Sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Abstract

The invention discloses a sow feed rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 and Omega-6) and a preparation method of the sow feed. The mass ratio of the Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid to the Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the sow feed rich in the Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and the Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ranges from 1: 2 to 1: 7.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and in particular relates to a sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which aims to improve the reproductive performance of sows and the growth and development level of piglets by optimizing the fatty acid ratio. Background Art

[0002] The health and production performance of sows are directly related to farming efficiency. Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) PUFAs, as essential fatty acids, play a key role in maintaining cell membrane structure, regulating inflammatory responses, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. Recent studies have shown that the addition of ω-3 PUFAs during gestation and lactation can help improve sow reproductive performance, number of live births, and piglet birth and weaning weights. However, these effects are significantly affected by the level of dietary fat supplementation, total energy balance, and particularly the ω-6:ω-3 PUFA intake ratio.

[0003] Supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs can alter the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio in the intestine and, by regulating the fatty acid distribution and phospholipid composition of the intestinal epithelium, influence the structure and function of the intestinal barrier. Related studies have shown that ω-3 PUFAs and their active metabolites have positive effects in alleviating intestinal inflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Because ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs can each be metabolized to produce eicosanoids with distinct biological activities (such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes), they compete in metabolism within the body. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA ratio is crucial for animal health. Although the importance of ω-6 / ω-3 balance is widely recognized, research on the optimal ω-6 / ω-3 ratio required by sows at different physiological stages remains limited, and no unified standard exists. Existing commercial sow feeds often lack precise control over the ratio of these two fatty acids, potentially leading to disrupted fatty acid metabolism, which can affect the sow's estrous cycle, conception rate, and embryonic survival, while also negatively impacting piglet immunity, survival rate, and early growth.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a specialized feed formula that scientifically defines the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA intake during sow gestation and lactation. This formula should ensure that fatty acid metabolism is balanced within a reasonable ω-6 / ω-3 ratio, thereby stabilizing inflammation, improving sow reproductive performance, and promoting healthy development and early growth of piglets. This approach holds significant research significance and potential for achieving precise nutritional regulation in sows and improving pig farming efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a sow feed rich in ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0007] The mass ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sow feed rich in ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 1:2 to 1:7, preferably 1:2 to 1:4.5, and more preferably 1:2.

[0008] The sow feed includes gestation sow feed and lactation sow feed.

[0009] Preferably, the gestation sow feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of corn, 92 parts of germinated wheat, 50 parts of beet pulp, 250 parts of wheat bran, 100 parts of brown rice, 100 parts of sunflower meal, 140 parts of 43 soybean meal, 180 parts of wheat bran flour, 20 parts of soybean oil, 15 parts of stone powder, 23 parts of premix, and 25 parts of PUFA mixture.

[0010] More preferably, the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of lysine (70%), 0.2 parts of methionine, 0.5 parts of L-threonine, 0.1 parts of tryptophan, 3 parts of choline chloride (60%), 0.3 parts of phytase, 0.4 parts of xylanase, 5.3 parts of sodium chloride, 3.2 parts of an additive composed of a composite of multiple vitamins and a composite of multiple mineral trace elements, and 6 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate; based on the amount added per kg of feed, the additive composed of the composite of multiple vitamins and a composite of multiple mineral trace elements includes vitamin A 5000-8000 IU, vitamin D3 1000-2000 IU, vitamin E 20-40 mg, vitamin K3 2-4 mg, vitamin B1 1-3 mg, vitamin B2 3-5 mg, vitamin B6 2-4 mg, vitamin B12 0.01-0.03 mg, niacin 10-20 mg, pantothenic acid 10-15 mg, folic acid 0.3-0.6 mg, biotin 0.05-0.1 mg, ferrous sulfate 50-80 mg, copper sulfate 8-12 mg, zinc sulfate 50-70 mg, manganese sulfate 20-30 mg, calcium iodate 0.2-0.4 mg, sodium selenite 0.1-0.3 mg. The sweetener, phytase, and xylanase may be commercially available products.

[0011] More preferably, the PUFA mixture comprises 0.8-24.2 parts of rice oil and 0.8-24.2 parts of fish oil.

[0012] The total energy of the complete feed for sows during gestation period is 12.67 MJ / Kg.

