Wind energy refrigeration system for maintaining thermal stability of permafrost foundation, operating method and application method

Abstract

This invention discloses a wind-powered refrigeration system, its operation method, and its application method for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations. Belonging to the field of permafrost protection technology, it involves arranging multiple sets of refrigeration equipment at intervals along both sides of the roadbed. Wind energy is captured by wind energy capture units and used to drive the refrigeration units. Evaporators are used to cool the permafrost beneath the roadbed. During operation, the wind energy capture units convert wind energy into mechanical energy to drive the refrigeration units. The remaining mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy, which drives the electric motor. This serves two purposes: firstly, to mitigate the fluctuations caused by wind energy directly driving the refrigeration units; and secondly, to assist in starting the wind energy capture units in light wind conditions. This invention utilizes wind energy to drive both refrigeration and power generation. The electric motor supplements the mechanical energy of the refrigeration equipment and the wind turbine, forming a mutual feedback mechanism between mechanical and electrical energy. This improves the starting performance and power generation of the wind energy capture units in light wind conditions, enhances wind energy capture efficiency, and improves the continuity and stability of the refrigeration equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of permafrost protection technology, and specifically relates to a wind-powered refrigeration system, its operation method, and its application method for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations. Background Technology

[0002] Permafrost is a soil medium extremely sensitive to temperature, characterized by high temperatures, high ice content, and extreme environmental sensitivity. Under the backdrop of global warming, transportation infrastructure in permafrost regions is highly vulnerable. Engineering construction alters the thermal stability of permafrost, causing ground thawing and settlement, leading to deformation and damage to the superstructure of roadbeds and bridges, thus weakening the safety and capacity of transportation routes. This results in the current insufficient scale and poor transport capacity of highways on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, making quality improvement and speed-up projects extremely difficult, and resulting in a long-standing problem of insufficient transport capacity.

[0003] To ensure the smooth operation of transportation routes in permafrost regions, protecting the permafrost is the primary principle, maintaining it at a low temperature to prevent warming and thawing subsidence. Currently, the permafrost protection measures used on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Highway mainly include passive insulation measures such as sunshades and insulated roadways, and active cooling measures such as heat pipes, riprap air-cooled structures, and ventilation ducts. The advantages of these existing measures are reasonable cost, zero energy consumption, good durability, and minimal maintenance during operation, making them suitable for large-scale adoption. However, their shortcomings include uncontrollable cooling efficiency, difficulty in dealing with sudden thawing subsidence of permafrost foundations, and inability to meet the high-quality protection requirements of permafrost in key areas such as roadbeds, transition sections, and junctions. These shortcomings have become increasingly apparent in recent years during the upgrading and renovation of transportation routes. Therefore, the transportation industry has begun to introduce artificial refrigeration technology to force-cool the permafrost. For example, patent application number CN201711190185.7 discloses an electrically driven refrigeration device. Since many transportation routes lack grid power supply, it relies on off-grid photovoltaic and wind power generation. Its shortcomings include high energy loss during power generation, low utilization efficiency, large design capacity of power generation components, high investment, large footprint, and poor adaptability to various scenarios. Furthermore, it is prone to power outages and refrigeration system shutdowns during continuous rain or snow. To address this, patent application number CN202411874964.9 discloses a mechanically driven refrigeration device that directly drives the refrigeration cycle by converting mechanical energy through a wind turbine, leveraging the abundant, continuous, and highly efficient wind energy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, the main problem found in its application is the instability of wind speeds. At low wind speeds, the small torque and low rotation speed of the wind turbine make it difficult to start refrigeration; at high wind speeds, the refrigeration components experience significant wear, large internal pressure fluctuations during operation, and unstable refrigeration efficiency.

[0004] In general, electric energy (photovoltaic and wind power) driven refrigeration has good cooling performance but high energy consumption, while mechanical energy (wind power) driven refrigeration has low energy consumption but less stable cooling performance. Therefore, improving the driving scheme of refrigeration equipment is key to enhancing the level of permafrost refrigeration protection technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a wind-powered cooling system, its operation method, and its application method for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations includes multiple sets of refrigeration equipment spaced apart along the length of the roadbed. Each refrigeration equipment includes a wind energy capture unit, a motor, and a refrigeration unit. The wind energy capture unit is connected to the refrigeration unit and is used to drive the refrigeration unit. The wind energy capture unit can also capture wind energy to generate electricity and provide power to the motor. The motor is used to assist in driving the refrigeration unit and to assist in starting the wind energy capture unit in light winds. The evaporators of the multiple sets of refrigeration units are placed spaced apart along the length of the roadbed within the permafrost layer of the permafrost below the roadbed.

[0008] Furthermore, the wind energy harvesting unit includes an impeller, a generator, a controller, and a battery. The impeller includes an upright shaft and multiple blades around it. The multiple blades are arranged vertically and radially evenly distributed around the shaft. The blades are connected to the shaft via a hub. The lower end of the shaft is connected to the generator via a planetary speed-increasing gear. The rotor of the generator drives the refrigeration unit via a T-shaped angle gear. The generator is connected to the battery via the controller, and the battery is electrically connected to the motor.

[0009] Furthermore, the refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver dryer, a throttling device, and an evaporator. The exhaust port of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the liquid receiver dryer, and a fan is provided on the side of the condenser. The outlet of the liquid receiver dryer is connected to the inlet of the throttling device, the outlet of the throttling device is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the return port of the compressor. The compressor, evaporator, throttling device, liquid receiver dryer, condenser, and compressor are sequentially connected through a medium delivery pipe to form a closed loop, and the closed loop is filled with refrigerant.

[0010] Furthermore, the compressor includes a drive shaft and a compression chamber with an internal piston. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the rotor of the generator and the output end of the motor via a T-shaped angle bracket. The other end of the drive shaft is connected to the piston. An electromagnetic clutch is provided on the drive shaft. The compression chamber is provided with a return air port and an exhaust air port. The return air port is located on the top of the auxiliary tank on the side of the compression chamber and communicates with its bottom. The exhaust air port is located on the top of the compression chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the evaporator is disposed within a buried casing, and the evaporator includes a straight section and a spiral section, with the spiral section spirally coiled around the outside of the straight section.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to the low-speed input shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear (not shown in the figure) via a coupling, and the high-speed output shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the rotor of the generator via a coupling; the lower end of the generator rotor is connected to the vertical input shaft of the T-type angle device via a coupling, the horizontal input shaft of the T-type angle device is connected to the motor via a coupling, and the horizontal output shaft of the T-type angle device is connected to the drive shaft of the compressor via a coupling.

