Bipolar scanning high-voltage system

Abstract

The invention provides a bipolar scanning high-voltage system. The system comprises a positive main high-voltage generation circuit, a negative main high-voltage generation circuit and a bipolar high-voltage control circuit, the positive main high-voltage circuit inverts a low-voltage direct-current power supply into a positive high-voltage direct-current power supply and provides the positive high-voltage power supply for the bipolar high-voltage control circuit; the negative main high-voltage circuit inverts the low-voltage direct-current power supply into a negative high-voltage direct-current power supply and provides the negative high-voltage power supply for the bipolar high-voltage control circuit; the bipolar high-voltage control circuit modulates the positive / negative high-voltage source through a high-voltage optocoupler and outputs bipolar high voltage. The bipolar scanning high-voltage system has the advantages that the bipolar scanning high-voltage system provided by the invention has wide application requirements in the space exploration field, especially the deep space exploration field, with shortage of resources such as weight, power consumption and the like. According to the invention, a high-voltage scanning interval of-5000V to + 5000V can be realized, and the high-voltage change rate is superior to that of 1 millisecond / kilovolt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the fields of high voltage technology, space physics, and space plasma environment detection, and specifically relates to a bipolar scanning high voltage system. Background Art

[0002] Plasma environments are an important research topic in space physics and space weather monitoring and forecasting. Over the past three decades, the development of plasma environment detection technology and the increasing demand for plasma detection research in deep space exploration have led to the need for integrated and fully integrated plasma environment detection equipment. Existing scanning high-voltage technology has several significant drawbacks that limit its application in complex and changing environments:

[0003] Stability Issues: Existing high-voltage scanning technologies often face stability issues in plasma environments. Due to the characteristics of plasma, such as high temperature, high energy density, and potential electromagnetic interference, high-voltage scanning systems are susceptible to external interference, resulting in output voltage fluctuations, signal distortion, or system crashes.

[0004] Accuracy Limitations: Accuracy is a critical metric in plasma environment detection. However, existing scanning high-voltage technology faces challenges in achieving high-precision measurements. Due to technical limitations, the system may be unable to accurately capture subtle changes in the plasma, thus affecting the accuracy and reliability of detection results.

[0005] Insufficient response speed: Physical processes in plasma environments often change rapidly, requiring high-voltage scanning technology to have a fast response speed. However, existing technologies often struggle to meet this requirement, resulting in the loss of important information during detection or an inability to respond to environmental changes in a timely manner.

[0006] Complexity and cost issues: Existing scanning high-voltage technologies typically involve complex hardware and software design, which not only increases system complexity but also raises costs. This limits their widespread application in plasma environment detection, especially in resource-limited or large-scale deployment scenarios.

[0007] At the same time, a bipolar scanning voltage needs to be loaded on the high-voltage parts in a single particle sensor for time-sharing detection of ion and electron energy, pitch angle and other measurement factors. The previous unipolar, slow-response high-voltage power supply technology is no longer applicable, and a bipolar, high-precision, fast-response scanning high-voltage technology is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to overcome the technical difficulty of simultaneously measuring electrons and ions in a particle detection sensor in space plasma environment detection.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application proposes a bipolar scanning high voltage system, which includes: a positive main high voltage generating circuit, a negative main high voltage generating circuit and a bipolar high voltage control circuit; wherein,

[0010] The positive main high-voltage circuit inverts the low-voltage DC power supply into a positive high-voltage DC power supply, providing a positive high-voltage power supply for the bipolar high-voltage control circuit;

[0011] The negative main high-voltage circuit inverts the low-voltage DC power supply into a negative high-voltage DC power supply, providing a negative high-voltage power supply for the bipolar high-voltage control circuit;

[0012] The bipolar high voltage control circuit modulates the positive / negative high voltage source through a high voltage optocoupler and outputs a bipolar high voltage.

[0013] As an improvement to the above system, the positive main high voltage generating circuit, the negative main high voltage generating circuit and the bipolar high voltage control circuit share a data processing unit, an analog-to-digital converter and a digital-to-analog converter.

