Molecular marker related to utilization efficiency character of shelduck feed and application of molecular marker

Abstract

The invention discloses a molecular marker related to the feed utilization efficiency character of shelducks and application of the molecular marker, and the molecular marker is detected, dominant genotypes are screened, the frequency of dominant alleles is improved, the feed conversion rate or residual feed intake is reduced, and then the feed utilization efficiency of the shelducks is improved. The molecular marker is applied to breeding of sheldrake feed utilization efficiency, breeding of sheldrake varieties with high feed utilization efficiency, genetic improvement of sheldrake feed utilization efficiency characters and the like. The sheldrake feed utilization efficiency can be improved, a new sheldrake variety with high feed utilization efficiency can be obtained, the feed utilization efficiency of sheldrake groups is subjected to genetic improvement, a scientific basis is provided for sheldrake variety improvement, the sheldrake breeding age limit is shortened, and the breeding process is accelerated through an auxiliary breeding technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, and in particular to a molecular marker related to the feed utilization efficiency trait of shelducks and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Poultry development is an integral part of animal husbandry, and its level of development is of great significance to the development of both animal husbandry and agriculture in my country. Feed costs account for approximately 70% of poultry production costs. Improving feed conversion efficiency can effectively reduce feed costs in poultry farming. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the most commonly used metric for evaluating feed utilization efficiency. It is the ratio of the weight of feed consumed by an individual animal to the weight of livestock products produced. In meat-producing livestock and poultry, this is known as the feed-to-weight ratio. FCR directly reflects the input-output ratio of livestock and poultry farming and is widely used in livestock production. Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between the expected feed intake required for growth and maintenance and the actual feed intake. It can be used to compare individual differences between livestock and poultry at different production levels and is considered a more suitable indicator for measuring feed utilization efficiency in livestock and poultry. Currently, FCR and RFI are commonly used to assess feed utilization efficiency both domestically and internationally. Lower FCRs and RFIs indicate higher feed utilization efficiency.

[0003] Current research on feed utilization efficiency in shepherd ducks has identified several key genes and pathways involved in FCR and RFI, but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, the relationship between polygenic inheritance and phenotype is complex, and detailed genetic maps and genome-wide association study (GWAS) results are lacking. To overcome this predicament, selection and genetic improvement of existing breeds are essential. Genetic improvement of poultry breeds relies on the discovery of relevant key genes. With the advancement of science and technology, the application of genomic correlation techniques to quantitative traits in plants and animals has become increasingly widespread and effective, and further approaches such as genomic selection have significantly improved production performance. GWAS is an analytical method based on the principle of linkage disequilibrium (LD). By examining genetic variation polymorphisms across the genome of linked populations consisting of hundreds of individuals, tens of thousands or even millions of molecular markers are obtained. The associations between target traits and molecular markers in the population are then identified, and the relationship between genetic variation and population characteristics is determined, providing insights for animal breeding and trait improvement. Currently, there is considerable room for research both domestically and internationally on traits related to feed utilization efficiency in shepherd ducks using large-scale sequencing.

[0004] Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) can provide breeders with a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms and key genes underlying feed utilization efficiency in Shelduck, providing a scientific basis for duck breed improvement and accelerating breeding efforts. Therefore, the application of GWAS in Shelduck genetics and breeding is urgently needed and has broad prospects, and the development of relevant GWAS methods and molecular markers is also urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a molecular marker related to the feed utilization efficiency trait of Shelduck and its application, so as to improve the feed utilization efficiency of Shelduck, provide a scientific basis for the improvement of Shelduck breeds, and accelerate the breeding process.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a molecular marker associated with the feed utilization efficiency trait of shelduck is provided. The molecular marker is any one or more of the following: a C / T mutation located at position 145,082,750 bp on chromosome 1 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1; a G / T mutation located at position 60,935,804 bp on chromosome 3 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1; or a T / C mutation located at position 10,792,285 bp on chromosome 6 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1. Thus, by detecting these molecular markers and screening for dominant genotypes, feed utilization efficiency in shelducks can be improved, providing a scientific basis for shelduck breed improvement and accelerating breeding efforts.

[0007] In certain embodiments, the feed utilization efficiency trait comprises a feed conversion rate or a residual feed intake trait, and the lower the feed conversion rate or the residual feed intake, the higher the feed utilization efficiency.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the application of the molecular marker in the breeding of shepherd ducks for feed utilization efficiency is provided. Thus, the application can be used to breed shepherd ducks for feed utilization efficiency, thereby breeding shepherd ducks with high feed utilization efficiency and new shepherd duck varieties.

