The process noise covariance Q and the observation noise covariance R are calibrated according to the characteristics of the ultrasonic signal.

[0114] In this embodiment, a calibration step is further included, and the calibration step includes:

[0115] a) Use a standard test block with a thickness of 13mm±0.02mm for ultrasonic calibration;

[0116] b) During the measurement process, a standard block should be used for measurement verification every 100 test points, and the measurement error should be ≤±0.3mm;

[0117] c) Accuracy calibration of equipment and related parameters should be carried out at least once a year.

[0118] This invention provides a high-precision, intelligent, and automated plastic track thickness gauge and method, addressing the low accuracy, low efficiency, and poor data management issues inherent in traditional measurement methods. This high-precision gauge is primarily used for measuring the thickness of the surface layer of plastic track surfaces.

[0119] The thickness measuring instrument of the present invention is intelligent and highly automated. The ultrasonic principle is innovatively introduced into the inspection and testing technology for measuring the thickness of sports ground materials in the field of sports venues, facilities and equipment. The directional ultrasonic beam wave strength characteristics are utilized to emit ultrasonic waves to the material to be measured with high-frequency ultrasonic waves. The propagation intensity of the ultrasonic waves in the thickness direction of the material to be measured will change. When the ultrasonic waves penetrate the material to be measured, the ultrasonic wave intensity will change significantly. The present invention is based on the fact that the inherent density of the thickness of the material to be measured will change significantly. The software system will automatically collect, analyze and calculate the signals to finally derive the thickness of the material to be measured. The thickness gauge of the present invention is used to measure the thickness of the plastic track surface layer. The entire measurement process is intelligent and automated, with high measurement accuracy and high work efficiency, avoiding measurement data errors caused by human factors.

[0120] 2. The use of the intelligent thickness measuring instrument of the present invention not only significantly improves the measurement accuracy and work efficiency, but also realizes non-destructive testing of the measured material.

[0121] 3. Multifunctional integrated design: The integrated design of hardware and software not only achieves the same ease of operation and portability as existing thickness gauges, but also enables the input of original parameters and real-time intuitive display of measurement data, making it easier for operators to monitor and evaluate the status of measured materials on site.

[0122] A more specific embodiment is shown in Table 1 below, which distinguishes the cast-in-situ surface layer, prefabricated surface layer and typical material types of the present invention, and analyzes the factors affecting the thickness:

[0123] Table 1 Factors affecting thickness

[0124]

[0125] The novel plastic runway thickness gauge of the present invention is mainly used for measuring the thickness of plastic runways. The present invention adopts an ultrasonic reflection measurement method. That is, when performing thickness measurement, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the thickness gauge measuring probe transmits ultrasonic waves of a certain frequency in the material being measured, and after reflection, an echo is formed to the signal receiving system of the thickness gauge. According to parameters such as the time difference, amplitude and phase of the ultrasonic echo, the thickness of the material being measured is calculated through analysis by an intelligent software system.

[0126] In another embodiment, the present invention can preset the cast-in-place surface layer, prefabricated surface layer and typical material types, turn on the power switch, set the relevant original data, and then automatically turn on the ultrasonic pulse to emit ultrasonic waves when it contacts the surface of the material to be measured. The thickness of the material is calculated by measuring the time required for the ultrasonic wave to propagate inside the material to be measured and reflect to the probe until the density change exceeds the set range. This method is suitable for measuring the thickness of plastic materials and has the advantages of fast measurement speed and high accuracy.

[0127] In another embodiment, the measuring probe can be placed stably on the surface of the material to be measured, and the various parameters of the ultrasonic instrument, including frequency, threshold, gain, waveform and reference point, can be adjusted to obtain the best ultrasonic echo signal; the ultrasonic signal then propagates inside the material to be measured and generates an echo signal inside the material to be measured; after the thickness gauge software system receives the echo signal, it analyzes and calculates the thickness of the material to be measured and displays the measurement result on the display screen.

[0128] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plastic track thickness gauge, characterized in that: Includes mobile platform, ultrasonic sensor module, positioning module and data processing unit; The mobile platform comprises a body (401), a universal wheel (402) provided at the lower end of the body (401), and a retractable controller (403) provided at the upper end of the body (401); the ultrasonic sensor module comprises an ultrasonic transmitting module (100) and an ultrasonic receiving module (101), both of which are electrically connected to the data processing unit; the ultrasonic transmitting module (100) transmits ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 1 MHz to 15 MHz; The positioning module includes a laser positioning module and a Beidou positioning module, and the laser positioning module and the Beidou positioning module are both electrically connected to the data processing unit; The data processing unit has a built-in Kalman filter algorithm.