[0014] As an improvement to the above system, the positive main high voltage generating circuit further includes: a proportional-integral regulator B1, an inverter F1, a follower G1, a linear adjustable power supply X1, a pulse width modulation circuit M1, a switch drive circuit K1, a push-pull transformer T1, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y1 and a high voltage divider resistor R2; wherein,

[0015] The data processing unit outputs the digital setting signal of the set value to the digital-to-analog converter through the IO port; collects the high-voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display;

[0016] A digital-to-analog converter inputs the digital setting signal output by the data processing unit, converts the digital setting signal into a positive voltage analog quantity within a setting range, and outputs it as a high-voltage setting signal;

[0017] The analog-to-digital converter inputs the high-voltage detection value output by the follower G1, converts the analog value of the high-voltage detection value into a digital value and outputs it to the data processing unit;

[0018] Inverter F1 inputs the high-voltage setting signal output by the digital-to-analog converter, inverts the signal and outputs it to the proportional-integral regulator B1;

[0019] Follower G1 inputs the feedback signal generated by the high-voltage voltage divider resistor R2 and outputs a high-voltage telemetry signal, which is also used for loop closed-loop control;

[0020] The proportional-integral regulator B1 inputs the high-voltage setting signal and the high-voltage telemetry signal, and outputs the voltage bias signal required by the linear adjustable power supply X1;

[0021] The linear adjustable power supply X1 has a positive voltage setting and a voltage bias signal output by the proportional-integral regulator B1 as input signals. The output signal is the power supply signal required by the primary coil of the push-pull transformer T1. Its function is to supply power to the push-pull transformer T1.

[0022] The pulse width modulation circuit M1 generates the pulse signal required by the switch driving circuit K1, which is used to control the conduction and cutoff of the switch driving circuit K1;

[0023] The switch drive circuit K1 includes two MOS transistors. Under the control of the pulse signal generated by the pulse width modulation circuit M1, they are alternately turned on to generate a low-voltage AC signal to drive the two primary coils of the push-pull transformer T1.

[0024] The push-pull transformer T1, whose primary coil inputs the power supply signal output by the linear adjustable power supply X1, converts the low-voltage AC signal into a high-voltage AC signal, and outputs the high-voltage AC signal from the secondary coil to the voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y1;

[0025] The voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y1 doubles the high-voltage AC signal according to the voltage doubling level and rectifies it into a DC signal for output;

[0026] The high-voltage divider resistor R2 converts the high-voltage signal output by the voltage-doubling rectifier circuit Y1 into a low-voltage signal for feedback control. It also serves as a monitoring value of the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter.

[0027] As an improvement to the above system, the negative main high voltage generating circuit further includes: a proportional-integral regulator B2, an inverter F2, a follower G2, a linear adjustable power supply X2, a pulse width modulation circuit M2, a switch drive circuit K2, a push-pull transformer T2, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y2 and a high voltage divider resistor R3; wherein,

[0028] The data processing unit outputs the digital setting signal of the set value to the digital-to-analog converter through the IO port; collects the high-voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display;

[0029] A digital-to-analog converter inputs the digital setting signal output by the data processing unit, converts the digital setting signal into a positive voltage analog quantity within a setting range, and outputs it as a high-voltage setting signal;

[0030] The analog-to-digital converter inputs the high-voltage detection value output by the follower G2, converts the analog value of the high-voltage detection value into a digital value and outputs it to the data processing unit;

[0031] Inverter F2 inputs the voltage bias signal output by proportional-integral regulator B2, inverts the signal and outputs it to linear adjustable power supply X2;

[0032] Follower G2 inputs the feedback signal generated by the high-voltage voltage divider resistor R3 and outputs a high-voltage telemetry signal, which is also used for loop closed-loop control;

[0033] The proportional-integral regulator B2 inputs the high-voltage setting signal and the high-voltage telemetry signal, and outputs the voltage bias signal required by the linear adjustable power supply X2;

[0034] Linear adjustable power supply X2, whose input signal is the power supply with set positive voltage and the voltage bias signal output by inverter F2, and whose output signal is the power supply signal required by the primary coil of push-pull transformer T2, and whose function is to power push-pull transformer T2;

[0035] The pulse width modulation circuit M2 generates the pulse signal required by the switch driving circuit K2, which is used to control the conduction and cutoff of the switch driving circuit K2;

[0036] The switch drive circuit K2 includes two MOS transistors. Under the control of the pulse signal generated by the pulse width modulation circuit M2, they are alternately turned on to generate a low-voltage AC signal to drive the two primary coils of the push-pull transformer T2.

