Preparation process and combustion process of cow dung biomass fuel

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation technology and a combustion technology of cow dung biomass fuel, and relates to the technical field of biomass fuels, the preparation technology comprises the following steps: S1, collecting fresh cow dung, and carrying out primary drying until the moisture content of the cow dung is a first threshold value; s2, laying the primarily dried cow dung on the ground, and rolling the cow dung by using a road roller to improve the viscosity of the cow dung; s3, collecting the rolled cow dung into a pile, feeding the pile into a biomass fuel forming device, and granulating to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel granules; and S4, carrying out secondary drying on the primary biomass fuel particles obtained by granulation until the moisture content of the cow dung reaches a second threshold value, so as to obtain the cow dung biomass fuel finally used for combustion, the prepared cow dung biomass fuel is combusted to generate heat through a double-stage combustion process of anoxic combustion and combustible gas combustion. According to the scheme, the cost is low, and the forming rate of the biomass fuel and the energy conversion efficiency of the biomass fuel can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomass fuels, and in particular to a preparation process of cow dung biomass fuel and a combustion process thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continued growth of global energy demand and the overconsumption of traditional fossil fuels, biomass energy, as a renewable, low-carbon alternative fuel, has become a key direction in energy transformation. Biomass fuel generally refers to solid fuels processed from agricultural and forestry waste (such as straw and wood chips), livestock and poultry manure (such as cow dung), and organic waste. Cow dung fuel, due to its widespread availability (especially in areas with concentrated livestock farming), carbon-neutral properties, and resource utilization value, has become a key component of biomass fuel. It effectively addresses the environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of livestock and poultry manure and can replace traditional fossil fuels, realizing the energy utilization of waste.

[0003] Although traditional fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas have high calorific value, they are non-renewable and produce sulfur oxides (SO x ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and greenhouse gases (CO2), which place a serious burden on the ecological environment. In contrast, biomass fuels offer significant advantages: First, biomass growth or metabolism absorbs CO2 through photosynthesis, and carbon emissions after combustion are offset by natural cycles, resulting in a significantly lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels. Second, biomass fuels are low in sulfur and nitrogen, emitting fewer pollutants during combustion. Third, raw materials are widely available and inexpensive, especially waste fuels like cow dung, which can reduce energy costs and align with the concept of a circular economy.

[0004] Currently, when preparing cow dung biomass fuel, when pure cow dung containing water is directly extruded, the prepared biomass fuel has a rough surface, low mechanical strength, and a low molding rate. Adding adhesives and other substances to improve the mechanical strength and molding rate of the molded biomass fuel is not only costly but also inconsistent with the concept of biomass fuel. For example, the cost of adding organic adhesives is high, while using an adhesive formed by mixing carbon powder and clay will significantly reduce the environmental impact. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to address the above shortcomings, it is necessary to propose a low-cost preparation process and combustion process of cow dung biomass fuel, while improving the molding rate of biomass fuel and the energy conversion efficiency of biomass fuel.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing cow dung biomass fuel, comprising the following steps: S1: Collect fresh cow dung and perform initial drying until the moisture content of the cow dung reaches a first threshold; S2: Spreading the primary dried cow dung on the ground and compacting it with a roller to increase its viscosity; S3: collecting the crushed cow dung into a pile and sending it to a biomass fuel forming device for granulation to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel pellets; S4: The primary biomass fuel particles obtained by granulation are subjected to secondary drying until the moisture content of the cow dung reaches a second threshold value, thereby obtaining cow dung biomass fuel ultimately used for combustion.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, the initial drying is natural drying during the collection of fresh cow dung; and the first threshold value is 70wt%-80wt%.

[0008] Preferably, in S2, the cow dung is laid on the ground to a thickness of 8 cm to 10 cm, and the cow dung is repeatedly rolled by a roller until the surface is smooth to improve the viscosity of the cow dung.

[0009] Preferably, in S3, the biomass fuel forming device is composed of a driving mechanism, an extrusion mechanism and a feeding mechanism; the feeding mechanism includes a mounting frame, a hopper and a screw conveying assembly; the mounting frame is arranged on the ground, and the hopper is installed on the upper end of the mounting frame; the interior of the hopper is a funnel-shaped structure; the bottom end of the hopper is connected to one end of the feed inlet of the screw conveying assembly, the extrusion mechanism includes a silo, and the discharge port of the screw conveying assembly is arranged above the feeding port of the silo, for conveying the compacted cow dung added to the hopper into the silo of the extrusion mechanism; a pushing assembly is movably provided at one end of the silo, and a discharge port is provided at the other end of the silo; the driving mechanism is drivably connected to the pushing assembly to drive the pushing assembly to move in the silo toward the discharge port, and extrude the cow dung in the silo from the discharge port to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel particles.

[0010] Preferably, the front end of the pushing assembly extends into the interior of the silo from one end of the silo, and a disc is provided at the front end of the pushing assembly, and the difference between the outer diameter of the disc and the inner diameter of the silo is not greater than 1 cm; the other end of the silo is provided with an openable and closable silo door, and the silo door is provided with a discharge port composed of several guide tubes, and each guide tube is evenly distributed on the side of the silo door facing outward, and each guide tube is connected to the inside and outside of the silo, so that the cow dung raw material inside the silo is pushed by the pushing assembly and squeezed out from each guide tube.

[0011] Preferably, the biomass fuel forming device also includes a cutting mechanism; the cutting mechanism includes: a first drive motor, an inverted L-shaped fixing plate, a double-edged knife, a hollow transmission column and a transmission plate; the first drive motor is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the warehouse door, and the inverted L-shaped fixing plate is mounted on the first drive motor with adjustable bolt spacing; a through hole is provided on the inverted L-shaped fixing plate, a first keyway is provided on the outer surface of the drive shaft of the first drive motor, and a second keyway is provided on the inner surface of the hollow transmission column that engages with the first keyway; the drive shaft of the first drive motor is inserted from one end of the hollow transmission column and engaged with the hollow transmission column, the hollow transmission column passes through the through hole, and the other end is movably connected to one end of the transmission plate, and the other end of the transmission plate is slidably connected to the slide groove in the middle of the double-edged knife; the upper end of the double-edged knife is rotatably connected to the upper end of the inverted L-shaped fixing plate, so that the double-edged knife is driven by the first drive motor to cut back and forth on the end surface of the guide tube, cutting the cow dung biomass fuel squeezed out of the guide tube into a preset length.