[0009] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a product for detecting the molecular marker is provided for use in the breeding of shepherd ducks for the trait of feed utilization efficiency. Thus, this application enables the breeding of shepherd ducks for the trait of feed utilization efficiency, thereby breeding shepherd ducks and new shepherd duck varieties with high feed utilization efficiency.

[0010] In certain embodiments, the product for detecting a molecular marker refers to a primer or probe that can detect the molecular marker or a kit prepared from the primer or probe.

[0011] In some embodiments, the application comprises the following steps:

[0012] 1) detecting the genotype of the molecular markers in the ducklings to be selected;

[0013] 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at position 145082750bp of chromosome 1 detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0014] Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at position 60935804 bp of chromosome 3 detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0015] Alternatively, the individuals with the CC genotype at position 10792285 bp of chromosome 6 detected in step 1) are retained, and the individuals with the CT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0016] 3) breeding the shepherd ducks selected in step 2) to improve the feed utilization efficiency of the shepherd ducks.

[0017] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the use of the molecular markers described above in breeding a variety of shelduck with high feed utilization efficiency is provided. Thus, through this application, a new variety of shelduck with high feed utilization efficiency can be bred, shortening the breeding period of shelducks and accelerating the breeding process.

[0018] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a product for detecting the aforementioned molecular markers is provided for use in breeding a variety of shelduck ducks with high feed utilization efficiency. This application can thereby cultivate a new variety of shelduck ducks with high feed utilization efficiency, shorten the breeding period for shelduck ducks, and accelerate the breeding process.

[0019] In some embodiments, the application comprises the following steps:

[0020] 1) detecting the genotype of the molecular markers in ducklings to be selected for breeding;

[0021] 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at position 145082750bp of chromosome 1 detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0022] Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at position 60935804 bp of chromosome 3 detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0023] Alternatively, the individuals with the CC genotype at position 10792285 bp of chromosome 6 detected in step 1) are retained, and the individuals with the CT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0024] 4) breeding the selected shelducks in step 2), detecting the SNP molecular markers in the offspring, and selecting and breeding them according to the genotypes in step 2) to obtain a shelduck variety with high feed utilization efficiency.

[0025] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for genetically improving feed utilization efficiency traits in shepherd ducks, the method comprising:

[0026] 1) detecting the genotype of the molecular marker in ducklings of shelduck;

[0027] 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at position 145082750bp of chromosome 1 detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0028] Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at position 60935804 bp of chromosome 3 detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0029] Alternatively, the individuals with the CC genotype at position 10792285 bp of chromosome 6 detected in step 1) are retained, and the individuals with the CT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0030] 3) The individuals selected in step 2) are used as breeding ducks, and through breeding, the frequency of the dominant allele is increased generation by generation, thereby improving the feed utilization efficiency of the shepherd ducks. Thus, through this application, the feed utilization efficiency of the shepherd ducks can be genetically improved, the feed utilization efficiency of the shepherd ducks can be improved, the breeding period of the shepherd ducks can be shortened, and the breeding process of the shepherd ducks can be accelerated.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention provides molecular markers related to the feed utilization efficiency trait of shelducks and their applications. By detecting the molecular markers, dominant genotypes can be screened, the frequency of dominant alleles can be increased, feed conversion rate or residual feed intake can be reduced, and the feed utilization efficiency of shelducks can be improved. By applying the molecular markers to the selection and breeding of shelduck ducks for feed utilization efficiency, the cultivation of shelduck duck breeds with high feed utilization efficiency, and the genetic improvement of the feed utilization efficiency trait of shelduck ducks, the feed utilization efficiency of shelduck ducks can be improved, new shelduck duck breeds with high feed utilization efficiency can be obtained, and the feed utilization efficiency of shelduck duck populations can be genetically improved, providing a scientific basis for shelduck duck breed improvement. Furthermore, through auxiliary breeding techniques, the breeding period of shelduck ducks can be shortened and the breeding process accelerated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The figure is a 1% agarose gel electrophoresis image of genomic DNA stock solution (partial display); 122-146 represent sample numbers, and M represents the standard DNA molecule;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the Manhattan plot of the results of the FCR whole-genome association analysis: the arrows point to the corresponding molecular markers;

[0034] Figure 3 This is the Manhattan plot of the RFI whole-genome association analysis results: the arrows point to the corresponding molecular markers;

[0035] Figure 4 This is the QQ plot result of FCR;

[0036] Figure 5 This is the QQ diagram result of RFI. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] 1. Experimental animals.