[0037] The push-pull transformer T2, whose primary coil inputs the power supply signal output by the linear adjustable power supply X2, converts the low-voltage AC signal into a high-voltage AC signal, and outputs the high-voltage AC signal from the secondary coil to the voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y2;

[0038] The voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y2 doubles the high-voltage AC signal according to the voltage doubling level and rectifies it into a DC signal for output;

[0039] The high-voltage divider resistor R3 converts the high-voltage signal output by the voltage-doubling rectifier circuit Y2 into a low-voltage signal for feedback control. It also serves as a monitoring value of the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter.

[0040] As an improvement of the above system, the bipolar high-voltage control circuit further includes: a subtractor J1, a proportional-integral regulator B3, a current drive circuit L1, a high-voltage optocoupler U1, a high-voltage optocoupler U2, a high-voltage voltage divider resistor R4, a follower G3, a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2 and a transistor Q3: wherein,

[0041] The data processing unit outputs an enable signal to the base of transistor Q1 to control the high voltage enable / disable of this path. When the high voltage is enabled, the data processing unit provides a digital setting signal to the digital-to-analog converter and simultaneously collects the high voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display.

[0042] A digital-to-analog converter inputs the digital setting signal output by the data processing unit and converts the digital setting signal into an analog output;

[0043] The analog-to-digital converter inputs the high-voltage detection value output by the follower G3, converts the analog value of the high-voltage detection value into a digital value and outputs it to the data processing unit;

[0044] Subtractor J1 inputs the analog quantity converted by the digital-to-analog converter, modulates the analog quantity into a bipolar fast-response high-voltage setting signal, outputs it to the proportional-integral regulator B3, and then adjusts the output voltage bias signal to the base of transistor Q2 and transistor Q3;

[0045] The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the bases of transistor Q2 and transistor Q3;

[0046] The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the high-voltage optocoupler U1, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the high-voltage optocoupler U2;

[0047] The high-voltage optocoupler U1 receives the output of the positive main high-voltage generating circuit, and the high-voltage optocoupler U2 receives the output of the negative main high-voltage generating circuit;

[0048] The high-voltage voltage-dividing resistor R4 converts the high-voltage signal output by the high-voltage optocoupler U1 or the high-voltage optocoupler U2 into a low-voltage signal. After passing through the follower G3, the low-voltage signal is used as a monitoring value of the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit through the analog-to-digital converter; on the other hand, it is input into the proportional-integral regulator B3, and the proportional-integral regulator B3 adjusts the working status of the transistors Q2 and Q3 in the current drive circuit L1 according to the feedback signal.

[0049] As an improvement to the above system, transistors Q1 and Q2 are NPN transistors; and transistor Q3 is a PNP transistor.

[0050] As an improvement to the above system, the bipolar high voltage control circuit further includes a resistor R1;

[0051] The emitter of the transistor Q2 and the collector of the transistor Q3 are connected to the resistor R1 and grounded; the resistor R1 functions as a current limiter to prevent the driving current of the high-voltage optocoupler U1 and the high-voltage optocoupler U2 from exceeding a safe range.

[0052] As an improvement to the above system, the bipolar high voltage control circuit further includes a diode D1 and a diode D2;

[0053] The anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2 are connected between the high-voltage voltage-dividing resistor R4 and the follower G3. The diode D1 and the diode D2 are voltage clamping diodes that provide overvoltage protection for the circuit.

[0054] As an improvement to the above system, the subtractor J1, the proportional-integral regulator B3, and the follower G3 are all implemented using an operational amplifier with low offset current.