[0012] Preferably, in S4, the secondary drying is to place the primary biomass fuel particles obtained by granulation in a ventilated environment and dry them naturally; the second threshold value is 15wt%-25wt%.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a combustion process for cow dung biomass fuel, wherein the cow dung biomass fuel prepared by the preparation process for cow dung biomass fuel as described in any one of the first aspects is put into a biomass fuel combustion furnace for oxygen-deficient combustion, and the combustible gas generated after the oxygen-deficient combustion of the cow dung biomass fuel is subjected to secondary combustion to generate heat, so that the energy of the cow dung biomass fuel is fully released and the conversion efficiency of the biomass fuel is improved; wherein, the biomass fuel combustion furnace comprises: a furnace body, a first air supply mechanism, a second air supply mechanism and a wind direction adjustment mechanism; a first air inlet is provided at the lower part near the feeding side of the furnace body, the first air inlet is located below the grate in the furnace body, and the air outlet end of the first air supply mechanism is connected to the first air inlet; the wind direction adjustment mechanism is provided below the grate, the air inlet end thereof is connected to the first air inlet, the air outlet end faces the upper grate, and the air outlet direction of the air outlet end is adjustable; a second air inlet is provided at the upper part near the flame outlet side of the furnace body, and the air outlet end of the second air supply mechanism is connected to the first air inlet The end is connected to the second air inlet; wherein, the furnace body comprises: an outer shell, a fixed plate, a grate, a fixed frame, a driving motor and a first base; the first base is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the inner shell, and the fixed frame is slidably arranged above the first base; fixed plates are fixedly mounted on the front and rear surfaces of the inner shell, the grate is arranged above the fixed frame, and is movably connected to the fixed frame and the fixed plates on both sides respectively; the driving motor is drivably connected to the fixed frame to drive the fixed frame to reciprocate in the left and right directions; the grate comprises M groups of first grates and N groups of second grates, and a first rotating shaft is fixedly mounted below each group of first grates, and the two ends of the first rotating shaft are respectively rotatably connected to bearings fixed on the fixed plates on both sides, and each group of second grates is rotatably sleeved on the second rotating shaft fixed on the fixed frame below; the first and second grates of each group are alternately arranged in an end-to-end overlapping manner, and the first grate is the first grate on the right; wherein, M and N are both positive integers not less than 1.

[0014] Preferably, the wind direction adjustment mechanism includes: a second base, an air guide cavity, a Z-shaped rotating shaft and a crank; a second base is provided on the front surface side and the rear surface side of the first air inlet in the shell, and the two ends of the air guide cavity are movably connected to the second bases on both sides in a manner that can rotate along the direction of reciprocating motion, the side of the air guide cavity is connected to the first air inlet, and the upper side opening is facing the grate; the front end of the Z-shaped rotating shaft is provided through the two ends of the air guide cavity, and the rear end is threadedly connected to the fixing plate and then extends out of the shell, and is fixed to the crank handle on the outside of the shell. The air outlet of the upper opening of the air guide cavity is fixedly connected so that the air outlet direction of the upper opening of the air guide cavity can be adjusted by shaking the handle; a feeding port is provided above the shell, and an opening and closing assembly is provided at the feeding port; the opening and closing assembly consists of two opening and closing plates and two driving assemblies; the two opening and closing plates are arranged opposite each other in the feeding port, and can close the feeding port when combined into one plate; one end of the two opening and closing plates is movably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the feeding port, and the other end is rotatably connected to the driving end of a driving assembly, and the fixed end of the driving assembly is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feeding port.

[0015] Preferably, during the combustion process, the air supply volume of the first air supply mechanism is adjusted in real time according to the temperature monitoring conditions in the furnace body, so that the temperature in the furnace body is maintained between 540°C and 560°C, so that the cow dung biomass fuel can be fully converted into combustible gas, and the heat generated after full combustion at the flame outlet of the furnace body is transported to subsequent equipment that requires heat.

[0016] It can be seen from the above technical solution that in the preparation process of the cow dung biomass fuel provided by the embodiment of the present invention, first, fresh cow dung is collected and dried for the first time until the moisture content of the cow dung is a first threshold value, and then the cow dung that has been dried for the first time is laid on the ground and rolled by a road roller to improve the viscosity of the cow dung; then the cow dung after rolling is collected and sent to the biomass fuel forming device for granulation to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel particles, and finally the primary biomass fuel particles obtained by granulation are dried for the second time until the moisture content of the cow dung is a second threshold value, and the cow dung biomass fuel finally used for combustion can be obtained. It can be seen that in the preparation process of the cow dung biomass fuel provided by this solution, no adhesive or other substances are added, which not only conforms to the concept of biomass fuel, but also has lower cost. Moreover, this solution adopts the method of rolling the cow dung by a road roller to improve the viscosity of the cow dung, which can make the density of the cow dung greater and the surface smoother, and the mechanical structure strength and forming rate of the granulated cow dung biomass fuel are also higher. Furthermore, the cow dung biomass fuel prepared by the above method is put into a biomass fuel combustion furnace for oxygen-deficient combustion first, and then the combustible gas generated after the oxygen-deficient combustion is subjected to secondary combustion, which can fully release the energy of the cow dung biomass fuel and help improve the energy conversion efficiency of the biomass fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1A flow chart of a process for preparing cow dung biomass fuel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a biomass fuel molding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an extrusion mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention from one perspective.

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an extrusion mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a cutting mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a feeding mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is the appearance of cow dung biomass fuel prepared without the rolling process.