[0013] Furthermore, the generator, controller, battery, motor, compressor, condenser, liquid receiver dryer, and throttle are all housed within a cabinet. A base is located at the bottom of the cabinet, situated on the bottom side of the roadbed. The blades are located on the top outer side of the cabinet. The lower end of the rotating shaft penetrates the top of the cabinet and connects to the generator. A connecting port for the medium delivery pipe is located on the lower side wall of the cabinet. The evaporator is inserted at an angle into the permafrost layer of the permafrost below the roadbed.

[0014] The rotating shaft engages with the mounting hole on the top of the cabinet via a fixed shaft. The rotating shaft and the fixed shaft rotate in coordination. A braking device and a planetary speed-increasing gear are provided between the fixed shaft and the generator. The fixed shaft is connected to the planetary speed-increasing gear via the braking device. The planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the generator. The braking device, the planetary speed-increasing gear, and the generator are all located inside the cabinet.

[0015] Furthermore, the cabinet is equipped with an upper tray and a middle tray, and the bottom of the cabinet is a lower tray. The condenser, liquid receiver dryer, and throttle are all located on the lower tray. The T-shaped corner unit, compressor, and motor are all located on the middle tray, with the compressor and motor located on opposite sides of the T-shaped corner unit. The battery and controller are located on the upper tray.

[0016] The present invention also provides an operation method for a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations, wherein the operation logic of the refrigeration equipment is as follows:

[0017] First, when the battery's charge level is greater than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery's output terminal to turn on the power supply, and the motor runs; conversely, when the charge level is less than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery's output terminal to turn off the power supply, and the motor stops; when the battery's charge level is greater than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery's energy storage terminal to turn off charging; conversely, when the charge level is less than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery's energy storage terminal to turn on charging, the purpose of which is to prevent the battery from being overcharged or over-discharged;

[0018] Second, when the temperature of the permafrost foundation is lower than the cooling target value, the controller adjusts the braking device to open and then shuts off the generator's power supply to the motor. The purpose is to prevent the refrigeration equipment from running excessively and to reduce the wear and tear of mechanical parts when the thermal stability of the permafrost is good. Conversely, when the temperature of the permafrost is higher than the cooling target value, the controller adjusts the generator's output to open the power supply and shuts off the braking device.

[0019] Third, when the battery charge is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic clutch to disengage, the compressor drive shaft is in an unloaded state, the refrigeration unit stops, and it is in a single wind power generation mode; when the battery charge is greater than 50%, the electromagnetic clutch engages, the compressor drive shaft is in a loaded state, and it is in both wind power generation and refrigeration unit start-up mode.

[0020] This invention also provides an application method for a wind-powered refrigeration system used to maintain the thermal stability of permafrost foundations, the application of which includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: For permafrost protection scenarios, assess the permafrost warming and degradation situation. Assessment parameters include the planar range, depth range, average temperature, and cooling load of permafrost warming and degradation. The depth range of permafrost degradation includes the upper limit depth. H 1 and lower limit depth H 2; Cooling load refers to the cooling capacity corresponding to the permafrost foundation. Q The calculation is as follows:

[0022] (1)

[0023] In the formula, ρ Density of permafrost, kg / m³ 3 ; c The specific heat capacity of permafrost is J / (kg·℃); A The area of ​​the permafrost thermal stability maintenance zone is in m². 2 ; The temperature increase per unit time in the permafrost protected area is expressed in °C / s. h The overall heat transfer coefficient of the permafrost base surface, W / (m²). 2 ·℃); Δ TThe time-varying difference between surface temperature and atmospheric temperature in permafrost areas, expressed in °C.

[0024] Step 2 involves designing and determining the evaporator layout parameters and refrigerant charge of the refrigeration equipment. The evaporator layout parameters include the length of the evaporator. L Spacing D ,quantity N ;

[0025] The depth range of permafrost degradation due to warming is equal to the length of the evaporator. L ,Right now L=H 2- H 1;

[0026] Number of evaporators N The calculation is as follows:

[0027] (2)

[0028] In the formula, q The cooling capacity of a single refrigeration unit is expressed in W.

[0029] Evaporator arrangement spacing D The calculation is as follows:

[0030] (3)

[0031] Step 3, prepare the refrigeration equipment: First, prepare the evaporator according to step 2, then determine the length and diameter of the wind turbine based on the local wind energy resources, and prepare the cabinet;

[0032] Step 4, On-site installation of refrigeration equipment: First, according to the length of the evaporator... L After drilling holes in the foundation with a diameter of [missing information], the evaporator is inserted, and then the cabinet is installed;

[0033] Step 5, Connection and debugging of refrigeration equipment: First, connect the refrigeration unit into a closed loop, then use a vacuum pump to evacuate the closed loop of the refrigeration unit and fill it with refrigerant, and finally check that the overall operation of the refrigeration equipment is normal.

[0034] Step 6, Operation of the refrigeration equipment: According to the above-mentioned operating logic of the refrigeration equipment, based on the battery storage capacity and the real-time status of the permafrost, the refrigeration equipment is remotely controlled to enter a dynamic operating state.

