Explosion-proof heat-insulation coal gas high-temperature electric dust remover and dust removal

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection equipment, and particularly relates to an anti-explosion heat-insulation coal gas high-temperature electric dust remover and a dust removal method. The invention also discloses a method. The device comprises a shell, an annular beam, a heat-insulating high-temperature-resistant explosion venting device, a heavy-load large-displacement sliding support, a dust hopper, a scraper dust conveying device, a dust collecting and conveying mechanism, a dust cleaning mechanism and a cathode and anode matching structure. The shell can bear explosion venting pressure impact of 0.1 MPa, and the shell is of an ultra-large shell structure with the maximum diameter phi of 15.8 m; the dry-process fine dust removal equipment for the low-rank coal pyrolysis gas adopts a high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating design, can be operated under the condition that the inlet flue gas temperature is less than or equal to 450 DEG C, and the outlet temperature drop is less than or equal to 50 DEG C. The dry-process fine dust removal equipment for the low-rank coal pyrolysis gas adopts a mechanical tracking floating type rapping and sound wave ash removal combined ash removal design. The device meets high-temperature heat insulation operation, tar precipitation and adhesion are avoided, it is guaranteed that the dust removal efficiency reaches 99% or above at the high temperature, and the problem that the dust content of low-rank coal pyrolysis gas and tar recycled from the pyrolysis gas is high is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection equipment, and in particular relates to an explosion-proof and heat-insulating coal gas high-temperature electric precipitator and a dust removal method. Background Art

[0002] Low-rank coal pyrolysis technology is widely used in the coal chemical industry. However, low-rank coal pyrolysis is generally plagued by problems such as poor tar quality, high dust content during the pyrolysis process, and difficulty separating oil and dust in the later stages. Currently, most low-rank coal pyrolysis systems utilize cyclone dust removal, granular layer dust removal, and metal filter dust removal. Due to its low dust removal efficiency, cyclone dust removal can only be used for coarse dust removal and cannot solve the oil dust problem, specifically the problem of poor tar quality. Granular layer dust removal has relatively high resistance, making it less effective for removing fine particles and also subject to numerous issues such as wear and tear caused by the movement of the granular layer. Metal filters require high investment and high dust removal efficiency, but they also have high resistance and are prone to sticking, which results in a loss of dust removal capacity and difficulty in regeneration. Therefore, there is an urgent need for equipment with high dust removal efficiency, low resistance, and long-term stable operation for dust removal of low-rank coal pyrolysis flue gas.

[0003] The main components of low-rank coal pyrolysis flue gas are H2, CO, CH4, etc., which are explosive gases. Tar will precipitate when the temperature drops, and the dust-containing tar has extremely strong adhesion.

[0004] The circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis technology for low-rank coal is a new type of pyrolysis technology. Since the materials in the pyrolysis furnace are in a fluidized state, the dust concentration carried in the flue gas at its outlet is even higher. This urgently requires the development of a fine dust removal device to effectively separate the dust in the pyrolysis flue gas to ensure that the subsequently recovered tar is clean and the recovered coal gas is clean and can be directly recycled as a chemical raw material. Therefore, the explosion-proof adiabatic coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator came into being.

[0005] The "Electrostatic Precipitator" standard GB / T 40514-2021 clearly states that the inlet flue gas temperature should not exceed 400°C, while the low-rank coal circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis process requires the inlet flue gas temperature of the fine dust removal device to meet the requirement of 450°C. In addition, the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator decreases under high-temperature operating conditions. In particular, during the dust removal process of high-temperature oil-containing pyrolysis gas, there will be problems such as shell deformation, insulator short circuit, and adhesive dust accumulation. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an explosion-proof and adiabatic coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator.

[0006] There are electric sparks inside the electrostatic precipitator, so its explosion-proof performance must be considered for gas dust removal.

[0007] To prevent tar from precipitating due to a significant drop in coal temperature, a thermally insulated design must be employed. Any area in contact with the flue gas must not remove heat from the flue gas. Otherwise, tar will precipitate and accumulate in cooler areas, affecting the performance of the electrostatic precipitator. In particular, the ring beam of the equipment housing must not be cooled, and the equipment must be able to withstand continuous high-temperature operation.

[0008] Experiments have shown that the dust removal efficiency of high-temperature electrostatic precipitators is low. In order to improve the dust removal efficiency in high-temperature environments and make it reach more than 99%, a new set of pole matching forms and special equipment structures must be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention provides an explosion-proof adiabatic coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator and a dust removal method, which aims to solve the problem of fine dust removal of low-rank coal circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis coal gas, thereby making the tar recovered from the low-rank coal circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis system clean and the recovered coal gas clean.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An explosion-proof thermal insulation coal gas high-temperature electric precipitator, comprising The shell has an inlet cone connected to one end and an outlet cone connected to the other end; the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, the inlet cone and the outlet cone are all provided with a thermal insulation layer; A plurality of annular beams are provided, and the plurality of annular beams are connected to the shell at intervals, and adjacent annular beams are connected; the upper portions of the annular beams are connected by guard plates; the inlet cone and the outlet cone are fixedly connected to the annular beams; and multiple series-connected closed electric fields are formed in the shell between adjacent annular beams from the inlet cone to the outlet cone; Insulation and high temperature resistant explosion relief device, the insulation and high temperature resistant explosion relief device is installed on the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe; Heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding bearings, multiple heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding bearings are provided, and multiple heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding bearings are used to support multiple annular beams; Ash hopper, which is provided with thermal insulation material; two ash hoppers are provided at the bottom of each enclosed electric field, and the upper part of the ash hopper is connected and fixed to the ring beam; There are two scraper ash conveying devices. The two scraper ash conveying devices are connected to the ash hopper and the bottom of the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe respectively. The inlet cone pipe and the scraper ash conveying device, and the outlet cone pipe and the scraper ash conveying device are connected by inclined pipes respectively. The dust collecting and conveying mechanism is connected to the bottom of the scraper dust conveying device; The dust cleaning mechanism is connected in a closed electric field; The anode and cathode matching structures and the cathode matching structure are fixedly connected to the annular beam.