[0039] The experimental animals used were purebred Sheldon ducks from Yuncheng Wenshi Co., Ltd. in Yunfu City, Guangdong Province. The ducks were caged and managed according to the company's husbandry procedures. The duck houses maintained good ventilation, with appropriate temperature, humidity, and lighting conditions, and routine immunization and disease prevention procedures were performed.

[0040] 2. Sample collection and processing.

[0041] When the feeding period was 46 days, 783 Mallards (all males) were randomly selected from the caged group for sub-wing blood sampling. 1 mL of blood was drawn with a syringe, injected into a blood collection tube containing sodium heparin, and mixed to prevent blood coagulation. The individual wing number was marked on the blood collection tube and then stored in a -80°C refrigerator.

[0042] 3. Experimental method.

[0043] 3.1 Phenotypic data determination.

[0044] According to the individual feed intake, body weight at the beginning and end of the experiment during the feeding experiment, FCR and RFI were calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, FI is feed intake; BWG is the weight gain of the ducks during the measurement period.

[0047] RFI=ADFI-b0+b1×MBW 0.75 +b2×ADG (2)

[0048] Where ADFI = b0 + b1 × MBW 0.75+b2×ADG+e, ADFI represents average daily feed intake, b0 represents the regression intercept, ADG is average daily weight gain, MBW is mid-term metabolic body weight, MBW = [(determination starting weight + determination ending weight) / 2] 0.75 , b1 represents the partial regression coefficient of MBW on ADFI, b2 represents the partial regression coefficient of ADG on ADFI, and e is the residual value, that is, the RFI value, which is the difference between the actual feed intake and the expected feed intake of the individual.

[0049] 3.2 Extraction and detection of genomic DNA.

[0050] Genomic DNA was extracted using the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method according to conventional extraction procedures. The extracted genomic DNA was tested for integrity, purity, and concentration. Those that met the requirements were retained, while those that did not meet the requirements were eliminated or re-extracted and tested.

[0051] 3.3 Sequencing data quality control and comparison with reference genome statistics.

[0052] The experiment was performed according to the standard protocol provided by the sequencing company. For qualified genomic DNA samples, appropriate size fragments were selected by gel electrophoresis. Then, libraries were amplified and constructed using PCR. The constructed libraries were then quality-tested. Qualified libraries were then sequenced using the DNBSEQ-T7 sequencer, performed by Biomike Biotechnology Co., Ltd. To ensure the quality of information analysis, sequencing on the DNBSEQ-T7 system included base sequencing quality distribution analysis, base type distribution inspection, insert fragment distribution statistics, depth distribution statistics, and filtering of the raw image data (RawReads) files obtained from high-throughput sequencing.

[0053] The final sequence obtained by sequencing was remapped to the reference genome for subsequent analysis. The ratio of clean reads that could be mapped to the reference genome to the total clean reads is called the alignment efficiency (Mapped (%)). The reference gene species is Anas platyrhynchos, and the reference genome is GCA_003850225.1.

[0054] 4. Data processing and statistical analysis.

[0055] 4.1 Descriptive statistical analysis of feed utilization efficiency-related traits.

[0056] The collected FCR and RFI data were preliminarily organized using Excel, and outliers were removed from the data of each trait according to the μ±3σ principle. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed using R software. The results of the analysis included sample number, mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation.

[0057] 4.2 Genome-wide association analysis

[0058] In order to screen genes or molecular markers related to feed utilization efficiency traits on a genome-wide scale, the present invention performed low-coverage sequencing (6X) on 783 samples that passed the quality inspection.

[0059] Using EMMAX software mixed linear model, combined with phenotypic and genotypic data, genome-wide association analysis was performed to identify SNPs associated with feed utilization efficiency in Sheldon ducks. Considering fixed factors (SNP effects) and random effects (relatedness between individuals), the statistical model was as follows:

[0060] The present invention is based on high-density molecular marker data and uses EMMAX to perform association analysis. The mixed linear model formula is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, y is the phenotype, X is the genotype, β0 is the fixed effect, β k is the marker effect, η is the error term, and ultimately each variant site can get an association result.

[0063] 4.3 Group stratification.

