Ice prevention blowing structure for concrete dam body

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering, and particularly relates to an anti-icing air-blowing structure for concrete dams, comprising: a disc-shaped spiral air pipe, several spokes, an internally threaded air cap, a flow-dispersing component, a floating raft component, and a reciprocating pneumatic device. This invention utilizes three core design features: optimized airflow from the disc-shaped spiral air pipe, multi-stage flow-dispersing linkage, and adaptive adjustment of the floating raft. The bubble curtain generated by the disc-shaped spiral air pipe bursts at the water surface; simultaneously, the oscillating flow-disperses the water to multiple sides, accelerating the surface water flow; combined with the motion of the waterwheel, vertical vortices are generated, promoting heat exchange between the upper and lower water layers and disrupting the ice crystallization environment; through the multi-directional disturbance and heat exchange of the horizontal and vertical layers, the inhibition effect on ice crystallization is improved; this invention solves the problems of uneven airflow, insufficient disturbance, and poor adaptability in traditional anti-icing technologies, achieving a highly efficient, energy-saving, and long-life anti-icing effect for dams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular relates to a concrete dam anti-icing and air blowing structure. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete dams operating in cold regions often face the problem of reservoir water freezing during winter. Ice layers, under the influence of temperature changes, wind, or water level fluctuations, can generate expansion pressure or ice thrust, adversely affecting the dam structure and even leading to localized cracking or leakage. Traditional ice-prevention measures mainly include manual ice breaking, heating for ice prevention, or installing ice-blocking piles; however, these methods suffer from drawbacks such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, complex construction, and difficult maintenance.

[0003] In recent years, air-blowing anti-icing technology has been increasingly applied in water conservancy projects due to its advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection, and ease of operation. This technology releases compressed air into the water in front of the dam, forming a bubble curtain or water flow disturbance to prevent ice from freezing or weaken the force of ice on the dam body. However, existing dam air-blowing anti-icing structures mostly adopt fixed air distribution pipes or simple perforated pipe designs, which suffer from uneven airflow distribution and insufficient durability, especially in deep water or large-span dam conditions, where the anti-icing effect is limited. Furthermore, traditional air-blowing structures lack adaptability to dam deformation, and dam displacement or foundation settlement may cause damage to the air pipes, affecting long-term operational reliability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a new type of anti-icing air blowing structure for concrete dams to optimize airflow distribution, improve anti-clogging ability, and adapt to dam deformation, thereby enhancing the stability and durability of the anti-icing effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a concrete dam anti-icing air blowing structure, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application provide the following technical solution: This invention provides a concrete dam anti-icing air-blowing structure, comprising: a disc-shaped spiral air pipe, several spokes, an internally threaded air cap, a flow-dispersing component, a floating component, and a reciprocating pneumatic device. The disc-shaped spiral air pipe has an air inlet at its center, and its pipe wall is uniformly provided with several pinhole air outlets. The internally threaded air cap is fixed to the center of the disc-shaped spiral air pipe, and its lower end is threadedly connected to an air inlet column. The outer wall of the air inlet column is threaded. Several spokes are connected in series on the disc-shaped spiral air pipe and are jointly fixedly connected to a detachable limiting collar. The flow-dispersing component includes an even number of rotating shafts and a flow-dispersing plate. The rotating shafts are rotatably mounted on the limiting collar, and the flow-dispersing plate is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the rotating shafts. The inner wall has a V-shaped groove; the floating component includes a gas distribution guide ring threadedly connected to the outer wall of the air intake column, and multiple branch pipes are connected to the outer wall of the gas distribution guide ring. Each branch pipe has a solenoid valve in the middle; an airbag seat is connected to the end of the branch pipe away from the gas distribution guide ring, and an airbag arc ring is connected between two adjacent airbag seats. Several airbag arc rings form a ring together, with one branch pipe corresponding to one airbag arc ring, and the corresponding branch pipe is connected to the air passage of the airbag arc ring; the air intake column is equipped with a distributor and two air pipes connected to the distributor. The two air pipes are respectively connected to a disc-shaped spiral air pipe and a reciprocating pneumatic device; the reciprocating pneumatic device is connected to the outer wall of the air intake column and is used to drive the movement of the turbulence component.

