Vehicle with refrigeration / ice maker unit

Abstract

A vehicle with a refrigeration / ice making unit, comprising an engine and a refrigeration / ice making unit. The refrigeration / ice making unit comprises a generator, a gas-liquid separator, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, a throttling element, an evaporator, a mixer, an absorber and a solution pump. The mixer comprises a mixing chamber, a first liquid distributor in communication with the gas-liquid separator, a third liquid distributor in communication with the evaporator, a sixth liquid outlet pipe in communication with the mixing chamber, and the first liquid distributor and the third liquid distributor are arranged to cross each other in the mixing chamber. The present application mixes the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture sufficiently by arranging the mixer upstream of the absorber, to form a mixture with appropriate concentration. On the one hand, the absorption pressure of the absorber is reduced, and on the other hand, the second refrigerant solution at high temperature and the third refrigerant mixture at low temperature exchange heat sufficiently, which can reduce the heating load of the generator; overall, the refrigeration efficiency and the operation stability of the unit are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicles, in particular to a vehicle with a refrigeration / ice-making unit. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fresh agricultural products, processed food, cold storage medicines and medical devices, etc. all need cold storage vehicles, refrigerated vehicles for low-temperature transportation. Even some fresh agricultural products, aquatic products, etc. need to be frozen with ice blocks for the first time.

[0003] The existing cold storage vehicles, refrigerated vehicles, fishing boats, most of which are through the traditional compression refrigeration unit for refrigeration or ice making, also a part of the combination of vehicle engine waste heat recycling, through the absorption refrigeration unit recycling engine waste heat, and convert into cold for refrigeration or ice making, to realize the secondary use of waste heat.

[0004] However, the existing absorption refrigeration unit has low energy conversion efficiency and limited refrigeration efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved vehicle with a refrigeration / ice-making unit to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a vehicle with a refrigeration / ice-making unit, which optimizes the refrigeration / ice-making unit to improve the efficiency of waste heat refrigeration.

[0007] To achieve one of the above-mentioned purposes, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A vehicle with a refrigeration / ice-making unit, comprising an engine and a refrigeration / ice-making unit, the engine comprising an exhaust pipe, the refrigeration / ice-making unit comprising: a generator comprising a heat exchange cavity in communication with the exhaust pipe, a heat exchange pipe passing through the heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange pipe having a first inlet for a first refrigerant solution to enter and a first outlet for refrigerant vapor to exit; a gas-liquid separator comprising a second liquid inlet pipe connected with the first outlet, a second gas outlet for gaseous refrigerant to exit, and a second liquid outlet pipe for a second refrigerant solution to exit; a condenser connected with the second gas outlet to condense the gaseous refrigerant into liquid refrigerant; a liquid storage tank connected with the condenser to store the liquid refrigerant; a throttling element connected with the liquid storage tank to control throttling of the liquid refrigerant; an evaporator comprising a fifth inlet connected with the throttling element and a fifth outlet for a third refrigerant mixture to exit; a mixer comprising a mixing cavity, a first liquid distributor connected with the second liquid outlet pipe, a third liquid distributor connected with the fifth outlet, and a sixth liquid outlet pipe in communication with the mixing cavity for mixed liquid to exit, the first liquid distributor and the third liquid distributor being arranged to cross each other in the mixing cavity; an absorber connected with the sixth liquid outlet pipe to cool the mixed liquid; and a solution pump connected between the absorber and the first inlet; wherein the concentration of the first refrigerant solution is greater than the concentration of the second refrigerant solution, and the concentration of the first refrigerant solution is less than the concentration of the third refrigerant mixture.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first liquid distributor comprises a first main pipe in communication with the second liquid outlet pipe, and a plurality of first branch pipes in communication with the first main pipe, the first branch pipes being provided with a plurality of first liquid distribution holes, and the first branch pipes being located at the bottom of the mixing cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first branch pipes have a first region and a second region with the same area, the second region being located on the side of the first region away from the first main pipe, the total area of the first liquid distribution holes in the first region being S1, the total area of the first liquid distribution holes in the second region being S2, S1 being less than S2; wherein the diameters of all the first liquid distribution holes are consistent, the arrangement density of the first liquid distribution holes in the first region being p1, and the arrangement density of the first liquid distribution holes in the second region being p2, p1 being less than p2; and / or, the arrangement densities of the first liquid distribution holes in the first region and the second region are the same, the diameters of the first liquid distribution holes in the first region being d1, and the diameters of the first liquid distribution holes in the second region being d2, d1 being less than d2.

[0011] In some embodiments, the diameters of the first liquid distribution holes are 0.8mm-1.5mm, and / or the hole spacing of the first liquid distribution holes on the first branch pipes is 5mm-10mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, a plurality of groups of first liquid distribution holes are arranged along the axial direction of the first branch pipes, each group of the first liquid distribution holes comprising a plurality of first liquid distribution holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first branch pipes; wherein in each group of the first liquid distribution holes, the arc between two adjacent first liquid distribution holes in the circumferential direction of the first branch pipes is π / 4; and / or, the first branch pipes extend in the horizontal direction, the angle between the central axis of the first liquid distribution hole at the bottom of the first branch pipes and the central axis of the first branch pipes is 90°, the angle between the central axis of the other first liquid distribution holes and the central axis of the first branch pipes is less than 90°, and the first liquid distribution holes extend from inside to outside and from top to bottom along the radial direction of the first branch pipes.

[0013] In some embodiments, the third liquid distribution device comprises a third main pipe in communication with the second liquid discharge pipe, a plurality of third branch pipes in communication with the third main pipe, and a plurality of third liquid distribution holes arranged on the third branch pipes; the third branch pipes are uniformly distributed in the mixing chamber.

[0014] In some embodiments, a plurality of groups of third liquid distribution holes are arranged along the axial direction of the third branch pipes, each group of the third liquid distribution holes comprising a plurality of third liquid distribution holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes; wherein in each group of the third liquid distribution holes, the arc between two adjacent third liquid distribution holes in the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes is π / 2; and / or, along the axial direction of the third branch pipes, two adjacent groups of the third liquid distribution holes are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction, and the staggered arc is π / 4.

[0015] In some embodiments, a plurality of groups of third liquid distribution holes are arranged along the axial direction of the third branch pipes, each group of the third liquid distribution holes comprising a plurality of third liquid distribution holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes; wherein along the axial direction of the third main pipe, the third liquid distribution holes on adjacent third branch pipes are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes, and the staggered arc is π / 4; and / or, along the axial direction of the third main pipe, adjacent third branch pipes are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the third main pipe, and the staggered arc is π / 4.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first liquid distributor comprises a first main pipe in communication with the second liquid discharge pipe, a plurality of first branch pipes in communication with the first main pipe, and a plurality of first liquid distribution holes provided on the first branch pipes; the third liquid distributor comprises a third main pipe in communication with the second liquid discharge pipe, a plurality of third branch pipes in communication with the third main pipe, and a plurality of third liquid distribution holes provided on the third branch pipes, the third branch pipes being arranged along the axial direction of the first main pipe; the sixth liquid outlet pipe is located at the middle of the height direction of the mixing chamber, the first branch pipes and the third branch pipes extend along the horizontal direction, the first branch pipes are lower than the sixth liquid outlet pipe, and part of the third branch pipes are located below the first branch pipes, and the other part of the third branch pipes are located above the first branch pipes.

[0017] In some embodiments, the mixer is located at the bottom of the refrigeration / ice-making unit.