[0064] Population stratification refers to the difference in allele frequency due to different ancestors, which has been proven to be a confounding factor and may lead to many false positive results. Therefore, when conducting association analysis on the feed utilization efficiency of Mallards, a QQ plot (Quantile-Quantile Plot) was drawn to determine whether there was any deviation in the association analysis and stratification of the sample population.

[0065] 5. Results and analysis

[0066] 5.1 Genomic DNA test results.

[0067] The genomic DNA extracted from 783 samples needs to be tested for quality by agarose gel electrophoresis. The test results of some genomic DNA are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the electrophoresis sample wells must be clean and free of contamination, the main band must be clear, and there must be no tailing. In addition, the DNA purity test must be 1.6 <OD 260 / OD 280 <2.0, 1.8 <OD 260 / OD230 <2.1. The genomic DNA test results must meet the above requirements before library construction can be carried out. Unqualified samples must be eliminated or DNA extracted again. All samples of the present invention were tested and a total of 783 met the qualified requirements.

[0068] 5.2 Sequencing data quality control and comparison with the reference genome.

[0069] The sequencing data quality control results are shown in Table 1. Base type distribution testing primarily checks for AT and CG dissociation, which can occur during sequencing or library construction. Significant dissociation can affect subsequent analysis. The average percentage of G and C bases in the samples (GC%) was 41.0303, the average percentage of bases with a quality value ≥20 (Q20%) was 98.8021%, and the average percentage of bases with a quality value ≥30 (Q30%) was 96.5225%. Alignment efficiencies of the sample genomic DNA to the reference genomic DNA were all above 98%, with an average of 98.2135%, indicating that library construction and sequencing were normal.

[0070] Table 1 Sample sequencing data evaluation statistics and alignment rates

[0071]

[0072] Note: Clean-Reads: number of reads after filtering; Clean-Base: number of bases after filtering, the number of Clean-Reads multiplied by the sequence length.

[0073] 5.3 Statistics of SNP detection results between samples and reference genomes.

[0074] There are two main types of SNP mutations: transition (Ti, variation of the same type of base) and transversion (Tv, variation between different types of bases). Generally, the probability of transition is higher than that of transversion, that is, Ti / Tv is greater than 1. As shown in Table 2, the total number of SNPs detected in this experiment is 5754001, the Ti / Tv value is approximately 2.4257, and the heterozygote ratio (Het-ratio) is 51.24%.

[0075] Table 2 Statistics of SNP detection results between the reference genome

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Note: HeterozygosityNumber is the number of heterozygotes, HomozygosityNumber is the number of homozygotes, and Het-ratio is the ratio of heterozygotes.

[0079] 5.4 Descriptive statistical analysis results of feed utilization efficiency traits.

[0080] The results of the descriptive statistical analysis of feed efficiency traits are shown in Table 3. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis show that a total of 783 ducks (all males) were measured. The average FCR was 2.12, the coefficient of variation was 6.18, and the average RFI was 0.12.

[0081] Table 3 Descriptive statistical analysis of feed utilization efficiency traits

[0082]

[0083] 5.5 Results of genome-wide association analysis.

[0084] This study used FastImm, Emmax, and Gemma software to conduct a genome-wide association analysis of feed utilization efficiency in 783 shelducks (783 shelducks that met quality requirements after genomic DNA extraction). SNPs significantly associated with feed utilization efficiency were identified across the genome. The SNP loci of these SNP markers were described with reference to the duck reference genome, version GCA_003850225.1.

[0085] The results of genome-wide association analysis between feed conversion rate FCR and residual feed intake RFI are shown in Tables 4 and Figure 2 、 3 As shown in Figure 2, three SNP loci significantly associated with feed conversion rate FCR / residual feed intake RFI traits were screened out. The three SNP loci significantly associated with FCR traits were Figure 2 As indicated by the arrows, there are three SNP sites significantly associated with RFI traits. Figure 3 As indicated by the arrows, they are specifically: the C / T mutation located at the 145082750bp position of chromosome 1 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1 (hereinafter referred to as "Chr1:145082750 molecular marker"); the G / T mutation located at the 60935804bp position of chromosome 3 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1 (hereinafter referred to as "Chr3:60935804 molecular marker"); the T / C mutation located at the 10792285bp position of chromosome 6 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1 (hereinafter referred to as "Chr6:10792285 molecular marker").

[0086] Table 4 Results of genome-wide association analysis of FCR and RFI

[0087]

[0088] 5.6 Group stratification assessment results.