[0007] According to an advantageous embodiment, the turbulence-disrupting component further includes a plurality of water-whet wheels rotatably disposed between the limiting collar and the internal threaded air cap. The number of water-whet wheels is half that of the turbulence-disrupting plate, and the water-whet wheels are located at one end of the limiting collar corresponding to the rotating shaft. A driven bevel gear is provided at one end of the water-whet wheels located at the limiting collar, and a driving bevel gear that meshes with the driven bevel gear is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft corresponding to the water-whet wheels.

[0008] According to an advantageous embodiment, the blades of the water turbine are vortex-shaped, and its axis of rotation forms an angle of 15°-30° with the horizontal plane.

[0009] According to an advantageous embodiment, each of the rotating shafts is provided with a swing plate at its lower end, and the middle position of the swing plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft. A connecting plate is rotatably connected between the different ends of two adjacent swing plates.

[0010] According to an advantageous embodiment, the outer wall of the air intake column is further provided with a reciprocating pneumatic device, which is hinged to the middle of any two connecting plates.

[0011] According to an advantageous embodiment, the lower ends of the air intake column and the air distribution guide ring are respectively connected to quick-connect ports for air pipes, and the outer wall of the quick-connect ports for air pipes is provided with a sealing ring for sealing when connecting air pipes.

[0012] According to an advantageous embodiment, the airbag arc ring is made of elastic rubber, and its outer diameter after inflation is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the limiting collar.

[0013] According to an advantageous embodiment, the spiral radius of the disc-shaped spiral tube gradually expands from the middle outwards, the diameter of the pinhole outlet is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the distance between adjacent pinhole outlets is 2-3 times the diameter of the spiral tube.

[0014] According to an advantageous embodiment, a pressure sensor is provided inside the gas distribution guide ring, and the solenoid valve independently adjusts the ventilation volume of each bronchus based on the pressure sensor signal.

[0015] According to an advantageous embodiment, the limiting collar adopts a split snap-fit ​​connection, and its inner wall is embedded with a friction-reducing bearing to support the rotating shaft.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the concrete dam anti-icing air blowing structure provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention solves the problems of uneven airflow, insufficient disturbance and poor adaptability in traditional anti-icing technology through three core designs: disc-shaped spiral air pipe airflow optimization, multi-level turbulence linkage and floating raft adaptive adjustment, and achieves a high-efficiency, energy-saving and long-life dam anti-icing effect.

[0017] 2. This invention uses a disc-shaped spiral air tube gradually expanding design to make the bubble curtain cover a wider range, avoiding excessively strong or weak local airflow; at the same time, through the linkage of air pressure sensor and solenoid valve, the inflation volume of each airbag arc ring is adjusted in real time to adapt to water level fluctuations and changes in external temperature, ensuring that the bubble curtain is always at the optimal working depth; combined with the optional hot airflow design, the uniformity and stability of anti-icing are fully improved.

[0018] 3. This invention disperses water to multiple sides by oscillating a baffle plate with a V-shaped groove, accelerating the surface water flow; at the same time, the water impeller generates a vertical vortex, promoting heat exchange between the upper and lower water layers and disrupting the ice crystallization environment; the multi-directional disturbance and heat exchange of the horizontal and vertical layers improve the inhibition effect on ice crystallization. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a top-view perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention viewed from below.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the limiting collar of the present invention.

[0024] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Disc-shaped spiral air pipe; 11. Spoke; 12. Limiting collar; 2. Internally threaded air cap; 3. Air inlet column; 31. Quick-connect fitting for air pipe; 4. Baffle component; 41. Shaft; 42. Baffle plate; 43. Water turbine; 44. Driven bevel gear; 45. Driven bevel gear; 46. Swing plate; 47. Connecting plate; 5. Float component; 51. Air distribution guide ring; 52. Branch pipe; 53. Solenoid valve; 54. Airbag seat; 55. Airbag arc ring; 6. Reciprocating pneumatic device. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 5 This application will now be described in further detail.