[0055] As an improvement to the above system, when the high-voltage setting signal output by the subtractor J1 is a positive voltage, the transistor Q2 is turned on, and the transistors Q1 and Q3 are turned off. At this time, the high-voltage optocoupler U1 is turned on and operates in the linear region, the high-voltage optocoupler U2 is turned off, and the high-voltage optocoupler U1 outputs a positive voltage;

[0056] When the high-voltage setting signal output by the subtractor J1 is a negative voltage, the transistor Q3 is turned on, and the transistors Q1 and Q2 are turned off. At this time, the high-voltage optocoupler U2 is turned on and operates in the linear region, the high-voltage optocoupler U1 is turned off, and the high-voltage optocoupler U2 outputs a negative voltage.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are:

[0058] The bipolar scanning high-voltage system provided by this application has widespread application in space exploration, particularly deep space exploration, where resources such as weight and power consumption are limited. The present invention can achieve a high-voltage scanning range of -5000V to +5000V, with a high-voltage change rate better than 1 millisecond / kilovolt. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 Shown is the principle block diagram of the bipolar scanning high voltage system;

[0060] Figure 2 Shown is a bipolar scan high voltage curve (single duty cycle linear scan);

[0061] Figure 3 The figure shows a bipolar scan high voltage change rate of 1000V / ms;

[0062] Figure 4 The diagram shows the positive main high voltage generating circuit;

[0063] Figure 5 The diagram shows a negative main high voltage generating circuit;

[0064] Figure 6 The figure shows the output waveform of the pulse width modulation circuit;

[0065] Figure 7 Shown is a bipolar high voltage control circuit diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The technical solution of this application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0067] The present invention provides a bipolar scanning high voltage system for use in space environment plasma detection equipment. The system uses an integrated design of electron and ion probes. A single probe detects electrons and ions simultaneously. The probe deflector plate deflects both positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons, requiring a bipolar fast response high voltage. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the bipolar scanning high voltage system provided by the present invention can achieve a high voltage scanning range of -5000V to +5000V, and can reach a high voltage change rate of 1 kV / millisecond.

[0068] The bipolar scanning high voltage system includes a positive main high voltage generating circuit, a negative main high voltage generating circuit, and a bipolar high voltage control circuit. The positive / negative main high voltage circuit inverts the low voltage DC power supply into a highly stable high voltage DC power supply, providing a high voltage power supply for the bipolar high voltage control circuit. The bipolar high voltage control circuit modulates the positive and negative high voltage sources through a high voltage optocoupler, outputting a bipolar high voltage with a response rate of up to 1000kV / ms. The high voltage waveform can be controlled according to the program. Its principle block diagram is shown below. Figure 1 shown.

[0069] The bipolar scanning high voltage system includes a positive main high voltage generating circuit, a negative main high voltage generating circuit and a bipolar high voltage control circuit.

[0070] The structures of the positive main high voltage generating circuit and the negative main high voltage generating circuit are basically the same. Figure 4 For the main high voltage generating circuit, attached Figure 5 This is the negative main high voltage generation circuit. The main high voltage circuit includes a data processing unit, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter (these three parts are shared by the positive and negative main high voltage circuits and the bipolar high voltage control circuit), a proportional-integral (PI) regulator, an inverter, a follower, a linear adjustable power supply, a pulse width modulation circuit (PWM), a switch drive circuit (Q1 and Q2), a push-pull transformer, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, a high voltage divider resistor, and a regulation circuit.

[0071] The data processing unit (FPGA, single-chip microcomputer or SOC, etc.) outputs the set value digital quantity through the IO port, providing the digital setting signal to the digital-to-analog converter; at the same time, it collects the high-voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display. You can choose common FPGA, single-chip microcomputer or SOC devices on the market;

[0072] The digital-to-analog converter takes the digital output of the data processing unit as input and converts it into a 0-5V analog output, which serves as the high-voltage setting signal. Depending on the user's control accuracy requirements, an 8-bit to 16-bit analog-to-digital converter, such as the TLV5638 from Texas Instruments, is recommended.

[0073] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) takes the high-voltage detection value (-5V to +5V) output by the follower as input and converts the analog value into a digital value for output to the data processing unit. Depending on the user's control accuracy requirements, an 8-bit to 16-bit ADC, such as the AD976 from Analog Devices, is recommended.

