Pig feed for later fattening period and preparation method of pig feed

Abstract

The invention provides a pig feed for late fattening period and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of pork pig breeding. According to the fattening later-stage pig feed, 10%-15% of a nutritional supplement is added into each kilogram of fattening feed, and the nutritional supplement is composed of a pine and cypress branch fermented material, a lotus root fermented material, alfalfa powder, a roxburgh rose extract and caffeine. Wherein the pine and cypress branch fermented material is obtained by carrying out enzymolysis treatment on pine and cypress branches by adopting cellulase and then fermenting by adopting bifidobacterium and cryptococcus laurentii; the lotus root fermented material is obtained by fermenting cooked lotus roots with lactobacillus plantarum. The defects in the prior art are overcome, the weight gain efficiency of the pork pigs in the later fattening period is effectively guaranteed, meanwhile, the pork quality is further improved, and the economic benefits of pork pig breeding are comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pig breeding, and in particular to a late-stage fattening pig feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pork is the meat with the largest consumption proportion in my country, and the scale of pig farming in my country is correspondingly large. In the process of pig farming, the main economic value of farming is realized during the fattening period of pigs. The weight gain of pigs and the determination of pork quality are both achieved in this stage.

[0003] The fattening period of pig farming is mainly divided into the early fattening period and the late fattening period. The early fattening period is mainly for the development of bones and muscles, usually the weight change of 30-60kg for pigs. The requirements for feed in the early fattening period are mainly high minerals and high protein. Generally, as long as this feeding condition is met, the difference between pigs is small; and the late fattening period is mainly for the weight change of pigs from 60kg to slaughter. This stage is mainly for fattening and meat growth. It is the real fattening period. This period not only requires pigs to gain weight rapidly, but also has an important impact on the quality of pork. At this stage, generally on the basis of ensuring sufficient protein, a variety of auxiliary materials are added to promote pig weight gain while improving pork quality.

[0004] In the existing technology, alfalfa, cottonseed meal fermentation feed, probiotics, etc. are often used as pig feed additives in the late fattening stage, which can improve the weight gain efficiency of pigs to a certain extent, but have little overall impact on the subsequent quality changes of pork. Therefore, on this basis, a new late fattening pig feed is developed to effectively ensure the fattening of pigs while improving the quality of pork and enhancing the immunity of pigs, which has high economic value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a late-fattening pig feed and a preparation method thereof, which effectively ensures the weight gain efficiency of pigs in the late fattening period while further improving the quality of pork, thereby comprehensively improving the economic benefits of pig farming.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A late-stage fattening pig feed comprises 10%-15% of a nutritional supplement added to each kilogram of fattening feed, wherein the nutritional supplement consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of pine and cypress branch fermentation material, 4-6 parts of lotus root fermentation material, 2-4 parts of alfalfa powder, 0.3-0.6 parts of roxburghii extract, and 0.1-0.2 parts of caffeine; the pine and cypress branch fermentation material is obtained by treating pine and cypress branches with cellulase and then fermenting them with bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii; the lotus root fermentation material is obtained by fermenting cooked lotus roots with Lactobacillus plantarum; and the roxburghii extract is obtained by ultrasonically extracting the roxburghii and then freeze-drying it.

[0007] Preferably, the fattening feed is composed of the following ingredients in weight percentage: 62%-66% corn, 22%-25% soybean meal, 8%-12% bran, and 4% premix.

[0008] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the pine and cypress branch fermented material comprises the following steps: S1-1. Dry and crush the pine and cypress branches, add 3-5 times the volume of clean water and stir evenly, then add 0.1%-0.2% cellulase of the total weight of the pine and cypress branches, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, then kill the enzyme to obtain the pretreated material for use; S1-2. The pretreated material is inoculated with Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii, fermented for 28-34 hours, and then dried to obtain the pine and cypress branch fermented material.