[0026] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 An anti-icing air-blowing structure for concrete dams includes: a disc-shaped spiral air pipe 1, several spokes 11, an internally threaded air cap 2, a flow-disrupting component 4, a buoyancy component 5, and a reciprocating pneumatic device 6. The disc-shaped spiral air pipe 1 has an air inlet at its center, and its pipe wall is uniformly provided with several pinhole air outlets. It should be noted that the spiral radius of the disc-shaped spiral air pipe 1 gradually expands from the center outward, so that the pressure is evenly distributed when the airflow diffuses from the center outward, avoiding excessively strong or weak local airflow and increasing the coverage of the generated bubble curtain. At the same time, the diameter of the pinhole air outlets is 0.5-1.5mm, ensuring that the bubble size is moderate, avoiding excessively large bubbles from bursting and insufficiently small bubbles from causing insufficient disturbance, thus balancing the anti-icing effect and the gas utilization rate. Furthermore, the distance between adjacent pinhole air outlets is 2-3 times the diameter of the spiral pipe, which can balance the air density and water flow resistance, prevent adjacent air holes from interfering with each other, and ensure uniform airflow distribution.

[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 2The internally threaded air cap 2 is fixed to the middle of the disc-shaped spiral air pipe 1, and its lower end is threadedly connected to the air intake column 3; the outer wall of the air intake column 3 is threaded; several spokes 11 are connected in series on the disc-shaped spiral air pipe 1 and are all fixedly connected to a detachable limiting collar 12; the turbulence component 4 includes an even number of rotating shafts 41 and turbulence plates 42, the rotating shafts 41 are rotatably mounted on the limiting collar 12, the turbulence plates 42 are fixedly mounted on the upper end of the rotating shafts 41 and have V-shaped grooves on their inner walls, the V-shaped grooves can improve the disturbance ability of the surrounding water when the turbulence plates 42 swing, disperse the surrounding water to multiple sides, and accelerate the movement of the surrounding water; the flotation component 5 includes an air distribution guide ring 51 threadedly connected to the outer wall of the air intake column 3, the air distribution guide ring 51 is threadedly connected to the air intake column 3, the air distribution guide ring 51 is threadedly connected to the air intake column 3, the air distribution guide ring 51 is threadedly connected to the air intake column 1 ... intake column 1 is threadedly connected to the air intake column 1, the air intake column 1 is threadedly connected to the air intake column 1, the air intake column 1 is threadedly connected to the air intake column 1, the air intake column 1 is threadedly connected to the air intake column 1, the air intake column 1 is threadedly connected Multiple bronchus tubes 52 are connected to the outer wall of the ring 51, and a solenoid valve 53 is provided in the middle of each bronchus tube 52. An airbag seat 54 is connected to the end of the bronchus tube 52 away from the air distribution ring 51. An airbag arc 55 is connected between two adjacent airbag seats 54. Several airbag arcs 55 form a ring. One bronchus tube 52 corresponds to one airbag arc 55, and the corresponding bronchus tube 52 is connected to the air passage of the airbag arc 55. A distributor and two air pipes connected to the distributor are provided inside the air intake column 3. The two air pipes are respectively connected to the disc-shaped spiral air pipe 1 and the reciprocating pneumatic device 6. The reciprocating pneumatic device 6 is connected to the outer wall of the air intake column 3 and is used to drive the movement of the turbulence component 4.

[0028] See Figure 3 The lower ends of the air intake column 3 and the air distribution guide ring 51 are respectively connected to the quick-connect port 31 of the air pipe. The outer wall of the quick-connect port 31 of the air pipe is provided with a sealing ring for sealing when connecting the air pipe. The quick-connect port 31 of the air pipe facilitates quick connection with the air pipe of the air pump, and the sealing ring can prevent air leakage at the connection position.