[0074] The inverter in the positive main high-voltage generation circuit receives the high-voltage setting signal from the digital-to-analog converter as input, inverts the signal, and outputs it to the proportional-integral regulator. The inverter in the negative main high-voltage generation circuit receives the voltage bias signal from the proportional-integral regulator as input, inverts the signal, and outputs it to the linear adjustable power supply.

[0075] The follower input is the feedback signal generated by the high-voltage voltage divider resistor, and the output is a high-voltage telemetry signal, which is also used for loop closed-loop control.

[0076] The proportional-integral regulator takes as input the high-voltage setting signal and the high-voltage telemetry signal, and outputs a voltage bias signal used by the linear adjustable power supply. This module adjusts the high-voltage ratio and response rate.

[0077] The inverter, follower, and proportional-integral regulator are all implemented using low-offset-current operational amplifiers, which can reduce the power supply's temperature drift and improve its accuracy and stability. The TI TLE2064 op amp, with a typical offset current of 2pA, is an option.

[0078] The linear adjustable power supply's input signals are a +24V power supply and the voltage bias signal output by the proportional-integral regulator (positive main high-voltage generation circuit) / inverter (negative main high-voltage generation circuit). The output signal is the power supply signal required for the primary coil of the push-pull transformer, and its function is to power the push-pull transformer. The recommended linear adjustable power supply model is the LM117.

[0079] The pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit generates the pulse signal required by the switch drive circuit. This signal is used to control the conduction and cutoff of the switch drive circuit. The waveform is as follows Figure 6 As shown; the recommended device model is SG1525AJ.

[0080] The switch drive circuit includes two MOS tubes. Under the control of the signal generated by the pulse width modulation circuit, they are alternately turned on to generate a low-voltage AC signal to drive the two primary coils of the push-pull transformer. The recommended MOS tube device model is 2N6798.

[0081] The push-pull transformer's primary coil receives the power supply signal from the linear adjustable power supply, converts the low-voltage AC signal into a high-voltage AC signal, and outputs it to the voltage-doubling rectifier circuit at the secondary coil. The recommended push-pull transformer model is HYL5651 produced by Beijing Seven Star Flight Electronics Co., Ltd.

[0082] The voltage doubler rectifier circuit doubles the high-voltage AC signal according to the voltage multiplication level and rectifies it into a DC signal. The voltage doubler rectifier circuit uses high-voltage capacitors and high-voltage diodes; the high-voltage capacitors use ceramic dielectric capacitors with a withstand voltage of ≥2000V, such as Exxelia's C279 and C280 series high-voltage capacitors, which are small in size and have high withstand voltage; the high-voltage diodes are required to withstand a voltage of ≥2000V, such as SSDI's SHR50UF series diodes.

[0083] The high-voltage divider resistor converts the high-voltage signal output by the voltage-doubling rectifier circuit into a low-voltage signal for feedback control. It also serves as a monitoring value for the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter. The high-voltage divider resistor must withstand a voltage of ≥10KV, such as Ohmite's SlIM-MOX104RD.

[0084] The positive main high voltage generating circuit and the negative main high voltage generating circuit can respectively generate 0V to +5200V and -5200V to 0V according to the main high voltage setting value, with the ripple lower than 100mV-Vpp.

[0085] like Figure 7 As shown, the bipolar high-voltage control circuit includes: a data processing unit (FPGA, single-chip microcomputer or SOC, etc.), an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter (these three parts are shared by the positive and negative main high-voltage circuits and the bipolar fast-response high-voltage circuit), a subtractor, a proportional-integral (PI) regulator, a current drive circuit, a high-voltage optocoupler, a high-voltage voltage divider resistor and a follower.

[0086] The data processing unit's function is to control the high voltage enable / disable of this circuit by outputting an enable signal to the base of transistor Q1. When the high voltage is enabled, the data processing unit provides a digital setting signal to the digital-to-analog converter and simultaneously collects the high voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display. Optional devices include commonly available FPGAs, microcontrollers, or SOCs.

[0087] The digital-to-analog converter takes the digital output of the data processing unit as input and converts it into an analog output of 0 to 4V. Depending on the user's control accuracy requirements, an 8-bit to 16-bit analog-to-digital converter, such as the TLV5638 from Texas Instruments, is recommended.