2. The plastic track thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic emission module (100) is a waterproof piezoelectric ceramic probe with a diameter of Φ50 mm and a measurement range of 5 mm to 30 mm.

3. The plastic track thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a pressure sensor (200); An electric telescopic rod (4011) is provided inside the body (401), and the electric telescopic rod is telescopic along the length direction of the body (401); a device installation box (4012) is provided at the end of the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (4011); the ultrasonic transmitting module (100) and the ultrasonic receiving module (101) are provided inside the device installation box (4012), and the device installation box (4012) is provided with a transmitting channel and a receiving channel respectively; The pressure sensor (200) is fixed at the lower end of the body (401) and is located next to the ultrasonic emission module (100); the pressure sensor (200) is electrically connected to the data processing unit, and when the probe of the pressure sensor (200) is in parallel contact with the plastic track, the ultrasonic emission module (100) is in parallel contact with the plastic track.

4. The plastic track thickness gauge according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure sensor (200) has a measuring range of 0N to 20N and an accuracy of ±0.1N.

5. The plastic track thickness gauge according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a touch screen display and control buttons; The touch screen display at least includes: a real-time ultrasonic waveform, a sampling rate of 1 MHz; a dynamic curve of thickness measurement values, a time axis resolution of 0.1 s; a remaining power indicator; and a buzzer alarm prompt; the touch screen display is electrically connected to the data processing unit; The control buttons at least include a power button and a measurement button.

6. The plastic track thickness gauge according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a cloud storage, which is remotely connected to the data processing unit for communication and is used to back up all operating data, thickness measurement data, and calculation data of the data processing unit.

7. The plastic track thickness gauge according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data processing unit is equipped with an industrial-grade ARM Cortex-A7 processor, a built-in 128GB storage module and a 4G / 5G communication interface.

8. A measuring method for a plastic track thickness gauge, characterized by: The method of using the plastic track thickness gauge according to any one of claims 3 to 7 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Import the measurement site drawings and related parameters, including at least the site type, total length and width, lane width, slope, inner curve radius, curve length, number of runways, and inner edge width of the runway. Based on the relevant parameters of the measurement site and using the positioning module of the plastic runway thickness gauge, the pre-measurement area and pre-measurement points are delineated and located, and the number of measurement points is determined; Step 2: Turn on the plastic track thickness gauge and perform positioning measurement on the predicted points one by one, specifically by applying a constant contact force of 5N±0.2N to the measured surface at the measuring point through an electric telescopic rod (4011) provided inside the body (401); Step 3: Continuously collect 11 groups of ultrasonic echo signals and use the Kalman filter algorithm to reduce noise. The first group of ultrasonic signals collected is used for preparation and calibration before measurement. Step 4: Calculate the thickness of the plastic track based on the formula; Where: d—Plastic material thickness; v—the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in plastic materials; t—The ultrasonic wave is emitted from the measuring surface to the base surface, and the reflection time difference between the bottom surface and the contact surface of the base is measured; Step 5: Calculate the standard deviation of the ultrasonic echo signal calculation results collected from the remaining 10 groups except the first group. If σ>0.5mm, the automatic retest mechanism is triggered.

9. The measuring method of a plastic track thickness gauge according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 3, the recursive formula of the Kalman filter algorithm is: Where A, B, H, I, P, Q, and R are the state transfer matrix, control matrix, observation matrix, identity matrix, covariance matrix of updated state estimation, process noise covariance, and observation noise covariance, respectively; in, is the state vector, which represents the ultrasonic propagation parameters at the kth time step, including propagation time t and velocity v; zk is the observation vector, i.e. the continuously collected ultrasonic echo signal data; K k is the Kalman gain matrix, used to optimize state estimation; In the measurement, u k The control input vector represents the constant contact force parameter applied by the electric telescopic rod. The initial value of the state vector is set based on the site parameters imported in step 1. The process noise covariance Q and the observation noise covariance R are calibrated according to the characteristics of the ultrasonic signal.

10. The plastic track thickness gauge and measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included is a calibration step, the calibration step comprising: a) Use a standard test block with a thickness of 13mm±0.02mm for ultrasonic calibration; b) During the measurement process, a standard block should be used for testing and verification every 100 test points to ensure that the measurement error is ≤±0.3mm; c) Accuracy calibration of equipment and related parameters should be carried out at least once a year.

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