Pig feed capable of improving feed utilization rate and preparation method of pig feed

Abstract

The present invention discloses a feed utilization rate improving pig feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of pig feeds, the feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 7-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-3 parts of propionic acid starch, 0.5-1 part of edible salt, 1-3 parts of baking soda, and 4-8 parts of a premix; the use effect of the pig feed is remarkably improved through a starch modification technology and a scientific proportioning scheme, remarkable effects are achieved in the aspects of improving the feed utilization rate and enhancing the palatability of the pig feed, and reliable support can be provided for green and healthy breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pig feed, and in particular to a pig feed capable of improving feed utilization rate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In intensive pig production, pigs generally face the phenomenon of deteriorating intestinal health, such as intestinal digestive disorders and suppressed feed intake. Feed utilization is one of the important economic traits affecting the cost of the pig industry. With feed costs rising year by year, improving feed utilization and reducing feed expenditure are the core scientific issues facing efficient poultry production. As an important site for digestion and absorption, the health of the intestine directly affects the feed utilization of poultry. Short-chain fatty acids can not only serve as an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, support intestinal health, and increase villus length, but also provide energy to the whole body through blood circulation, enhance the metabolism of the pig herd, and help improve feed conversion rate. Short-chain fatty acids can also promote intestinal health, which also reduces feed waste caused by disease. However, if short-chain fatty acids are added directly to the feed, their effect will be reduced. Short-chain fatty acids will be rapidly absorbed and metabolized in the upper gastrointestinal tract of the pig and will not promote the development of the lower intestine.

[0003] Therefore, the present invention is specially proposed to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to address the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a pig feed that improves feed utilization and a preparation method thereof, which utilizes the release of propionic acid starch in the gastrointestinal tract to increase villus length and improve the overall health of the gastrointestinal tract, reduce inflammation, and rebuild a stable microecological environment. This is an efficient feed technology that improves feed conversion efficiency from the root.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency is prepared from the following components, measured by weight: 50-60 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 7-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-3 parts of propionic acid starch, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-3 parts of baking soda, and 4-8 parts of a premix; the propionic acid starch is prepared by mixing corn starch and cassava starch in a mass ratio of 1:1; Preferably, the method for preparing starch propionate comprises the following steps: (1) Mix the mixture of corn starch and tapioca starch with water in a mass ratio of 5:3 and stir at 60°C for 20 min; (2) After adding food-grade sodium carbonate to adjust the pH to 8.5, propionic anhydride was added dropwise and reacted at 50°C for 2 h, wherein the mass ratio of starch to propionic anhydride was (88-175):1; (3) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 6-7 to terminate the reaction. Pour the reaction solution into 3 times the volume of 70% ethanol solution to precipitate a white precipitate. (4) The white precipitate was washed and filtered with ethanol, dried at 60°C for 12 h, and crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain propionic acid starch.

[0006] Preferably, the propionic acid starch is an esterified modified starch with a degree of substitution of 0.05 to 0.1.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing pig feed for improving feed utilization, comprising the following steps: S1. Base material pretreatment: corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut meal, and rapeseed meal are pretreated and cleaned separately for later use; S2. The crushed corn flour is gelatinized in an extruder. When the corn flour is released from the mold, the pressure drops suddenly, and the water vaporizes and expands to form gelatinized corn flour with a porous structure. S3. After the temperature is cooled, the propionic acid starch, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, peanut meal powder, rapeseed meal powder, premix, salt and baking soda are placed in a feed mixer and mixed evenly to obtain pig feed with improved feed utilization rate.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the puffing temperature is 110-130° C., and the puffing pressure is 2-3 MPa.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, corn flour and propionic acid starch are first placed in a blender and mixed for 10 minutes, and then soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, peanut meal powder, rapeseed meal powder, premix, salt, and baking soda are added and stirred for 30 minutes.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the pig feed for improving feed utilization is 1000-1600 μm.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The pig feed with improved feed utilization provided by the present invention can achieve the effects of enhancing intestinal health, extending villus length, and increasing the villus-to-cryptopotentiostat ratio. Propionate starch is adhered to gelatinized corn starch, thereby increasing the utilization rate of propionate starch. Moreover, after the propionate starch successfully enters the lower end of the intestine, it is hydrolyzed by the action of digestive enzymes to release propionic acid, thereby achieving effective and accurate delivery. Through this method, the negative effects of using medicinal zinc and antibiotics for treatment can be effectively reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 Flowchart for the preparation of pig feed to improve feed utilization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Preparation Example 1 The preparation method of starch propionate comprises the following steps: (1) Mix the mixture of corn starch and tapioca starch with water in a mass ratio of 5:3 and stir at 60°C for 20 min; (2) After adding food-grade sodium carbonate to adjust the pH to 8.5, propionic anhydride was added dropwise and reacted at 50°C for 2 h, wherein the mass ratio of starch to propionic anhydride was (88-175):1; (3) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 6-7 to terminate the reaction. Pour the reaction solution into 3 times the volume of 70% ethanol solution to precipitate a white precipitate. (4) The white precipitate was washed and filtered with ethanol, dried at 60°C for 12 h, and crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain propionic acid starch with a degree of substitution of 0.05-0.1 for later use.