[0035] The technological advancements achieved by this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows:

[0036] This invention utilizes multiple sets of refrigeration equipment spaced along both sides of the roadbed. These refrigeration units are driven by wind energy capture units or electric motors, and are connected to evaporators inserted beneath the roadbed to cool the permafrost. During operation, the wind energy capture units convert wind energy into mechanical energy, which initially drives the refrigeration units. Simultaneously, the remaining mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by a generator. This electrical energy drives the electric motor to both mitigate the fluctuations caused by wind energy directly driving the refrigeration units and to assist in starting the wind energy capture units in low-wind conditions. This invention utilizes wind energy to drive both refrigeration and power generation, while the electrical energy drives the electric motor to supplement the mechanical energy of the refrigeration equipment and wind turbines, creating a feedback loop between mechanical and electrical energy—a cascaded recycling of wind energy. This improves the starting performance and power generation of wind turbines in low-wind conditions, enhances wind energy capture efficiency, and improves the continuity and stability of refrigeration. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0038] In the attached diagram:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application status of a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the refrigeration equipment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cabinet structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the wind energy capture unit and the internal structure of the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the wind energy capture unit and the upper tray inside the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the rotating shaft, fixed shaft, planetary speed-increasing gear, and generator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement on the middle layer tray inside the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement on the lower tray inside the cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the refrigeration unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection between the wind energy harvesting unit, the cooling unit, and the electric motor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] In the picture:

[0050] 1-Rack, 101-Upper tray, 102-Middle tray, 103-Lower tray, 104-Connecting port; 2-Stabilized shaft, 201-Annular outer edge, 202-Bearing; 3-Rotating shaft; 4-Hub; 5-Blade; 6-Brake device; 7-Planetary speed increaser gear, 701-Low speed input shaft, 702-High speed output shaft; 8-Coupling; 9-Generator, 901-Stator, 902-Rotor, 903-Shaft structure; 10-Battery; 11-Controller; 12-T-type Angle switch, 1201-Vertical input shaft, 1202-Horizontal input shaft, 1203-Horizontal output shaft; 13-Compressor, 1301-Electromagnetic clutch, 1302-Drive shaft, 1303-Return air port, 1304-Exhaust port; 14-Condenser; 15-Fan; 16-Liquid receiver dryer; 17-Throttle valve; 18-Evaporator; 19-Motor; 20-Buried casing; 21-Roadbed; 22-Permafrost, 2201-Active layer, 2202-Permafrost layer. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wind-powered cooling system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations. The system includes multiple sets of cooling equipment spaced apart along the length of the roadbed. Each cooling equipment includes a wind energy capture unit, a motor 19, and a cooling unit. The wind energy capture unit is connected to the cooling unit and drives it. The wind energy capture unit can also capture wind energy to generate electricity and supply power to the motor 19. The motor 19 assists in driving the cooling unit and in starting the wind energy capture unit in light wind conditions. The evaporators 18 of the multiple cooling units are spaced apart along the length of the roadbed 21 within the permafrost layer 2202 of the permafrost 22 below the roadbed 21 to cool the permafrost. The wind energy capture unit captures wind energy and converts it into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy first drives the cooling unit, while the remaining mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through the generator 9 of the wind energy capture unit. The electrical energy drives the motor 19 to both supplement and smooth the fluctuations caused by wind energy directly driving the cooling unit and to assist in starting the wind energy capture unit in light wind conditions. This scheme achieves cascaded recycling of wind energy through the mutual feedback of mechanical and electrical energy, improves the starting performance and power generation of generators in low-wind environments, enhances wind energy capture efficiency, and improves the continuity and stability of cooling.

[0053] In specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 , 4 As shown in Figure 5, the wind energy harvesting unit includes an impeller, a generator 9, a controller 11, and a battery 10. The impeller includes an upright shaft 3 and multiple blades 5 around it. The multiple blades 5 are arranged vertically and radially evenly distributed around the shaft 3. The blades 5 are connected to the shaft 3 via a hub 4. The lower end of the shaft 3 is connected to the generator 9 via a planetary speed-increasing gear 7. The rotor 902 of the generator 9 drives the refrigeration unit via a T-shaped angle device 12. The generator 9 is connected to the battery 10 via the controller 11. The battery 10 is electrically connected to the motor 19, as shown in Figure 5. Figure 10 As shown in the figure. In this embodiment, there are 5 blades, evenly distributed around the shaft. The wind energy capture unit is a vertical axis wind turbine, which can leverage the advantages of vertical axis wind turbines such as strong wind direction adaptability, compact structure, and low noise to improve wind energy capture efficiency.

[0054] In the specific production process, such as Figure 6As shown, the lower end of the rotating shaft 3 is connected to the low-speed input shaft 701 of the planetary speed-increasing gear 7 via a coupling 8. The high-speed output shaft 702 of the planetary speed-increasing gear 7 is connected to the rotor 902 of the generator 9 via a coupling 8. The lower end of the rotor 902 of the generator 9 is connected to the vertical input shaft 1201 of the T-shaped angle device 12 via a coupling 8. The horizontal input shaft 1202 of the T-shaped angle device 12 is connected to the motor 19 via a coupling 8. The horizontal output shaft of the T-shaped angle device 12 is connected to the drive shaft 1302 of the compressor 13 via a coupling 8. The stator 901 of the generator 9 is fixed to the lower end of the high-speed output shaft 702 via a coupling 8. The planetary speed-increasing gear is used to increase the rotational speed to match the drive requirements of the generator and the refrigeration unit. The preferred speed ratio is 1:10.

[0055] The wind turbine design parameters are based on meeting the speed and torque requirements of the refrigeration compressor drive shaft, and are designed according to the relationship between wind turbine speed / torque and wind speed. The calculation method follows the relevant requirements of the national standard "Wind Turbine Blades for Wind Turbine Generator Sets" (GB / T25383-2010). The wind speed at the application location is determined by consulting and testing the relevant provisions of the national standard "Ground Meteorological Observation Specifications, Wind Direction and Wind Speed" (GBT 35227-2017), and will not be elaborated further. The wind turbine design parameters include length and diameter, and the specific design is as follows:

[0056] (1) When located in a Class I wind energy resource area (annual average effective wind energy density exceeding 200W / m², and annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s exceeding 5000 hours), the wind turbine length is 1.6m and the diameter is 0.9m; (2) When located in a Class II wind energy resource area (annual average effective wind energy density between 150W / m² and 200W / m², and annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s between 3000 and 5000 hours), the wind turbine length is 1.6m and the diameter is 1.2m. m; (3) When located in a Class III wind energy resource area (the annual average effective wind energy density is between 50W / ㎡ and 150W / ㎡, and the annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s is between 2000 and 3000 hours), the wind turbine length is 1.8m and the diameter is 0.9m; (4) When located in a Class IV wind energy resource area (the annual average effective wind energy density is less than 50W / ㎡, and the annual cumulative hours of wind speed of 3-20m / s is less than 2000 hours), the wind turbine length is 1.8m and the diameter is 1.2m.