[0009] Preferably, the inoculation amount of Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii in step S1-2 is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the pretreated material, and the viable counts of Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii are both 10 8 -10 10 pcs / g.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the lotus root fermented material comprises the following steps: S2-1. Grind the fresh lotus root into pulp, and steam it in a steamer at 110-120° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a cooked pulp for later use; S2-2. After cooling the cooked slurry, the moisture content is controlled to be 40-60%, and then inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum for fermentation for 12-18 hours, and then spray-dried to obtain a lotus root fermented material.

[0011] The amount of plant lactobacillus inoculated in step S2-2 is 0.2%-0.3% of the weight of the cooked slurry, and the number of viable bacteria of plant lactobacillus is 10 8 -10 10 pcs / g.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the roxburghii extract comprises the following steps: S3-1. Add 2-3 times the volume of fresh roxburghii to water and grind into a pulp. Then, ultrasonically extract at 30-40°C for 15-20 minutes, squeeze and filter, and obtain the filtrate for later use. S3-2, centrifuging the filtrate to remove the precipitate, and freeze-drying the supernatant to obtain the roxburghii extract.

[0013] Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic treatment in step S3-1 is 400-600W.

[0014] The preparation method of fattening late pig feed comprises the following steps: (1) Dissolve caffeine and roxburghii extract in water to obtain a mixture for later use; (2) Add the above mixture to the fermented pine and cypress branches, the fermented lotus root, and the alfalfa powder and mix evenly, controlling the water content to 30%-40%, and obtain the nutritional supplement for later use; (3) Add the nutritional supplement to the fattening feed before use and stir evenly to obtain the late fattening pig feed.

[0015] The present invention provides a late-stage fattening pig feed and a preparation method thereof, which has the following advantages over the prior art: The present invention adopts fermented pine and cypress branches and fermented lotus root as main additive ingredients. After the pine and cypress branches and lotus root are fermented with different bacterial agents, the lean meat rate and tenderness of the pigs are effectively promoted to be fed, and the quality of the pork is comprehensively improved. On this basis, alfalfa powder, sea buckthorn extract, caffeine and other substances are combined to comprehensively improve the immune performance of the pigs, prevent the pigs from getting sick in the later stage of fattening, ensure the economic benefits of breeding, and reduce losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a bar graph showing the effects of different feeds on the weight growth rate of pigs in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a bar graph showing the effects of different feeds on the lean meat rate of pigs in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The bifidobacterium used in the following examples was Bifidobacterium adolescentis, purchased from Xi'an Dongfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a viable count of 10 10 Cryptococcus laurentii was obtained from Zhejiang University, with a viable count of 10 10 / g, and the deposit number of Cryptococcus laurentii is CGMCC NO.3590, and the strain is disclosed in the patent application number CN201010152108.4 applied on December 15, 2010; Lactobacillus plantarum was purchased from Shanxi Xinnuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the viable cell count was 10 10 Cellulase was purchased from Nanning Dongheng Huadao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. with an activity of 40,000 U / g.

[0019] The composition of the fattening feed is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0020] The premix provides the following per kilogram of diet: VA 9000 IU / kg, VD33000 IU / kg, VE 26mg, VK31.20mg, VB13mg / kg, VB28mg / kg, niacin 45mg / kg, pantothenic acid 10mg / kg, folic acid 0.75mg / kg, Zn 35mg / kg, Mn50mg / kg, Fe 90mg / kg, Cu 6mg / kg, I 0.3mg / kg, Se 0.35mg / kg, Co 0.15mg / kg. Example 1:

[0021] 1. Processing of raw materials: 1. Fermented pine and cypress branches: 1.1、SBZ-1: (1) Dry the pine and cypress branches at 50°C and crush them, add 4 times the volume of clean water and stir evenly, then add 0.2% of the total weight of the pine and cypress branches into the cellulase, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 2.5 hours. Then heat it to 80°C and keep it warm for 20 minutes to kill the enzyme, and the pretreated material is ready for use; (2) The pretreated material was inoculated with 0.2% of Bifidobacterium and 0.2% of Cryptococcus laurentii in the total amount of the pretreated material, fermented for 30 hours, and then dried at 45°C to obtain SBZ-1.