[0011] The shell is a horizontal cylindrical structure made of Q345R steel plate or high-temperature resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe both adopt a conical tube structure; the inner insulation layer of the shell, the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe adopts a ceramic fiber folding module, and the outer insulation layer adopts a combination structure of aluminum silicate wool and color-coated plate; the anode and cathode matching structure includes an anode row, a cathode row, an anode beam, a cathode row frame and an electrode suspension frame. The anode row is fixed to the end face of the annular beam by connecting the two ends of the anode beam, and the cathode row is fixed to the cathode row suspension frame by the side cantilever frame on the cathode row frame. The cathode row suspension frame is suspended on the annular beam by a hanger.

[0012] The ring beams are provided with five identical structures; the width of the ring beams at both ends is greater than the width of the three middle ring beams; the ring beams include an outer ring plate, a blocking plate, an inner ring plate, a rib plate, a rib tube and a cone bottom; the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate are circular structures with different inner diameters, and the inner ring plate is arranged inside the outer ring plate; a plurality of rib plates are arranged between the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate; the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate are connected on both sides by a blocking plate; the inner ring plate, the outer ring plate and the blocking plates on both sides form an annular structure with a cavity in the middle, and the cavity is filled with insulation material; the blocking plate is connected with a rib tube for connecting adjacent ring beams; a cone bottom with a conical protrusion structure is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the inner ring plate; an internal walkway is provided at the horizontal diameter position of the inner ring plate.

[0013] The inclination angle of the side wall of the cone bottom is 50-60 degrees; the annular beam is made of Q345R steel plate or high-temperature resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the insulation material filled in the cone bottom is rock wool; the annular beam is also provided with an inner insulation layer and an outer insulation layer.

[0014] The thermal insulation and high temperature resistant explosion relief device includes an explosion relief device cover, a base, a guide rod, a spring fixing frame, a spring device and a sealing ring; the thermal insulation and high temperature resistant explosion relief device is connected to the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe through the base, the explosion relief device cover is pressed against the sealing ring through the spring device, the spring fixing frame is connected to the base through the guide rod, and the spring device is fixed on the spring fixing frame.

[0015] The ash hopper includes an outer plate, an inner plate, an ash hopper insulation material, a support fixing pin and a sliding support; the outer plate and the inner plate are respectively provided with multiple pieces; the multiple outer plates are fixedly connected to form a hollow, open top and bottom, larger top and smaller bottom quadrangular pyramid shape, fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring beam; the inner plate is arranged inside the outer plate, and the space between the outer plate and the inner plate is filled with ash hopper insulation material; the inner plate is divided into blocks from the upper part to the lower part of the outer plate, and the upper block presses the lower block in an overlapping arrangement, and the overlapping part is not fixed; the upper part of each inner plate is fixed to the outer plate by a support fixing pin On the side panels, the lower part is positioned and supported on the outer panel by sliding support; there is a gap between the left and right adjacent inner panels; the left and right adjacent inner panels are covered with multiple arc-shaped rounded corner panels, and the multiple arc-shaped rounded corner panels cover the gap between the left and right adjacent inner panels; the multiple arc-shaped rounded corner panels are overlapped and arranged from top to bottom with the upper panel pressing the lower panel, and the overlap is not fixed; the upper part of each arc-shaped rounded corner panel is fixed to the outer panel by a supporting fixing pin, and the lower part of each arc-shaped rounded corner panel is positioned and supported on the outer panel by sliding support; the ash hopper is connected to the rectangular beam and the annular beam.

[0016] The angle formed by the outer side plate and the horizontal plane is 70°≥α≥56°.

[0017] The dust collecting and conveying mechanism includes a buffer bin and a pneumatic ash conveying device; the top of the buffer bin is connected to the bottom of the scraper ash conveying device, and the bottom of the buffer bin is connected to the pneumatic ash conveying device; the buffer bin is a conical shape with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion. The cleaning mechanism includes an acoustic wave cleaning device and a mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism; the acoustic wave cleaning device is arranged in each enclosed electric field; each enclosed electric field is equipped with 6 acoustic wave cleaning devices, of which 3 are arranged in the arc position on the upper part of the annular beam, and the other 3 are arranged in the annular beam; the air source of the acoustic wave cleaning device uses superheated steam or heated nitrogen; the mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism is connected to the annular beam.

[0018] A dust removal method for an explosion-proof thermal insulation coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, using an explosion-proof thermal insulation coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, specifically comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preheat the explosion-proof and thermally insulated gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator; Step 2: High-temperature gas passes through the inlet cone; Step 3: A small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature hot gas in the inlet cone pipe falls into the scraper ash conveying device through the inclined pipe, and the remaining high-temperature hot gas carrying dust sequentially enters the multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe. The cleaning mechanisms in the multiple series-connected closed electric fields perform acoustic dust removal and vibration cleaning step by step, and the cleaned dust falls into the ash hopper below the closed electric field; Step 4: After passing through multiple series-connected closed electric fields, the high-temperature hot gas is discharged from the outlet cone and enters the next process; the dust settled in the outlet cone falls into the scraper ash conveying device through the inclined pipe connected below the outlet cone; Step 5: The dust that falls into the scraper dust conveying device in step 3 and step 4 is collected by the dust collecting and conveying mechanism, and the collected dust is discharged for utilization.

[0019] Beneficial effects: (1) The present invention adopts a plurality of series-connected enclosed electric field structures, which are connected by a shell ring beam. The plurality of series-connected enclosed electric fields remove dust from the incoming flue gas step by step, and the high-temperature hot coal gas after the charged dust removal is removed step by step, and finally achieves the required dust removal effect, that is, the dust removal efficiency is ≥99%.

[0020] (2) The present invention adopts a horizontal cylindrical shell structure. The main material of the shell is made of Q345R steel plate or 15CrMo steel plate that can withstand higher temperatures. Multiple series-connected closed electric fields are supported and connected by multiple annular beams. The annular beams are connected by guard plates, rectangular beams and ash hoppers. The inlet cone and outlet cone both adopt a conical tube structure. Insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief devices are installed on the inlet and outlet to ultimately ensure that the shell can withstand the explosion relief pressure impact of 0.1MPa. The maximum diameter of the shell can be 15.8 meters, and the flue gas flow rate is controlled within 0.7m / s.