[0013] Preferably, the lactating sow feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 205 parts of corn, 100 parts of germinated wheat, 50 parts of puffed soybeans, 50 parts of wheat bran, 150 parts of flour, 100 parts of brown rice, 25 parts of white sugar, 140 parts of 43 soybean meal, 120 parts of wheat short flour, 16 parts of soybean oil, 16 parts of stone powder, 28 parts of premix, and 25 parts of PUFA mixture.

[0014] More preferably, the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5.8 parts of lysine (70%), 0.8 parts of methionine, 1.6 parts of L-threonine, 0.3 parts of tryptophan, 3 parts of choline chloride (60%), 0.3 parts of phytase, 0.2 parts of vitamin E (50%), 0.4 parts of xylanase, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2 parts of sweetener, 3.1 parts of an additive composed of a composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements, and 7.3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate; based on the amount added per kg of feed, the additive composed of the composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements includes vitamin A 5000-8000IU, vitamin D3 1000-2000IU, vitamin E 20-40mg, vitamin K3 2-4mg, vitamin B1 1-3mg, vitamin B2 3-5mg, vitamin B6 2-4mg, vitamin B12 0.01-0.03 mg, niacin 10-20 mg, pantothenic acid 10-15 mg, folic acid 0.3-0.6 mg, biotin 0.05-0.1 mg, ferrous sulfate 50-80 mg, copper sulfate 8-12 mg, zinc sulfate 50-70 mg, manganese sulfate 20-30 mg, calcium iodate 0.2-0.4 mg, sodium selenite 0.1-0.3 mg. The sweetener, phytase, and xylanase may be commercially available products.

[0015] Preferably, the PUFA mixture comprises 0.8-24.2 parts of rice oil and 0.8-24.2 parts of fish oil.

[0016] The total energy of the complete feed for sows during lactation is 14.38 MJ / Kg.

[0017] Preferably, the rice oil is in the form of microencapsulated particles, with a uniformity coefficient of variation of no more than 5% and a particle size of no less than 95% in sow feed; the particle size is the passing rate of a test sieve with a pore size of 0.84 mm.

[0018] Preferably, the fish oil is in the form of microencapsulated particles, which are mixed evenly in sow feed with a coefficient of variation of no more than 5% and a particle size of no less than 95%; the particle size is the passing rate of a test sieve with an aperture of 0.84 mm.

[0019] The present invention will be further described below:

[0020] The present invention involves a nutritional intervention method that systematically improves sow reproductive performance and offspring piglet growth and development by regulating the ω-6 / ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in feed. Research has found that the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio not only regulates the balance of inflammatory signaling pathways but also participates in multiple key physiological processes, including hormone synthesis, immune regulation, and epigenetic control. It is a key regulatory factor in precision sow nutritional management.

[0021] The present invention proposes that controlling the ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA ratio in sow diets from late gestation to lactation within a specific range (2:1–7:1) can achieve the following physiological effects, thereby significantly improving reproductive efficiency and piglet health:

[0022] 1. Change the uterine immune environment and fetal nutrition supply in the late pregnancy: An appropriate ω-6 / ω-3 ratio can regulate the maternal inflammatory state, reduce the production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), enhance the production of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators such as resolvin and protectin, maintain the permeability of the uterine-placental barrier, reduce the risk of chronic inflammation, and ensure stable fetal development.

[0023] 2. Promote the synchronization of delivery rhythm and fetal growth: By regulating the metabolism of AA derived from ω-6, moderately promote the production of PGF2α required for delivery, avoid excessive ω-3 leading to its inhibition and delay of delivery, reduce the rate of stillbirth and dystocia, and ensure that the fetus reaches a good maturity and weight at the time of delivery.

[0024] 3. Improve lactation nutrition and milk fat synthesis efficiency: During lactation, a reasonable fatty acid ratio can promote sows' energy metabolism and avoid liver fat deposition caused by excessive intake of ω-6 (especially linoleic acid), which affects milk fat synthesis. A better ratio helps improve the quality of lipids and immune-related substances in milk, thereby enhancing the ability to transfer maternal nutrients.

[0025] 4. Enhance the early immunity and intestinal barrier function of piglets: The ω-6 / ω-3 ratio is in the range of 2:1–7:1, which can significantly improve the intestinal morphology (such as jejunal villus height and crypt depth) and mucosal structure stability (increased expression of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) of weaned piglets, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, effectively maintain the intestinal barrier function, reduce the risk of diarrhea, and enhance growth uniformity.

