Self-adaptive pressure slow-release system and method suitable for mine high-fall filling

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine filling conveying and underground safety protection, in particular to a self-adaptive pressure slow-release system and method suitable for mine high-fall filling. The method comprises the steps that after measurement data of the mine high-fall filling main pipeline are collected and action sections are divided, section-level target energy absorption is calculated; the impact frequency band characteristics of the action section are matched with the dynamic characteristics of the slow-release module, and mechanical parameters of the slow-release module are obtained; and on the basis of mechanical parameters of the slow release module, a throttling opening piecewise function is constructed, the actual energy absorption capacity of the slow release module is calculated, the total energy absorption capacity is obtained, and pressure slow release is achieved by combining section-level target energy absorption and parameters of the slow release module through closed-loop adjustment. The problems that a traditional pressure slow release method lacks accurate recognition and segmented control over the characteristics of pressure waves along the way, the energy absorption efficiency is low, and false triggering or delayed response is likely to happen are solved; hysteresis control is lacked, so that secondary fluctuation of flow and pressure is easily caused; a closed-loop verification mechanism is lacked, and the problem of insufficient configuration or excessive configuration exists.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine filling, transportation and underground safety protection, and in particular to an adaptive pressure release system and method suitable for high-drop filling in mines. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of green mine construction, mine filling technology can achieve timely backfilling of goafs during the mining process, prevent surface collapse, control surrounding rock deformation, and effectively utilize tailings resources. In deep mines and high-drop tunnels, the filling medium is mostly high-concentration slurry, which is transported to the working face through long-distance, high-drop main pipelines. Due to the limitations of the terrain and shaft structure, the filling pipeline often contains vertical shafts, inclined tunnels and multiple bends. During the transportation process, it is very easy to generate large pressure fluctuations due to the conversion of high-drop potential energy into kinetic energy. Especially in the case of starting and stopping pumps, valve adjustment or sudden flow changes, a significant water hammer effect and shock wave propagation will be formed. Such impacts will not only cause fatigue damage to pipelines and joints, but may also cause flange leakage, bracket loosening and even pipeline rupture, affecting the safe operation of the mine filling system.

[0003] At the same time, the complex operating environment, limited installation space, and high operational continuity requirements of mines place high demands on slow-release devices, demanding a compact structure, rapid response, no need for external energy sources, and easy maintenance. Therefore, developing a passive slow-release system that can adaptively respond to pressure fluctuations and efficiently dissipate impact energy for high-drop filling conditions in mines has significant engineering significance and application value.

[0004] However, the traditional pressure relief method has the following technical problems: in the high-drop filling process of mines, there is a general lack of accurate identification and segmented control of the pressure wave characteristics along the process, the energy absorption efficiency is low, and it is easy to cause false triggering or delayed response in the non-overlimit state, resulting in untimely energy release; the lack of hysteresis control makes it easy to produce repeated switching under conditions of frequent pressure fluctuations, causing secondary fluctuations in flow and pressure, and reducing system stability; in addition, the traditional pressure relief method is often difficult to achieve modular installation and maintenance in limited underground space. The main pipeline operation needs to be interrupted during maintenance, affecting continuous filling operations, and the design of energy absorption capacity mostly relies on empirical values, lacks a closed-loop verification mechanism, and has problems of insufficient or excessive configuration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an adaptive pressure relief system and method suitable for high-drop filling in mines, so as to solve the common problems of traditional pressure relief methods in the process of high-drop filling in mines, such as lack of accurate identification and segmented control of pressure wave characteristics along the process, low energy absorption efficiency and easy false triggering or delayed response in the non-overlimit state, resulting in untimely energy release; lack of hysteresis control, easy to produce repeated switching under conditions of frequent pressure fluctuations, causing secondary fluctuations in flow and pressure, and reducing system stability; difficulty in modular installation and maintenance in limited underground space, and need to interrupt the main pipeline operation during maintenance, affecting continuous filling operations, and the design of energy absorption capacity mostly relies on empirical values, lacks a closed-loop verification mechanism, and has the problem of insufficient or excessive configuration.