[0021] (3) The shell and the inlet and outlet cones of the present invention all adopt an insulation design that combines internal insulation and external insulation, with internal insulation being the main method. The external insulation adopts aluminum silicate wool and color-coated plates. The internal insulation mainly adopts ceramic fiber folding modules, which are directly fixed to the surface in contact with the flue gas inside the shell through anchors. The folding modules are squeezed together to form a seamless whole, which can expand freely in the compression direction as the shell deforms thermally to ensure the insulation effect. The electrostatic precipitator is preheated when it is put into production, and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures is finally guaranteed to be ≤50°C when it is put into use, that is, the temperature drop of the explosion-proof insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator is ≤50°C, thereby avoiding the precipitation of tar in the pyrolysis gas and its adhesion to the equipment.

[0022] (4) The present invention adopts a dust collector ash hopper with a high-temperature resistant lining insulation structure. The high-temperature resistant lining adopts a ceramic fiber folding module to ensure the insulation effect. The ash sliding angle is ≥55°, so as to ensure that the ash falling into the ash hopper can freely fall into the explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature resistant scraper ash conveying device below. For an electrostatic precipitator with an extra-large diameter, such as an electrostatic precipitator with a diameter of Ф15.8 meters, the ash hopper is designed to be two rows, with two arranged in each electric field. Each ash hopper is connected to the ring beam and the rectangular beam between the ring beams. The ash hopper is designed to be an explosion-proof structure and is reinforced with steel sections around it to ensure that the pressure resistance can reach 0.1MPa.

[0023] (5) When the specification of the explosion-proof heat-insulating coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator of the present invention reaches 15.8 meters in diameter, the operating weight of the equipment of multiple series-connected closed electric fields is nearly 2,000 tons. It is necessary to adopt a heavy-load large-displacement sliding support for the electrostatic precipitator. Its heavy-load static friction coefficient under grease lubrication is 0.01 to 0.02, which is much lower than that of the sliding support using ordinary polytetrafluoroethylene material as the friction surface. It is suitable for heavy loads and can meet the large thermal displacement (displacement exceeding 100 mm) under the operation of the high-temperature electrostatic precipitator. (6) The present invention adopts an insulated high-temperature resistant explosion relief device, which can instantly open and release the explosion pressure when a gas explosion occurs in the electrostatic precipitator. The device is installed on the inlet and outlet cones of the electrostatic precipitator and can withstand the high temperature requirement of 450°C. It can play a sealing role and adopts an insulating design to ensure that the heat of the flue gas is not dissipated, thereby avoiding the precipitation and adhesion of tar.

[0024] (7) In the present invention, the anode and cathode rows are cleaned by a combination of a mechanical tracking floating vibration cleaning mechanism and an acoustic wave assisted cleaning mechanism. The mechanical tracking floating vibration mechanism can operate stably under high temperature and large thermal displacement conditions, and the acoustic wave assisted cleaning enhances the cleaning effect, ensuring that the anode and cathode rows have a cleaning effect when the mechanical vibration acceleration does not meet the requirements. The acoustic wave gas source uses superheated steam or heated nitrogen to avoid lowering the flue gas temperature and precipitating tar.

[0025] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is the front view of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a side view of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ring beam structure in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a radial cross-sectional view of the shell in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is an axial cross-sectional view of the housing in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a radial cross-sectional view of the inner component of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 It is an axial cross-sectional view of the inner component of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the acoustic wave cleaning method of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 9 It is an axial cross-sectional view of the acoustic wave cleaning method of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the ash hopper structure in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion-relief device in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 12 It is a partial structural diagram of the ash hopper in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 13 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cone bottom in the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1. Inlet cone; 2. Air flow distribution plate; 3. Annular beam; 3-1. Outer ring plate; 3-2. Blocking plate; 3-3. Inner ring plate; 3-4. Rib plate; 3-5. Rib tube; 3-6. Cone bottom; 3-6-1. First side wall of cone bottom; 3-6-2. Second side wall of cone bottom; 3-7. Insulation material; 4. Guard plate; 5. Insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device; 5-1. Explosion relief device cover; 5-2. Base; 5-3. Guide rod; 5-4. Spring fixing bracket; 5-5. Spring device; 5-6. Sealing ring; 6. Outlet cone; 7. Heavy-load large-displacement sliding Support; 8. Ash hopper; 8', inclined pipe; 9. Scraper ash conveying device; 10. Buffer bin; 11. Pneumatic ash conveying device; 12. Inner insulation layer; 13. Outer insulation layer; 14. Rectangular beam; 15. Steel pipe; 16. Anode row; 16', cathode row; 17. Anode crossbeam; 18. Sonic wave cleaning device; 19. Internal walkway; 20. First electric field; 21. Second electric field; 22. Third electric field; 23. Fourth electric field; 25. Outer plate; 26. Inner plate; 27. Ash hopper insulation material; 28. Support fixing pin; 29. ​​Sliding support; 30. Arc-shaped rounded plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1: according to Figures 1-12 The explosion-proof thermal insulation coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator shown includes: The shell has an inlet cone 1 connected to one end and an outlet cone 6 connected to the other end; the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6 are all provided with a thermal insulation layer; Annular beams 3, multiple annular beams 3 are provided, multiple annular beams 3 are connected to the shell at intervals, and adjacent annular beams 3 are connected; the upper portions of the annular beams 3 are connected by guard plates 4; the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6 are fixedly connected to the annular beams 3; multiple series-connected closed electric fields are formed in the shell between adjacent annular beams 3 from the inlet cone 1 to the outlet cone 6; The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion-relief device 5 is installed on the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6; A heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding support 7, wherein a plurality of heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding supports 7 are provided, and the plurality of heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding supports 7 are used to support the plurality of annular beams 3; Ash hopper 8, ash hopper 8 is provided with thermal insulation material; two ash hoppers 8 are provided at the bottom of each enclosed electric field; the upper part of the ash hopper 8 is connected and fixed to the ring beam 3; Scraper ash conveying device 9, two sets of scraper ash conveying device 9 are provided; the two sets of scraper ash conveying device 9 are respectively connected to the ash hopper 8 and the bottom of the inlet cone pipe 1 and the outlet cone pipe 6; the inlet cone pipe 1 and the scraper ash conveying device 9, and the outlet cone pipe 6 and the scraper ash conveying device 9 are respectively connected by inclined pipes 8'; The dust collecting and conveying mechanism is connected to the bottom of the scraper dust conveying device 9; The dust cleaning mechanism is connected in a closed electric field; The cathode and anode matching structures are fixedly connected to the annular beam 3 .