[0015] Example 1 A pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency, characterized in that it is made from the following components, in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of peanut meal, 7 parts of rapeseed meal, 1 part of propionic acid starch, 0.5 parts of salt, 1 part of baking soda, and 4 parts of premix; the propionic acid starch is prepared by mixing corn starch and cassava starch in a mass ratio of 1:1; A method for preparing pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation of propionic acid starch: Prepare propionic acid starch according to the preparation example and set aside.

[0016] S2, base material pretreatment, 50 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of peanut meal, and 7 parts of rapeseed meal are pretreated and washed for use; S3. Prepare a premix by mixing 8 parts of vitamin A, 3 parts of vitamin E, 3 parts of vitamin K, 1 part of vitamin B, 3 parts of vitamin D, 7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of sodium selenite, 1 part of potassium iodide, 1 part of copper sulfate, 1 part of folic acid, 6 parts of lysine, 4 parts of tryptophan, 2 parts of methionine, and 2 parts of threonine.

[0017] S4, gelatinizing the crushed corn flour in an extruder at 110° C. and 2 MPa, wherein the pressure drops suddenly when the corn flour is ejected from the mold, and the water vaporizes and expands to form gelatinized corn flour with a porous structure; S5. After the temperature has cooled, 50 parts of corn flour and 1 part of propionic acid starch with a degree of substitution of 0.1 are placed in a blender and mixed for 10 minutes. Then, 10 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of peanut meal, 7 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 parts of premix, 0.5 parts of salt, and 1 part of baking soda are added and stirred for 30 minutes. After stirring evenly, the mixture is crushed to a particle size of 1000-1600 μm to obtain a pig feed with improved feed utilization rate.

[0018] Example 2 A pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency, characterized in that it is made from the following components, in parts by weight: 60 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 3 parts of propionic acid starch, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of baking soda, and 8 parts of premix; the propionic acid starch is prepared by mixing corn starch and cassava starch in a mass ratio of 1:1; A method for preparing pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation of propionic acid starch: Prepare propionic acid starch according to the preparation example and set aside.

[0019] S2, base material pretreatment, 60 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of peanut meal, and 10 parts of rapeseed meal are pretreated and washed for use; S3. Prepare a premix by mixing 10 parts of vitamin A, 5 parts of vitamin E, 5 parts of vitamin K, 3 parts of vitamin B, 5 parts of vitamin D, 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of sodium selenite, 3 parts of potassium iodide, 3 parts of copper sulfate, 3 parts of folic acid, 8 parts of lysine, 6 parts of tryptophan, 4 parts of methionine, and 4 parts of threonine.

[0020] S4, gelatinizing the crushed corn flour in an extruder at 110° C. and 2 MPa, wherein the pressure drops suddenly when the corn flour is ejected from the mold, and the water vaporizes and expands to form gelatinized corn flour with a porous structure; S5. After the temperature has cooled, 60 parts of corn flour and 3 parts of propionic acid starch with a degree of substitution of 0.05 are placed in a blender and mixed for 10 minutes. Then, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of premix, 1 part of salt, and 3 parts of baking soda are added and stirred for 30 minutes. After stirring evenly, the mixture is crushed to a particle size of 1000-1600 μm to obtain a pig feed with improved feed utilization.

[0021] Example 3 A pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency, characterized in that it is made from the following components, in parts by weight: 55 parts of corn, 15 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of propionic acid starch, 0.5 parts of salt, 2 parts of baking soda, and 6 parts of premix; the propionic acid starch is prepared by mixing corn starch and cassava starch in a mass ratio of 1:1; A method for preparing pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation of propionic acid starch: Prepare propionic acid starch according to the preparation example and set aside.

[0022] S2, base material pretreatment, 55 parts of corn, 15 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of peanut meal, and 8 parts of rapeseed meal are pretreated and washed for use; S3. Prepare a premix by mixing 9 parts of vitamin A, 4 parts of vitamin E, 4 parts of vitamin K, 2 parts of vitamin B, 4 parts of vitamin D, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 2 parts of potassium iodide, 2 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of folic acid, 7 parts of lysine, 5 parts of tryptophan, 3 parts of methionine, and 3 parts of threonine.

[0023] S4, gelatinizing the crushed corn flour in an extruder at 110° C. and 2 MPa, wherein the pressure drops suddenly when the corn flour is ejected from the mold, and the water vaporizes and expands to form gelatinized corn flour with a porous structure; S5. After the temperature has cooled, 55 parts of corn flour and 2 parts of propionic acid starch with a degree of substitution of 0.07 are placed in a blender and mixed for 10 minutes. Then, 15 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of premix, 0.5 parts of salt, and 2 parts of baking soda are added and stirred for 30 minutes. After stirring evenly, the mixture is crushed to a particle size of 1000-1600 μm to obtain a pig feed with improved feed utilization.