[0018] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid separator further comprises a separation chamber, a filler partition located in the separation chamber, a preheating pipe located above the filler partition, and an anti-inrush partition located below the filler partition; the preheating pipe is connected between the solution pump and the generator, the second liquid inlet pipe is in communication with the separation chamber between the filler partition and the anti-inrush partition, the second liquid discharge pipe is in communication with the separation chamber below the anti-inrush partition, and the second gas outlet is in communication with the separation chamber above the preheating pipe.

[0019] In some embodiments, the vehicle is a car, the car comprises a driver cabin, a cargo cabin and / or a passenger cabin, the refrigeration / ice-making unit is a refrigeration unit, and the evaporator provides cold energy for the driver cabin, the cargo cabin and / or the passenger cabin; or, the vehicle is a ship, the ship comprises a driver cabin, a cargo cabin and / or a passenger cabin, the refrigeration / ice-making unit is a refrigeration unit, and the evaporator provides cold energy for the driver cabin, the cargo cabin and / or the passenger cabin; or, the vehicle is a ship, the refrigeration / ice-making unit is an ice-making unit, and the ice-making unit further comprises a water supply assembly for supplying water to the evaporator.

[0020] The application has the following beneficial effects: the vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit of the application collects the engine exhaust gas by the generator, heats the first refrigerant solution by the waste heat of the exhaust gas to obtain the refrigerant vapor with high temperature and high pressure. The refrigerant vapor is separated by the gas-liquid separator to obtain the gaseous refrigerant with high concentration and the second refrigerant solution. The gaseous refrigerant is condensed to form the liquid refrigerant, which is stored in the storage tank, then enters the evaporator after being depressurized by the throttling element, absorbs heat to provide cooling or ice-making. The refrigerant after evaporation is the third refrigerant mixture with low temperature and high concentration, which enters the mixer together with the second refrigerant solution with high temperature and low concentration to be fully mixed, then enters the absorber to be cooled and absorbed, and finally returns to the generator under the action of the solution pump. The refrigerant flows in a cycle as above to realize the effect of refrigeration by the waste heat of the exhaust gas.

[0021] The application sets the mixer upstream of the absorber, fully mixes the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture by the cooperation of the first liquid distributor and the third liquid distributor to form the mixture with appropriate concentration. On the one hand, the absorption pressure of the absorber is reduced, and on the other hand, the second refrigerant solution with high temperature and the third refrigerant mixture with low temperature are fully heat-exchanged to reduce the heating load of the generator; the overall refrigeration efficiency and the operation stability of the unit are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit in an embodiment of the application.

[0023] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the refrigeration / ice-making unit in an embodiment of the application.

[0024] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the gas-liquid separator in an embodiment of the application.

[0025] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the mixer in an embodiment of the application.

[0026] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the first liquid distributor in an embodiment of the application. Figure 4 FIG. 6 is a sectional view along the direction of A-A.

[0027] Figure 6 FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the second liquid distributor in an embodiment of the application. Figure 4 FIG. 8 is a sectional view along the direction of B-B.

[0028] Figure 7 FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the first liquid distributor in an embodiment of the application.

[0029] Figure 8 FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the first branch pipe in an embodiment of the application.

[0030] Figure 9 A schematic view of a third liquid distribution pipe in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 10 A schematic view of a cross section of the third liquid distribution pipe in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 11 A schematic view of a mixer in another embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 A schematic view of a perspective view of the mixer.

[0033] Figure 12 A schematic view of a mixer in another embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Wherein, 100-vehicle with refrigeration / ice making unit, 200-engine, 201-exhaust pipe, 202-electric three-way valve, 300-refrigeration / ice making unit, 1-generator, 2-gas-liquid separator, 21-separation chamber, 22-packing partition, 23-preheating pipe, 24-anti-inrush partition, 2a-second liquid inlet pipe, 2b-second gas outlet, 2c-second liquid outlet pipe, 3-condenser, 4-liquid storage tank, 5-evaporator, 6-mixer, 60-housing 60, 61-mixing chamber, 62-first liquid distributor, 621-first main pipe, 622-first branch pipe, 623-first liquid distribution hole, 63-third liquid distributor, 631-third main pipe, 632-third branch pipe, 633-third liquid distribution hole, 634-seal head, 64-sixth liquid outlet pipe, 7-absorber, 8-solution pump, 9-subcooler, 1a-second liquid storage tank, 1b-solution heat exchanger, 1c-process valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments illustrated in the attached drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present application, and the structural, method, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are included in the scope of the present application.

[0036] In each of the drawings of the present application, some dimensions of structures or parts are exaggerated relative to other structures or parts for the purpose of illustration, and thus, are used only to illustrate the basic structure of the subject matter of the present application.

[0037] The first, second, third, and the like descriptions of the present application are merely for distinguishing features, and do not have the limitation of quantity and order. For the convenience of description, the use state of the vehicle with the refrigeration / ice making unit is taken as a reference to define the horizontal, upper (top), lower (bottom), and the like directions, and the up-down direction is the height direction.

[0038] As Figure 1As shown, the vehicle 100 with the refrigeration / ice making unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present application comprises an engine 200 and a refrigeration / ice making unit 300.

[0039] The engine 200 comprises an exhaust pipe 201 for discharging exhaust gas. In some embodiments, the exhaust pipe 201 is connected downstream of an exhaust manifold, and a three-way catalyst and a muffler are connected to the exhaust pipe 201 for treating the exhaust gas.

[0040] The refrigeration / ice making unit 300 comprises a generator 1, a gas-liquid separator 2, a condenser 3, a liquid storage tank 4, a throttling element (not shown), an evaporator 5, a mixer 6, an absorber 7 and a solution pump 8. The generator 1 comprises a heat exchange cavity in communication with the exhaust pipe 201, and a heat exchange tube arranged in the heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange tube having a first inlet for a first refrigerant solution to enter and a first outlet for refrigerant vapor to exit. The gas-liquid separator 2 comprises a second liquid inlet pipe 2a connected to the first outlet, a second gas outlet 2b for discharging gaseous refrigerant, and a second liquid outlet pipe 2c for discharging a second refrigerant solution. The condenser 3 is connected to the second gas outlet 2b to condense the gaseous refrigerant into liquid refrigerant. The liquid storage tank 4 is connected to the condenser 3 to store the liquid refrigerant. The throttling element is connected to the liquid storage tank 4 to control the throttling of the liquid refrigerant. The evaporator 5 comprises a fifth inlet connected to the throttling element, and a fifth outlet for discharging a third refrigerant mixture. The mixer 6 comprises a mixing cavity 61, a first liquid distributor 62 connected to the second liquid outlet pipe 2c, a third liquid distributor 63 connected to the fifth outlet, a sixth liquid outlet pipe 64 in communication with the mixing cavity 61 for discharging a mixed liquid, and the first liquid distributor 62 and the third liquid distributor 63 are arranged to cross each other in the mixing cavity 61. The absorber 7 is connected to the sixth liquid outlet pipe to cool the mixed liquid. The solution pump 8 is connected between the seventh outlet and the first inlet to drive the circulation of the refrigerant solution in the refrigeration / ice making unit 300.

[0041] The concentration of the first refrigerant solution is greater than that of the second refrigerant solution, and the concentration of the first refrigerant solution is less than that of the third refrigerant mixture. The concentration refers to the mass proportion of the refrigerant in the solution. The second refrigerant solution has the smallest refrigerant content, which can be referred to as a dilute solution. The third refrigerant mixture comprises gaseous refrigerant and unvaporized refrigerant, which is a high-purity refrigerant, and can be referred to as a concentrated solution. The concentration of the first refrigerant solution is between the concentrated solution and the dilute solution, and is suitable for absorbing heat to generate refrigerant vapor in the generator 1.