[0006] The present invention provides an adaptive pressure release system and method suitable for high-drop filling in mines, specifically including the following technical solutions:

[0007] An adaptive pressure relief method for high-drop filling in mines, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Collect measurement data of the mine's high-drop filling main pipeline, divide the filling main pipeline into action sections, and calculate the segment-level target energy absorption; match the impact frequency band characteristics of the action section with the dynamic characteristics of the slow-release module to obtain the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module;

[0009] S2. Based on the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, a piecewise function of the throttling opening is constructed, and the actual equivalent damping coefficient is calculated. Based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, the actual energy absorption capacity of the slow-release module is calculated to obtain the total energy absorption. Based on the total energy absorption, combined with the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted in a closed-loop manner to achieve pressure slow release.

[0010] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:

[0011] The measurement data include pressure data, flow data, geometric parameters of the pipeline and physical properties of the filling medium.

[0012] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:

[0013] After dividing the action segments, the pressure data is processed into a pressure-time history, the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak is selected as the calculation window, and the comprehensive bulk modulus of each segment is measured; based on the comprehensive bulk modulus, combined with the preset trigger pressure threshold, the segment-level target energy absorption is calculated.

[0014] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:

[0015] Based on the pressure-time history in the above calculation window, the main impact frequency of the pressure wave is obtained; an interrelated constraint formula is introduced to match the main impact frequency of the pressure wave with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, which include the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient.

[0016] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:

[0017] In the constraint formula, a frequency matching constraint is established based on the main impact frequency of the pressure wave to obtain the ratio of the elastic element stiffness to the mass of the inertial mass block. Then, combined with the preset target damping ratio, a damping ratio matching constraint is established to calculate the target equivalent damping coefficient. Then, based on the trigger pressure threshold, combined with the main pipe cross-sectional area and the minimum entry stroke of the inertial mass block, an entry condition constraint is constructed to check whether the elastic element stiffness meets the entry condition. If not, the mass of the inertial mass block is adjusted, and the elastic element stiffness and the target equivalent damping coefficient are recalculated until all three constraints are simultaneously met.

[0018] Preferably, the S2 specifically includes:

[0019] In the described throttling opening piecewise function, according to the pressure change, combined with the preset hysteresis lower limit, hysteresis upper limit and opening upper limit, a piecewise hysteresis opening curve of the entry section, high section and exit section is generated, and the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttling opening is output; based on the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttling opening, a damping increment coefficient is introduced to obtain the actual equivalent damping coefficient, and the actual flow energy consumption characteristics are quantified.

[0020] Preferably, the S2 specifically includes:

[0021] Based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient and the instantaneous displacement velocity of the inertial mass block, the energy dissipation rate is obtained. Based on the energy dissipation rate, the total energy absorption is obtained by integrating the throttling pressure drop and the instantaneous flow rate of the bypass branch. The throttling pressure drop is generated based on the instantaneous flow rate of the bypass branch, the throttling aperture, the viscosity of the damping fluid, and the slurry density.

[0022] Preferably, the S2 specifically includes:

[0023] The total energy absorption is compared with the segment-level target energy absorption. When the total energy absorption is less than the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted until the adjusted total energy absorption meets or exceeds the segment-level target energy absorption, and the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient are kept unchanged. The parameters of the slow-release module obtained after adjustment are installed according to the predetermined layout strategy, and pressure loading and interlocking detection are carried out. When the pressure during operation does not exceed the trigger pressure threshold, the main flow passes directly. When the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded, the slow-release module enters the energy absorption state and returns to its position after the impact disappears.