[0043] In actual use, the high-temperature coal gas with dust passes through the inlet cone 1; a small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature coal gas in the inlet cone 1 falls into the scraper dust conveying device 9 through the inclined pipe 8' connected below the inlet cone 1, and the other high-temperature coal gas carrying dust sequentially enters the multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6. In this embodiment, there are four electric fields, namely, the first electric field 20, the second electric field 21, the third electric field 22 and the fourth electric field 23. After passing through the four series-connected closed electric fields, the high-temperature coal gas with dust gradually enters the multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6. The cleaning mechanism performs acoustic and vibration dust removal in stages, with the removed dust falling into the ash hopper 8 below the enclosed electric field. After passing through the four series-connected enclosed electric fields, the high-temperature hot gas enters the outlet cone 6 and is discharged to the next stage. Dust settled in the outlet cone 6 falls through the inclined pipe 8' connected below the outlet cone 6 into the scraper ash conveyor 9. The dust that previously fell into the scraper ash conveyor 9 is collected by the dust collection and conveying mechanism and discharged for reuse. The number of series-connected enclosed electric fields can be set according to actual needs.

[0044] The present invention adopts multiple series-connected enclosed electric field structures, and the multiple series-connected enclosed electric fields are connected by a shell ring beam. The multiple series-connected enclosed electric fields remove dust from the incoming flue gas step by step, and the high-temperature hot coal gas after charged dust removal is removed step by step, ultimately achieving the required dust removal effect, that is, the dust removal efficiency is ≥99%.

[0045] When the specification of the explosion-proof insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator of the present invention reaches Ø15.8 meters, the operating weight of the equipment of multiple series-connected closed electric fields is nearly 2,000 tons, and heavy-load large-displacement sliding supports must be used. The heavy-load static friction coefficient of the sliding supports under grease lubrication is 0.01 to 0.02, which is much lower than that of sliding supports using ordinary polytetrafluoroethylene materials as friction surfaces. It is suitable for heavy loads and can meet the large thermal displacement under the operation of the high-temperature electrostatic precipitator.

[0046] The present invention adopts an insulated and high-temperature resistant explosion-relief device 5, which can be opened instantly to release the explosion pressure when a gas explosion occurs in the electrostatic precipitator. The device is installed on the inlet and outlet cones of the electrostatic precipitator, can withstand the high temperature requirement of 450°C, can play a sealing role, and adopts an insulating design to ensure that the heat of the flue gas is not dissipated, thereby avoiding tar precipitation and adhesion.

[0047] The ash hopper 8 in this embodiment uses a device with application number CN202410817948X, entitled "A Dust Collector Ash Hopper with a High-Temperature-Resistant Lined Insulation Structure." The ash hopper 8 and the inclined tube 8' are connected by welding. To ensure high-temperature resistance, the material is Q345R or higher-temperature-resistant 15CrMo steel. For thermal insulation, the interior is insulated with ceramic fiber modules, and the exterior is insulated with the same insulation used in electrostatic precipitator housings. The upper opening of the scraper conveyor 9 is welded to the ash hopper 8 and the inclined tube 8'.

[0048] The scraper conveyor 9 in this embodiment utilizes existing technology and consists of a conveyor housing, internal insulation, a sluice plate, chains, and a supporting structure. To ensure high-temperature resistance, it is constructed from Q345R steel or even higher-temperature-resistant 15CrMo steel. For thermal insulation, ceramic fiber modules are used internally, while the exterior is insulated with the same insulation used in electrostatic precipitator housings. The upper opening of the scraper conveyor 9 is welded to the ash hopper 8 and inclined pipe 8'.

[0049] The function of the scraper ash conveying device 9 is to collect all the dust that slides into the ash hopper 8 and then convey it to the dust collection and conveying mechanism.

[0050] In order to make the gas entering the inlet cone 1 more uniform, an air flow distribution plate 2 is further provided in the inlet cone 1 in this embodiment.

[0051] In some embodiments, the shell of the explosion-proof, insulated, high-temperature coal gas electrostatic precipitator is a horizontal cylindrical structure made of Q345R steel plate or higher-temperature-resistant 15CrMo steel plate. The inlet cone 1 and outlet cone 6 both utilize conical tube structures. The inner insulation layer of the shell, inlet cone 1, and outlet cone 6 utilizes a folded ceramic fiber module, while the outer insulation layer utilizes a combination of aluminum silicate wool and color-coated steel. The cathode and cathode electrode assembly structure includes an anode row 16, a cathode row 16′, an anode crossbeam 17, a cathode row frame, and an electrode suspension frame. The anode row 16 is fixed to the end face of the annular beam 3 via the ends of the anode crossbeam 17. The cathode row is fixed to the cathode row suspension frame via a side cantilever frame on the cathode row frame. The cathode row suspension frame is suspended from the annular beam 3 via a hanger. This embodiment utilizes a four-field structure, with the four fields supported and connected by five annular beams 3. The annular beams 3 are connected by a guard plate 4, a rectangular beam 14, and an ash hopper 8. Insulated, high-temperature explosion-proof devices 5 are installed at the inlet and outlet to ensure the shell can withstand a 0.1MPa explosion-proof pressure shock. The shell's maximum diameter can reach Ø15.8 meters, and the flue gas velocity is controlled within 0.7m / s. The shell, inlet cone 1, and outlet cone 6 all utilize a thermal insulation design that combines internal and external insulation, with internal insulation being the primary method. External insulation utilizes a combination of aluminum silicate wool and color-coated steel sheets. Internal insulation primarily utilizes folded ceramic fiber modules, which are directly fixed to the shell's flue gas contact surface via anchors. The folded ceramic fiber modules are squeezed together to form a seamless, integral unit that expands freely in the compression direction as the shell thermally deforms, ensuring effective insulation. When the explosion-proof, insulated, high-temperature gas electrostatic precipitator is required, it is preheated to ensure that the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures is ≤50°C. This ensures a temperature drop of ≤50°C, preventing tar from the pyrolysis gas from precipitating and adhering to the equipment.