[0042] The refrigerant of the present application can be any refrigerant suitable for an absorption refrigeration unit, and the refrigerant solution can be, but is not limited to, ammonia-water (ammonia as the refrigerant and water as the absorbent) or lithium bromide-water (water as the refrigerant and lithium bromide as the absorbent). Taking the ammonia-water as an example, the second refrigerant solution is a dilute ammonia-water solution, the third refrigerant mixture is a concentrated ammonia-water solution, and the first refrigerant solution is an ammonia-water solution with an intermediate concentration. The vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit of the present application will be described in detail below with the ammonia-water as an example.

[0043] The refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 of the present application collects the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 200 through the generator 1, and uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas to heat the first refrigerant solution to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant vapor is separated through the gas-liquid separator 2 to obtain high-concentration gaseous refrigerant and the second refrigerant solution. The ammonia vapor is condensed to form liquid refrigerant into the liquid tank 4, and enters the evaporator 5 after throttling and pressure reduction, absorbs heat to cool the cargo compartment / cargo or make ice. The evaporated refrigerant is a low-temperature and high-concentration third refrigerant mixture, which enters the mixer 6 together with the second refrigerant solution for sufficient mixing, and then enters the absorber 7 for cooling and absorption, and then returns to the generator 1 through the solution pump 8. The refrigerant flows in a cycle as described above to achieve the effect of refrigeration using the waste heat of the exhaust gas.

[0044] The present application sets the mixer 6 upstream of the absorber 7, and the first liquid distributor 62 and the third liquid distributor 63 are arranged in cross to mix the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture sufficiently to form the first refrigerant solution with a suitable concentration. On the one hand, the absorption pressure of the absorber 7 is reduced, and on the other hand, the high-temperature second refrigerant solution and the low-temperature third refrigerant mixture are fully heat exchanged to reduce the heating load of the generator 1.

[0045] Specifically, the generator 1 is a key component for heat exchange between the exhaust gas of the engine 200 and the first refrigerant solution. The first refrigerant solution flows in the heat exchange pipe. The generator 1 further comprises an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet communicating with the heat exchange cavity, the exhaust gas inlet is connected with the exhaust pipe 201, and the exhaust gas of the vehicle or ship enters the heat exchange cavity from the exhaust gas inlet, and is heat exchanged with the first refrigerant solution flowing in the heat exchange pipe, and then is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet.

[0046] The generator 1 of the present application can be connected at any location of the exhaust pipe 201. The generator 1 can be connected to the upstream port of the exhaust pipe 201, or it can be understood that the generator 1 is connected between the exhaust manifold of the engine 200 and the exhaust pipe 201, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is as high as 800-900°C. The generator can also be connected to the downstream port of the exhaust pipe 201, which is convenient for connection operation. The generator 1 is connected at any location, and high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor can be formed. In addition to gaseous refrigerant, the refrigerant vapor also includes liquid droplets that have not been vaporized.

[0047] In the embodiment in which the three-way catalyst and the muffler are connected to the exhaust pipe 201, the generator 1 can be connected between the three-way catalyst and the muffler, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is as high as 600-700°C. The generator 1 can also be connected downstream of the muffler, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is between 100-400°C. The first refrigerant solution can also be heated to form high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor, and the accumulation of carbon in the generator 1 can also be reduced.

[0048] In some embodiments, an electrically operated three-way valve 202 is connected between the generator 1 and the exhaust pipe 201, which is used to control the exhaust gas entering the generator 1 or directly discharged along the original exhaust pipe 201. Specifically, the electrically operated three-way valve 202 controls the amount of exhaust gas entering the generator 1 according to the demand for refrigeration capacity.

[0049] The main task of the gas-liquid separator 2 is to ensure that pure refrigerant vapor (such as ammonia) enters the condenser 3, and that unvaporized refrigerant liquid (which may carry a small amount of impurities such as water) is efficiently separated. If refrigerant liquid enters the condenser 3 with refrigerant vapor, it will cause serious liquid impact and cavitation damage to the solution pump 8, which is particularly serious in ammonia-water units.

[0050] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid separator 2 also includes a separation chamber 21, a filler partition 22 located in the separation chamber 21, a preheating pipe 23 located above the filler partition 22, and an anti-surge baffle 24 located below the filler partition. The second liquid inlet pipe 2a is connected to the separation chamber 21 between the filler partition 22 and the anti-surge baffle 24. The second liquid outlet pipe 2c is connected to the separation chamber 21 below the anti-surge baffle 24. The second gas outlet 2b is connected to the separation chamber 21 above the preheating pipe 23.

[0051] The present application optimizes the performance of the gas-liquid separator 2, ensuring that gaseous refrigerant and refrigerant liquid (and possibly a small amount of unvaporized liquid droplets) are effectively separated, preventing liquid from being carried into the downstream pipeline, causing unnecessary flow resistance or affecting the performance of the throttling control valve.

[0052] The present application uses gravity settling and inertial impaction to achieve gas-liquid separation. After the refrigerant vapor (such as ammonia vapor) enters the separation chamber 21 through the second liquid inlet pipe 2a, the flow rate suddenly decreases, and the gas-liquid is preliminarily separated. The gas rises upward, and the larger liquid droplets settle to the bottom of the separation chamber 21 under the action of gravity.

[0053] The built-in packing partition 22 changes the direction of the gas flow. When the gas flow carrying liquid droplets passes through the packing partition 22, the liquid droplets impact the surface of the packing partition 22, coalesce and grow under the action of surface tension and inertia, and finally fall under the action of gravity and separate from the gas flow.

[0054] The preheating pipe 23 is connected between the solution pump 8 and the generator 1. Its function is to preheat the first refrigerant solution entering the generator 1, so that the first refrigerant solution can quickly produce high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor when injected into the generator 1, thereby reducing the heat exchange area of the generator 1 and the volume of the generator 1, and facilitating the butt joint with the tail gas discharge pipe of the engine 200.

[0055] In one embodiment, the preheating pipe 23 is designed in a coil shape, which has a large heat exchange area and high heat exchange efficiency, and does not affect the flow of the gas flow.

[0056] The second liquid discharge pipe 2c is connected to the separation chamber 21 below the anti-surge partition 24, and the included angle between the liquid discharge port and the horizontal plane is set to 45°, which can make the separated second refrigerant solution enter the mixer 6 naturally under pressure, preventing high pressure from entering low pressure.

[0057] By setting the anti-surge partition 24, the present application can suppress the fluctuation of the liquid surface when the vehicle or ship is driving or swaying. When the separated liquid flows into the bottom of the separation chamber 21, it has a large kinetic energy. The anti-surge partition 24 acts as a physical barrier to directly block the liquid flow, dispersing and reducing its kinetic energy, and avoiding the liquid directly impacting the liquid surface to form violent waves or jets. By dispersing the energy of the liquid, the anti-surge partition 24 significantly reduces the fluctuation and fluctuation of the liquid surface, making the liquid level more stable. This is crucial for effective gas-liquid separation (such as ensuring the space for gas to rise) and precise liquid level control, which relies on a stable liquid level.

[0058] The anti-surge partition 24 can also reduce the splashing of liquid droplets. Uncontrolled liquid flow impacting the liquid surface will produce a large amount of fine liquid droplets and foam. These liquid droplets will be re-entrained (secondary entrainment) by the rising gas flow, directly contaminating the already separated pure other refrigerant. The anti-surge partition 24 greatly reduces the generation of such splashing. By suppressing secondary entrainment, the purity of the gaseous refrigerant entering the condenser 3 is reliably guaranteed, which is the core key to the efficient and stable operation of the refrigeration / ice-making assembly 300.