[0024] An adaptive pressure relief system suitable for high-drop filling in mines, comprising the following parts:

[0025] Along-process monitoring module, segmented modeling module, mechanical parameter matching module, throttling characteristic realization module, energy absorption capacity calculation module, parameter closed-loop adjustment module, module integration and installation module;

[0026] The along-line monitoring module collects pressure data and flow data in real time, and simultaneously collects geometric parameters of the pipeline and physical properties of the filling medium, outputs the measurement data and transmits it to the segmented modeling module and the energy absorption capacity calculation module;

[0027] The segmented modeling module divides the filling main pipeline into action segments, processes the measured data into the pressure-time history of each action segment, selects the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak as the calculation window, measures the comprehensive bulk modulus of the segment, and calculates the target energy absorption of the segment when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded to obtain the segment-level target energy absorption; transmits the pressure-time history contained in the calculation window to the mechanical parameter matching module; and transmits the segment-level target energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module;

[0028] The mechanical parameter matching module obtains the main impact frequency of the pressure wave based on the received pressure time history; introduces an interrelated constraint formula to match the main impact frequency of the pressure wave with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module to obtain the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient of the slow-release module; and transmits the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient to the throttling characteristic implementation module and the parameter closed-loop adjustment module;

[0029] The throttling characteristic realization module constructs a throttling opening piecewise function based on the target equivalent damping coefficient, generates piecewise hysteresis opening curves for the entry section, high section, and exit section, outputs the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttling opening, and obtains the actual equivalent damping coefficient; and transmits the actual equivalent damping coefficient to the energy absorption capacity calculation module;

[0030] The energy absorption capacity calculation module calculates the total energy absorption of the slow-release module within the target action section based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient; and transmits the total energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module;

[0031] The parameter closed-loop adjustment module compares the total energy absorption with the segment-level target energy absorption. When the total energy absorption is lower than the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted in sequence until the total energy absorption meets or exceeds the segment-level target energy absorption, while keeping the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient unchanged; the adjusted parameters of the slow-release module are output to the module integration and installation module;

[0032] The module integration and installation module installs the slow-release modules after closed-loop adjustment according to a predetermined layout strategy, and performs pressure loading and interlocking tests to confirm that the performance of each module meets the design requirements.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are:

[0034] 1. The present invention can accurately match the pressure wave characteristics of different action sections along the high-drop filling process in a mine. Through on-site measurement and segmented calculation, the target energy absorption requirement of each action section is obtained, and this segment-level target energy absorption requirement is directly converted into mechanical parameters such as the mass of the inertial mass block of the slow-release module, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient. This ensures that the inherent response frequency of the slow-release module is consistent with the main energy frequency of the shock wave, and operates efficiently within the frequency band with the highest energy transfer efficiency.

[0035] 2. Multiple constraints are introduced in the design to ensure that the pressure relief module enters the working state only when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded, avoiding false operation during normal operation or slight fluctuations. At the same time, it can quickly enter the energy absorption state when a pressure peak occurs and return to its position stably after the shock wave disappears, improving the safety and reliability of the adaptive pressure relief system.

[0036] 3. Through the mechanical cam-throttle plate combination and hysteresis locking structure, the throttling opening is adjusted in stages according to the pressure change, which not only ensures a rapid opening response when approaching the trigger pressure threshold, but also limits the maximum opening in the high-position stage to prevent excessive diversion from affecting the mainstream slurry supply. At the same time, the hysteresis characteristics in the exit stage avoid system oscillations caused by frequent opening and closing, thereby improving the stability of the slow release process.

[0037] 4. The integrated design of inertial mass block, spring and damping chamber is adopted, and it is combined with bypass or parallel piping arrangement. It has a compact structure and is easy to install. It can realize modular arrangement without changing the original main pipeline structure. During maintenance, the mainstream can be kept unobstructed by switching the bypass valve, thus reducing downtime. In the energy absorption capacity verification link, through the closed-loop comparison of the total energy absorption and the segment-level target energy absorption, combined with the fine adjustment of the damping chamber volume, throttling aperture, and damping fluid viscosity, the final configuration of the slow-release module can meet the safety redundancy in terms of energy absorption while avoiding the cost increase and space waste caused by over-configuration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an adaptive pressure relief system suitable for high-drop filling in mines according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of an adaptive pressure release method suitable for high-drop filling in mines described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose of the invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0042] The following describes in detail a specific scheme of an adaptive pressure relief system and method applicable to high-drop filling in mines provided by the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Refer to the attached Figure 1 , which shows a structural diagram of an adaptive pressure relief system suitable for high-drop filling in mines provided by one embodiment of the present invention. The system includes the following parts:

[0044] Along-process monitoring module, segmented modeling module, mechanical parameter matching module, throttling characteristic realization module, energy absorption capacity calculation module, parameter closed-loop adjustment module, module integration and installation module;

[0045] The along-line monitoring module collects real-time pressure and flow data at the upstream, middle, and downstream locations of each candidate action section of the mine high-drop filling main pipeline. It also collects geometric parameters of the pipeline such as length, diameter, elbow and valve position, as well as the physical properties of the filling medium, outputs the measurement data, and transmits it to the segmented modeling module and the energy absorption capacity calculation module.

[0046] The segmented modeling module divides the filling main pipeline into multiple action segments based on the spatial layout of the mine shaft or inclined lane and the shock wave propagation path, processes the measured data into the pressure-time history of each action segment, selects the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak as the calculation window, measures the comprehensive bulk modulus of the segment, and calculates the target energy absorption of the segment when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded to obtain the segment-level target energy absorption; transmits the pressure-time history contained in the calculation window to the mechanical parameter matching module; and transmits the segment-level target energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module;

[0047] The mechanical parameter matching module obtains the main impact frequency of the pressure wave based on the received pressure time history; introduces an interrelated constraint formula to match the main impact frequency of the pressure wave with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, and obtains the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient of the slow-release module, ensuring that the slow-release module is activated only when the pressure in the filling main pipeline exceeds the trigger pressure threshold; and transmits the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient to the throttling characteristic implementation module and the parameter closed-loop adjustment module;

[0048] The throttling characteristic realization module constructs a throttling opening piecewise function based on the target equivalent damping coefficient. It uses a cam-throttle plate combination mechanism connected to the main pipeline in conjunction with a preload spring and a pawl structure to form a piecewise hysteresis opening curve for the entry section, high section, and exit section. It outputs the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttling opening and obtains the actual equivalent damping coefficient. The actual equivalent damping coefficient is transmitted to the energy absorption capacity calculation module.

[0049] The energy absorption capacity calculation module calculates the total energy absorption of the slow-release module in the target action section based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient; and transmits the total energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module;

[0050] The parameter closed-loop adjustment module compares the total energy absorption with the segment-level target energy absorption. When the total energy absorption is lower than the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted in sequence until the total energy absorption meets or exceeds the segment-level target energy absorption, while keeping the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient unchanged; the adjusted parameters of the slow-release module are output to the module integration and installation module;

[0051] The module integration and installation module installs the slow-release modules after closed-loop adjustment in vertical shafts, inclined tunnels and impact reflection concentrated locations according to a predetermined layout strategy; after installation, it is responsible for pressure loading and interlocking testing to confirm that the performance of each module meets the design requirements.

[0052] Refer to the attached Figure 2 , which shows a flow chart of an adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines provided by one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1. Collect measurement data of the mine's high-drop filling main pipeline, divide the filling main pipeline into action sections, and calculate the segment-level target energy absorption; match the impact frequency band characteristics of the action section with the dynamic characteristics of the slow-release module to obtain the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module;

[0054] Pressure and flow data are collected along the main pipeline of the mine's high-drop filling system. Collection points are arranged at the upstream, middle, and downstream locations of each candidate action section to ensure that the propagation and reflection characteristics of the shock wave within the action section can be captured. The collection process should be carried out under stable backfill conditions, and the instantaneous pressure and corresponding flow changes should be recorded at a high frequency (not less than 100 Hz) during the preset observation period to reflect the full waveform characteristics of the water hammer effect. While collecting data, the geometric parameters of the pipeline (length, diameter, elbow and valve position, etc.) and the physical properties of the filling medium (density, temperature, solid content, etc.) are recorded to obtain measurement data;