[0029] During operation, the air hose of the external air pump is connected to the quick-connect fitting 31 at the lower end of the air intake column 3 and the quick-connect fitting 31 at the lower end of the air distribution guide ring 51, respectively. Then, the invention is placed in water, and the signal from the external temperature sensor is used to adjust the invention to the optimal working depth in the water. The water depth is adjusted by regulating the airflow rate of the branch pipe 52 via the solenoid valve 53, thereby adjusting the internal air pressure of the airbag arc ring 55 and further adjusting the buoyancy of the airbag arc ring 55, thus completing the adjustment of the water depth. After the position is adjusted, one side... The system controls the air supply to the disc-shaped spiral air pipe 1 via a distributor. The air, through multiple pinhole outlets, creates a bubble curtain that impacts the water surface. The energy generated by the bursting bubbles causes water ripples, further preventing ice formation. It should be noted that a gas heating pump can be connected to the middle of the air pipe, generating a hot airflow that further enhances the antifreeze effect. On the other hand, the distributor controls the air supply to the reciprocating pneumatic device 6, causing the baffle 42 to oscillate back and forth, further driving the movement of the surrounding water and inhibiting ice formation. The floating raft component 5 allows the working position of the invention to be dynamically adjusted according to the external temperature, unlike traditional fixed-layout air-blowing structures, and can fully adapt to external factors such as dam deformation.

[0030] See Figure 1 and Figure 5 The turbulence-disrupting component 4 also includes several water-winding wheels 43 rotatably disposed between the limiting collar 12 and the internal threaded air cap 2. The number of water-winding wheels 43 is half that of the turbulence-disrupting plate 42, and the water-winding wheel 43 is located at one end of the limiting collar 12 and corresponds to the rotating shaft 41. A driven bevel gear 44 is provided at one end of the water-winding wheel 43 located at the limiting collar 12, and an active bevel gear 45 that meshes with the driven bevel gear 44 is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 41 corresponding to the water-winding wheel 43.

[0031] In this invention, the rotation of the shaft 41 drives the water turbine 43 to rotate, which transforms the horizontal water flow disturbance into a vertical vortex, enhances the mixing of water in different layers, realizes the exchange of different heats in deep water and surface water, and further disrupts the conditions for ice formation.

[0032] See Figure 5 The blades of the water turbine 43 are vortex-shaped, which can reduce the rotational resistance of the water turbine 43 when it rotates and improve the water winding efficiency. In particular, in the design, the blades of the water turbine 43 can be installed at an angle of 15°-30° with the horizontal plane of the rotation axis. Furthermore, it can improve the ability to guide the water flow to obliquely impact the surface water when disturbing the exchange of water layers, expand the disturbance range, and avoid the rapid dissipation of air bubbles.

[0033] See Figure 2Each of the rotating shafts 41 is provided with a swing plate 46 at its lower end, and the middle position of the swing plate 46 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 41. A connecting plate 47 is rotatably connected between the different ends of two adjacent swing plates 46.

[0034] See Figure 2 The outer wall of the intake column 3 is also equipped with a reciprocating pneumatic device 6, which is hinged to the middle of any two connecting plates 47. It should be noted that the reciprocating pneumatic device 6 is existing technology. Typically, the reciprocating pneumatic device 6 consists of a connecting rod and a pneumatic assembly, where the pneumatic assembly contains an air film and a push rod, with a return spring mounted on the push rod. This device is connected to the pneumatic assembly via a vent pipe. When the intake column 3 supplies air to the distributor, the gas enters or exits the pneumatic assembly through the vent pipe, causing the air film to reciprocate. This reciprocating motion of the air film drives the push rod to reciprocate. The end of the push rod is hinged to the middle of the connecting plate 47. When the connecting plate 47 is pushed to move radially, it drives all the rotating shafts 41 to rotate reciprocally, thereby further transmitting power to automatically move the spoiler 42.

[0035] See Figure 2 The airbag arc ring 55 is made of elastic rubber. After inflation, its outer diameter is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the limiting collar 12. The purpose of using elastic rubber is to adapt to water level fluctuations and adjust the buoyancy by inflation and deflation to ensure that the invention is always at the optimal working depth. Controlling the outer diameter of the airbag arc ring 55 after inflation to 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the limiting collar 12 can enhance the stability of the invention when placed in water.