[0024] Figure 8 This is the appearance of cow dung biomass fuel prepared through the rolling process.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a front view of a biomass fuel combustion stove provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a rear view of a biomass fuel combustion stove provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a furnace body provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a furnace provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a wind direction adjustment mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of an opening and closing assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: driving mechanism 10, extrusion mechanism 20, hopper 21, pushing assembly 22, guide pipe 23, feeding port 24, disc 25, hopper door 26, cutting mechanism 30, first driving motor 31, inverted L-shaped fixing plate 32, double-edged knife 33, hollow transmission column 34, transmission plate 35, chute 36, fixed base 40, leveling assembly 50, feeding mechanism 60, fixing frame 61, feeding hopper 62, spiral conveying assembly 63, centralized control assembly 70, receiving assembly 80, furnace body 90, first air inlet 91, second air inlet 92, flame outlet 93, shell 94, fixing plate 95, furnace Row 96, first grate 961, second grate 962, first rotating shaft 963, bearing 964, second rotating shaft 965, fixing frame 97, drive motor 98, first base 99, I-beam 991, limiting groove 992, ball bearing 993, feeding port 910, ash collecting chamber 911, first air supply mechanism 100, second air supply mechanism 110, wind direction adjustment mechanism 120, second base 121, air guide chamber 122, Z-shaped rotating shaft 123, crank handle 124, opening and closing assembly 130, opening and closing plate 131, drive assembly 132, conveying mechanism 140, temperature sensor 150. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a process for preparing cow dung biomass fuel, which comprises the following steps: S1: Collect fresh cow dung and perform initial drying until the moisture content of the cow dung reaches a first threshold; S2: Spreading the primary dried cow dung on the ground and compacting it with a roller to increase its viscosity; S3: collecting the crushed cow dung into a pile and sending it to a biomass fuel forming device for granulation to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel pellets; S4: The primary biomass fuel particles obtained by granulation are subjected to secondary drying until the moisture content of the cow dung reaches a second threshold value, thereby obtaining cow dung biomass fuel ultimately used for combustion.

[0034] In this embodiment, the viscosity of the cow dung is increased by compacting the cow dung with a road roller, without adding any substance for increasing the viscosity of the cow dung. This not only conforms to the concept of biomass fuel and is more environmentally friendly, but also does not increase the cost of preparing cow dung biomass fuel due to the addition of additional substances.

[0035] In addition, rolling can cause the cow dung to exhibit a higher viscosity after rolling due to the combined effects of factors such as water redistribution, particle refinement, release of surfactants, changes in the colloidal system, and shear thickening effects. Specifically, (1) rolling can lead to water redistribution and changes in internal structure. Cow dung contains a large amount of water and organic matter. During the rolling process, the external force causes the water in the cow dung to be redistributed and fill the gaps between the particles. Moreover, rolling will destroy the original structure of the cow dung, increase the contact area between the particles, and thus enhance the cohesion and increase the viscosity of the cow dung; (2) rolling can refine the particles and increase the surface activity. Rolling will make the solid particles in the cow dung smaller and increase the surface area of ​​the particles. The increase in surface area means that the interaction force between the particles is enhanced, which leads to an increase in viscosity. At the same time, organic substances such as proteins and polysaccharides in the cow dung may be released during the rolling process. These substances have high surface activity, which further increases the viscosity. Especially for farms in Ningxia, silage is usually used for feeding. Silage is rich in starch, and the release of starch during the rolling process also helps to increase the viscosity of cow dung; (3) Changes in colloidal properties. The organic matter and water in cow dung will form a colloidal system. The dispersion state of the colloidal particles changes through rolling, and the interaction between the colloidal particles is enhanced, resulting in an increase in the viscosity of the system; (4) Shear thickening effect. When cow dung is subjected to the shear force of rolling, it will show shear thickening characteristics and the viscosity will increase. Moreover, because the particles are rearranged under the shear action, the flow resistance will increase; (5) Water evaporation and concentration increase. During the rolling process, some water may be squeezed out or evaporated, resulting in a relative increase in the concentration of solid matter in the cow dung, thereby increasing the overall viscosity. For example, after rolling, the moisture content of cow dung usually decreases by 10wt%-25wt%.

[0036] For step S1, the initial drying is to dry the cow dung naturally during the collection of fresh cow dung, that is, in the process of shoveling the cow dung out of the cowshed or cowpen and piling it together, the water content of the cow dung will usually drop from more than 90% to a first threshold of 70wt%-80wt%, and the cow dung with a moisture content of 70wt%-80wt% can be directly used for compaction.

[0037] For step S2, consider laying the cow dung through the initial drying on the cement floor, the laying thickness can be 8cm-10cm, then utilize double-track roller to repeatedly roll the cow dung to a smooth surface, to improve the viscosity of the cow dung. For example, a 15-ton double-track roller can be used to roll the cow dung, and during rolling, it can be determined whether to roll the cow dung by observing the smoothness and viscosity of the cow dung surface. Of course, it is easy to understand that the longer the rolling time, the greater the viscosity of the cow dung, and thus better effect in the granulation process.

[0038] In addition, in step S2, 10wt%-20wt% of water will be squeezed out or evaporated during the rolling process of the cow dung. After the rolling is completed, the moisture content of the cow dung is generally between 45wt%-65wt%, and the cow dung with this moisture content can be granulated using the biomass fuel molding device provided by this solution.

[0039] For step S3, Figure 2-6 As shown, the biomass fuel forming device used may include: a driving mechanism 10 and an extrusion mechanism 20; the extrusion mechanism 20 includes a silo 21, one end of which is movably provided with a pushing assembly 22, and the other end of the silo 21 is provided with a discharge port; the driving mechanism 10 is drivably connected to the pushing assembly 22 to drive the pushing assembly 22 to move in the silo 21 toward the discharge port, and the cow dung raw material in the silo 21 is squeezed out from the discharge port to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel particles.

[0040] In this embodiment, the crushed fresh cow dung can be added to the hopper 21 of the extrusion mechanism 20, and then the driving mechanism 10, which can be a hydraulic mechanism, is activated. The driving mechanism 10 will push the pushing assembly 22 toward the discharge port, and the pushing assembly 22 will squeeze the fresh cow dung added to the hopper 21 toward the discharge port. The fresh cow dung is shaped by the discharge port and then extruded from the discharge port, thereby obtaining cow dung biomass fuel that is easy to dry and burn.

[0041] In one embodiment, the silo 21 can be a hollow cylinder, and a feeding port 24 is provided at the upper end of the silo 21 for adding cow dung raw materials into the silo 21; the front end of the pushing component 22 extends into the interior of the silo 21 from one end of the silo 21, and a disc 25 is provided at the front end of the pushing component 22, and the difference between the outer diameter of the disc 25 and the inner diameter of the silo 21 is not greater than 1 cm; the other end of the silo 21 is provided with an openable and closable silo door 26, and the discharge port is provided on the silo door 26.