[0055] During the high-drop filling process in a mine, the filling main pipeline is geometrically segmented based on the spatial distribution of the mine shaft or inclined lane and the propagation path of the shock wave. Each segment is defined as an action segment. ; The principle of dividing the filling main pipeline into segments is to combine the impedance change position along the process, the geometric turning point and the known pressure wave reflection concentration area to ensure that the segment can cover the spatial interval where the impact energy is most concentrated. After determining the segment, the pressure data in the measurement data is processed into a pressure time history, and the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak is selected as the calculation window, and the comprehensive bulk modulus of each segment is measured to reflect the compressibility of the filling medium in the segment and the elastic properties of the pipe wall. The method for measuring the comprehensive bulk modulus is a technical means well known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here; calculate the target energy absorption of each segment when it exceeds the trigger pressure threshold to obtain the segment-level target energy absorption. The specific formula is:

[0056]

[0057] in, It is The target energy absorption of the segment pipeline, i.e., the segment-level target energy absorption, represents the minimum energy that the inertial damping and release module of the current segment needs to absorb when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded. The trigger pressure threshold is set according to the expert experience method; is a time variable; is the time integration window; It is the spatial coordinate along the axial direction of the pipeline, used to describe the position within the segment; It is The spatial scope of the segment pipeline, that is, the effective segment; It's in time ,Location Absolute pressure in the pipe at ; It's in time The trigger pressure threshold is the minimum pressure at which the inertial damping slow-release module starts to act; It is The integrated bulk modulus of the pipe section represents the The combined compressibility of the fluid and the pipe wall in the pipe segment; Indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the filling main pipe, which comes from the geometric parameters of the pipe;

[0058] The inertial damping slow-release module (hereinafter referred to as the "slow-release module") refers to a passive slow-release unit installed on the parallel or bypass branch of the high-drop filling main pipeline of the mine, which consists of an inertial mass block, an elastic element and a sealed cavity filled with damping fluid (i.e., a damping cavity); the inertial mass block can make controlled displacement along the axial direction through an internal guide structure; the elastic element (such as a coil compression spring or a polymer elastic element) is connected to the inertial mass block to provide a restoring force after the inertial mass block is displaced; the damping cavity is filled with damping fluid, and a throttling unit is provided to adjust the inertial mass block through the viscous resistance and throttling effect of the liquid. The kinetic energy of the movement is converted into heat energy and dissipated; the inlet of the slow-release module is connected to the main pipeline through a flange. When the pressure filling the main pipeline exceeds the set trigger pressure threshold, part of the slurry enters the slow-release module through the bypass channel, impacting the inertial mass block and causing it to displace, thereby triggering the elastic element and the damping chamber to work together to reduce the pressure peak; when the pressure drops below the trigger pressure threshold, the inertial mass block is reset under the action of the elastic element, and the bypass flow is terminated; the "slow-release module" in the present invention specifically refers to this inertial mass block-spring-damping chamber integrated slow-release device, and does not include the main pipeline body, pump station or other pipe network components;

[0059] The target energy absorption at the segment level is converted into the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module. A precise matching relationship is established between the main impact frequency band characteristics of the action segment and the dynamic characteristics of the slow-release module itself. This ensures that the slow-release module operates efficiently within the frequency range where the pressure wave energy is most concentrated, while also ensuring that no malfunction occurs when the trigger pressure threshold is not reached. By introducing a set of interrelated constraint formulas, the frequency band characteristics, damping requirements, and entry conditions of each segmented pressure wave are directly converted into the design values ​​of the inertial mass block mass, elastic element stiffness, and target equivalent damping coefficient.