[0059] The condenser 3 condenses the separated high-purity gaseous refrigerant to obtain high-purity liquid refrigerant, for example, condenses ammonia gas into liquid ammonia. Specifically, the condenser 3 comprises a third inlet connected with the second exhaust port 2b, and a third outlet discharging liquid refrigerant.

[0060] In an embodiment, the condenser 3 is a wind-cooled condenser. During the driving of the vehicle or ship, good heat dissipation effect can be achieved even without starting the fan. In an embodiment, the condenser 3 is a water-cooled condenser, for example, a plate evaporator, which can be used on a ship to cool the gaseous refrigerant by seawater.

[0061] The liquid storage tank 4 comprises a fourth inlet communicating with the third outlet, a float valve located in the liquid storage tank 4, and a fourth outlet. The liquid storage tank 4 stores and buffers the condensed liquid refrigerant, ensuring the stability of the unit operation. The liquid level in the liquid storage tank is controlled by the float valve, ensuring the stability of the system operation.

[0062] The throttling element of the present application adopts a throttle valve, which is convenient for controlling the discharge amount and pressure of the liquid refrigerant to adjust the refrigeration effect.

[0063] In some embodiments, the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 further comprises a subcooler 9 for further cooling the liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator 5 to reduce the temperature of the liquid refrigerant and improve the cold quantity released by the liquid refrigerant in the evaporator 5.

[0064] The subcooler 9 comprises a first fluid passage and a second fluid passage which can exchange heat with each other. The first fluid passage is connected between the throttling element and the evaporator 5 for the flow of liquid refrigerant. The second fluid passage is connected to a low-temperature fluid pipeline for cooling the liquid refrigerant.

[0065] In an embodiment, the second fluid passage can be connected to low-temperature non-freezing liquid to further cool the liquid refrigerant by the non-freezing liquid to achieve subcooling.

[0066] In another embodiment, the second fluid passage can also be connected between the evaporator 5 and the absorber 7 to cool the liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator 5 by the low-temperature third refrigerant mixture coming out of the evaporator 5, which comprehensively utilizes the energy in the unit and improves the refrigeration effect without introducing external cold quantity.

[0067] Taking ammonia as an example, the low-temperature ammonia gas coming out of the evaporator 5 can further cool the liquid ammonia by 20-30℃, and the cold quantity released by the liquid ammonia in the evaporator 5 can be increased by 10%, which can not only meet the cooling demand of the cargo compartment but also directly make ice to provide ice blocks for the goods to achieve ice-fresh preservation.

[0068] The inventor found that the existing absorber 7 cannot fully mix the third refrigerant mixture and the second refrigerant solution, which affects the concentration and uniformity of the first refrigerant solution and the absorption of the third refrigerant mixture by the second refrigerant solution. If the low-temperature third refrigerant mixture and the high-temperature second refrigerant solution enter the absorber 7 directly without any measures, the collision and separation between the two will lead to incompatible mixing and low efficiency. Moreover, the high temperature of the second refrigerant solution is not conducive to the full absorption of the third refrigerant mixture by the first refrigerant solution. Poor mixing can cause heat and concentration pre-exchange failure, which may lead to reduced absorption efficiency in the absorber 7 or insufficient evaporation of refrigerant in the generator 1.

[0069] The present application sets a mixer 6 upstream of the absorber 7 to mix the high-temperature second refrigerant solution flowing from the gas-liquid separator 2 with the low-temperature third refrigerant mixture flowing from the evaporator 5, forming a first refrigerant solution with moderate concentration and uniform mixing, preventing fluctuations in the unit performance caused by concentration differences. Heat pre-exchange is achieved during mixing, reducing the absorption pressure of the absorber 7.

[0070] This mixing with heat pre-exchange can reduce the cooling energy consumption of the absorber 7 or the heating energy consumption of the generator 1. Mixing solutions of different temperatures can make the solution temperature entering the absorber 7 and the generator 1 more uniform, avoiding local overheating or supercooling, prolonging the service life of the equipment and improving the operation stability.

[0071] Taking ammonia as an example, the mixer 6 can assist in mixing ammonia gas and dilute ammonia water solution to ensure the absorption efficiency of dilute ammonia water on ammonia gas in the absorber 7 or the evaporation efficiency of ammonia gas after heating of ammonia water in the generator 1, thereby improving the refrigeration capacity.

[0072] The mixer 6 plays a key role in the vehicle and ship exhaust waste heat refrigeration / ice making unit 300, and its working state directly affects the operation of the entire equipment, which may cause the unit to fail to circulate in severe cases. The core purpose of setting the mixer 6 in the present application is to improve the refrigeration efficiency, stability and energy utilization rate of the unit, while reducing energy consumption and operation risk, through concentration and temperature adjustment of the solution, heat optimization and cycle connection.

[0073] To achieve such effects, we install a first liquid distributor 62 and a third liquid distributor 63 in the mixer 6 and optimize the structure and positional relationship of the two to ensure mixing effect and stability of the solution concentration in the unit.

[0074] Specifically, the mixer 6 mixes the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture at a flow ratio to form a first refrigerant solution of an intermediate concentration. The concentration avoids an increase in heating energy consumption caused by an increase in boiling point when the third refrigerant mixture directly enters the generator 1, and prevents insufficient absorption capacity when the second refrigerant solution enters the absorber 7.

[0075] In the present application, the ratio of the second refrigerant solution to the third refrigerant mixture is 2:1-3:1, and can be 3:1, 2.8:1, 2.6:1, 2.4:1, 2.2:1, 2:1, etc.

[0076] The structure of the mixer 6 is described in detail below.

[0077] The mixer 6 further includes a shell 60 surrounding a mixing chamber 61. The shell 60 includes a straight pipe section in the middle, and two end pipes axially located at the two ends of the straight pipe section. The end of the end pipe away from the straight pipe section is arc-shaped, so that the entire shell 60 and the mixing chamber 61 are in a “capsule shape”. When the third refrigerant mixture and the second refrigerant solution flow to the radial or axial end of the mixing chamber 61, they are guided back into the mixing chamber 61 by the arc-shaped surface, which is conducive to uniform mixing.

[0078] The first liquid distributor 62 includes a first main pipe 621 and a plurality of first branch pipes 622 in communication with the first main pipe 621, and a plurality of first liquid distribution holes 623 are arranged on the first branch pipes 622. The first liquid distributor 62 uniformly sprays or trickles the second refrigerant solution into the mixing chamber 61 through the first branch pipes 622 and the first liquid distribution holes 623, and fully contacts the third refrigerant mixture.

[0079] One end of the first main pipe 621 extends out of the shell 60 to be connected to the second liquid discharge pipe 2c of the gas-liquid separator 2, and the other end of the first main pipe 621 is in communication with the first branch pipes 622. The second refrigerant solution enters the first branch pipes 622 from the first main pipe 621, and then enters the mixing chamber 61 through the first liquid distribution holes 623 to mix with the third refrigerant mixture.

[0080] In the present application, the first branch pipes 622 are located at the bottom of the mixing chamber 61, that is, the second refrigerant solution enters the mixing chamber 61 from the bottom and fully mixes with the solution in the mixing chamber 61. Under normal operating conditions, the mixing chamber 61 is filled with solution, and even if bubbles are generated during the mixing of the second refrigerant solution from the bottom and the mixed solution, the bubbles will move upward under the action of pressure or buoyancy. The bubbles further mix with the solution during the upward movement and agitate the solution. Part of the bubbles break during the upward movement, and there are not too many bubbles accumulated at the top of the mixing chamber 61.