[0057] As a preferred structure, such as Figure 4As shown, the generator 9, controller 11, battery 10, motor 19, compressor 13, condenser 14, liquid receiver dryer 16, and throttle 17 are all housed in cabinet 1. A base is provided at the bottom of cabinet 1, which is located on the bottom side of roadbed 21. The blades 5 are located on the outer top of cabinet 1. The lower end of the rotating shaft 3 passes through the top of cabinet 1 and connects to the generator 9. A connecting pipe 104 for mates with a medium delivery pipe is provided on the lower side wall of cabinet 1. The evaporator 18 is inserted into the permafrost 2 below roadbed 21. Within the permafrost layer 2202 of 2, the arrangement angle of the evaporator 18 can be adjusted to be horizontal, inclined, or vertical according to the permafrost protection requirements; the rotating shaft 3 is engaged with the mounting hole on the top of the cabinet 1 through the fixed shaft 2, and the rotating shaft 3 and the fixed shaft 2 are rotatably engaged; a braking device 6 and a planetary speed-increasing gear 7 are provided between the fixed shaft 2 and the generator 9; the fixed shaft 2 is connected to the planetary speed-increasing gear 7 through the braking device 6; the planetary speed-increasing gear 7 is connected to the generator 9; the braking device 6, the planetary speed-increasing gear 7, and the generator 9 are all located inside the cabinet 1.

[0058] In actual construction, the server rack serves a protective function. The base is made of concrete and sits on the foundation, supporting the rack and maintaining its stability and levelness. The rack dimensions are height × length × width = 100cm × 60cm × 50cm, with the upper, middle, and lower layers measuring 40cm, 40cm, and 40cm respectively.

[0059] like Figure 6 As shown, the fixed shaft 2 is a hollow tube with an inner diameter of 40mm and a height of 20cm. Bearings 202 are installed in the inner holes at both the upper and lower ends of the fixed shaft 2. The rotating shaft 3 rotates in conjunction with the upper and lower bearings 202. The outer diameter and inner diameter of the bearings are 40mm and 20mm, respectively. A 30mm wide protruding annular outer edge 201 is provided at the lower end of the fixed shaft 2, which serves to fix the fixed shaft to the top of the chassis. The upper end of the annular outer edge 201 extends to the outer top of the cabinet 1. Meanwhile, the rotating shaft 3 has an outer diameter of 20mm and is divided into an upper and lower part along the axial direction. The upper part is located outside the cabinet 1 and has a height of 70cm; the lower part is located inside the cabinet 1 and has an extension length of 5cm.

[0060] In addition, the braking device 6 is an electromagnetic brake, installed on the inner top of the cabinet 1, surrounding the lower part of the rotating shaft 3. Its function is for shutdown maintenance and locking protection of the wind energy capture unit. The shaft structure 903 of the generator 9 is fixed on the upper support plate 101 of the cabinet. The stator 901 is fixed inside the shaft structure 903, and the rotor 902 is fixed at the middle position of the high-speed output shaft 702 of the planetary speed-increasing gear 7. Preferably, the generator 9 has a power output of 800W and a DC voltage of 24V.

[0061] The battery 10 is a low-temperature resistant gel battery; in this embodiment, two 12V 50Ah batteries are selected. The controller 11 has the following functions: first, to prevent overcharging or over-discharging of the battery 10 and extend its service life; second, to supply power to the electromagnetic clutch and motor 19 of the refrigeration unit and ensure the stability of the output voltage (DC24V); and third, to dynamically control the opening and closing of the output power supply according to the preset power supply mode, the cooling requirements of permafrost, or the battery status.

[0062] The T-shaped angle device 12 is used to convert the rotational mechanical energy of the vertical input shaft 1201 into the rotational mechanical energy of the horizontal output shaft 1203, with a transmission ratio of 1:2; and to transmit the rotational mechanical energy of the horizontal input shaft, with a transmission ratio of 1:1.

[0063] The working principle of the aforementioned wind energy capture unit is as follows: First, the impeller blades capture wind energy from nature, driving the shaft to rotate, thereby converting wind energy into mechanical energy. During the shaft rotation, on the one hand, the generator rotor rotates, cutting the stator's magnetic field lines to generate electrical energy, which is then stored in the battery. On the other hand, the rotor's mechanical energy continues to be converted into mechanical energy on its horizontal output shaft through a T-shaped angle converter to drive the refrigeration unit. The beneficial effect of this design is improved mechanical energy utilization efficiency.

[0064] In specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 9 As shown, the refrigeration unit includes a compressor 13, a condenser 14, a liquid receiver-dryer 16, a throttle valve 17, and an evaporator 18. The exhaust port 1304 of the compressor 13 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 14, the outlet of the condenser 14 is connected to the inlet of the liquid receiver-dryer 16, and a fan 15 is provided on the side of the condenser 14. The outlet of the liquid receiver-dryer 16 is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve 17, the outlet of the throttle valve 17 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 18, and the outlet of the evaporator 18 is connected to the return port 1303 of the compressor 13. The compressor 13, evaporator 18, throttle valve 17, liquid receiver-dryer 16, condenser 14, and compressor 13 are connected in sequence through a medium conveying pipe to form a closed loop, and the closed loop is filled with refrigerant.

[0065] As a preferred structure, such as Figure 7As shown, the compressor 13 includes a drive shaft 1302 and a compression chamber with an internal piston. One end of the drive shaft 1302 is connected to the horizontal output shaft 1203 of the T-shaped angle device 12, and the other end of the drive shaft 1302 is connected to the piston. An electromagnetic clutch 1301 is provided on the drive shaft 1302. The compression chamber has a return port 1303 and an exhaust port 1304. The return port 1303 is located on the top of an auxiliary tank connected to the bottom of the compression chamber, and the exhaust port 1304 is located on the top of the compression chamber. The compressor is a mechanical compressor and is the driving source of the refrigeration unit. Its function is to drive the reciprocating motion of the piston in the compression chamber by rotating the drive shaft. By changing the internal pressure of the compression chamber, it draws in the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator through the return port, compresses it into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas, and discharges it to the condenser through the exhaust port. The electromagnetic clutch on the drive shaft is powered by DC 24V and its function is to connect or disconnect the power transmission path between the compression chamber and the drive shaft.