[0052] In this embodiment, the anode row 16 is made of 20 to 24 anode plates, each of which is made of C220 plates and 2 mm thick 00Cr12. ， Use B8 wire, made of 6mm thick 316L, the same pole spacing is 400mm (different from the 350mm specified in the standard JB / T113212-2012), and the different pole spacing is 200mm. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In specific applications, the electrostatic precipitator housing in this embodiment is supported by a steel structure or concrete (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, 5 ring beams 3 are supported by 10 heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding supports 7. The 5 ring beams 3 are the skeleton of the electrostatic precipitator and play a bearing role. The upper part of the ring beam 3 is connected by a guard plate 4 and the lower part is connected by an ash hopper 8. The inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6 are welded to the ring beams 3 at both ends respectively, forming a closed 4-field electrostatic precipitator. Anode row 16 and cathode row 16 ， The fixed connection method adopts the existing technology, that is, the anode plate is hung on the anode beam, and the two ends of the anode beam are connected and fixed to the end surface of the ring beam 3. Similarly, the cathode row 16 ， It is fixed to the discharge electrode frame, and the frame is fixed to the discharge electrode suspension frame through cantilever frames on both sides. The discharge electrode suspension frame is suspended by a suspension rod, and the suspension rod is fixed and supported by the insulating support on the upper part of the ring beam 3.

[0053] In some embodiments, the annular beam 3 is provided with five identical structures; the width of the annular beams 3 at both ends is greater than the width of the three annular beams 3 in the middle; the annular beam 3 includes an outer ring plate 3-1, a blocking plate 3-2, an inner ring plate 3-3, a rib plate 3-4, a rib tube 3-5 and a cone bottom 3-6; the inner ring plate 3-3 and the outer ring plate 3-1 are annular structures with different inner diameters, and the inner ring plate 3-3 is arranged inside the outer ring plate 3-1; there is a gap between the inner ring plate 3-3 and the outer ring plate 3-1. Multiple ribs 3-4 are installed. The inner ring plate 3-3 and outer ring plate 3-1 are connected on both sides by plugging plates 3-2. The inner ring plate 3-3, outer ring plate 3-1, and the plugging plates 3-2 on both sides form an annular structure with a central cavity filled with insulation material 3-7. Rib tubes 3-5 are connected to the plugging plates 3-2, connecting adjacent annular beams 3. A conical bottom 3-6 with a conical protrusion is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the inner ring plate 3-3. An internal walkway 19 is provided at the horizontal diameter of the inner ring plate 3-3. This internal walkway 19 is used for arranging acoustic cleaning, vibration, and electric field maintenance. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the side wall of the cone bottom 3-6 is 50-60°; the annular beam 3 is made of Q345R steel plate; the insulation material filled in the cone bottom 3-6 is rock wool; the annular beam 3 is also provided with an inner insulation layer 12 and an outer insulation layer 13.

[0054] The sidewalls of the cone bottom 3-6 are inclined at an angle of 50-60°, meaning the angle between the first sidewall 3-6-1 and the second sidewall 3-6-2 is 50-60°. This ensures that the ash at the bottom of the annular beam 3 naturally falls into the ash hopper 8. The five annular beams 3 have a diameter of 15.8 meters, an exceptionally large size not found in existing technology. The inclination angle is the acute angle between the downward direction of the cone bottom 3-6 sidewalls and the horizontal plane.

[0055] In some embodiments, the heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion-relief device 5 includes an explosion-relief device cover 5-1, a base 5-2, a guide rod 5-3, a spring fixing frame 5-4, a spring device 5-5, and a sealing ring 5-6. The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion-relief device 5 is connected to the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6 via the base 5-2. The cover 5-1 is pressed against the sealing ring 5-6 via the spring device 5-5. The spring fixing frame 5-4 is connected to the base 5-2 via the guide rod 5-3, and the spring device 5-5 is fixed on the spring fixing frame 5-4. When an explosion occurs in the electrostatic precipitator, the explosion-relief device cover 5-1 pushes the spring device 5-5 to move along the guide rod 5-3. After the pressure is released, the explosion-relief device cover 5-1 automatically resets under the action of the spring force, thereby achieving the purpose of explosion relief. Figure 11 As shown. The explosion relief device has an internal insulation design, including a high-temperature resistant tungsten carbide ceramic insulation coating and a ceramic fiber module insulation; the tungsten carbide ceramic insulation coating is cured to the inner wall of the thermal insulation and high-temperature explosion relief device 5 in contact with the high-temperature flue gas, and then a layer of ceramic fiber module insulation is fixed on the tungsten carbide ceramic insulation coating, thus serving as a double insulation insurance. The thermal insulation and high-temperature explosion relief device 5 has an insulation and high-temperature resistance design. It does not use any cooling methods such as water cooling, can withstand high temperatures of 450°C, and adopts an insulation design with internal and external insulation. It adopts three seals to ensure airtightness and a leakage rate of 0%, avoiding the precipitation of tar due to the cooling of the pyrolysis flue gas after encountering this application.

[0056] Install multiple sets of heat-insulating and high-temperature explosion-proof devices 5 on the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6 respectively, which can immediately open and release the pressure when the gas inside the explosion-proof heat-insulating coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator explodes to protect the equipment. For the 15.8m explosion-proof heat-insulating coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, install 5 sets on the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6 respectively, for a total of 10 sets. Figure 1 and 2 .

[0057] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the ash hopper 8 includes an outer plate 25, an inner plate 26, an ash hopper insulation material 27, a support fixing pin 28 and a sliding support 29; the outer plate 25 and the inner plate 26 are respectively provided with multiple pieces; the multiple outer plates 25 are fixedly connected to form a hollow, upper and lower open, upper and lower larger and lower four-sided pyramid shape, which is fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring beam 24; the inner plate 26 is provided inside the outer plate 25, and the space between the outer plate 25 and the inner plate 26 is filled with the ash hopper insulation material 27; the inner plate 26 is divided into blocks from the upper part to the lower part of the outer plate 25, and the upper block presses the lower block in an overlapping arrangement, and the overlapping part is not fixed; the upper part of each inner plate 26 is fixed to the outer plate 25 by a support fixing pin 28, and the lower part is positioned and supported on the outer plate 25 by a sliding support 29; there is a gap between the left and right adjacent inner plates 26; the left and right adjacent inner plates 26 are covered with a plurality of arc-shaped rounded plates 30 (such as Figure 12 As shown); multiple arc-shaped rounded corner plates 30 are overlapped from top to bottom with the upper plate pressing the lower plate, and the overlap is not fixed; the upper part of each arc-shaped rounded corner plate 30 is mounted and fixed on the outer plate 25 by a support fixing pin 28, and the lower part of each arc-shaped rounded corner plate 30 is positioned and supported on the outer plate 25 by a sliding support 29; the angle formed by the outer plate 25 and the horizontal plane is 70°≥α≥56°; the ash hopper 8 is connected to the rectangular beam 14 and the annular beam 3.