[0081] Compared with arranging the first branch pipe 622 at the top of the mixing cavity 61, the application can improve the uniformity of the refrigerant solution at the bottom of the mixing cavity 61, avoid excessive concentration at the bottom, and avoid generating too many bubbles, which is not conducive to the mixing of the third refrigerant mixture and the second refrigerant solution.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first liquid distribution holes 623 are randomly distributed on the first branch pipe 622.

[0083] In some embodiments, the first branch pipe 622 has a first area and a second area with the same area, and the second area is located on the side of the first branch pipe 622 away from the first main pipe 621, that is, the first area is close to the first main pipe 621, and the second area is away from the first main pipe 621. The first area and the second area are two areas with the same area arbitrarily divided for the convenience of describing the arrangement of the first liquid distribution holes 623, and are not specifically limited to the specific position on the first branch pipe 622.

[0084] The total area of the first liquid distribution holes 623 in the first area is S1, and the total area of the first liquid distribution holes 623 in the second area is S2, and S1 is less than S2. By changing the total area of the first liquid distribution holes 623 at different positions of the first branch pipe 622, for example, S1 is less than S2, the application compensates for the pressure loss along the flow of the second refrigerant solution in the first branch pipe 622, and ensures that the amount of the second refrigerant solution entering the mixing cavity 61 in different areas is basically uniform.

[0085] In an embodiment, the hole diameter (or area) of all the first liquid distribution holes 623 is consistent, the arrangement density of the first liquid distribution holes 623 in the first area is p1, and the arrangement density of the first liquid distribution holes 623 in the second area is p2, and p1 is less than p2. Therefore, in the direction away from the first main pipe 621, by increasing the arrangement density of the first liquid distribution holes 623, the total liquid outlet area of the area away from the first main pipe 621 is increased, the pressure loss along the flow is compensated, and it is ensured that the amount of the second refrigerant solution entering the mixing cavity 61 in different areas is basically uniform.

[0086] In another embodiment, the arrangement density of the first liquid distribution holes 623 in the first area and the second area is the same, and preferably, the arrangement density of the first liquid distribution holes 623 on the entire first branch pipe 622 is the same. The hole diameter of the first liquid distribution holes 623 in the first area is d1, and the hole diameter of the first liquid distribution holes 623 in the second area is d2, and d1 is less than d2. Therefore, in the direction away from the first main pipe 621, by increasing the area of the single hole of the first liquid distribution holes 623, the total liquid outlet area of the area away from the first main pipe 621 is increased, the pressure loss along the flow is compensated, and it is ensured that the amount of the second refrigerant solution entering the mixing cavity 61 in different areas is basically uniform.

[0087] In another embodiment, the first distribution holes 623 in different regions have different setting densities and different hole diameters (or areas). In the first region, the first distribution holes 623 have a hole diameter d1 and a setting density p1; in the second region, the first distribution holes 623 have a hole diameter d2 and a setting density p2; d1 is less than d2, and p1 is less than p2. Therefore, in the direction away from the first main pipe 621, by increasing the area and setting density of the single hole of the first distribution hole 623, the total liquid output area of the region away from the first main pipe 621 is increased, the pressure loss along the way is compensated, and the amount of the second refrigerant solution entering the mixing chamber 61 in different regions is substantially uniform.

[0088] The inventor has found that the hole diameter, hole spacing, and angle of the first distribution hole 623 will affect the amount of the second refrigerant solution output per unit area and per unit time, and further affect the mixing ratio of the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture and the heat exchange efficiency.

[0089] The larger the hole diameter of the first distribution hole 623, the larger the area of the single hole of the first distribution hole 623. If the hole diameter is too large, liquid droplets will splash, which is not conducive to mixing with the third refrigerant mixture. If the hole diameter of the first distribution hole 623 is too small, it is easy to cause blockage, resulting in unsmooth liquid output, and even reducing the amount of the second refrigerant solution entering the mixing chamber 61, which further increases the liquid output concentration of the mixer 6.

[0090] In the present application, the diameter of the first distribution hole 623 is 0.8mm-1.5mm. By setting the hole diameter in this range, the second refrigerant solution can be stably and continuously output to the mixing chamber 61 according to the set mixing ratio of the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture.

[0091] The hole spacing of the first distribution hole 623 affects the uniformity of the liquid output, and under the premise of setting the total liquid output area per unit area, it affects the number of the first distribution hole 623 and the diameter (or area) of the single hole. In the present application, the hole spacing of the first distribution hole 623 on the first branch pipe 622 is 5mm-10mm. If the hole spacing is too large, the amount of the second refrigerant solution in the local region will be insufficient, resulting in uneven mixing of the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture in the local region. If the hole spacing is too small, the number of the first distribution hole 623 in the unit area will be increased, which further reduces the hole diameter of the first distribution hole 623, and is easy to cause blockage.

[0092] A plurality of groups of the first distribution holes 623 are arranged along the axial direction of the first branch pipe 622, and each group of the first distribution holes 623 includes a plurality of first distribution holes 623 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first branch pipe 622. This array arrangement can simplify the design and manufacturing process.

[0093] In each group of the first liquid distribution holes 623, the arc between any two adjacent first liquid distribution holes 623 along the circumferential direction of the first branch pipe 622 is π / 4. That is, any first liquid distribution hole 623 is rotated by 45° compared with the adjacent first liquid distribution hole 623 along the circumferential direction of the first branch pipe 622, or the included angle between the first liquid distribution hole 623 and the axis of the first branch pipe 622 is 45°. Through the arrangement, the liquid is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the first branch pipe 622, and the uniformity of mixing can be improved.

[0094] The first branch pipe 622 extends horizontally, and the included angle between the central axis of the first liquid distribution hole 623 at the bottom of the first branch pipe 622 and the axial direction of the first branch pipe 622 is 90°, so that the second refrigerant solution is ejected downwardly and into the mixed liquid. The included angle between the central axis of the other first liquid distribution holes 623 and the axial direction of the first branch pipe 622 is less than 90°, and the first liquid distribution holes 623 extend radially from inside to outside and from top to bottom along the first branch pipe 622. The first liquid distribution holes 623 at the middle or upper middle are not straight, so that the second refrigerant solution is ejected downwardly at an inclined angle and into the mixed liquid, so that the second refrigerant solution is ejected more smoothly, and the mixing effect of the second refrigerant solution and the mixed liquid can be improved.

[0095] Through the cooperation of the first branch pipe 622 and the first liquid distribution hole 623, the spraying uniformity of the second refrigerant solution is improved by 30%, and the absorption efficiency (such as the absorption of ammonia gas by the second refrigerant solution) is improved by 15%.

[0096] The third liquid distribution device 63 includes a third main pipe 631 and a plurality of third branch pipes 632 in communication with the third main pipe 631, and a plurality of third liquid distribution holes 633 are arranged on the third branch pipes 632. The third liquid distribution device 63 sprays or flows the third refrigerant mixture uniformly into the mixing chamber 61 through the third branch pipes 632 and the third liquid distribution holes 633, so as to ensure that the third refrigerant mixture (or refrigerant vapor) fully contacts the second refrigerant solution, realizes the preliminary absorption process, liquefies the refrigerant vapor (such as ammonia gas), and converts it into a refrigerant (such as ammonia water) with appropriate concentration.