[0066] In the specific design, the compressor 13 has a rated input power range of 300-600W and a rated speed range of 600-3000 r / min; the refrigerant type is R134a, the coefficient of performance (COP) ranges from 1.2 to 1.7, and the rated cooling power ranges from 400-800W, with the cooling power being positively correlated with the drive shaft speed. The condenser is a cubic, air-cooled finned tube condenser, its function being to cool the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the compressor into a liquid refrigerant. Preferably, the condenser dimensions are height × length × width = 35cm × 35cm × 10cm, with a rated heat dissipation power of 1000W.

[0067] The liquid storage dryer 16 is made of metal drying bottle with a liquid refrigerant storage capacity of 600g. Its function is to store liquid refrigerant from the condenser and automatically adjust the discharge amount according to the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet.

[0068] The throttling device 17 is a capillary tube, specifically a 1.5m long copper tube with an outer diameter of 1.8mm, a wall thickness of 0.5mm, and an inner diameter of 0.8mm, coiled into a spiral column. Its function is to control the flow rate of liquid refrigerant from the receiver-drier and reduce its pressure, thus adjusting the liquid refrigerant into a gas-liquid mixture. Simultaneously, the medium delivery pipe uses a copper tube with an outer diameter of 8mm, a wall thickness of 1mm, and an inner diameter of 6mm to reduce the frictional resistance along the refrigerant flow path.

[0069] In specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 9, the evaporator 18 is installed inside the buried sleeve 20. The evaporator 18 includes a straight section and a spiral section, with the spiral section spirally coiled around the outside of the straight section. The function of the evaporator is to allow the gas-liquid mixture refrigerant from the throttling device to absorb heat and vaporize, thereby producing a cooling effect. In this embodiment, the evaporator 18 is made of a copper tube with a diameter of 6 mm, a wall thickness of 0.6 mm, an inner diameter of 4.8 mm, and a length between 20-50 m. The specific length is determined according to the spatial range of permafrost protection. The spiral section has a diameter of 75 mm and a pitch of 5-15 cm, which is convenient to prepare and easy to implant into the permafrost layer in the field by drilling. When the length of the evaporator copper tube is 20 m, the refrigerant filling amount is selected as 300 g, and then adjusted according to the ratio of refrigerant mass to copper tube length of 10 g / 1 m. When the evaporator copper tube is 50 m, the refrigerant filling amount is 600 g. The evaporator installation scheme is as follows:

[0070] Based on the distribution depth and range of permafrost degradation and thaw settlement, evaporators are implanted into the permafrost layer through drilling. The length of the evaporator is determined according to the permafrost protection depth range, ranging from several meters to tens of meters, and can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch and diameter. The effective cooling range of each evaporator is 3.0m. When the permafrost area is large, multiple evaporators are arranged in an array at certain intervals, with a maximum interval of 6.0m between adjacent evaporators.

[0071] The selection scheme for the electric motor is as follows:

[0072] The motor is a brushless DC motor with a speed range of 600-3000 rpm. The motor is powered by the controller of the wind energy harvesting unit. Preferably, the motor's rated power consumption is 120W, and it includes a stepless speed control function, meaning that under a fixed input power condition, it automatically matches the relationship between torque and speed, and also has a high-speed self-protection function with a critical protection speed of 3000 r / min.

[0073] In specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3 , 5 As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the cabinet 1 has an upper tray 101 and a middle tray 102 inside, and a lower tray 103 at the bottom. The condenser 14, fan 15, liquid receiver dryer 16, and throttle 17 are all mounted on the lower tray 103. The T-shaped corner unit 12, compressor 13, and motor 19 are all mounted on the middle tray 102, and the compressor 13 and motor 19 are respectively mounted on both sides of the T-shaped corner unit 12, forming a dual-drive scheme for the compressor that combines wind power and electric motor mechanical energy. The generator 9, battery 10, and controller 11 are all mounted on the upper tray 101.

[0074] Except for the cabinet, fixed shaft, and rotating shaft, which require customization, all other components of the aforementioned refrigeration equipment are commercially available products from the industrial sector. This facilitates procurement, results in low manufacturing costs, high efficiency, and reliable performance, and makes it suitable for large-scale production. The assembly scheme for the refrigeration equipment is as follows:

[0075] Step 1: Prepare the cabinet, fixed shaft, and rotating shaft, and purchase the aforementioned required components according to the design specifications.

[0076] Step 2: Following the aforementioned component layout, fix the fixed shaft, rotating shaft, hub, and wind turbine blades to the outer top of the cabinet. On the inner top of the cabinet, connect the bottom end of the rotating shaft to the input shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear via a coupling. Install the generator stator along the lower outer edge of the fixed shaft, and install the braking device and generator rotor on the output shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear.

[0077] Step 3: Remove the trays from inside the cabinet. Install the controller on the left side of the upper tray, the generator shaft structure in the middle, and the battery on the right. On the middle tray, install the motor on the left, the T-shaped angle bracket in the middle, and the compressor on the right. Connect the motor's output shaft to the horizontal input shaft of the T-shaped angle bracket using a coupling, and connect the T-shaped angle bracket's horizontal output shaft to the compressor's drive shaft. On the lower tray, install the throttle, receiver-dryer, and condenser sequentially from left to right. Weld the condenser's outlet to the receiver-dryer's inlet, and the receiver-dryer's outlet to the throttle's inlet, ensuring a secure connection. After installation, insert each tray into the guide slots on the cabinet's inner wall and secure it.

[0078] Step 4: Electrical connections of the various electrical components inside the cabinet. Connect the generator of the wind energy harvesting unit to the input terminal of the controller, connect the energy storage terminal of the controller to the battery, and connect the output terminal of the controller to the electromagnetic clutches of the braking device, motor, fan, and compressor, respectively.