[0026] 5. Improved birth quality and early growth performance of piglets: The litter weight of piglets in the 2:1 group at birth (19.83 kg), 10-day (46.44 kg) and 20-day (79.37 kg) were significantly higher than those in other ratio groups (P<0.05), suggesting that providing a low ratio of ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA in late pregnancy is more conducive to fetal development and rapid growth after birth.

[0027] 6. Lay the foundation for the reproductive efficiency and piglet development of the next litter: Some intermediate ratios (such as 7:1) showed a higher total number of piglets born and the number of healthy piglets in the next litter, indicating that the fatty acid regulation during pregnancy and lactation has a certain continuity effect, which is expected to provide nutritional support for long-term reproductive benefits.

[0028] Therefore, the present invention systematically evaluates the comprehensive effects of different ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA ratios (2:1–12:1) in sow diets on sow reproductive performance, breast milk fatty acid composition, piglet growth and development, and reproductive performance of the next parity. The results show that controlling the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio within the range of 2:1–7:1 can effectively improve the lipid metabolism and inflammatory balance of sows, optimize the content of key fatty acids (such as DHA and EPA) in milk fat, significantly increase the litter weight of newborn piglets and the individual and litter weights at 10 and 20 days of age, improve intestinal morphology and inflammatory status, and show a positive trend in the reproductive indicators of the next parity. The above results show that the appropriate PUFA ratio has a continuous nutritional effect across parities during the critical stage of pregnancy and lactation, supporting its use as an important nutritional intervention strategy to improve the reproductive efficiency of sows and the health level of offspring, and has strong application prospects and theoretical guidance value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer as the description progresses. However, it should be understood that the embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the details and forms of the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but such modifications and replacements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The PUFA mixture was prepared using commercially available raw materials: 0.8-24.2 parts of rice oil and 0.8-24.2 parts of fish oil.

[0031] The feed formula for gestational sows is as follows: 200 parts of corn, 92 parts of germinated wheat, 50 parts of beet pulp, 250 parts of wheat bran, 100 parts of brown rice, 100 parts of sunflower meal, 140 parts of 43 soybean meal, 180 parts of wheat flour, 20 parts of soybean oil, and 15 parts of stone powder. 23 parts of premix, the premix including: 4 parts of lysine (70%), 0.2 parts of methionine, 0.5 parts of L-threonine, 0.1 parts of tryptophan, 3 parts of choline chloride (60%), 0.3 parts of phytase, 0.4 parts of xylanase, 5.3 parts of sodium chloride, 3.2 parts of an additive composed of a composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements, and 6 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate; based on the amount added per kg of feed, the additive composed of the composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements includes 5000-8000 IU of vitamin A, 1000-2000 IU of vitamin D3, 20-40 mg of vitamin E, 2-4 mg of vitamin K3, 1-3 mg of vitamin B1, 3-5 mg of vitamin B2, and 6-8 mg of vitamin B6. The invention also includes a nutrient composition comprising: 1-20mg of niacin, 0.2-4mg of vitamin B12, 0.01-0.03mg of vitamin B12, 10-20mg of niacin, 10-15mg of pantothenic acid, 0.3-0.6mg of folic acid, 0.05-0.1mg of biotin, 50-80mg of ferrous sulfate, 8-12mg of copper sulfate, 50-70mg of zinc sulfate, 20-30mg of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.4mg of calcium iodate, and 0.1-0.3mg of sodium selenite. The sweetener, phytase, and xylanase may be commercially available products. The PUFA blend includes 0.8-24.2 parts of rice oil and 0.8-24.2 parts of fish oil.

[0032] The lactating sow feed formula is as follows: 205 parts of corn, 100 parts of sprouted wheat, 50 parts of puffed soybeans, 50 parts of wheat bran, 150 parts of flour, 100 parts of brown rice, 25 parts of white sugar, 140 parts of 43 soybean meal, 120 parts of wheat short flour, 16 parts of soybean oil, and 16 parts of stone powder. The premix comprises: 5.8 parts of lysine (70%), 0.8 parts of methionine, 1.6 parts of L-threonine, 0.3 parts of tryptophan, 3 parts of choline chloride (60%), 0.3 parts of phytase, 0.2 parts of vitamin E (50%), 0.4 parts of xylanase, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2 parts of a sweetener, 3.1 parts of an additive composed of a composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements, and 7.3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate; based on the amount added per kg of feed, the additive composed of the composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements comprises 5000-8000 IU of vitamin A, 1000-2000 IU of vitamin D3, 20-40 mg of vitamin E, 2-4 mg of vitamin K3, 1-3 mg of vitamin B1, 3-5 mg of vitamin B2, 2-4 mg of vitamin B6, and 1-2 mg of vitamin B12. The invention also includes a PUFA blend comprising 0.01-0.03 mg of niacin, 10-20 mg of niacin, 10-15 mg of pantothenic acid, 0.3-0.6 mg of folic acid, 0.05-0.1 mg of biotin, 50-80 mg of ferrous sulfate, 8-12 mg of copper sulfate, 50-70 mg of zinc sulfate, 20-30 mg of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.4 mg of calcium iodate, and 0.1-0.3 mg of sodium selenite. The sweetener, phytase, and xylanase may be commercially available products. The PUFA blend includes 0.8-24.2 parts of rice oil and 0.8-24.2 parts of fish oil.