[0097] The third liquid distribution device 63 needs to ensure that the flow of the absorbent matches the unit load; if the distribution is uneven, the refrigerant concentration in some areas may be too high to crystallize, or the refrigerant concentration in some areas may be too low to cause insufficient refrigeration capacity. The third branch pipe 632 cooperates with the third liquid distribution hole 633 to uniformly distribute the third liquid distribution hole 633 in the mixing chamber 61, especially in the height direction of the mixing chamber 61, so as to maximize the contact area between the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture, and avoid the decrease of the unit efficiency caused by insufficient mixing in some areas.

[0098] One end of the third main pipe 631 extends out of the shell 60 to connect with the outlet of the evaporator 5; the other end of the third main pipe 631 is plugged by the end cap 634. The third refrigerant mixture enters the third liquid distributor 63 from the third main pipe 631, then enters the third branch pipe 632, and then enters the mixing chamber 61 through the third liquid distribution holes 633 to mix with the second refrigerant solution.

[0099] In some embodiments, the third liquid distribution holes 633 are randomly distributed on the third branch pipe 632.

[0100] In some embodiments, a plurality of groups of the third liquid distribution holes 633 are arranged along the axial direction of the third branch pipe 632, and each group of the third liquid distribution holes 633 includes a plurality of third liquid distribution holes 633 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe 632.

[0101] In one embodiment, the arc between any two adjacent third liquid distribution holes 633 in each group of the third liquid distribution holes 633 along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe 632 is π / 2. That is, the central angle corresponding to the two adjacent third liquid distribution holes 633 is 90°. That is, the included angle between the line connecting the two adjacent third liquid distribution holes 633 and the central axis of the third branch pipe 632 is 90°.

[0102] In another embodiment, the two adjacent groups of the third liquid distribution holes 633 are arranged at an offset along the circumferential direction along the axial direction of the third branch pipe 632, and the offset arc is π / 4. That is, any one group of the third liquid distribution holes 633 is rotated by 45° along the circumferential direction compared with the adjacent group of the third liquid distribution holes 633.

[0103] In another embodiment, the arc between any two adjacent third liquid distribution holes 633 in each group of the third liquid distribution holes 633 along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe 632 is π / 2; and the two adjacent groups of the third liquid distribution holes 633 are arranged at an offset along the circumferential direction along the axial direction of the third branch pipe 632, and the offset arc is π / 4. Each group of the third liquid distribution holes 633 is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe 632, and the two adjacent groups of the third liquid distribution holes 633 are arranged at an offset along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe 632, so that the third refrigerant mixture enters the mixing chamber 61 more uniformly, and the uniformity of the mixing of the third refrigerant mixture and the second refrigerant solution can be further improved.

[0104] In another embodiment, the two adjacent third branch pipes 632 are arranged at an offset along the circumferential direction of the third main pipe 631 along the axial direction of the third main pipe 631, and the offset arc is π / 4. That is, any one third branch pipe 632 is rotated by 45° along the circumferential direction of the third main pipe 631 compared with the adjacent third branch pipe 632.

[0105] In another embodiment, the third liquid distribution holes 633 on the adjacent third branch pipes 632 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes 632 along the axial direction of the third main pipe 631, and the staggered angle is π / 4. That is, any third branch pipe 632 is rotated by 45° in the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe 632 compared with the adjacent third branch pipe 632.

[0106] In another embodiment, the third branch pipes 632 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the third main pipe 631, and the staggered angle is π / 4; and the third liquid distribution holes 633 on the adjacent third branch pipes 632 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes 632 along the axial direction of the third main pipe 631, and the staggered angle is π / 4. The third branch pipes 632 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the third main pipe 631, and the third liquid distribution holes 633 on the third branch pipes 632 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes 632, so that the third refrigerant mixtures are staggered and crossed in the axial and circumferential directions of the third main pipe 631, forming three-dimensional liquid outlet points and liquid outlet directions, which can make the third refrigerant mixtures more uniformly enter the mixing chamber 61, thereby improving the uniformity of the mixing of the third refrigerant mixtures and the second refrigerant solution.

[0107] If the third branch pipes 632 are blocked or have uneven flow, the local temperature in the mixer 6 will rise and the absorption efficiency will decrease. The third branch pipes 632 and the third liquid distribution holes 633 can orderly discharge the third refrigerant mixtures through the above-mentioned diversified cooperation mode.

[0108] The spatial arrangement mode of the first liquid distribution device 62 and the third liquid distribution device 63 will affect the mixing uniformity of the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture. The mixing uniformity directly affects the consistency of the concentration of the mixed solution after regeneration (the first refrigerant solution). If the distribution is uneven, part of the solution is not fully mixed, and then the concentration of the mixed solution after regeneration is insufficient, thereby reducing the absorption capacity of the absorber 7 and affecting the refrigerating capacity of the unit.

[0109] In the present application, the first branch pipes 622 are located at the bottom of the mixing chamber 61. The third branch pipes 632 are uniformly distributed in the height direction in the mixing chamber 61. Alternatively, the third branch pipes 632 are distributed in the entire mixing chamber 61 in the height direction.

[0110] Specifically, the first branch pipes 622 and the third branch pipes 632 both extend in the horizontal direction. The first branch pipes 622 are lower than the sixth liquid outlet pipe 64, part of the third branch pipes 632 are below the first branch pipes 622, and the other part of the third branch pipes 632 are above the first branch pipes 622.

[0111] In one embodiment, the third main pipe 631 extends into the mixing chamber 61 from the bottom of the housing 60 and extends upwardly, and a plurality of third branch pipes 632 are distributed into three rows from bottom to top. The first branch pipe 622 is not lower than the bottommost row of the third branch pipes 632. The first branch pipe 622 is too high or too low, which is not conducive to the mixing of the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture.

[0112] The high-concentration gaseous refrigerant and a small amount of liquid droplets that fail to completely evaporate enter the third liquid distributor 63 from the third main pipe 631, and then enter the mixing chamber 61 through the third liquid distribution holes 633 with different angles, mix with the second refrigerant solution from the bottom of the separator, and finally enter the absorber 7 through the sixth liquid outlet pipe 64.

[0113] The sixth liquid outlet pipe 64 is located in the middle of the height direction of the mixing chamber 61. If the sixth liquid outlet pipe 64 is too low, the concentration of the mixed liquid discharged is relatively high. If the sixth liquid outlet pipe 64 is too high, the mixed liquid discharged contains more bubbles, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the unit.

[0114] The third liquid distributor 63 and the first liquid distributor 62 are key execution components of the “absorption process” and the “regeneration process” in the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300, respectively. The former ensures efficient recovery of refrigerant (such as ammonia) by absorbent (such as water), and the latter ensures regeneration of absorbent to maintain continuous circulation. The design of both needs to focus on “uniform distribution” and “process intensification”, and the stability of their functions directly determines the refrigeration efficiency and reliability of the unit.

[0115] In addition, considering the mixing effect of the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300, the mixer 6 is located at the lowest end of the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300. The mixer 6 with relatively low internal pressure is arranged at the bottom, which can realize pressure-type self-flowing circulation, has better mixing effect, and can also inhibit the generation of a large amount of bubbles.

[0116] The mixed liquid of the second refrigerant solution and the third refrigerant mixture after sufficient mixing enters the absorber 7 for cooling and absorption, and the second refrigerant solution fully absorbs the gaseous refrigerant (referred to as “regeneration process”). The absorber 7 includes a seventh inlet connected to the sixth liquid outlet pipe 64 and a seventh outlet connected to the first inlet. The solution pump 8 is connected between the seventh outlet and the first inlet.