[0079] Step 5: Mechanical connection of the moving parts inside the cabinet. Connect the bottom end of the output shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear to the top end of the generator rotor via a coupling, and connect the bottom end of the generator rotor to the vertical input shaft of the T-shaped angler.

[0080] Step 6: Connect the refrigerant circulation loop of the internal cooling unit of the cabinet. Use a threaded connector to connect the compressor's exhaust port to the condenser's inlet for easy operation and later maintenance.

[0081] The beneficial effects of the component layout and assembly scheme of the above-mentioned refrigeration equipment are as follows: First, the upper, middle, and lower trays inside the cabinet mainly serve the functions of electrical energy conversion and storage, refrigeration power, heat energy conversion, and cooling output, respectively. The functions of each layer are clearly defined, and the equipment structure is simple and orderly. Second, the trays are modularly installed; after installation, the components on the trays are pushed into the cabinet for fixation, facilitating large-scale production. Third, the models of the refrigeration and generator units are clearly defined, and the wind energy capture unit is selected according to the local wind energy resource distribution conditions, with specific selection schemes provided. In practical applications, the number of devices is designed based on the permafrost warming conditions, demonstrating strong adaptability to various scenarios. Fourth, the modular manufacturing and installation of the equipment, with trays supported by guide rails, facilitates equipment maintenance and upgrades.

[0082] Currently, the main technical challenges facing conventional wind turbines and refrigeration compressors are: under light wind and low wind speed conditions, the rotor blades drive the shaft at relatively low speeds. Wind turbines have a starting speed threshold for power generation (600 r / min), and refrigeration compressors have a starting speed threshold for cooling; these thresholds correspond to wind speeds of 3-5 m / s. Furthermore, full-load power generation (1500-2000 r / min) and cooling (2000-3000 r / min) are only possible after reaching rated speeds. However, further increases in wind speed can lead to excessively high speeds, excessive wear and tear on the generator and compressor, and potential damage. The wind speed corresponding to this rated speed is typically 12-15 m / s. Therefore, both wind turbines and refrigeration compressors require a reasonable wind speed range. However, wind speeds in nature vary greatly, wind direction changes frequently, and their occurrence and cessation are difficult to predict. Consequently, the operating efficiency of both wind turbines and refrigeration compressors suffers from high randomness, difficulty in control, and instability.

[0083] The refrigeration equipment provided by this invention uses mechanical energy converted from wind energy as the main driving source and electrical energy converted from wind turbine as the auxiliary driving source. That is, the main path of wind energy utilization is "wind energy-mechanical energy" and the auxiliary path is "wind energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy".

[0084] The benefits of using "wind energy-mechanical energy" as the main path for wind energy utilization are: compared to conventional wind power generation systems, it reduces the loss rate in the multi-stage energy conversion process and improves the utilization rate of wind energy. Compared to the conventional wind power generation system that drives an electric refrigeration compressor, it can reduce the size and number of wind-capturing components such as wind turbine blades. On the one hand, it can adapt to narrow spaces along traffic lines, and on the other hand, it helps to reduce equipment investment and costs, and improves the practicality and adaptability of permafrost protection technology.

[0085] The beneficial effects of using "wind energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy" as a secondary path for wind energy utilization are as follows: First, while the impeller blades drive the shaft to rotate and power the refrigeration compressor, the mechanical energy contained in the inertial rotation of the shaft can be collected and converted into electrical energy through a generator, improving the utilization rate of wind energy. Second, the electrical energy from the generator is stored in a battery to drive the electric motor. When the electric motor is running, it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmits it to the compressor through a T-shaped angler, supplementing the mechanical energy of the compressor's drive shaft. This helps to balance the fluctuations caused by unstable natural wind speeds, playing a "valley-filling" role and improving the stability and continuity of wind energy utilization. Third, the planetary speed-increasing gear, T-shaped angler, and other mechanical transmission components all have bidirectional transmission functions, and while the electric motor is running, it also helps to maintain the rotational speed and torque level of the shaft. Conventional wind turbines are typically equipped with auxiliary starting mechanisms, which provide the necessary initial power to help start the turbine in low wind speed conditions, driven by an additional power source. The "wind energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy" auxiliary path of this invention can provide this auxiliary starting function in low-wind environments, thereby improving the starting performance and power generation efficiency of wind turbines under low wind and light wind conditions. Fourth, the generator output shaft, compressor drive shaft, and rotating shaft (planetary speed-increasing gear) are linked by a T-shaped angle device, creating a mutually driving and mutually restrictive relationship. Therefore, under high wind speed conditions, the automatic speed-limiting protection function of the electric motor can synchronously limit the speed of the rotating shaft and compressor drive shaft, preventing high-speed wear and damage to components, thus playing a "peak-shaving" role and improving the safety of wind energy utilization. In summary, by adding this auxiliary path, a closed-loop energy feedback utilization mode with mechanical energy as the main source and electrical energy as the auxiliary source is formed, improving the wind energy utilization efficiency, cooling efficiency, stability, continuity, and safety of wind-driven refrigeration equipment.

[0086] This invention also provides an operation method for a wind-powered refrigeration system used to maintain the thermal stability of permafrost foundations. The control logic is as follows: the primary objective is to improve the continuous operation of the refrigeration unit, and the secondary objective is to improve the battery life. The controller of the wind energy harvesting unit uses two indicators—permafrost temperature and battery storage capacity—as the control basis. The specific operation logic is as follows:

[0087] First, when the battery's charge level is greater than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery's output terminal to turn on the power supply, and the motor runs; conversely, when the charge level is less than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery's output terminal to turn off the power supply, and the motor stops; when the battery's charge level is greater than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery's energy storage terminal to turn off charging; conversely, when the charge level is less than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery's energy storage terminal to turn on charging; the purpose is to prevent the battery from being overcharged or over-discharged.

[0088] Second, when the temperature of the permafrost foundation is lower than the cooling target value (the temperature requirement for low-temperature stable permafrost is below -2.5 ℃), the controller adjusts the braking device to open and then shuts off the generator's power supply to the motor. The purpose is to prevent the refrigeration equipment from running excessively and reduce the wear and tear of mechanical parts when the thermal stability of the permafrost is good. Conversely, when the temperature of the permafrost is higher than the cooling target value, the controller adjusts the generator's output to open the power supply to the motor and shuts off the braking device.