[0088] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) takes the high-voltage detection value (-5V to +5V) output by the follower as input and converts the analog value into a digital value for output to the data processing unit. Depending on the user's control accuracy requirements, an 8-bit to 16-bit ADC, such as the AD976 from Analog Devices, is recommended.

[0089] The subtractor receives the analog value converted by the digital-to-analog converter and modulates the 0V to 4V voltage into a bipolar, fast-response, high-voltage setting signal of -2V to +2V. This signal is then output to the proportional-integral regulator, which then adjusts the output voltage bias signal to the bases of transistors Q2 and Q3. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the bases of transistors Q2 and Q3. The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to high-voltage optocoupler U1, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to high-voltage optocoupler U2. High-voltage optocoupler U1 receives the output of the positive main high-voltage generating circuit, while high-voltage optocoupler U2 receives the output of the negative main high-voltage generating circuit. When the high-voltage setting signal is 0V~+2V, transistor Q2 is turned on, transistors Q1 and Q3 are turned off, at this time the high-voltage optocoupler U1 is turned on and works in the linear region, the high-voltage optocoupler U2 is turned off, and Uo outputs a positive voltage; when the setting signal is -2V~0V, transistor Q3 is turned on, transistors Q1 and Q2 are turned off, at this time the high-voltage optocoupler U2 is turned on and works in the linear region, the high-voltage optocoupler U1 is turned off, and Uo outputs a negative voltage; the device characteristics of the high-voltage optocoupler determine that the Uo response rate can reach 1000V / ms. The high-voltage voltage-dividing resistor converts the output Uo into a low-voltage signal. After passing through the follower, the signal is used as a monitoring value of the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit (FPGA, single-chip microcomputer or SOC, etc.) through the analog-to-digital converter; on the other hand, it is input into the proportional-integral regulator. The proportional-integral regulator adjusts the working status of the transistor Q2 and the transistor Q3 in the current drive circuit according to the feedback signal to ensure that the high-voltage optocoupler U1 / U2 operates in the linear region, and the entire negative feedback circuit is balanced and the high-voltage output is stable.

[0090] The emitter of transistor Q2 and the collector of transistor Q3 are connected to resistor R1 and grounded. Resistor R1 acts as a current limiter, preventing the high-voltage optocoupler's drive current from exceeding a safe range. The anode of diode D1 and the cathode of diode D2 are connected between the high-voltage divider resistor and the follower. Diodes D1 and D2 act as voltage clamps, providing overvoltage protection for the circuit.

[0091] The subtractor, proportional-integral regulator, and follower are all implemented using low-offset-current operational amplifiers, which minimize power supply temperature drift and improve accuracy and stability. The TI TLE2064 op amp is an option, with a typical offset current of 2pA. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are NPN transistors, typically 2N2222, while Q3 is a PNP transistor, typically 2N2907. The high-voltage optocoupler requires an isolation voltage of ≥8kV to account for voltage derating; the AMETEK HV801 is an option. The high-voltage divider resistor must withstand a voltage of ≥10kV, such as Ohmite's SLIM-MOX104RD.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of this application do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application and should be encompassed by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A bipolar scanning high voltage system, characterized in that: The system includes: a positive main high voltage generating circuit, a negative main high voltage generating circuit and a bipolar high voltage control circuit, wherein: The positive main high-voltage circuit inverts the low-voltage DC power supply into a positive high-voltage DC power supply, providing a positive high-voltage power supply for the bipolar high-voltage control circuit; The negative main high-voltage circuit inverts the low-voltage DC power supply into a negative high-voltage DC power supply, providing a negative high-voltage power supply for the bipolar high-voltage control circuit; The bipolar high voltage control circuit modulates the positive / negative high voltage source through a high voltage optocoupler and outputs a bipolar high voltage.

2. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive main high voltage generating circuit, the negative main high voltage generating circuit and the bipolar high voltage control circuit share a data processing unit, an analog-to-digital converter and a digital-to-analog converter.

3. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positive main high voltage generating circuit also includes: a proportional-integral regulator B1, an inverter F1, a follower G1, a linear adjustable power supply X1, a pulse width modulation circuit M1, a switch drive circuit K1, a push-pull transformer T1, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y1 and a high voltage divider resistor R2; wherein, The data processing unit outputs the digital setting signal of the set value to the digital-to-analog converter through the IO port; collects the high-voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display; A digital-to-analog converter inputs the digital setting signal output by the data processing unit, converts the digital setting signal into a positive voltage analog quantity within a setting range, and outputs it as a high-voltage setting signal; The analog-to-digital converter inputs the high-voltage detection value output by the follower G1, converts the analog value of the high-voltage detection value into a digital value and outputs it to the data processing unit; Inverter F1 inputs the high-voltage setting signal output by the digital-to-analog converter, inverts the signal and outputs it to the proportional-integral regulator B1; Follower G1 inputs the feedback signal generated by the high-voltage voltage divider resistor R2 and outputs a high-voltage telemetry signal, which is also used for loop closed-loop control; The proportional-integral regulator B1 inputs the high-voltage setting signal and the high-voltage telemetry signal, and outputs the voltage bias signal required by the linear adjustable power supply X1; The linear adjustable power supply X1 has a positive voltage setting and a voltage bias signal output by the proportional-integral regulator B1 as input signals. The output signal is the power supply signal required by the primary coil of the push-pull transformer T1. Its function is to supply power to the push-pull transformer T1. The pulse width modulation circuit M1 generates the pulse signal required by the switch driving circuit K1, which is used to control the conduction and cutoff of the switch driving circuit K1; The switch drive circuit K1 includes two MOS transistors. Under the control of the pulse signal generated by the pulse width modulation circuit M1, they are alternately turned on to generate a low-voltage AC signal to drive the two primary coils of the push-pull transformer T1. The push-pull transformer T1, whose primary coil inputs the power supply signal output by the linear adjustable power supply X1, converts the low-voltage AC signal into a high-voltage AC signal, and outputs the high-voltage AC signal from the secondary coil to the voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y1; The voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y1 doubles the high-voltage AC signal according to the voltage doubling level and rectifies it into a DC signal for output; The high-voltage divider resistor R2 converts the high-voltage signal output by the voltage-doubling rectifier circuit Y1 into a low-voltage signal for feedback control. It also serves as a monitoring value of the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter.

4. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The negative main high voltage generating circuit also includes: a proportional-integral regulator B2, an inverter F2, a follower G2, a linear adjustable power supply X2, a pulse width modulation circuit M2, a switch drive circuit K2, a push-pull transformer T2, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y2 and a high voltage divider resistor R3; wherein, The data processing unit outputs the digital setting signal of the set value to the digital-to-analog converter through the IO port; collects the high-voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display; A digital-to-analog converter inputs the digital setting signal output by the data processing unit, converts the digital setting signal into a positive voltage analog quantity within a setting range, and outputs it as a high-voltage setting signal; The analog-to-digital converter inputs the high-voltage detection value output by the follower G2, converts the analog value of the high-voltage detection value into a digital value and outputs it to the data processing unit; Inverter F2 inputs the voltage bias signal output by proportional-integral regulator B2, inverts the signal and outputs it to linear adjustable power supply X2; Follower G2 inputs the feedback signal generated by the high-voltage voltage divider resistor R3 and outputs a high-voltage telemetry signal, which is also used for loop closed-loop control; The proportional-integral regulator B2 inputs the high-voltage setting signal and the high-voltage telemetry signal, and outputs the voltage bias signal required by the linear adjustable power supply X2; Linear adjustable power supply X2, whose input signal is the power supply with set positive voltage and the voltage bias signal output by inverter F2, and whose output signal is the power supply signal required by the primary coil of push-pull transformer T2, and whose function is to power push-pull transformer T2; The pulse width modulation circuit M2 generates the pulse signal required by the switch driving circuit K2, which is used to control the conduction and cutoff of the switch driving circuit K2; The switch drive circuit K2 includes two MOS transistors. Under the control of the pulse signal generated by the pulse width modulation circuit M2, they are alternately turned on to generate a low-voltage AC signal to drive the two primary coils of the push-pull transformer T2. The push-pull transformer T2, whose primary coil inputs the power supply signal output by the linear adjustable power supply X2, converts the low-voltage AC signal into a high-voltage AC signal, and outputs the high-voltage AC signal from the secondary coil to the voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y2; The voltage doubler rectifier circuit Y2 doubles the high-voltage AC signal according to the voltage doubling level and rectifies it into a DC signal for output; The high-voltage divider resistor R3 converts the high-voltage signal output by the voltage-doubling rectifier circuit Y2 into a low-voltage signal for feedback control. It also serves as a monitoring value of the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter.

5. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bipolar high-voltage control circuit further includes: a subtractor J1, a proportional-integral regulator B3, a current drive circuit L1, a high-voltage optocoupler U1, a high-voltage optocoupler U2, a high-voltage voltage divider resistor R4, a follower G3, a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2 and a transistor Q3: wherein, The data processing unit outputs an enable signal to the base of transistor Q1 to control the high voltage enable / disable of this path. When the high voltage is enabled, the data processing unit provides a digital setting signal to the digital-to-analog converter and simultaneously collects the high voltage detection value output by the analog-to-digital converter for display. A digital-to-analog converter inputs the digital setting signal output by the data processing unit and converts the digital setting signal into an analog output; The analog-to-digital converter inputs the high-voltage detection value output by the follower G3, converts the analog value of the high-voltage detection value into a digital value and outputs it to the data processing unit; Subtractor J1 inputs the analog quantity converted by the digital-to-analog converter, modulates the analog quantity into a bipolar fast-response high-voltage setting signal, outputs it to the proportional-integral regulator B3, and then adjusts the output voltage bias signal to the base of transistor Q2 and transistor Q3; The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the bases of transistor Q2 and transistor Q3; The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the high-voltage optocoupler U1, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the high-voltage optocoupler U2; The high-voltage optocoupler U1 receives the output of the positive main high-voltage generating circuit, and the high-voltage optocoupler U2 receives the output of the negative main high-voltage generating circuit; The high-voltage voltage-dividing resistor R4 converts the high-voltage signal output by the high-voltage optocoupler U1 or the high-voltage optocoupler U2 into a low-voltage signal. After passing through the follower G3, the low-voltage signal is used as a monitoring value of the high-voltage output and is collected by the data processing unit through the analog-to-digital converter; on the other hand, it is input into the proportional-integral regulator B3, and the proportional-integral regulator B3 adjusts the working status of the transistors Q2 and Q3 in the current drive circuit L1 according to the feedback signal.

6. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Transistors Q1 and Q2 are NPN transistors; transistor Q3 is a PNP transistor.

7. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bipolar high voltage control circuit further includes a resistor R1; The emitter of the transistor Q2 and the collector of the transistor Q3 are connected to the resistor R1 and grounded; the resistor R1 functions as a current limiter to prevent the driving current of the high-voltage optocoupler U1 and the high-voltage optocoupler U2 from exceeding a safe range.

8. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bipolar high voltage control circuit further includes a diode D1 and a diode D2; The anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2 are connected between the high-voltage voltage-dividing resistor R4 and the follower G3. The diode D1 and the diode D2 are voltage clamping diodes that provide overvoltage protection for the circuit.

9. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Subtractor J1, proportional-integral regulator B3 and follower G3 are all implemented using operational amplifiers with low offset current.

10. The bipolar scanning high voltage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the high-voltage setting signal output by the subtractor J1 is a positive voltage, the transistor Q2 is turned on, and the transistors Q1 and Q3 are turned off. At this time, the high-voltage optocoupler U1 is turned on and works in the linear region, the high-voltage optocoupler U2 is turned off, and the high-voltage optocoupler U1 outputs a positive voltage; When the high-voltage setting signal output by the subtractor J1 is a negative voltage, the transistor Q3 is turned on, and the transistors Q1 and Q2 are turned off. At this time, the high-voltage optocoupler U2 is turned on and operates in the linear region, the high-voltage optocoupler U1 is turned off, and the high-voltage optocoupler U2 outputs a negative voltage.

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