[0089] There are significant SNPs sites in feed utilization efficiency traits (FCR, RFI), and their QQ plots are as follows: Figure 4 、 5 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the expected value and the vertical axis represents the observed value. The thin line in the figure represents the 45° line, which is the predicted threshold. The gray area is the 95% confidence interval of the scattered points on the figure. The farther the SNP is from the solid line, the better the association strength. Figure 4 、 5 As can be seen, most of the loci in the lower left corner of the figure are on the diagonal line, indicating that the model selection is reasonable. The loci in the upper right corner that exceed the diagonal line and confidence interval are highly significant with the target trait. There is no population stratification in the experimental population.

[0090] 5.7 Analysis of association between significant SNP sites and feed utilization efficiency traits.

[0091] SPSS software was used to perform association analysis between genotypes and FCR and RFI phenotypic traits. The results are shown in Table 5:

[0092] There are three genotypes (TT, CT and CC) of the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker in the shelduck population. The FCR and RFI in the CC genotype group are lower than those in the TT and CT groups. The phenotypic differences between CC and other genotypes are extremely significant (P<0.01). The FCR differences between the TT and CT genotype groups are extremely significant (P<0.01), and the RFI differences are significant (P<0.05).

[0093] There are three genotypes (GG, GT and TT) of the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker in the shelduck population. The FCR and RFI in the GG genotype group were significantly lower than those in the other genotypes (P<0.01), and there was no significant phenotypic difference between the GT and TT genotypes (P>0.05).

[0094] There are three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) of the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker in the shelduck population. The FCR and RFI in the CC genotype population are lower than those in the CT and TT populations. The FCR and RFI between CC and CT and TT are extremely significant (P<0.01), while the FCR and RFI between CT and TT genotypes are not significant (P>0.05).

[0095] Table 5 Information on SNPs significantly associated with feed utilization efficiency traits

[0096]

[0097] Note: Different letters in the shoulder indicate significant differences. Capital letters indicate significant differences at the level of P<0.01, and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the level of P<0.05; ** indicates significant differences at the level of P<0.01.

[0098] The above results also show that for the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker, the ducks corresponding to the CC genotype had the lowest FCR and RFI, the ducks corresponding to the CT genotype had higher FCR and RFI, and the ducks corresponding to the TT genotype had the highest FCR and RFI. For the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker, the ducks corresponding to the GG genotype had the lowest FCR and RFI, the ducks corresponding to the GT genotype had higher FCR and RFI, and the ducks corresponding to the TT genotype had the highest FCR and RFI. For the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker, the ducks corresponding to the CC genotype had the lowest FCR and RFI, the ducks corresponding to the CT genotype had higher FCR and RFI, and the ducks corresponding to the TT genotype had the highest FCR and RFI. Duck FCR and RFI are important indicators of feed utilization efficiency in ducks. Lower FCR and RFI are better, and lower FCR and RFI indicate higher feed utilization efficiency. Therefore, in the breeding of shepherd ducks for feed utilization efficiency traits (FCR and RFI), the following molecular markers were used: the CC genotype was selected using the Chr1:145082750 marker, while the CT and TT genotypes were eliminated. The CC genotype was the dominant genotype, with C being the dominant allele. The GG genotype was selected using the Chr3:60935804 marker, while the GT and TT genotypes were eliminated. The GG genotype was the dominant genotype, with G being the dominant allele. The CC genotype was selected using the Chr6:10792285 marker, while the CT and TT genotypes were eliminated. The CC genotype was the dominant genotype, with C being the dominant allele. This can improve breeding efficiency and rapidly select duck breeds with excellent feed utilization efficiency traits.

[0099] By performing genotyping on the SNP sites of the molecular markers provided above, duck breeds with CC genotypes were selected at the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker, GG genotypes were selected at the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker, and CC genotypes were selected at the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker, which can obtain lower FCR and RFI, providing new molecular markers and applications for the screening of feed utilization efficiency traits in ducks.

[0100] 6. Application of molecular markers in the selection of feed utilization efficiency traits in Mallard ducks.

[0101] 1) Detecting the genotype of the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker and / or the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker and / or the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker in the ducklings to be selected;

[0102] 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker allele detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0103] Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker allele detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0104] Or retaining individuals with the CC genotype at the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker allele detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0105] 3) breeding the shepherd ducks selected in step 2) to select for feed utilization efficiency traits of the shepherd ducks, thereby reducing feed conversion rate or residual feed intake and improving feed utilization efficiency.