[0089] Third, when the battery charge is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the controller disengages the electromagnetic clutch, the compressor drive shaft is unloaded, the refrigeration unit stops, and it operates in a single wind power generation mode. When the battery charge is greater than 50%, the electromagnetic clutch engages, the compressor drive shaft is under load, and it operates in both wind power generation and refrigeration unit operation modes. The purpose is to address the fluctuating characteristics of wind energy and prevent the refrigeration unit compressor from idling when the speed and torque of the "wind energy-mechanical energy" path are insufficient, leading to substandard cooling temperature and efficiency, and wasted energy. By combining electrical and mechanical energy, the effective operating time of the refrigeration unit can be indirectly increased through intermittent operation.

[0090] The three control logics mentioned above have decreasing priorities from first to third. The beneficial effect of this control logic is that it balances the goals of permafrost protection with the performance assurance of refrigeration equipment, including overcharge and over-discharge protection for the battery, shutdown protection for the refrigeration equipment, and continuous operation protection for the refrigeration unit.

[0091] This invention also provides an application method for a wind-powered refrigeration system used to maintain the thermal stability of permafrost foundations, the application of which includes the following steps:

[0092] Step 1: For permafrost protection scenarios, assess the warming and degradation of permafrost using a combination of temperature measurement and ground-penetrating radar. Assessment parameters include the planar extent, depth extent, average temperature, and cooling load of permafrost warming and degradation. The depth extent of permafrost degradation includes the upper limit depth. H 1 and lower limit depth H 2; Cooling load refers to the cooling capacity corresponding to the permafrost foundation. Q The calculation is as follows:

[0093] (1)

[0094] In the formula, ρ Density of permafrost, kg / m³ 3 ; c The specific heat capacity of permafrost is J / (kg·℃); A The area of ​​the permafrost thermal stability maintenance zone is in m². 2 ; The temperature increase per unit time in the permafrost protected area is expressed in °C / s. h The overall heat transfer coefficient of the permafrost base surface, W / (m²). 2 ·℃); Δ T The value represents the hourly difference between the surface temperature of the permafrost base and the atmospheric temperature, expressed in °C.

[0095] Step 2 involves designing and determining the evaporator layout parameters and refrigerant charge of the refrigeration equipment. The evaporator layout parameters include the length of the evaporator. L Spacing D ,quantity N .

[0096] The depth range of permafrost degradation due to warming is equal to the length of the evaporator. L ,Right now L=H 2- H 1. The coil length is determined using a diameter of 75mm and a thread pitch of 10cm. The refrigerant charge is calculated based on the evaporator coil length, according to the aforementioned recommendations. The number of evaporators... N The calculation is as follows:

[0097] (2)

[0098] In the formula, q The rated cooling capacity is 400-800W, depending on the local wind conditions.

[0099] Evaporator arrangement spacing D The calculation is as follows:

[0100] (3)

[0101] Step 3: Prepare the refrigeration equipment. First, prepare the evaporators according to the evaporator arrangement parameters determined in Step 2, specifying the required dimensions and quantity. Then, based on the local wind energy resources and following the aforementioned recommendations for wind turbine selection in the wind energy capture unit, determine the length and diameter of the wind turbine and prepare it. N A set of refrigeration cabinets.

[0102] Step 4: Install the refrigeration equipment on site; first, according to the evaporator length... L Drill holes with a diameter of 75mm (recommended) and insert the evaporator. Protect the top of the evaporator with an end cap to prevent damage. Then, level the ground near the evaporator and install the base and chassis of the cabinet, ensuring the base is stable and level.

[0103] Step 5: Connecting and Debugging the Refrigeration Equipment. First, connect the expansion valve outlet to the evaporator inlet and the compressor return port to the evaporator outlet using threaded connectors, thus connecting the components of the refrigeration unit into a closed loop. Then, install a check valve on the pipeline between the compressor return port and the evaporator outlet, and connect a vacuum pump through the check valve to evacuate the closed loop of the refrigeration unit, then fill it with the refrigerant mass determined in Step 3. Finally, check the overall operating status of the equipment using the controller to ensure it is operating normally.