[0022] 1.2、SBZ-2: (1) Dry the pine and cypress branches at 50°C and crush them, add 4 times the volume of clean water and stir evenly, then add 0.2% of the total weight of the pine and cypress branches into the cellulase, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 2.5 hours. Then heat it to 80°C and keep it warm for 20 minutes to kill the enzyme, and the pretreated material is ready for use; (2) The pretreated material was inoculated with 0.2% of Bifidobacterium in the total amount of the pretreated material, fermented for 30 hours, and then dried at 45°C to obtain SBZ-2.

[0023] 1.3、SBZ-3: (1) Dry the pine and cypress branches at 50°C and crush them, add 4 times the volume of clean water and stir evenly, then add 0.2% of the total weight of the pine and cypress branches into the cellulase, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 2.5 hours. Then heat it to 80°C and keep it warm for 20 minutes to kill the enzyme, and the pretreated material is ready for use; (2) The pretreated material was inoculated with Cryptococcus laurentii at a concentration of 0.2% of the total amount of the pretreated material, and the fermentation was carried out for 30 hours and then dried at 45°C to obtain SBZ-3.

[0024] 2. Preparation of lotus root fermentation material: 2.1、LO-1: (1) Grind the fresh lotus root into pulp, steam it in a steamer at 115°C for 20 minutes, and prepare the pulp for later use; (2) After the cooked slurry is cooled, the moisture content is controlled at 50%, and then 0.3% of the total mass of the cooked slurry is inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and fermented for 15 hours, and then spray-dried to obtain LO-1.

[0025] 2.2, LO-2: Fresh lotus root was ground into pulp and the moisture content was controlled at 50%. Then, 0.3% of the total mass of the lotus root pulp was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and fermented for 15 hours. The pulp was then spray-dried to obtain LO-2.

[0026] 2.3, Rosa roxburghii extract: (1) Add 3 times the volume of fresh roxburghii to water and grind into pulp, then use 400W ultrasonic extraction at 35℃ for 20min, then squeeze and filter to obtain the filtrate for later use; (2) The filtrate was centrifuged to remove the precipitate, and the supernatant was freeze-dried to obtain the roxburghii extract.

[0027] 3. Corn straw fermentation material: (1) The corn straw was dried at 50°C and then crushed, and 4 times the volume of clean water was added and stirred evenly. Then, 0.2% of the total weight of the corn straw was added with cellulase, and the mixture was enzymatically treated for 2.5 hours. The mixture was then heated to 80°C and kept warm for 20 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. The pretreated material was then prepared for use. (2) The pretreated material was inoculated with 0.2% of Bifidobacterium and 0.2% of Cryptococcus laurentii in the total amount of the pretreated material, and then fermented for 30 hours and dried at 45°C to obtain corn straw fermentation material.

[0028] 4. Corn fermentation feed: (1) Grind fresh corn into pulp, steam it in a steamer at 115°C for 20 minutes, and prepare the cooked pulp for later use; (2) After the cooked slurry is cooled, the moisture content is controlled at 50%, and then 0.3% of the total mass of the cooked slurry is inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and fermented for 15 hours, and then spray-dried to obtain corn fermentation material.

[0029] 2. Configuration of nutritional supplements: Prepare different nutritional supplements according to the weight parts in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0030] 3. Preparation of pig feed in the late fattening period: Different late-stage fattening pig feeds were prepared according to the feed formulas in Table 3 below: Table 3 Example 2:

[0031] The same batch of pigs entering the late fattening stage were selected as experimental materials (weight 65±2kg) and randomly divided into 7 groups, 5 pigs in each group, and fed with the 7 groups of feed in Example 1 above, with free access to food and water, for a total of 45 days. 1. Weight gain effect test: Record the average initial weight before the experiment and the average final weight after the experiment, and calculate the weight growth rate (weight growth rate = (average final weight - average initial weight) / average initial weight). The specific results are shown in Table 4 and Figure 1 As shown: Table 4

[0032] 2. Immune function test: Before feeding at 8:00 am on the 45th day of the experiment, three pigs were randomly selected from each group. Blood was collected from the anterior vena cava using an anticoagulant PET tube. The blood was allowed to stand at 2°C and then centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 8 minutes. The serum was separated and stored at -20°C. The levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum were determined using ELISA kits. The specific results are shown in Table 5 below: Table 5