[0033] To prepare the feed, separately weigh sprouted wheat, puffed soybeans, wheat bran, flour, brown rice, sugar, 43% soybean meal, and wheat slag. Grind the sprouted wheat, puffed soybeans, wheat bran, flour, brown rice, sugar, 43% soybean meal, and wheat slag, pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and mix thoroughly. Add soybean oil, PUFA blend, and premix to the mixture and stir thoroughly to ensure a coefficient of variation of mixing uniformity of no more than 5%. Granulate the mixed materials at a temperature of 70-85°C to produce pelleted feed.

[0034] The pregnant sows used in the sow-pig integration experiment were divided into five experimental groups. The rice oil content in the complete diets fed to sows in the late pregnancy period was 0.08%, 1.5%, 2.01%, 2.26% and 2.42%, respectively, and the fish oil content was 2.42%, 1.00%, 0.49%, 0.24% and 0.08%, respectively; the rice oil content in the complete diets fed to sows in the lactation period was 0%, 1.49%, 2.02%, 2.30% and 2.46%, respectively, and the fish oil content was 2.50%, 1.01%, 0.48%, 0.20% and 0.04%, respectively, see Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 Content and ratio of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA in feed

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] From gestational day 85 to day 114 of farrowing (a total of 30 days), the sows in each experimental group were fed the aforementioned late gestation sow feed. From the day of farrowing to day 21 of suckling piglets (a total of 21 days), the sows in each experimental group were fed the aforementioned lactation sow feed.

[0039] After the experiment, the reproductive performance of the sows was statistically analyzed and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0040] Table 2 Reproductive performance of sows

[0041]

[0042] The data in Table 2 show that, based on sow reproductive performance data, a low ω-6 / ω-3 ratio (2:1) helps increase initial litter weight and piglet weight during lactation, likely due to the high ω-3 fatty acid content in sow milk. High ω-6 / ω-3 ratios (9.5:1 and 12:1) have a negative impact on litter weight and piglet body weight, likely due to an insufficient supply of ω-3 fatty acids, which limits piglet growth.

[0043] Table 3 Effect of ω-6 / ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on reproductive performance of sows in the next parity

[0044]

[0045] From Table 3, we can see that the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio has a tendency to affect the number of weak embryos in the next litter of sows (0.05<P<0.1), among which the number of weak embryos in the 2:1 group is the lowest and the 7:1 group is the highest.

[0046] Table 4 Effect of the ω-6 / ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on the relative fatty acid content of breast milk colostrum

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] According to the data in Table 4, the range of the ω-6 / ω-36 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in breast milk has narrowed from 2:1-12:1 in sow feed to 8:1-14:1.

[0050] Statistical analysis of the organ indices of piglets born from sows in the experimental group was performed. Organ indices were calculated using the following formula: Organ index = organ / body weight. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0051] Table 5 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on piglet organ index

[0052]

[0053] The data in Table 5 show that different ω-6 / ω-3 ratios had no significant effect on newborn piglet organ indices, indicating that fatty acid regulation during sow gestation has little direct effect on newborn piglet organ development. High ω-6 / ω-3 ratio diets (9.5:1 and 12:1) significantly increased liver and kidney indices in weaned piglets, possibly due to an increased metabolic burden.

[0054] The intestinal morphology of weaned piglets born from sows in the experimental group was statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0055] Table 6 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on intestinal morphology of weaned piglets

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Low ω-6 / ω-3 ratio diets (2:1 and 4.5:1) significantly increased the villus height of the jejunum and decreased the crypt depth of the jejunum or ileum in weaned piglets. The ω-6 / ω-3 ratio had little effect on the duodenum of weaned piglets.