[0104] Step 6: Operation of the refrigeration equipment. Following the aforementioned control logic of the refrigeration equipment, and based on the battery's stored capacity and the real-time status of the permafrost, the refrigeration equipment is remotely controlled to enter a dynamic operating state.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0106] This invention provides a device solution that more fully utilizes wind energy to drive the refrigeration cycle. Addressing the characteristics of fluctuating wind speeds, high randomness, and unstable wind-mechanical energy output, it offers a cyclical energy feedback scheme involving wind, mechanical, and electrical energy. Through an electrical control method combining a controller, motor, braking device, and electromagnetic clutch, a three-layer control logic is constructed to prevent battery overcharging and over-discharging, excessive operation of the refrigeration equipment, and idling of the refrigeration compressor. A reasonable intermittent or alternating operation mode is proposed between the wind energy capture unit, the refrigeration unit, and the motor. This achieves increased cooling output density through the complementarity of mechanical and wind energy, improving the continuity of stable refrigeration equipment operation, thereby significantly increasing the effective cooling time and extending the long-term service life of the equipment. The refrigeration system of this invention features high wind energy utilization, long cumulative effective cooling time, and strong adaptability to fluctuating wind conditions, achieving the dual goals of permafrost protection and energy saving.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for operating a wind-powered cooling system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations, the wind-powered cooling system comprising multiple sets of cooling equipment spaced apart along the length of the roadbed, each cooling equipment comprising a wind energy capture unit, a motor, and a cooling unit, wherein the wind energy capture unit is connected to the cooling unit and is used to drive the cooling unit; the wind energy capture unit is also capable of capturing wind energy to generate electricity and supplying power to the motor, the motor being used to assist in driving the cooling unit and to assist in starting the wind energy capture unit in light winds; the evaporators of the multiple sets of cooling units are spaced apart along the length of the roadbed within the permafrost layer of the permafrost below the roadbed; The wind energy harvesting unit includes an impeller, a generator, a controller, and a battery. The impeller includes an upright shaft and multiple blades around it. The blades are arranged vertically and radially evenly distributed around the shaft. The blades are connected to the shaft via a hub. The lower end of the shaft is connected to the generator via a planetary speed-increasing gear. The rotor of the generator drives a refrigeration unit via a T-shaped angle gear. The generator is connected to the battery via the controller, and the battery is electrically connected to a motor. The refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver-drier, a throttling device, and an evaporator. The compressor's exhaust port is connected to the condenser's inlet, the condenser's outlet is connected to the liquid receiver-drier's inlet, and a fan is installed on the side of the condenser. The liquid receiver-drier's outlet is connected to the throttling device's inlet, the throttling device's outlet is connected to the evaporator's inlet, and the evaporator's outlet is connected to the compressor's return port. The compressor, evaporator, throttling device, liquid receiver-drier, condenser, and compressor are sequentially connected via a medium delivery pipe to form a closed loop, which is filled with refrigerant. The compressor includes a drive shaft and a compression chamber with an internal piston. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the rotor of the generator and the output end of the motor via a T-shaped angle bracket. The other end of the drive shaft is connected to the piston. An electromagnetic clutch is provided on the drive shaft. The compression chamber is provided with a return air port and an exhaust air port. The return air port is located on the top of the auxiliary tank on the side of the compression chamber and communicates with its bottom. The exhaust air port is located on the top of the compression chamber. Its features are, The operating logic of the refrigeration equipment is as follows: First, when the battery's charge level is greater than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery's output terminal to turn on the power supply, and the motor runs; conversely, when the charge level is less than 20%, the controller adjusts the battery's output terminal to turn off the power supply, and the motor stops; when the battery's charge level is greater than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery's energy storage terminal to turn off charging; conversely, when the charge level is less than 95%, the controller adjusts the battery's energy storage terminal to turn on charging. Second, when the temperature of the permafrost foundation is lower than the cooling target value, the controller adjusts the braking device to open and then shuts off the generator's power supply to the motor; conversely, when the temperature of the permafrost is higher than the cooling target value, the controller adjusts the generator's output to open the power supply and shuts off the braking device. Third, when the battery charge is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic clutch to disengage, the compressor drive shaft is in an unloaded state, the refrigeration unit stops, and it is in a single wind power generation mode; when the battery charge is greater than 50%, the electromagnetic clutch engages, the compressor drive shaft is in a loaded state, and it is in both wind power generation and refrigeration unit start-up mode.

2. The operation method of a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporator is installed inside a buried casing. The evaporator includes a straight section and a spiral section, with the spiral section spirally coiled around the outside of the straight section.

3. The operation method of a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to the low-speed input shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear via a coupling, and the high-speed output shaft of the planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the rotor of the generator via a coupling; the lower end of the generator rotor is connected to the vertical input shaft of the T-type angle device via a coupling, the horizontal input shaft of the T-type angle device is connected to the motor via a coupling, and the horizontal output shaft of the T-type angle device is connected to the drive shaft of the compressor via a coupling.

4. The operation method of a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations according to claim 3, characterized in that: The generator, controller, battery, motor, compressor, condenser, liquid receiver dryer, and throttle are all housed in a cabinet. The cabinet has a base at the bottom, which is located on the bottom side of the roadbed. The blades are located on the top outer side of the cabinet. The lower end of the rotating shaft passes through the top of the cabinet and is connected to the generator. The lower side wall of the cabinet has a connector for the medium delivery pipe. The evaporator is inserted at an angle into the permafrost layer of the permafrost below the roadbed. The rotating shaft engages with the mounting hole on the top of the cabinet via a fixed shaft. The rotating shaft and the fixed shaft rotate in coordination. A braking device and a planetary speed-increasing gear are provided between the fixed shaft and the generator. The fixed shaft is connected to the planetary speed-increasing gear via the braking device. The planetary speed-increasing gear is connected to the generator. The braking device, the planetary speed-increasing gear, and the generator are all located inside the cabinet.

5. The operation method of a wind-powered refrigeration system for maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost foundations according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cabinet has an upper tray and a middle tray inside, and the bottom of the cabinet is a lower tray. The condenser, liquid receiver dryer, and throttle are all located on the lower tray. The T-shaped corner unit, compressor, and motor are all located on the middle tray, with the compressor and motor located on opposite sides of the T-shaped corner unit. The battery and controller are located on the upper tray.

6. An application method for a wind-powered refrigeration system used to maintain the thermal stability of permafrost foundations, characterized in that, The application of the refrigeration equipment as described in claim 1 includes the following steps: Step 1: For permafrost protection scenarios, assess the permafrost warming and degradation situation. Assessment parameters include the planar range, depth range, average temperature, and cooling load of permafrost warming and degradation. The depth range of permafrost degradation includes the upper limit depth. H 1 and lower limit depth H 2; Cooling load refers to the cooling capacity corresponding to the permafrost foundation. Q The calculation is as follows: （1） In the formula, ρ Density of permafrost, kg / m³ 3 ; c The specific heat capacity of permafrost is J / (kg·℃); A The area of ​​the permafrost thermal stability maintenance zone is in m². 2 ; The temperature increase per unit time in the permafrost protected area is expressed in °C / s. h The overall heat transfer coefficient of the permafrost base surface, W / (m²). 2 ·℃); Δ T The time-varying difference between surface temperature and atmospheric temperature in permafrost areas, expressed in °C. Step 2 involves designing and determining the evaporator layout parameters and refrigerant charge of the refrigeration equipment. The evaporator layout parameters include the length of the evaporator. L Spacing D ,quantity N ; The depth range of permafrost degradation due to warming is equal to the length of the evaporator. L ,Right now L=H 2- H 1; Number of evaporators N The calculation is as follows: （2） In the formula, q The cooling capacity of a single refrigeration unit is expressed in W. Evaporator arrangement spacing D The calculation is as follows: （3） Step 3: Prepare the refrigeration equipment; Step 4: Install refrigeration equipment on site; Step 5: Connecting and debugging the refrigeration equipment; Step 6: Operating the refrigeration equipment.

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