[0117] In one embodiment, the absorber 7 is a wind-cooled heat exchanger, which cools the refrigerant solution inside by wind, timely transfers the absorption heat, and promotes the continuous absorption.

[0118] Further, the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 further comprises a second liquid tank 1a connected between the absorber 7 and the solution pump 8, and a backflow pipe is further provided between the absorber 7 and the second liquid tank 1a. The second liquid tank 1a is used to store the first refrigerant solution and balance the pressure in the unit. The solution pump 8 can selectively connect the second liquid tank 1a with the generator 1 to supply the first refrigerant solution to the generator 1 for circulation. When there is air in the pump or the pressure is not reached, the solution pump 8 connects the absorber 7 with the second liquid tank 1a to circulate the first refrigerant solution back to the second liquid tank 1a.

[0119] Further, the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 further comprises a solution heat exchanger 1b. The solution heat exchanger 1b comprises a third fluid passage and a fourth fluid passage which can exchange heat, the third fluid passage is connected between the second liquid outlet pipe and the absorber 6, and the fourth fluid passage is connected between the preheating pipe 23 and the generator 1. The solution heat exchanger 1b is used to exchange heat between the high-temperature second refrigerant solution and the low-temperature first refrigerant solution. In this process, the second refrigerant solution is cooled, which is beneficial to absorbing the gaseous refrigerant and can reduce the mixing pressure of the mixer 6 and the cooling load of the absorber 7. The third refrigerant mixture is heated, which can reduce the load of the generator 1 for heating and evaporating the third refrigerant mixture. Moreover, by exchanging heat between the refrigerants at different stages through the solution heat exchanger 1b, the risk of abandoning internal high and low temperatures is eliminated, and the refrigeration effect of the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 can be greatly improved.

[0120] In addition, the vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit further comprises a process valve 1c used for detecting or charging the refrigerant solution into the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300.

[0121] In the present application, the process valve 1c is arranged on the pipeline or component of the low-pressure stage of the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 for convenient operation. In an embodiment, the process valve 1c is arranged on the mixer 6 for convenient operation.

[0122] The vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 in the present application includes but is not limited to a car, a ship, etc.

[0123] In some embodiments, the vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 is a car. The car comprises a driver's cabin, a cargo cabin and / or a passenger cabin. The refrigeration / ice-making unit is a refrigeration unit, and the evaporator provides cold energy for the driver's cabin, the cargo cabin and / or the passenger cabin.

[0124] In an embodiment, the vehicle is a cold chain transport vehicle such as a refrigerated vehicle or a frozen vehicle, comprising a driver cabin and a cargo cabin located behind the driver cabin. Based on the standard design scheme of the cold chain transport vehicle, the core advantage is derived from the comprehensive optimization of refrigeration efficiency, space utilization, operation convenience and driving safety. In the present application, the refrigeration / ice making unit 300 is arranged at the front end of the cargo cabin, i.e. between the driver cabin and the cargo cabin. The refrigeration / ice making unit 300 is fixed as a whole at the front end of the cargo cabin by 30 M20x60MM bolts, and can be installed as a whole.

[0125] The refrigeration / ice making unit 300 is as described above, and realizes refrigeration cooling through the circulation of ammonia-water.

[0126] The generator 1 is connected to the exhaust pipe 201 of the engine 200 and arranged at the front end of the vehicle cabin. The evaporator 7 provides cold air to the cargo cabin through a fan, or the evaporator is directly used for ice making.

[0127] The generator 1 is connected to the exhaust pipe 201 of the engine 200 through an electric three-way valve 202. When refrigeration is needed, the electric three-way valve 202 connects the exhaust pipe 201 and the generator 1, and the exhaust gas enters the heat exchange chamber from the exhaust gas inlet, exchanges heat with the ammonia-water solution flowing in the heat exchange pipe, and is discharged to the exhaust outlet from the exhaust gas outlet. When refrigeration is not needed, the electric three-way valve 202 connects the exhaust pipe 201 and the exhaust outlet, and the exhaust gas is directly discharged. According to the heat provided by the exhaust gas, a part of the exhaust gas can enter the generator through the electric three-way valve 202, and the other part of the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust outlet. The ammonia-water solution absorbs heat in the generator 1 to form ammonia vapor.

[0128] The ammonia vapor is separated by the gas-liquid separator 1 to form ammonia gas and dilute ammonia water solution. The ammonia gas enters the condenser 3 for condensation. The dilute ammonia water solution flows into the mixer 6 under the action of pressure.

[0129] In the present embodiment, the condenser 3 is a wind-cooled heat exchanger. During vehicle transportation, air passes through the condenser 3, so that the ammonia gas is condensed into liquid ammonia. The liquid ammonia enters the liquid storage tank 4, and the liquid level is controlled by a ball valve to ensure the stability of the unit operation. The liquid ammonia enters the evaporator 5 after being throttled and reduced in pressure by the throttle valve.

[0130] The evaporator 5 is a wind-cooled heat exchanger, which cooperates with a fan to provide cold air to the driver cabin, the cargo cabin and / or the passenger cabin. The liquid ammonia absorbs heat in the evaporator 5 and evaporates into ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas forms an ammonia mixture with the liquid droplets that have not been fully evaporated.

[0131] In the present embodiment, the ammonia mixture exchanges heat with the liquid ammonia from the condenser 3 through the subcooler 9, thereby reducing the temperature of the liquid ammonia entering the evaporator 5 and improving the refrigeration capacity.

[0132] The dilute ammonia water enters the mixer 6 through the first liquid distributor 62, and the ammonia mixture enters the mixer 6 through the third liquid distributor 63. The dilute ammonia water and the ammonia mixture are fully mixed in the mixing chamber 61 to form a mixed solution with a suitable concentration. On the one hand, the absorption pressure of the absorber 7 is reduced, and on the other hand, the dilute ammonia water at a high temperature and the ammonia mixture at a low temperature are fully exchanged, so that the heating load of the generator 1 is reduced, and the refrigeration efficiency and the stable operation of the unit are improved as a whole.

[0133] The mixed solution enters the absorber 7 for cooling and absorption to form an ammonia water solution with a suitable concentration. In this embodiment, the absorber 7 is an air-cooled heat exchanger. During the transportation of the vehicle, air passes through the absorber 7 to cool the mixed solution and promote the complete absorption of the mixed solution to ammonia gas.

[0134] The ammonia water solution after sufficient mixing and absorption enters the second liquid storage tank 1a, and then enters the generator 1 through the solution pump 8. Specifically, the ammonia water solution first passes through the preheating pipe 2 in the gas-liquid separator 2 for the first time to increase the temperature, and then is heated again through the solution heat exchanger 1b with the dilute ammonia water solution from the gas-liquid separator 2 for the second time to increase the temperature, and then enters the generator 1, so that the heating load of the generator 1 is reduced.

[0135] The refrigerated vehicle with the refrigeration unit is tested, and the test data is shown in Table 1.

[0136] Table 1

[0137]

[0138] In this embodiment, the test area is Yancheng City, and the weather is sunny with a temperature of 37-29°C. The refrigeration temperature in Table 1 is the temperature of the evaporator 5, and the pressure is the pressure in the gas-liquid separator 2.

[0139] In some embodiments, the vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 is a ship. The ship includes a cabin, a cargo hold, and / or a passenger cabin. The refrigeration / ice-making unit is a refrigeration unit, and the evaporator provides cold energy to the cabin, the cargo hold, and / or the passenger cabin.