[0042] In this embodiment, by providing a disc 25 at the front end of the pusher assembly 22 and ensuring that the difference between the outer diameter of the disc 25 and the inner diameter of the silo 21 is no greater than 1 cm, this ensures that the pusher assembly 22 can be pushed smoothly inside the silo 21 while minimizing the risk of cow dung entering the gap between the outer surface of the disc 25 and the inner surface of the silo 21, and then entering the rear end of the disc 25 and affecting subsequent pushing. Furthermore, a reclosable door 26 is provided at the other end of the silo 21, and a discharge port is provided on the door 26. During the molding operation, the door 26 can be locked. When cleaning the discharge port and the interior of the silo 21, the door 26 can be opened to allow staff to inspect the interior of the silo 21 or to clean the discharge port and the interior of the silo 21.

[0043] In order to prepare cow dung biomass fuel that is easy to dry and burn, and at the same time to improve the preparation efficiency of cow dung biomass fuel, it is considered to set the discharge port as a plurality of guide pipes 23, each guide pipe 23 is evenly distributed on the side of the silo door 26 facing outward, and each guide pipe 23 is connected to the inside and outside of the silo 21, so that the cow dung raw material inside the silo 21 is pushed by the pushing assembly 22 and squeezed out from each guide pipe 23.

[0044] In this embodiment, the material guide tube 23 can be a tubular structure of a predetermined length, in a cylindrical, prismatic, or other shape. The material guide tube 23 should be detachably mounted on the bin door 26 to facilitate replacement of a material guide tube 23 of varying structure and length as needed. For example, the material guide tube 23 can be provided with external threads, while the through-holes in the bin door 26 that connect to the interior of the silo 21 can be provided with internal threads. The material guide tubes 23 can be mounted to the through-holes in the bin door 26 by means of threaded engagement. Furthermore, the material guide tubes 23 should be evenly distributed on the bin door 26.

[0045] In practical applications, it is often necessary to use cow dung biomass fuel of fixed length. In order to ensure the consistency of the specifications of the prepared cow dung biomass fuel particles. In one embodiment, the forming device of the cow dung biomass fuel particles may further include a cutting mechanism 30, which is used to cut the cow dung biomass fuel extruded from the guide tube 23 according to a preset length. Specifically, the cutting mechanism 30 may further include: a first drive motor 31, an inverted L-shaped fixing plate 32, a double-edged knife 33, a hollow transmission column 34 and a transmission plate 35; the first drive motor 31 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the warehouse door 26, and the inverted L-shaped fixing plate 32 is mounted on the first drive motor 31 with adjustable bolt spacing; a through hole is provided on the inverted L-shaped fixing plate 32, and the outer surface of the drive shaft of the first drive motor 31 is provided with a first keyway, and the inner surface of the hollow transmission column 34 is provided with a second keyway engaged with the first keyway; the first drive The driving shaft of the motor 31 is inserted from one end of the hollow transmission column 34 and meshed with the hollow transmission column 34. The hollow transmission column 34 passes through the through hole and the other end is movably connected to one end of the transmission plate 35. The other end of the transmission plate 35 is slidingly connected to the slide groove 36 in the middle of the double-edged knife 33; the upper end of the double-edged knife 33 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the inverted L-shaped fixed plate 32, so that the double-edged knife 33 is driven by the first drive motor 31 to cut back and forth on the end surface of the guide tube 23, cutting the cow dung biomass fuel squeezed out of the guide tube 23 into a preset length.

[0046] In this embodiment, the drive shaft of the first drive motor 31 has a first keyway, and the interior of the hollow transmission column 34 has a second keyway. The first drive motor 31 and the hollow transmission column 34 are connected by a keyway meshing connection. The other end of the hollow transmission column 34 is movably connected to a transmission plate 35, and the other end of the transmission plate 35 is slidably connected to a sliding groove in the middle of the double-edged blade 33. In this way, when the first drive motor 31 rotates, it drives the hollow transmission column 34 to rotate. Due to the keyway, the hollow transmission column 34 causes the transmission plate 35 to move in a circular motion about the hollow transmission column 34, which in turn drives the double-edged blade 33 in a pendulum motion, thereby cutting the cow dung biomass fuel extruded from the guide tube 23.

[0047] Furthermore, since the material guide tube 23 is replaceable and has different lengths, in this embodiment, an inverted L-shaped fixing plate 32 is mounted on the first drive motor 31 via bolts with adjustable spacing to accommodate different lengths of the material guide tube 23. For example, a threaded hole with an internal thread is defined in the first drive motor 31, and a through hole is defined in the inverted L-shaped fixing plate 32. A bolt with an external thread is inserted through the through hole and then engages with the threaded hole in the first drive motor 31. By adjusting the length of the threaded engagement, the distance between the inverted L-shaped fixing plate 32 and the first drive motor 31 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the position of the double-edged blade 33 to accommodate different lengths of the material guide tube 23.

[0048] Furthermore, the molding device also includes a fixed base 40, and the hopper 21 is fixedly arranged on the fixed base 40; a leveling component 50 is provided at the lower end of the fixed base 40 to level the molding device according to the specific installation environment.

[0049] Because the forming device provided in this embodiment has a certain height, the workers' workload will increase when adding fresh cow dung to the silo 21, and the feeding efficiency will be affected. Using equipment such as an excavator is not easy to operate due to the overall structure of the device. Moreover, the feeding port 24 is limited by the volume of the silo 21 and is usually difficult to make very large. When using equipment such as an excavator to feed the cow dung, it is often difficult to accurately and leak-proof the cow dung into the silo 21. Based on this, in one embodiment, the present solution considers further providing a feeding mechanism 60, which includes a mounting frame 61, a feeding hopper 62, and a screw conveyor assembly 63; the mounting frame 61 is disposed on the ground, and the feeding hopper 62 is mounted on the upper end of the mounting frame 61; the interior of the feeding hopper 62 is funnel-shaped; the bottom end of the feeding hopper 62 is connected to one end of the feed inlet of the screw conveyor assembly 63, and the discharge port of the screw conveyor assembly 63 is disposed above the feeding port 24, for conveying the cow dung raw material added to the feeding hopper 62 into the silo 21.