[0058] Specifically, the ash hopper 8 is surrounded by four side surfaces, wherein the top ends of two opposite side surfaces are connected to the rectangular beam 14 , and the top ends of the other two opposite side surfaces are connected to the annular beam 3 .

[0059] The rectangular beam 14 supports the ash hopper 8 during explosion shock. The adjacent ash hoppers 8 are pulled by steel pipes 15. The steel pipes 15 are designed in three layers to strengthen the ash hoppers. Two ash hoppers 8 are set in each electric field, and a total of eight ash hoppers are set in the four electric fields. Inclined pipes 8' are set at the bottom of the inlet cone pipe 1 and the outlet cone pipe 6 to slide the ash, ensuring that the accumulated ash at the bottom of the inlet cone pipe 1 and the outlet cone pipe 6 can naturally fall onto the scraper ash conveying device 9.

[0060] For an extra-large diameter electrostatic precipitator (ESP), such as one with a diameter of 15.8 meters, ash hoppers 8 are designed in two rows, two per electric field. Each ash hopper 8 is connected to the ring beam 3 and the rectangular beam 14 between them. The ash hoppers 8 are designed as explosion-proof structures, reinforced with steel sections to ensure a pressure resistance of 0.1 MPa. Eight ash hoppers 8 are connected along the flue gas flow direction by a scraper conveyor 9, with every four ash hoppers 8 connected. Ash from the four ash hoppers 8 is conveyed to a buffer hopper 10 below the head of the scraper conveyor 9. A high-temperature pneumatic conveyor 11 is installed below the buffer hopper 10, transporting the ash to the combustion furnace for combustion and power generation. Nitrogen is used as the air source for the pneumatic conveyor 11.

[0061] In some embodiments, the dust collection and conveying mechanism includes a buffer bin 10 and a pneumatic dust conveying device 11; Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the top of the buffer bin 10 is connected to the bottom of the scraper ash conveying device 9, and the bottom of the buffer bin 10 is connected to the pneumatic ash conveying device 11; the buffer bin 10 is a conical shape with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part.

[0062] In specific applications, the dust collected by the four electric fields, namely the first electric field 20, the second electric field 21, the third electric field 22, and the fourth electric field 23, as well as the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6, is transported to the buffer bin 10 through two sets of scraper ash conveying devices 9. The scraper ash conveying device 9 also adopts an insulation design with internal insulation and external insulation, which is similar to the insulation design of the explosion-proof insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator shell. The buffer bin 10 is provided with a material level detection device and a weighing device. The material level detection and weighing devices simultaneously detect the amount of ash in the buffer bin 10, so that the collected ash is regularly discharged for utilization through the pneumatic ash conveying device 11 according to program control. However, a certain amount of ash is always guaranteed to be present in the buffer bin 10, which plays the role of ash sealing, preventing the pyrolysis gas from entering the subsequent ash discharge system, thereby solving the problem of ash conveying safety and preventing tar precipitation from clogging the ash conveying device.

[0063] The pneumatic ash conveying device 11 used in this embodiment is the same as the traditional pneumatic conveying device, adopts a down-drawing conveying pump, and is made of high-temperature resistant materials, including related valves made of stainless steel.

[0064] In some embodiments, the cleaning mechanism includes an acoustic wave cleaning device 18 and a mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism; the acoustic wave cleaning device 18 is arranged in each enclosed electric field; 6 acoustic wave cleaning devices 18 are arranged in each enclosed electric field, of which 3 are arranged in the arc position on the upper part of the annular beam 3, and the other 3 are arranged in the annular beam 3; the gas source 37 of the acoustic wave cleaning device 18 uses superheated steam or heated nitrogen; the mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism is connected to the internal walkway 19 of the annular beam 3.

[0065] In actual use, the explosion-proof thermal insulation gas high temperature electrostatic precipitator is provided with an anode row 16 and a cathode row 16 using the existing technology. ， (like Figure 6 As shown), the pole row between the anode row 16 and the anode row 16 is the cathode row 16 ， , which is a common component of electrostatic precipitator. ，The size is large. In order to ensure a better cleaning effect, a sonic cleaning device 18 is specially set up. Six sonic cleaning devices 18 are arranged in the air inlet direction of each electric field, of which three are arranged at the upper arc position of the ring beam 3 and three are arranged on the inner walkway 19 of the ring beam. There are a total of six in each electric field and a total of 24 in the four electric fields. The gas source 37 for generating sound waves uses superheated steam or heated nitrogen to avoid lowering the flue gas temperature and precipitating tar, which plays a role in auxiliary cleaning.

[0066] The acoustic wave cleaning device 18 in this embodiment is the same as the traditional acoustic wave cleaning device, except that the material is designed to be high temperature resistant. Since it is used in a gas electrostatic precipitator, the gas source needs to be inert gas or steam.

[0067] When the explosion-proof, insulated, coal gas, high-temperature electrostatic precipitator in this application is specified to be Ø15.8 meters, the operating weight of the equipment in the four electric fields is nearly 2,000 tons, necessitating the use of a heavy-duty, large-displacement sliding support for the electrostatic precipitator. The heavy-duty, large-displacement sliding support 7 in this application utilizes the prior art entitled "Heavy-duty, Large-displacement Sliding Support for Electrostatic Precipitator" with application number CN202411210687.1. The heavy-duty, large-displacement sliding support 7 for the electrostatic precipitator is grease-lubricated. Under grease lubrication, the heavy-load static friction coefficient is between 0.01 and 0.02, which is much lower than that of sliding supports using ordinary polytetrafluoroethylene as the friction surface. This makes it suitable for heavy loads and can accommodate the larger thermal displacements (over 100 mm) encountered during high-temperature electrostatic precipitator operation.