[0140] The refrigeration unit on the ship is the same as that on the vehicle. Alternatively, the condenser 3 and the absorber 7 on the ship are liquid-cooled heat exchangers, which are cooled by seawater. The liquid-cooled heat exchanger includes but is not limited to a plate heat exchanger, a tube-in-tube heat exchanger, and the like.

[0141] In some embodiments, the vehicle with the refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 is a ship. The refrigeration / ice-making unit 300 is an ice-making unit. The ice-making unit further includes a water supply assembly for supplying water to the evaporator 5, and the water obtains cold energy from the evaporator 5 to form ice.

[0142] In the ice maker set, the condenser 3 and the absorber 7 can adopt air-cooled heat exchangers, preferably liquid-cooled heat exchangers. Cooling through seawater can fully ensure the cooling effect and improve the ice making efficiency.

[0143] The ship with the ice maker set is subjected to road testing, and the test data are shown in Table 2.

[0144] Table 2

[0145]

[0146] In the table, the test area is the coastal area of Yancheng, and the weather on the day is cloudy with a temperature of 35-26℃. The ice making amount in Table 2 is the mass of the ice formed in the corresponding test time, and the pressure is the pressure in the gas-liquid separator 2.

[0147] It should be understood that, although the present specification is described in a real way, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description manner of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. The skilled person should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by the skilled person.

[0148] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible embodiments of the present application, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent embodiments or changes made without departing from the spirit of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit, comprising an engine and a refrigeration / ice-making unit, said engine including an exhaust pipe, characterized in that, The refrigeration / ice-making unit includes: The generator includes a heat exchange chamber connected to the exhaust pipe and a heat exchange tube passing through the heat exchange chamber. The heat exchange tube has a first inlet for a first refrigerant solution to enter and a first outlet for refrigerant vapor to exit. The gas-liquid separator includes a second inlet pipe connected to the first outlet, a second outlet for discharging gaseous refrigerant, and a second drain pipe for discharging a second refrigerant solution. A condenser, connected to the second exhaust port, is used to condense the gaseous refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant; A liquid storage tank, connected to the condenser, is used to store liquid refrigerant. A throttling element is connected to the liquid storage tank to control the throttling of the liquid refrigerant; An evaporator, including a fifth inlet connected to the throttling element and a fifth outlet for discharging a third refrigerant mixture; The mixer includes a mixing chamber, a first distributor connected to the second drain pipe, a third distributor connected to the fifth outlet, and a sixth outlet pipe communicating with the mixing chamber to discharge the mixture. The first distributor and the third distributor are arranged crosswise within the mixing chamber. An absorber is connected to the sixth outlet pipe to cool the mixture. A solution pump is connected between the absorber and the first inlet; The concentration of the first refrigerant solution is greater than that of the second refrigerant solution, and the concentration of the first refrigerant solution is less than that of the third refrigerant mixture.

2. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first liquid distributor includes a first main pipe connected to the second drain pipe and a plurality of first branch pipes connected to the first main pipe. The first branch pipes are provided with a plurality of first liquid distribution holes and are located at the bottom of the mixing chamber.

3. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first branch pipe has a first region and a second region with the same area. The second region is located on the side of the first region away from the first main pipe. The total area of ​​the first liquid distribution holes in the first region is S1, and the total area of ​​the first liquid distribution holes in the second region is S2. S1 is less than S2. All the first liquid distribution holes have the same hole diameter. The density of the first liquid distribution holes in the first region is ρ1, and the density of the first liquid distribution holes in the second region is ρ2, where ρ1 is less than ρ2. And / or, the density of the first liquid distribution holes in the first region and the second region is the same, the diameter of the first liquid distribution hole in the first region is d1, the diameter of the first liquid distribution hole in the second region is d2, and d1 is less than d2.

4. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the first liquid distribution hole is 0.8mm-1.5mm, and / or the hole spacing of the first liquid distribution hole on the first branch pipe is 5mm-10mm.

5. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: Several sets of first liquid distribution holes are arranged along the axial direction of the first branch pipe, and each set of first liquid distribution holes includes several first liquid distribution holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first branch pipe. In each group of the first liquid distribution holes, the arc between two adjacent first liquid distribution holes along the circumferential direction of the first branch pipe is π / 4. And / or, the first branch pipe extends horizontally, the central axis of the first liquid distribution hole located at the bottom of the first branch pipe forms an angle of 90° with the central axis of the first branch pipe, and the central axis of the other first liquid distribution holes forms an angle of less than 90° with the central axis of the first branch pipe, and the first liquid distribution holes extend radially from the inside to the outside and from the top to the bottom along the first branch pipe.

6. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third liquid distributor includes a third main pipe connected to the second drain pipe and several third branch pipes connected to the third main pipe. Several third liquid distribution holes are provided on the third branch pipes, and the third branch pipes are evenly distributed in the mixing chamber.

7. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: Several sets of third liquid distribution holes are arranged along the axial direction of the third branch pipe, and each set of third liquid distribution holes includes several third liquid distribution holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe. In each group of the third liquid distribution holes, the arc between two adjacent third liquid distribution holes along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe is π / 2; And / or, along the axial direction of the third branch pipe, two adjacent sets of the third liquid distribution holes are staggered in the circumferential direction, and the degree of misalignment is π / 4.

8. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: Several sets of third liquid distribution holes are arranged along the axial direction of the third branch pipe, and each set of third liquid distribution holes includes several third liquid distribution holes arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the third branch pipe. Along the axial direction of the third main pipe, the third liquid distribution holes on the adjacent third branch pipes are offset in the circumferential direction of the third branch pipes, and the arc of the offset is π / 4. And / or, along the axial direction of the third main pipe, the adjacent third branch pipes are offset in the circumferential direction of the third main pipe, and the offset radius is π / 4.

9. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first liquid distributor includes a first main pipe connected to the second drain pipe and a plurality of first branch pipes connected to the first main pipe, and the first branch pipes are provided with a plurality of first liquid distribution holes. The third liquid distributor includes a third main pipe connected to the second drain pipe and several third branch pipes connected to the third main pipe. Several third liquid distribution holes are provided on the third branch pipes, and the several third branch pipes are arranged along the axial direction of the first main pipe. The sixth outlet pipe is located in the middle of the mixing chamber in the height direction. The first branch pipe and the third branch pipe both extend in the horizontal direction. The first branch pipe is lower than the sixth outlet pipe. Part of the third branch pipe is located below the first branch pipe, and another part of the third branch pipe is located above the first branch pipe.

10. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixer is located at the bottom of the refrigeration / ice-making unit.

11. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid separator further includes a separation chamber, a packing partition located within the separation chamber, a preheating pipe located above the packing partition, and a surge protector located below the packing partition; the preheating pipe is connected between the solution pump and the generator, the second inlet pipe is connected to the separation chamber between the packing partition and the surge protector, the second outlet pipe is connected to the separation chamber below the surge protector, and the second exhaust port is connected to the separation chamber above the preheating pipe.

12. The vehicle equipped with a refrigeration / ice-making unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The means of transport is a vehicle, which includes a driver's cab, a cargo hold, and / or a passenger cabin; the refrigeration / ice-making unit is a refrigeration unit; and the evaporator provides cooling capacity to the driver's cab, cargo hold, and / or passenger cabin. Alternatively, the means of transport is a ship, the ship includes a cockpit, a cargo hold and / or a passenger cabin, the refrigeration / ice-making unit is a refrigeration unit, and the evaporator provides cooling capacity to the cockpit, cargo hold and / or passenger cabin; Alternatively, the means of transport is a ship, the refrigeration / ice-making unit is an ice-making unit, and the ice-making unit further includes a water supply component for supplying water to the evaporator.

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