[0050] In this embodiment, the opening of the feeding hopper 62 can be made relatively large to facilitate the adjustment of the cow dung raw material by equipment such as an excavator. Moreover, the feeding hopper 62 can be set relatively low to facilitate the feeding operation of the staff and equipment, thereby reducing the output of the staff and equipment and improving work efficiency. In addition, this solution considers transporting the cow dung raw material to the silo 21 through the spiral conveying component 63. On the one hand, it can save the labor of the staff and equipment and improve work efficiency; on the other hand, the spiral conveying component 63 stirs the cow dung raw material by rotating the conveying method in the process of transporting the cow dung to the silo 21, which helps to increase the viscosity of the cow dung raw material and facilitates the subsequent molding of the cow dung biomass fuel particles. Moreover, the spiral conveying method can also accelerate the evaporation of water in the cow dung raw material, thereby helping to shorten the subsequent drying time of the cow dung biomass fuel particles. Among them, the spiral conveying component 63 is a screw conveyor.

[0051] In one embodiment, to facilitate control of the various drive components of the forming device, the forming device may further include a centralized control assembly 70, which is used to control the start and stop of the drive mechanism 10, the first drive motor 31, and the screw conveying assembly 63, as well as to adjust operating parameters. For example, the centralized control assembly 70 can control the start and stop, movement rate, etc. of the hydraulic drive mechanism 10; the start and stop, and movement rate of the screw conveying assembly 63; and the start and stop, speed, and start and stop cycle of the first drive motor 31, so as to coordinate with the pushing rate of the drive mechanism 10 and achieve the target length of the cow dung biomass pellets.

[0052] In addition, in order to facilitate the collection of the prepared cow dung biomass fuel particles, in one embodiment, a material receiving assembly 80 may be provided at the lower end of the discharge port to guide the extruded cow dung biomass fuel particles to a corresponding location, such as a conveyor belt.

[0053] When using the biomass fuel molding device to prepare primary cow dung biomass fuel pellets, the material guide tube 23 of the appropriate length is first installed as required, and the parameters of the first drive motor 31 and the drive mechanism 10 are set. The screw conveyor assembly 63 is then activated, and a worker, either manually or using equipment such as an excavator, adds cow dung material to the hopper 62. After a sufficient amount of compacted cow dung material has been added to the silo 21, the screw conveyor assembly 63 is closed. The drive mechanism 10 is then activated to compress the cow dung material in the silo 21. The dung is then formed and extruded from the material guide tube 23. Simultaneously, the cutting mechanism 30 operates periodically, based on the parameter settings of the first drive motor 31, to cut the extruded cow dung material, thereby producing cow dung biomass fuel pellets of a predetermined length.

[0054] For step S4, in this step, the primary cow dung biomass fuel pellets obtained by granulation are considered to be subjected to secondary drying, such as stacking them and letting them dry naturally in a drying yard. Generally, the moisture content can be dried to 15wt%-25wt% that can meet the combustion requirements in a ventilated environment above 15°C after 1 to 2 days.

[0055] After drying, the molding rate, surface smoothness, mechanical strength, and density of the cow dung biomass fuel obtained were significantly improved compared to the non-rolling method. The specific comparison results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0056] Table 1

[0057] As can be seen from Table 1, the density of the cow dung biomass fuel prepared after rolling has been greatly improved, so that the space occupied by the cow dung biomass fuel during storage and drying is smaller, and the same vehicle can transport more biomass fuel after rolling during transportation, which greatly improves transportation efficiency and saves transportation costs. It has been verified that when the density of cow dung biomass fuel is 500-600kg / m 2 When it is gasified and burned, that is, when the cow dung biomass fuel is converted into combustible gas in the absence of oxygen, it is more suitable for combustion, and the gasification will be more complete, reaching more than 98%. Density that is too large or too small will lead to incomplete gasification and combustion, and the combustion efficiency will be greatly reduced. Moreover, the mechanical durability of the biomass fuel obtained after the rolling process is much greater than the mechanical durability of the biomass fuel that has not undergone the rolling process. Whether for storage or transportation, biomass fuel with high mechanical properties is obviously more advantageous. At the same time, this also affects the molding rate of cow dung biomass fuel to a certain extent. In addition, if Figure 7-8 As shown in the figure, the cow dung biomass fuel has better molding degree and smoother surface after rolling.

[0058] The present invention also provides a combustion process for cow dung biomass fuel, wherein cow dung biomass fuel prepared using the preparation process for cow dung biomass fuel as in any of the above embodiments is put into a biomass fuel combustion furnace for oxygen-deficient combustion, and the combustible gas generated after the oxygen-deficient combustion of the cow dung biomass fuel is secondary burned to generate heat, so that the energy of the cow dung biomass fuel is fully released and the conversion efficiency of the biomass fuel is improved; and during the combustion process, the air supply volume of the first air supply mechanism is adjusted in real time according to the temperature monitoring situation in the furnace body, so that the temperature in the furnace body is maintained between 540°C and 560°C, so that the cow dung biomass fuel is fully converted into combustible gas, and the heat generated after full combustion at the flame outlet of the furnace body is transported to subsequent equipment that requires heat.

[0059] Among them, such as Figure 9-14As shown, the biomass fuel combustion furnace used may include a furnace body 90, a first air supply mechanism 100, a second air supply mechanism 110 and a wind direction adjustment mechanism 120; a first air inlet 91 is provided at the lower part of the furnace body 90 near the feeding side, and the first air inlet 91 is located below the grate 96 in the furnace body 90, and the air outlet end of the first air supply mechanism 100 is connected to the first air inlet 91; the wind direction adjustment mechanism 120 is provided below the grate 96, and its air inlet end is connected to the first air inlet 91, and the air outlet end faces the upper grate 96, and the air outlet direction of the air outlet end is adjustable; a second air inlet 92 is provided at the upper part near the flame outlet 93 of the furnace body 90, and the air outlet end of the second air supply mechanism 110 is connected to the second air inlet 92.