[0036] The air distribution ring 51 is equipped with an air pressure sensor to provide real-time feedback on the internal pressure of each airbag arc ring 55, preventing overcharging or leakage that could lead to buoyancy imbalance. It can also determine the distance of the invention from the water surface based on the pressure value at the monitored location, and independently adjust the air flow of each branch pipe 52 through the solenoid valve 53 according to the air pressure sensor signal. In addition, it can adjust the invention to the optimal working depth in the water by combining the signal transmitted by the external temperature sensor.

[0037] See Figure 1 The limiting collar 12 adopts a split snap-fit ​​connection, which facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of internal components. At the same time, its inner wall is embedded with a friction-reducing bearing to support the rotating shaft 41, which can reduce the rotational resistance of the rotating shaft 41, extend its service life, and reduce energy consumption.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "number one," and "number two" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," "number one," or "number two" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0040] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concrete dam anti-icing and air-blowing structure, characterized in that, include: The disc-shaped spiral air tube has an air inlet in the middle and several pinhole air outlets evenly distributed on the tube wall. An internally threaded air cap is fixed to the middle of a disc-shaped spiral air tube, with an air inlet column threaded to its lower end; the outer wall of the air inlet column is threaded. Several spokes that provide support are connected in series on a disc-shaped spiral tube and are fixedly connected to a detachable limiting collar. The aerodynamic component includes an even number of rotating shafts and aerodynamic plates. The rotating shafts are rotatably mounted on a limiting collar, and the aerodynamic plates are fixedly mounted on the upper end of the rotating shafts and have V-shaped grooves on their inner walls. The floating valve component includes a gas distribution guide ring threadedly connected to the outer wall of the air intake column. Multiple air ducts are connected to the outer wall of the gas distribution guide ring, and a solenoid valve is installed in the middle of each air duct. An airbag seat is connected to the end of the air duct away from the gas distribution guide ring. An airbag arc ring is connected between two adjacent airbag seats. Several airbag arc rings together form a ring. One air duct corresponds to one airbag arc ring, and the corresponding air duct is connected to the air passage of the airbag arc ring. A reciprocating pneumatic device is connected to the outer wall of the intake column to drive the movement of the turbulence-inducing components; The intake column is equipped with a distributor and two vent pipes connected to the distributor. The two vent pipes are respectively connected to a disc-shaped spiral air pipe and a reciprocating pneumatic device.

2. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turbulence-disrupting component also includes several water-winding wheels rotatably disposed between the limiting collar and the internal threaded air cap. The number of water-winding wheels is half that of the turbulence-disrupting plate, and the water-winding wheels are located at one end of the limiting collar and correspond to the rotating shaft. A driven bevel gear is provided at one end of the water-winding wheel located at the limiting collar, and an active bevel gear that meshes with the driven bevel gear is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft corresponding to the water-winding wheel.

3. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blades of the water turbine are vortex-shaped, and its axis of rotation forms an angle of 15°-30° with the horizontal plane.

4. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the rotating shafts is provided with a swing plate at its lower end, and the middle position of the swing plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft. The different ends of two adjacent swing plates are rotatably connected by a connecting plate.

5. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the air intake column is also provided with a reciprocating pneumatic device, which is hinged to the middle of any two connecting plates.

6. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower ends of the air intake column and the air distribution guide ring are respectively connected to quick-connect ports for air pipes, and the outer wall of the quick-connect ports for air pipes is provided with sealing rings for sealing when connecting air pipes.

7. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airbag arc ring is made of elastic rubber, and its outer diameter after inflation is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the limiting collar.

8. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral radius of the disc-shaped spiral tube gradually expands from the middle outwards, the diameter of the pinhole outlet is 0.5-1.5mm, and the distance between adjacent pinhole outlets is 2-3 times the diameter of the spiral tube.

9. The anti-icing and air-blowing structure for concrete dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas distribution guide ring is equipped with a pressure sensor, and the solenoid valve independently adjusts the ventilation volume of each bronchus according to the pressure sensor signal.

10. A concrete dam anti-icing and air-blowing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting collar adopts a split snap-fit ​​connection, and its inner wall is embedded with a friction-reducing bearing for supporting the rotating shaft.

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