[0024] Comparative Example 1 The pig feed prepared in this comparative example is different from that in Example 3 in that the propionate starch is replaced by calcium propionate.

[0025] Comparative Example 2 The pig feed used in this comparative example is a common pig feed available on the market, purchased from Shandong Mengjie E-Commerce Co., Ltd. under the brand name "Chongwowo".

[0026] Comparative Example 3 The pig feed prepared in this comparative example is different from that in Example 3 in that propionic acid starch is not added.

[0027] Experimental Example 1 Growth performance test According to the principle of similar weight, age and sex ratio, three-way fattening pigs were selected for fattening experiment. The average weight was about 70 kg. They were fed with the pig feed prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively. Each group was repeated three times, with 10 pigs in each group. The same feeding and management methods were used to raise the pigs for 56 days. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0028] Table 1 As can be seen from Table 1, the feed-to-meat ratio of the pig feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 3 for improving feed utilization is lower than that of the control group. This is because the addition of propionic acid starch improves the morphology of intestinal villi, releases propionic acid in the intestine, and provides nutrition for fermentation bacteria.

[0029] Experimental Example 2: Villus morphology experiment The pigs were slaughtered, and approximately 2 cm of intestinal tissue samples from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were separated and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained. The villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) were observed and measured using an optical microscope, and the villus crypt ratio (VH / CD) was calculated. The data are shown in Table 2 below.

[0030] Table 2 As can be seen from Table 2, the pig feed prepared in Example 1 has a significantly improved velvet-to-cryptoprotein ratio and can further promote the absorption and utilization of feed by the intestine. Although calcium propionate was also added to Comparative Example 1, the propionic acid utilization rate was not high due to the loss in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

[0031] Experimental Example 3 Palatability The pig feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were placed in different feeding troughs, respectively. The feed intake of the various feeds was recorded within 24 hours, and the preference index was calculated. The data are shown in Table 3 below.

[0032] Preference index = single feed intake / total feed intake*100%.

[0033] Table 3 Group Preference Index Example 1 80% Example 2 76% Example 3 82% Comparative Example 1 59% Comparative Example 2 73% Comparative Example 3 79% As can be seen from Table 3, the pig feeds for improving feed utilization prepared in Examples 1 to 3 have good palatability, while the replacement of propionic acid starch with calcium propionate in Comparative Example 1 affects palatability.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pig feed for improving feed utilization, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 7-10 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-3 parts of propionic acid starch, 0.5-1 part of salt, 1-3 parts of baking soda, and 4-8 parts of premix; the propionic acid starch is prepared by mixing corn starch and cassava starch in a mass ratio of 1:1; The preparation method of the propionic acid starch comprises the following steps: (1) Mix the mixture of corn starch and tapioca starch with water in a mass ratio of 5:3 and stir at 60°C for 20 min; (2) After adding food-grade sodium carbonate to adjust the pH to 8.5, propionic anhydride was added dropwise and reacted at 50°C for 2 h, wherein the mass ratio of starch to propionic anhydride was (88-175):1; (3) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 6-7 to terminate the reaction. Pour the reaction solution into 3 times the volume of 70% ethanol solution to precipitate a white precipitate. (4) The white precipitate was washed and filtered with ethanol, dried at 60°C for 12 h, and crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain propionic acid starch.

2. The pig feed for improving feed utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propionic acid starch is an esterified modified starch with a degree of substitution of 0.05 to 0.

1.

3. The pig feed for improving feed utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix is ​​made of the following components in parts by weight: 8 to 10 parts of vitamin A, 3 to 5 parts of vitamin E, 3 to 5 parts of vitamin K, 1 to 3 parts of vitamin B, 3 to 5 parts of vitamin D, 7 to 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 to 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 to 3 parts of sodium selenite, 1 to 3 parts of potassium iodide, 1 to 3 parts of copper sulfate, 1 to 3 parts of folic acid, 6 to 8 parts of lysine, 4 to 6 parts of tryptophan, 2 to 4 parts of methionine, and 2 to 4 parts of threonine.

4. A method for preparing a pig feed for improving feed utilization as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Base material pretreatment: corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, peanut meal, and rapeseed meal are pretreated and cleaned separately for later use; S2. The crushed corn flour is gelatinized in an extruder. When the corn flour is released from the mold, the pressure drops suddenly, and the water vaporizes and expands to form gelatinized corn flour with a porous structure. S3. After the temperature is cooled, the propionic acid starch, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, peanut meal powder, rapeseed meal powder, premix, salt and baking soda are placed in a feed mixer and mixed evenly to obtain pig feed with improved feed utilization rate.

5. The method for preparing pig feed for improving feed utilization rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the puffing temperature is 110-130° C., and the puffing pressure is 2-3 MPa.

6. The method for preparing pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, gelatinized corn flour and propionic acid starch are first placed in a blender and mixed for 10 minutes, and then soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, peanut meal powder, rapeseed meal powder, premix, salt, and baking soda are added and stirred for 30 minutes.

7. The method for preparing pig feed for improving feed utilization efficiency according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the pig feed for improving feed utilization is 1000-1600 μm.

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