[0060] In this embodiment, air supply mechanisms are provided on the feeding side and the flame outlet 93 side, respectively. Different air supply mechanisms can be used to adjust the air supply volume at the corresponding positions, ensuring that the biomass fuel is in a relatively optimal oxygen-deficient combustion state while allowing the combustible gas at the outlet of the combustion furnace to fully burn, thereby allowing the energy of the biomass fuel to be fully released and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the biomass fuel. For example, when the ventilation volume is too high during the conversion of the biomass fuel into combustible gas, resulting in insufficient conversion into combustible gas, the first air supply mechanism 100 can be used to reduce the air supply volume of the first air inlet 91 to reduce the oxygen supply for the combustion of the biomass fuel, so that the biomass fuel is in a relatively good oxygen-deficient combustion state, thereby fully converting the biomass fuel into combustible gas. When the combustible gas at the flame outlet 93 of the furnace body 90 fails to fully burn, the second air supply mechanism 110 can be used to increase the air supply volume of the second air inlet 92 to provide sufficient oxygen for the combustion of the combustible gas, ensuring that the combustible gas at the flame outlet of the furnace body 90 can fully burn, thereby improving the combustion efficiency.

[0061] This solution also includes an air direction adjustment mechanism 120 below the grate 96. The air inlet of the air direction adjustment mechanism 120 is connected to the first air inlet 91, and the air outlet faces the upper grate 96. The air outlet direction of the air outlet is adjustable. This allows the air outlet direction to be adjusted according to the position or combustion status of the biomass fuel on the grate 96 to ensure that the biomass fuel is in a good oxygen-deficient combustion state at the beginning and is fully converted into combustible gas. For example, in the early stages of ignition, if the biomass fuel is not located at the air outlet, that is, if the air entering from the first air inlet 91 is not directly supplied to the biomass fuel, resulting in combustion failure, the air outlet direction can be adjusted by the air direction adjustment mechanism 120 to ensure that the biomass fuel can be ignited. For another example, if the biomass fuel on the front grate 96 is fully burned in a short period of time, but based on experience it is known that the air supply volume is at a normal value, the direction of the air outlet can be adjusted so that the air outlet is as close as possible to the side of the flame outlet 93 of the furnace body 90 to reduce the ventilation volume of the biomass fuel in a short period of time, and the ventilation direction can be restored after the combustion slows down, thus avoiding frequent adjustments to the first air supply mechanism 100.

[0062] The first air supply mechanism 100 and the second air supply mechanism 110 can be variable frequency fans, which can realize stepless speed regulation of the fans by frequency conversion of the frequency converter, so as to adapt to the air supply volume of oxygen-deficient combustion and combustible gas combustion, and are particularly suitable for the oxygen-deficient combustion state in which biomass fuel is converted into combustible gas.

[0063] The flame outlet 93 of the furnace body 90 can be connected to a heat-requiring device such as a boiler to provide heat to the boiler for generating steam.

[0064] The furnace body 90 may specifically include: a shell 94, a fixing plate 95, a grate 96, a fixing frame 97, a drive motor 98, and a first base 99; the first base 99 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the shell 94, and the fixing frame 97 is slidably arranged above the first base 99; fixing plates 95 are fixedly mounted on the front and rear surfaces of the shell 94, and the grate 96 is arranged above the fixing frame 97 and is movably connected to the fixing frame 97 and the fixing plates 95 on both sides; the drive motor 98 is connected to the fixing frame 97 to drive the fixing frame 97 to reciprocate in the left and right directions. In this way, when the biomass fuel is added to the front end of the grate 96, the reciprocating motion of the grate 96 continuously transports it to the other end of the grate 96 during the combustion process, and the burned ash also falls into the ash collection chamber 911 below, while also ensuring the continuous filling and combustion of the biomass fuel.

[0065] As for the grate 96, it can specifically include M groups of first grates 961 and N groups of second grates 962. A first rotating shaft 963 is fixedly installed under each group of first grates 961. The two ends of the first rotating shaft 963 are respectively rotatably connected to bearings 964 on the fixed plates 95 fixed on both sides. Each group of second grates 962 is rotatably sleeved on the second rotating shaft 965 fixed on the fixed frame 97 below; each group of first grates 961 and second grates 962 are alternately arranged in a head-to-tail overlapping manner, and the first grate 961 serves as the first grate 96 on the right; wherein M and N are both positive integers not less than 1.

[0066] In this embodiment, the first grate 961 and the second grate 962 are alternately arranged in an end-to-end overlapping manner. For example, if M and N are both 2, then taking the front view as an example, from left to right, there are the first grate 961, the second grate 962, the first grate 961, and the second grate 962. The two sets of first grates 961 are rotatably connected to the fixed plates 95 on both sides via bearings 964, and the two sets of second grates 962 are rotatably connected to the fixed frame 97. In this way, when the drive motor 98 drives the fixed frame 97 to reciprocate in the left and right directions, when the fixed frame 97 moves forward to the left, the second grate 962 will push the biomass fuel on the first grate 961 on its left side forward. At the same time, when the drive motor 98 drives the fixed frame 97 back to the right, the biomass fuel on the second grate 962 will be pushed to the left by the first grate 961 on its right side, that is, pushed toward the outlet of the furnace body 90. In this way, with the continuous reciprocating motion of the driving mechanism, the biomass fuel can be continuously burned and transported forward, thereby achieving continuous combustion of the biomass combustion furnace.

[0067] Because the drive mechanism needs to drive the fixed frame 97 to reciprocate, and the fixed frame 97 is mounted on the first base 99, to ensure that the fixed frame 97 can reciprocate smoothly on the first base 99 as driven by the drive mechanism, the first base 99 may further include an I-beam 991, a limiting groove 992, and a ball 993. The I-beam 991 is fixed to the bottom surface of the interior of the housing 94, and the limiting groove 992 is fixed on the I-beam 991, which opens upward. The ball 993 is disposed within the limiting groove 992 and protrudes from the upper surface of the limiting groove 992. When the drive motor 98 drives the fixed frame 97 to reciprocate left and right, the ball 993 supporting the fixed frame 97 reciprocates left and right within the limiting groove 992. In this way, the ball 993 reciprocates within the limiting groove 992 driven by the fixed frame 97, reducing the resistance to the movement of the fixed frame 97. Of course, the contact surface between the ball 993 and the fixing frame 97 can be provided with reinforcements or consumables to avoid wear and tear on the fixing frame 97 caused by long-term operation.

[0068] Furthermore, considering that the upper side of the limiting groove 992 is the grate 96 and the burning ash will fall from the grate 96, in order to prevent the ash from falling into the limiting groove 992 and affecting the movement of the ball 993 in the limiting groove 992, it is considered to set the bottom of the limiting groove 992 as a hollow structure, such as providing a long through hole, so that the falling ash can fall into the ash collection chamber 911 below.