[0068] The mechanical tracking floating vibration mechanism in this embodiment adopts the existing technology, and its function is to clean dust in a mechanical way.

[0069] In some embodiments, in order to prevent local tar precipitation in the equipment and adhesion to the equipment, multiple steam cleaning pipelines are reserved in the explosion-proof insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator and arranged in advance at locations where coking may occur.

[0070] Example 2: A dust removal method for an explosion-proof thermal insulation coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, using an explosion-proof thermal insulation coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, specifically comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preheat the explosion-proof and thermally insulated gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator; Step 2: High-temperature gas passes through the inlet cone 1; Step 3: A small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature hot gas in the inlet cone pipe 1 falls into the scraper dust conveying device 9 through the inclined pipe 8'. The remaining high-temperature hot gas carrying dust sequentially enters the multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone pipe 1 and the outlet cone pipe 6. The cleaning mechanisms in the multiple series-connected closed electric fields perform acoustic dust removal and vibration cleaning step by step, and the cleaned dust falls into the ash hopper 8 below the closed electric field. Step 4: After passing through multiple series-connected closed electric fields, the high-temperature hot gas is discharged from the outlet cone 6 and enters the next step; the dust settled in the outlet cone 6 falls into the scraper ash conveying device 9 through the inclined pipe 8' connected below the outlet cone 6; Step 5: The dust that falls into the scraper dust conveying device 9 in step 3 and step 4 is collected by the dust collecting and conveying mechanism, and the collected dust is discharged for use.

[0071] In actual use, the shell, inlet cone 1, outlet cone 6 and ash hopper 8 of the present invention are all designed with a thermal insulation form combining internal insulation and external insulation (see Figure 4 and Figure 5 ), with internal insulation as the main feature, and a combination of aluminum silicate wool and color-coated plates for external insulation. The internal insulation mainly adopts ceramic fiber folding modules, which are directly fixed to the surface in contact with the flue gas inside the shell through anchors. The folding modules are squeezed into a seamless whole, which can expand freely in the compression direction as the shell deforms thermally to ensure the insulation effect. When it is necessary to start the explosion-proof insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, it is first necessary to preheat the electrostatic precipitator so that the difference between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature is ≤50°C when it is put into use, that is, the temperature drop of the explosion-proof insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator is ≤50°C, thereby avoiding the precipitation and adhesion of tar in the pyrolysis gas to the equipment. The inner insulation layer 12 used in this application is a ceramic fiber folding module with a thickness of about 200 to 250 mm, and the outer insulation layer 13 adopts aluminum silicate wool with a thickness of about 100 mm. The electrostatic precipitator housing houses dust-collecting anode rows 16. Anode beams 17 supporting the anode plates are fixed to the housing's annular beam plug plate 3-2. Therefore, the anode beams 17, which come into contact with the high-temperature flue gas, transfer heat to the annular beam plug plate 3-2, and then to the annular beam outer ring plate 3-1. Therefore, the entire electrostatic precipitator must be insulated to prevent any heat from being lost to the outside world along the steel structure. After undergoing step-by-step electrostatic dust removal, the high-temperature hot gas ultimately achieves a dust removal efficiency of ≥99%.

[0072] When the explosion-proof insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator in the present invention is used in a low-rank coal pyrolysis system, it must be preheated with steam or hot flue gas generated by a combustion power furnace, and the equipment must be preheated to above about 350°C to prevent the low-rank coal pyrolysis gas from entering the equipment and encountering a lower temperature, thereby causing tar to precipitate and adhere to the equipment, thereby destroying the equipment's function.

[0073] In the absence of conflicts, those skilled in the art may combine the relevant technical features in the above examples according to actual circumstances to achieve corresponding technical effects. Specific descriptions of various combinations are omitted here.

[0074] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0075] In addition, the terms "first," "second," and so on, used in this disclosure are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.

[0076] The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof and heat-insulating coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, characterized by: include A shell, one end of the shell is connected to an inlet cone pipe (1), and the other end is connected to an outlet cone pipe (6); the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, the inlet cone pipe (1) and the outlet cone pipe (6) are all provided with a thermal insulation layer; An annular beam (3), wherein a plurality of annular beams (3) are provided, wherein the plurality of annular beams (3) are connected to the shell at intervals, and adjacent annular beams (3) are connected; the upper portions of the annular beams (3) are connected via a guard plate (4); the inlet cone (1) and the outlet cone (6) are fixedly connected to the annular beam (3); and a plurality of series-connected closed electric fields are formed in the shell between adjacent annular beams (3) from the inlet cone (1) to the outlet cone (6); A heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device (5), the heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device (5) being installed on the inlet cone (1) and the outlet cone (6); A heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding support (7), wherein a plurality of heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding supports (7) are provided, and the plurality of heavy-loaded large-displacement sliding supports (7) are used to support a plurality of annular beams (3); Ash hopper (8), the ash hopper (8) is provided with a heat-insulating material; two ash hoppers (8) are provided at the bottom of each enclosed electric field, and the upper part of the ash hopper (8) is connected and fixed to the ring beam (3); A scraper ash conveying device (9) is provided with two sets of scraper ash conveying devices (9); the two sets of scraper ash conveying devices (9) are respectively connected to the ash hopper (8) and the bottom of the inlet cone pipe (1) and the outlet cone pipe (6); the inlet cone pipe (1) and the scraper ash conveying device (9) are connected, as are the outlet cone pipe (6) and the scraper ash conveying device (9) via inclined pipes (8'); A dust collecting and conveying mechanism, the dust collecting and conveying mechanism being connected to the bottom of the scraper dust conveying device (9); The dust cleaning mechanism is connected in a closed electric field; The anode and cathode matching structure is fixedly connected to the annular beam (3).

2. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is a horizontal cylindrical structure made of Q345R steel plate or high temperature resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the inlet cone (1) and the outlet cone (6) are both conical tube structures; the inner insulation layer of the shell, the inlet cone (1) and the outlet cone (6) is a ceramic fiber folding module, and the outer insulation layer is a combination structure of aluminum silicate wool and color-coated plate; the anode and cathode matching structure includes an anode row (16), a cathode row (16 ， ), anode crossbeam (17), cathode row frame and electrode suspension frame, the anode row (16) is connected and fixed to the end surface of the ring beam (3) through the two ends of the anode crossbeam (17), the cathode row (16 ， ) is fixed to the cathode row suspension frame through the side cantilever frame on the cathode row frame, and the cathode row suspension frame is suspended on the ring beam (3) through the suspension rod.

3. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular beam (3) is provided with five identical structures; the width of the annular beams (3) at both ends is greater than the width of the three annular beams (3) in the middle; the annular beam (3) comprises an outer ring plate (3-1), a blocking plate (3-2), an inner ring plate (3-3), a rib plate (3-4), a rib tube (3-5) and a cone bottom (3-6); the inner ring plate (3-3) and the outer ring plate (3-1) are annular structures with different inner diameters, and the inner ring plate (3-3) is provided inside the outer ring plate (3-1); a plurality of ribs are provided between the inner ring plate (3-3) and the outer ring plate (3-1). Plate (3-4); the inner ring plate (3-3) and the outer ring plate (3-1) are connected on both sides through blocking plates (3-2); the inner ring plate (3-3), the outer ring plate (3-1) and the blocking plates (3-2) on both sides form a ring structure with a cavity in the middle, and the cavity is filled with insulation material (3-7); the blocking plate (3-2) is connected to a rib tube (3-5) for connecting adjacent annular beams (3); a cone bottom (3-6) with a cone-shaped protrusion structure is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the inner ring plate (3-3); an internal walkway (19) is provided at a horizontal diameter position of the inner ring plate (3-3).

4. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the side wall of the cone bottom (3-6) is 50-60°; the annular beam (3) is made of Q345R steel plate or high-temperature-resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the thermal insulation material filled in the cone bottom (3-6) is rock wool; and the annular beam (3) is further provided with an inner thermal insulation layer (12) and an outer thermal insulation layer (13).

5. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating, high-temperature-resistant explosion-relief device (5) comprises an explosion-relief device cover (5-1), a base (5-2), a guide rod (5-3), a spring fixing frame (5-4), a spring device (5-5) and a sealing ring (5-6); the heat-insulating, high-temperature-resistant explosion-relief device (5) is connected to the inlet cone (1) and the outlet cone (6) via the base (5-2); the explosion-relief device cover (5-1) is pressed against the sealing ring (5-6) via the spring device (5-5); the spring fixing frame (5-4) is connected to the base (5-2) via the guide rod (5-3); and the spring device (5-5) is fixed to the spring fixing frame (5-4).

6. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ash hopper (8) includes an outer plate (25), an inner plate (26), an ash hopper insulation material (27), a support fixing pin (28) and a sliding support (29); the outer plate (25) and the inner plate (26) are respectively provided with a plurality of pieces; the plurality of outer plates (25) are fixedly connected to form a hollow, upper and lower open, upper and lower larger and lower four-sided pyramid shape, which is fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring beam (24); the inner plate (26) is provided inside the outer plate (25), and the space between the outer plate (25) and the inner plate (26) is filled with an ash hopper insulation material (27); the inner plate (26) is divided into several pieces from the upper part to the lower part of the outer plate (25), and the upper piece presses the lower piece in an overlapping arrangement, and the overlapping part is not fixed; the upper part of each inner plate (26) is fixed by the support fixing pin (28) On the outer plate (25), the lower part is positioned and supported on the outer plate (25) by a sliding support (29); there is a gap between the inner plates (26) adjacent to the left and right; the inner plates (26) adjacent to the left and right are covered with a plurality of arc-shaped rounded corner plates (30), and the plurality of arc-shaped rounded corner plates (30) cover the gap between the inner plates (26) adjacent to the left and right; the plurality of arc-shaped rounded corner plates (30) are arranged from top to bottom with the upper plate pressing the lower plate, and the overlap is not fixed; the upper part of each arc-shaped rounded corner plate (30) is fixed to the outer plate (25) by a supporting fixing pin (28), and the lower part of each arc-shaped rounded corner plate (30) is positioned and supported on the outer plate (25) by a sliding support (29); the ash hopper (8) is connected to the rectangular beam (14) and the annular beam (3).

7. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The angle formed between the outer plate (25) and the horizontal plane is 70°≥α≥56°.

8. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collection and conveying mechanism comprises a buffer bin (10) and a pneumatic ash conveying device (11); the top of the buffer bin (10) is connected to the bottom of the scraper ash conveying device (9), and the bottom of the buffer bin (10) is connected to the pneumatic ash conveying device (11); the buffer bin (10) is conical in shape, being larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

9. The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature electric precipitator for coal gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism includes an acoustic wave cleaning device (18) and a mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism; the acoustic wave cleaning device (18) is arranged in each closed electric field; six acoustic wave cleaning devices (18) are arranged in each closed electric field, of which three are arranged at the arc position on the upper part of the annular beam (3), and the other three are arranged inside the annular beam (3); the gas source (37) of the acoustic wave cleaning device (18) adopts superheated steam or heated nitrogen; the mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism is connected to the annular beam (3).

10. A dust removal method for an explosion-proof, thermally insulated coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, characterized by: The explosion-proof, heat-insulating, coal gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, and the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: High-temperature gas passes through the inlet cone (1); Step 2: A small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature hot coal gas in the inlet cone pipe (1) falls into the scraper dust conveying device (9) through the inclined pipe (8'), and the high-temperature hot coal gas carrying the dust sequentially enters the multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone pipe (1) and the outlet cone pipe (6), and is subjected to acoustic dust removal and vibration cleaning in stages by the cleaning mechanisms in the multiple series-connected closed electric fields, and the cleaned dust falls into the ash hopper (8) below the closed electric field; Step 3: After passing through multiple series-connected closed electric fields, the high-temperature hot gas is discharged from the outlet cone (6) and enters the next procedure; the dust precipitated in the outlet cone (6) falls into the scraper ash conveying device (9) through the inclined pipe (8') connected below the outlet cone (6); Step 4: The dust that falls into the scraper dust conveying device (9) in step 2 and step 3 enters the dust collecting and conveying mechanism, is collected by the dust collecting and conveying mechanism, and the collected dust is discharged for use.

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