[0106] 7. Application of molecular markers in breeding duck breeds with high feed utilization efficiency.

[0107] 1) Detecting the genotype of the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker and / or the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker and / or the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker in the ducklings to be selected for breeding;

[0108] 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker allele detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0109] Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker allele detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0110] Or retaining individuals with the CC genotype at the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker allele detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0111] 3) breeding the selected shelducks in step 2), detecting the above-mentioned SNP molecular markers in the offspring born, and selecting and breeding them according to the genotypes in step 2), thereby obtaining a shelduck variety with high feed utilization efficiency.

[0112] 8. A method for genetic improvement of feed utilization efficiency traits in Mallard ducks.

[0113] 1) Detecting the genotype of the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker and / or the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker and / or the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker in ducklings of shelduck;

[0114] 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at the Chr1:145082750 molecular marker allele detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0115] Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at the Chr3:60935804 molecular marker allele detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated;

[0116] Alternatively, retaining individuals with the CC genotype at the Chr6:10792285 molecular marker allele detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes;

[0117] 3) The individuals selected in step 2) are used as breeding ducks, and the frequency of the dominant allele is increased generation by generation through breeding, thereby improving the feed utilization efficiency of the shepherd ducks.

[0118] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A molecular marker associated with feed utilization efficiency of shepherd ducks, wherein: The molecular marker is any one or more of the following molecular markers: a C / T mutation located at the 145082750bp position of chromosome 1 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1; or a G / T mutation located at the 60935804bp position of chromosome 3 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.1; or a T / C mutation located at the 10792285bp position of chromosome 6 of the duck reference genome GCA_003850225.

1.

2. The molecular marker according to claim 1, wherein The feed utilization efficiency trait includes feed conversion rate or residual feed intake trait. The lower the feed conversion rate or residual feed intake, the higher the feed utilization efficiency.

3. Use of the molecular marker described in claim 1 in the breeding of feed utilization efficiency traits in shelduck.

4. Use of the product for detecting the molecular markers described in claim 1 in the breeding of shepherd ducks for feed utilization efficiency traits.

5. The use according to claim 4, wherein The product for detecting the molecular marker described in claim 1 refers to a primer or probe that can detect the molecular marker or a kit prepared from the primer or probe.

6. The use according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: The application comprises the following steps: 1) detecting the genotype of the molecular marker as claimed in claim 1 on ducklings to be selected; 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at position 145082750bp of chromosome 1 detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes; Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at position 60935804 bp of chromosome 3 detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated; Alternatively, the individuals with the CC genotype at position 10792285 bp of chromosome 6 detected in step 1) are retained, and the individuals with the CT and TT genotypes are eliminated; 3) breeding the shepherd ducks selected in step 2) to improve the feed utilization efficiency of the shepherd ducks.

7. Use of the molecular markers described in claim 1 in breeding a duck breed with high feed utilization efficiency.

8. Use of the product for detecting the molecular markers described in claim 1 in breeding a duck breed with high feed utilization efficiency.

9. The use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein The application comprises the following steps: 1) detecting the genotype of the molecular marker as claimed in claim 1 on ducklings to be selected for breeding; 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at position 145082750bp of chromosome 1 detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes; Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at position 60935804 bp of chromosome 3 detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated; Alternatively, the individuals with the CC genotype at position 10792285 bp of chromosome 6 detected in step 1) are retained, and the individuals with the CT and TT genotypes are eliminated; 3) breeding the selected shelducks in step 2), detecting the molecular markers on the offspring born, and selecting and breeding them according to the genotypes in step 2), thereby obtaining a shelduck variety with high feed utilization efficiency.

10. A method for genetically improving feed utilization efficiency traits in shepherd ducks, wherein: The method comprises: 1) detecting the genotype of the molecular marker as claimed in claim 1 on ducklings of shelduck; 2) retaining individuals with the CC genotype at position 145082750bp of chromosome 1 detected in step 1), and eliminating individuals with the CT and TT genotypes; Alternatively, individuals with the GG genotype at position 60935804 bp of chromosome 3 detected in step 1) are retained, and individuals with the GT and TT genotypes are eliminated; Alternatively, the individuals with the CC genotype at position 10792285 bp of chromosome 6 detected in step 1) are retained, and the individuals with the CT and TT genotypes are eliminated; 3) The individuals selected in step 2) are used as breeding ducks, and the frequency of the dominant allele is increased generation by generation through breeding, thereby improving the feed utilization efficiency of the shepherd ducks.

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