[0069] As for the wind direction adjustment mechanism 120, it may specifically include: a second base 121, an air guide cavity 122, a Z-shaped rotating shaft 123 and a crank 124; a second base 121 is provided on the front surface side and the rear surface side of the first air inlet 91 in the outer shell 94, and the two ends of the air guide cavity 122 are movably connected to the second bases 121 on both sides in a manner that can rotate along the direction of reciprocating motion. The side of the air guide cavity 122 is connected to the first air inlet 91, and the upper opening faces the grate 96; the front end of the Z-shaped rotating shaft 123 is provided through the two ends of the air guide cavity 122, and the rear end is threadedly connected to the fixing plate 95 and then extends out of the outer shell 94, and is fixedly connected to the crank 124 on the outside of the outer shell 94, so as to adjust the air outlet direction of the upper opening of the air guide cavity 122 by shaking the crank 124.

[0070] In addition, a feeding port 910 is provided above the outer shell 94 of the furnace body 90. An opening and closing assembly 130 is provided at the feeding port 910 for controlling the opening and closing of the feeding port 910. Specifically, the opening and closing assembly 130 may include two opening and closing plates 131 and two driving assemblies 132. The two opening and closing plates 131 are arranged opposite each other in the feeding port 910 and can close the feeding port 910 when combined into one plate. One end of the two opening and closing plates 131 is movably connected to the inner wall of each side of the feeding port 910, and the other end is rotatably connected to the driving end of a driving assembly 132. The fixed end of the driving assembly 132 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feeding port 910. Thus, when the feeding is completed and the feeding port 910 needs to be closed, the two drive assemblies 132 drive the two opening and closing plates 131 to merge, sealing the feeding port 910; when the feeding port 910 needs to be opened for feeding, the two drive assemblies 132 drive the two opening and closing plates 131 to separate, allowing the biomass fuel to be fed into the furnace body 90. The drive assembly can be hydraulically driven or motor driven.

[0071] There are two ways to open the opening and closing plate 131. The first way is to rotate the opening and closing plate 131 upward to open the feeding port 910, and rotate it downward to seal the feeding port 910; the second way is to rotate the opening and closing plate 131 downward to open the feeding port 910, and rotate it upward to seal the feeding port 910.

[0072] Furthermore, to facilitate the addition of biomass fuel from the feed port 910, in one embodiment, the combustion furnace provided by this solution further includes a conveying mechanism 140 for feeding, wherein the feeding end of the conveying mechanism 140 is located on the ground side, and the discharging end is located above the feed port 910. For example, the conveying mechanism 140 can be a conveyor belt to transport the biomass fuel from the ground side to the feed port 910 on the upper side of the furnace body 90 for feeding, thereby avoiding manual fuel addition, reducing the workload of personnel, and improving work efficiency.

[0073] Furthermore, to facilitate accurate adjustment of the air flow rate of the first air supply mechanism 100, the air flow rate of the first air supply mechanism 100 can be controlled by monitoring the temperature within the furnace body 90. For example, generally, when the temperature within the furnace body 90 is maintained at approximately 550 degrees Celsius, the biomass fuel within the furnace body 90 is in a relatively good oxygen-deficient combustion state, effectively converting the biomass fuel into combustible gas. Therefore, a temperature sensor 150 can also be provided on the furnace body 90 to monitor the temperature within the furnace body 90 and adjust the air flow rate of the first air supply mechanism 100 based on the monitored temperature. For example, the first air supply mechanism 100 and the temperature sensor 150 are both communicatively or electrically connected to a control terminal, and the temperature sensor 150 uploads the monitored temperature data to the control terminal in real time. The control terminal determines that if the temperature is below 550 degrees Celsius and the difference is greater than a preset threshold, the first air supply mechanism 100 is controlled to increase the air flow rate. Conversely, if the temperature is above 550 degrees Celsius and the difference is greater than the preset threshold, the first air supply mechanism 100 is controlled to decrease the air flow rate.

[0074] When the prepared cow dung biomass fuel is burned to generate heat, the biomass fuel is fed into the furnace body 90 from the feeding port 910 through the conveying mechanism 140, and the opening and closing assembly 130 is opened to feed the biomass fuel onto the grate 96 in the furnace body 90. After the feeding is completed, the conveying mechanism 140 and the opening and closing assembly 130 are closed. The staff performs the ignition operation, and after the ignition is completed, the driving mechanism is started. During the combustion process, the air supply volume of the first air supply mechanism 100 is adjusted in real time according to the temperature monitoring situation in the furnace body 90, so that the biomass fuel is fully converted into combustible gas and transported to the flame outlet 93 of the furnace body 90. The ignition operation is performed at the flame outlet 93 of the furnace body 90 to burn the combustible gas, and then the heat generated after the combustion is transported to the subsequently connected boiler and other equipment that requires heat.

[0075] The modules or units in the apparatus of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined, divided, or deleted as needed. The above disclosure is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that any equivalent variations made by implementing all or part of the processes of the above embodiments in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing cow dung biomass fuel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Collect fresh cow dung and perform initial drying until the moisture content of the cow dung reaches a first threshold; S2: Spreading the primary dried cow dung on the ground and compacting it with a roller to increase its viscosity; S3: collecting the crushed cow dung into a pile and sending it to a biomass fuel forming device for granulation to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel pellets; S4: The primary biomass fuel particles obtained by granulation are subjected to secondary drying until the moisture content of the cow dung reaches a second threshold value, thereby obtaining cow dung biomass fuel ultimately used for combustion.

2. The process for preparing cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein: In S1, the primary drying is natural drying during the collection of fresh cow dung; the first threshold value is 70wt%-80wt%.

3. The process for preparing cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein: In S2, the cow dung is laid on the ground with a thickness of 8cm-10cm, and the cow dung is repeatedly rolled by a roller until the surface is smooth to improve the viscosity of the cow dung.