[0059] Table 7 shows the statistical analysis of inflammatory factors in the ileum of weaned piglets from sows in the 2:1, 7:1, and 12:1 diets.

[0060] Table 7 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on ileal inflammatory factors in weaned piglets

[0061] 2:1 7:1 12:1 SEM P value IL-1β, pg / ml <![CDATA[811.04 b ]]> <![CDATA[776.61 b ]]> <![CDATA[1105.38 a ]]> 89.05 0.05 TNF-α, pg / ml 26394 24302 32919 2381 0.082 IL-6, pg / ml 14126 14775 17397 1321 0.408

[0062] IL-1β is a major proinflammatory cytokine involved in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. TNF-α is a classic proinflammatory cytokine that induces acute inflammatory responses. IL-6 has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Results showed that IL-1β levels in the ileum of weaned piglets differed significantly among the three groups, with the 12:1 group exhibiting increased IL-1β secretion in the ileum.

[0063] The expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins in the ileum of weaned piglets from sows in the 2:1, 7:1, and 12:1 ratios was statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0064] Table 8 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the relative expression abundance of intestinal barrier-related proteins in weaned piglets

[0065] 2:1 7:1 12:1 SEM P value claudin-1 5.21 3.39 4.78 0.447 0.231 occludin 2.88 1.63 2.33 0.340 0.321 ZO-1 1.17 0.55 1.18 0.130 0.078

[0066] The results showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of claudin-1, MUC2, occludin and ZO1 in the ileum of the three groups of weaned piglets.

[0067] Table 9 Oxidized lipid content in the ileum of weaned piglets

[0068]

[0069] As shown in Table 9, PGE2, PGA2, PGB2, LTB4, 5-HETE, and 11(S)-HETE are all pro-inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid. The 12:1 group increased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators 5-HETE, 11(S)-HETE, and PGA2 in the ileum of piglets. 20-HDHA and 16-HDHA are oxidative metabolites of the ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while 5-HEPE is a metabolite of the ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and has anti-inflammatory and other physiological activities. The 2:1 group significantly increased the levels of 20-HDHA, 16-HDHA, and 5-HEPE in the ileum of piglets compared to the 7:1 and 12:1 groups.

[0070] This study systematically studied the effects of different ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA ratios (2:1–12:1) on sow reproductive performance and offspring growth and development. It was found that limiting the ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA ratio to a range of 2:1–7:1 significantly optimized the nutritional status of sows and the fetal development environment, resulting in the following beneficial effects:

[0071] 1) Improved birth and early growth and development of piglets: The 2:1 group performed best in terms of litter weight at birth, 10-day-old litter weight, and 20-day-old litter weight, reaching 19.83 kg, 46.44 kg, and 79.37 kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in other ratio groups (P<0.05), indicating that a low ratio of ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA is beneficial for improving the uniformity and growth potential of piglets.

[0072] 2) Optimizing breast milk fatty acid composition and improving maternal nutritional quality: As the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio in the diet increased, the content of ω-3 fatty acids such as DHA and EPA in breast milk decreased significantly, while the content of ω-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA) increased significantly (P<0.001), resulting in an increase in the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio from 8.1 to 14.1. These results suggest that controlling the proportion of PUFA in the diet can help improve the nutritional balance of milk fat and enhance the supply of maternal immune and neurodevelopmental factors.

[0073] 3) Reduce the accumulation of oxidized lipids and inflammatory mediators, and maintain intestinal homeostasis in piglets: In the ileum of weaned piglets, significantly elevated levels of ω-6 oxidation products such as PGE2, 5-HETE, and TXB2 were detected in the 12:1 group. At the same time, ω-3-derived anti-inflammatory metabolites (such as 20-HDHA and 5-HEPE) were significantly higher in the 2:1 group, indicating that a low proportion of PUFA can effectively control local inflammatory lipid signals, reduce intestinal inflammatory pressure, and contribute to intestinal barrier and immune maturation.

[0074] 4) Supporting reproductive potential and parity stability: Although the 7:1 group showed a higher total number of piglets born (15.73) and number of live piglets (14.38) in the next parity, the differences were not statistically significant. At the same time, the number of weak piglets was relatively high, suggesting that it may have certain potential in terms of reproductive sustainability, but it still needs to be comprehensively weighed in combination with other indicators.