[0033] 3. Slaughter performance test: After the experiment, two pigs were randomly slaughtered from each group to measure the average live weight, carcass weight, slaughter rate, lean meat rate and fat meat rate. The specific results are shown in Table 6 below. Figure 2 As shown: Table 6

[0034] 4. Meat quality testing: The pork from the slaughtered pork was taken and the longissimus dorsi muscle was selected for meat quality testing. The water loss rate and shear force of each group of pork were tested to determine the tenderness of the pork (the lower the water loss rate and shear force, the more tender the pork). The specific results are shown in Table 7 below: Table 7

[0035] From the above tests, it can be seen that feeding feed 1 and feed 2 to pigs in the late fattening stage can effectively promote the weight gain of pigs and further improve the immune performance of pigs, while reducing the fat rate, increasing lean meat accumulation, and comprehensively improving meat quality.

[0036] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A late fattening pig feed, characterized in that: The late-stage fattening pig feed is prepared by adding 10%-15% of a nutritional supplement per kilogram of fattening feed, wherein the nutritional supplement is composed of the following substances in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of fermented pine and cypress branches, 4-6 parts of fermented lotus root, 2-4 parts of alfalfa powder, 0.3-0.6 parts of roxburghii extract, and 0.1-0.2 parts of caffeine; The pine and cypress branch fermentation material is obtained by enzymatically treating the pine and cypress branches with cellulase and then fermenting them with Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii. The lotus root fermented material is obtained by fermenting cooked lotus root with Lactobacillus plantarum; The roxburghii roxburghii extract is obtained by ultrasonically extracting the roxburghii ... with water and then freeze-drying it.

2. The late fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The fattening feed is composed of the following ingredients in weight percentage: 62%-66% corn, 22%-25% soybean meal, 8%-12% bran, and 4% premix.

3. The late fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific preparation method of the pine and cypress branch fermented material comprises the following steps: S1-1. Dry and crush the pine and cypress branches, add 3-5 times the volume of clean water and stir evenly, then add 0.1%-0.2% cellulase of the total weight of the pine and cypress branches, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, then kill the enzyme to obtain the pretreated material for use; S1-2. The pretreated material is inoculated with Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii, fermented for 28-34 hours, and then dried to obtain the pine and cypress branch fermented material.

4. The late fattening pig feed according to claim 3, characterized in that In step S1-2, the inoculation amount of Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the pretreated material, and the number of viable bacteria of Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii is 10 8 -10 10 pcs / g.

5. The late fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the lotus root fermented material comprises the following steps: S2-1. Grind the fresh lotus root into pulp, and steam it in a steamer at 110-120° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a cooked pulp for later use; S2-2. After cooling the cooked slurry, the moisture content is controlled to be 40-60%, and then inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum for fermentation for 12-18 hours, and then spray-dried to obtain a lotus root fermented material.

6. The late-fattening pig feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The amount of plant lactobacillus inoculated in step S2-2 is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the cooked slurry, and the number of viable plant lactobacillus is 10 8 -10 10 pcs / g.

7. The late fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the roxburghii extract comprises the following steps: S3-1. Add 2-3 times the volume of fresh roxburghii to water and grind into a pulp. Then, ultrasonically extract at 30-40°C for 15-20 minutes, squeeze and filter, and obtain the filtrate for later use. S3-2, centrifuging the filtrate to remove the precipitate, and freeze-drying the supernatant to obtain the roxburghii extract.

8. The late-fattening pig feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power of the ultrasonic treatment in step S3-1 is 400-600W.

9. A method for preparing a late-stage fattening pig feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Dissolve caffeine and roxburghii extract in water to obtain a mixture for later use; (2) Add the above mixture to the fermented pine and cypress branches, the fermented lotus root, and the alfalfa powder and mix evenly, controlling the water content to 30%-40%, and obtain the nutritional supplement for later use; (3) Add the nutritional supplement to the fattening feed before use and stir evenly to obtain the late fattening pig feed.

Images