4. The process for preparing the cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein: In S3, the biomass fuel forming device is composed of a driving mechanism, an extrusion mechanism and a feeding mechanism; the feeding mechanism includes a mounting frame, a hopper and a screw conveying assembly; the mounting frame is set on the ground, and the hopper is installed on the upper end of the mounting frame; the interior of the hopper is a funnel-shaped structure; the bottom end of the hopper is connected to one end of the feed inlet of the screw conveying assembly, the extrusion mechanism includes a silo, and the discharge port of the screw conveying assembly is set above the feeding port of the silo, which is used to transport the compacted cow dung added to the hopper into the silo of the extrusion mechanism; a pushing assembly is movably provided at one end of the silo, and a discharge port is provided at the other end of the silo; the driving mechanism is connected to the pushing assembly to drive the pushing assembly to move in the silo toward the discharge port, and the cow dung in the silo is squeezed out from the discharge port to obtain primary cow dung biomass fuel particles.

5. The process for preparing the cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 4, wherein: The front end of the pushing assembly extends into the interior of the silo from one end of the silo, and a disc is provided at the front end of the pushing assembly, and the difference between the outer diameter of the disc and the inner diameter of the silo is not greater than 1 cm; the other end of the silo is provided with an openable and closable silo door, and the silo door is provided with a discharge port composed of a plurality of guide tubes, each guide tube is evenly distributed on the side of the silo door facing outward, and each guide tube is connected to the inside and outside of the silo, so that the cow dung raw material inside the silo is pushed by the pushing assembly and squeezed out from each guide tube.

6. The process for preparing the cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 5, wherein: The biomass fuel forming device also includes a cutting mechanism; the cutting mechanism includes: a first drive motor, an inverted L-shaped fixing plate, a double-edged knife, a hollow transmission column and a transmission plate; the first drive motor is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the warehouse door, and the inverted L-shaped fixing plate is mounted on the first drive motor with adjustable bolt spacing; a through hole is provided on the inverted L-shaped fixing plate, a first keyway is provided on the outer surface of the drive shaft of the first drive motor, and a second keyway is provided on the inner surface of the hollow transmission column that engages with the first keyway; the drive shaft of the first drive motor is inserted from one end of the hollow transmission column and engaged with the hollow transmission column, the hollow transmission column passes through the through hole, and the other end is movably connected to one end of the transmission plate, and the other end of the transmission plate is slidably connected to the slide groove in the middle of the double-edged knife; the upper end of the double-edged knife is rotatably connected to the upper end of the inverted L-shaped fixing plate, so that the double-edged knife is driven by the first drive motor to cut back and forth on the end surface of the guide tube, cutting the cow dung biomass fuel extruded from the guide tube into a preset length.

7. The process for preparing cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein: In S4, the secondary drying is to place the primary biomass fuel particles obtained by granulation in a ventilated environment and dry them naturally; the second threshold value is 15wt%-25wt%.

8. A combustion process for cow dung biomass fuel, characterized in that: The cow dung biomass fuel prepared by the preparation process of cow dung biomass fuel as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is put into a biomass fuel combustion furnace for oxygen-deficient combustion, and the combustible gas generated after the oxygen-deficient combustion of the cow dung biomass fuel is subjected to secondary combustion to generate heat, so that the energy of the cow dung biomass fuel is fully released and the energy conversion efficiency of the biomass fuel is improved; wherein, the biomass fuel combustion furnace comprises: a furnace body, a first air supply mechanism, a second air supply mechanism and a wind direction adjustment mechanism; a first air inlet is provided at the lower part near the feeding side of the furnace body, the first air inlet is located below the grate in the furnace body, and the air outlet end of the first air supply mechanism is connected to the first air inlet; the wind direction adjustment mechanism is provided below the grate, its air inlet end is connected to the first air inlet, the air outlet end faces the upper grate, and the air outlet direction of the air outlet end is adjustable; a second air inlet is provided at the upper part near the flame outlet side of the furnace body, and the air outlet end of the second air supply mechanism is connected to the second air inlet wherein, the furnace body comprises: an outer shell, a fixed plate, a grate, a fixed frame, a driving motor and a first base; the first base is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the inner shell, and the fixed frame is slidably arranged above the first base; fixed plates are fixedly mounted on the front and rear surfaces of the inner shell, the grate is arranged above the fixed frame, and is movably connected to the fixed frame and the fixed plates on both sides respectively; the driving motor is drivably connected to the fixed frame to drive the fixed frame to reciprocate in the left and right directions; the grate comprises M groups of first grates and N groups of second grates, a first rotating shaft is fixedly mounted below each group of first grates, two ends of the first rotating shaft are respectively rotatably connected to bearings fixed on the fixed plates on both sides, and each group of second grates is rotatably sleeved on the second rotating shaft fixed on the fixed frame below; each group of first grates and second grates are alternately arranged in a head-to-tail overlap manner, and the first grate is the first grate on the right; wherein, M and N are both positive integers not less than 1.

9. The combustion process of cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The wind direction adjustment mechanism includes: a second base, an air guide cavity, a Z-shaped rotating shaft and a crank handle; a second base is provided on the front surface side and the rear surface side of the first air inlet in the shell, and the two ends of the air guide cavity are respectively movably connected to the second bases on both sides in a manner that can rotate in the direction of reciprocating motion, and the side of the air guide cavity is connected to the first air inlet, and the upper opening faces the grate; the front end of the Z-shaped rotating shaft is arranged through the two ends of the air guide cavity, and the rear end is threadedly connected to the fixed plate and then extends out of the shell, and is fixedly connected to the crank handle on the outside of the shell so that the air outlet direction of the upper opening of the air guide cavity can be adjusted by shaking the handle; a feeding port is provided above the shell, and an opening and closing assembly is provided at the feeding port; the opening and closing assembly consists of two opening and closing plates and two driving assemblies; the two opening and closing plates are arranged in the feeding port in opposite directions and can close the feeding port when combined into one plate; one end of the two opening and closing plates is movably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the feeding port, and the other end is rotatably connected to the driving end of a driving assembly, and the fixed end of the driving assembly is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the feeding port.

10. The combustion process of cow dung biomass fuel according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the combustion process, the air supply volume of the first air supply mechanism is adjusted in real time according to the temperature monitoring conditions in the furnace body, so that the temperature in the furnace body is maintained between 540℃ and 560℃, so that the cow dung biomass fuel can be fully converted into combustible gas, and after being fully burned at the flame outlet of the furnace body, the heat generated can be transported to subsequent equipment that requires heat.

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