[0075] 5) Excessively high ratios present adverse trends: When the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio increases to 9.5:1 and 12:1, piglet litter weight, growth indicators and some reproductive parameters all show a downward trend. At the same time, the levels of intestinal inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β) in weaned piglets increase, and the intestinal morphology changes, indicating that high-ratio PUFA intake may induce chronic low-grade inflammation, destroy intestinal homeostasis, and thus be detrimental to piglet development.

[0076] In summary, by limiting the ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA ratio in sow diets to a scientific range of 2:1 to 7:1, the present invention can achieve synergistic optimization of reproductive performance and nutritional metabolism while taking into account fetal development, delivery efficiency and offspring health, and has strong application and promotion value.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made based on the content of the present invention are included in the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Omega-3 to Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 1:2 to 1:

7.

2. The sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of Omega-3 to Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 1:2 to 1:4.

5.

3. The sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to claim 2, characterized in that The mass ratio of Omega-3 to Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 1:

2.

4. The sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The sow feed includes gestation sow feed and lactation sow feed.

5. The sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The gestation sow feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of corn, 92 parts of germinated wheat, 50 parts of beet pulp, 250 parts of wheat bran, 100 parts of brown rice, 100 parts of sunflower meal, 140 parts of 43 soybean meal, 180 parts of wheat short flour, 20 parts of soybean oil, 15 parts of stone powder, 23 parts of premix, and 25 parts of PUFA mixture.

6. The sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to claim 5, characterized in that: The premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of lysine, 0.2 parts of methionine, 0.5 parts of L-threonine, 0.1 parts of tryptophan, 3 parts of choline chloride, 0.3 parts of phytase, 0.4 parts of xylanase, 5.3 parts of sodium chloride, 3.2 parts of an additive composed of a composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements, and 6 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate; based on the amount added per kg of feed, the additive composed of the composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements comprises 5000-8000 IU of vitamin A, 1000-2000 IU of vitamin D3, 20-40 mg of vitamin E, 2-4 mg of vitamin K3, 3-3 mg of vitamin B11, 3-5 mg of vitamin B2, 2-4 mg of vitamin B6, 0.01-0.03 mg of vitamin B12, 10-20 mg of niacin, 10-15 mg of pantothenic acid, and 0.3-15 mg of folic acid. 0.6mg, biotin 0.05-0.1mg, ferrous sulfate 50-80mg, copper sulfate 8-12mg, zinc sulfate 50-70mg, manganese sulfate 20-30mg, calcium iodate 0.2-0.4mg, sodium selenite 0.1-0.3mg; the PUFA mixture includes 0.8-24.2 parts of rice oil and 0.8-24.2 parts of fish oil.

7. The sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lactating sow feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 205 parts of corn, 100 parts of germinated wheat, 50 parts of puffed soybeans, 50 parts of wheat bran, 150 parts of flour, 100 parts of brown rice, 25 parts of white sugar, 140 parts of 43 soybean meal, 120 parts of wheat short flour, 16 parts of soybean oil, 16 parts of stone powder, 28 parts of premix, and 25 parts of PUFA mixture.

8. The sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to claim 7, characterized in that: The premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5.8 parts of lysine, 0.8 parts of methionine, 1.6 parts of L-threonine, 0.3 parts of tryptophan, 3 parts of choline chloride, 0.3 parts of phytase, 0.2 parts of vitamin E, 0.4 parts of xylanase, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2 parts of a sweetener, 3.1 parts of an additive composed of a composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements, and 7.3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate; and in terms of the amount added per kg of feed, the additive composed of the composite of multiple vitamins and multiple mineral trace elements comprises 5000-8000 IU of vitamin A, 1000-2000 IU of vitamin D3, 20-40 mg of vitamin E, 2-4 mg of vitamin K3, 1-3 mg of vitamin B1, 3-5 mg of vitamin B2, 2-4 mg of vitamin B6, 0.01-0.03 mg of vitamin B12, and 10-20 mg of niacin. 20mg, pantothenic acid 10-15mg, folic acid 0.3-0.6mg, biotin 0.05-0.1mg, ferrous sulfate 50-80mg, copper sulfate 8-12mg, zinc sulfate 50-70mg, manganese sulfate 20-30mg, calcium iodate 0.2-0.4mg, sodium selenite 0.1-0.3mg; the PUFA mixture includes 0.8-24.2 parts of rice oil and 0.8-24.2 parts of fish oil.

9. Use of the sow feed rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in improving the reproductive efficiency of sows and regulating the health level of offspring.

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