[0060] First, a frequency matching constraint is established based on the main impact frequency of the pressure wave of the current segment:

[0061]

[0062] in, is the undamped natural frequency of the slow-release module, which represents the free vibration angular frequency of the inertial mass block when it is not affected by damping, and is used to match the main impact frequency of the pressure wave in the action section; is the stiffness of the elastic element, which indicates the magnitude of the restoring force generated by the elastic element under unit displacement; is the mass of the inertial mass block, which represents the effective mass that participates in vibration and absorbs energy; It is The main impact frequency of the pressure wave in each action section is obtained by performing a fast Fourier transform (FFT) or short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis on the pressure time history to obtain a frequency distribution, and the frequency component with the highest energy concentration is taken as the main impact frequency of the pressure wave. FFT and STFT are technical means well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here. The frequency matching constraint is used to ensure that the undamped natural frequency of the slow-release module is consistent with the main impact frequency of the pressure wave, so that it operates within the frequency band with the highest energy transfer efficiency;

[0063] Then, based on the elastic element stiffness determined after frequency matching and the mass of the inertial mass , establish the damping ratio matching constraint:

[0064]

[0065] in, is the actual damping ratio, which represents the ratio of the damping force to the critical damping force; The target damping ratio is set to achieve rapid and stable recovery after impact. It is set based on expert experience and ranges from 0.7 to 1.2. is the equivalent damping coefficient, which represents the damping force generated by the damping unit when the displacement velocity is 1m / s;

[0066] Finally, an entry condition constraint is introduced to ensure that the slow-release module enters the working state only when the pressure exceeds the preset trigger pressure threshold:

[0067]

[0068] in, is the minimum entry stroke of the inertial mass block; It is the trigger pressure threshold. When the main pipeline pressure reaches the trigger pressure threshold, it starts to be diverted into the slow-release module; The entry condition constraint can ensure that the trigger pressure threshold is reached. The hydraulic force at this time just matches the spring force required for the minimum entry stroke, which not only avoids false triggering when the limit is not exceeded, but also ensures timely entry when the limit is exceeded;

[0069] In the actual solution, firstly according to the main impact frequency of the pressure wave measured on site Determine the ratio of the elastic element stiffness to the mass of the inertial mass , then combined with the target damping ratio Calculate the required equivalent damping coefficient (ie, the target equivalent damping coefficient), and then trigger the pressure threshold , Main pipeline cross-sectional area and the minimum entry stroke of the inertial mass Check the stiffness of elastic elements Whether the entry conditions are met. If not, adjust the mass of the inertial mass block within the feasible range of the project. , and recalculate the elastic element stiffness in turn and the target equivalent damping coefficient , until all three constraints are met.

[0070] S2. Based on the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, a piecewise function of the throttling opening is constructed, and the actual equivalent damping coefficient is calculated. Based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, the actual energy absorption capacity of the slow-release module is calculated to obtain the total energy absorption. Based on the total energy absorption, combined with the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted in a closed-loop manner to achieve pressure slow release.

[0071] To ensure rapid energy absorption when excessive pressure waves arrive during high-drop filling and conveying in a mine, maintain direct flow of the main flow under normal pressure and slight fluctuations, and smoothly exit the energy absorption state after pressure drops, a throttling opening curve with clearly defined segmented characteristics, known as a segmented throttling opening function, must be designed. This utilizes a cam-throttle plate combination bypassing the main pipeline, coupled with a preload spring and a pawl locking mechanism, to achieve aperture variation through the direct coupling of mechanical displacement and pressure. When the pressure rises from normal to close to the trigger pressure threshold and exceeds the hysteresis lower limit, the throttling opening begins to increase according to the opening slope of the entry section, forming a bypass channel to absorb the impact energy. As the pressure further rises to the hysteresis upper limit, the throttling opening reaches the maximum entry value of the entry section, and then switches to the high-level section control state; the high-level section should maintain the limit after reaching the set opening upper limit to prevent excessive diversion from affecting the mainstream slurry supply; the exit section needs to use the hysteresis characteristics to control the closing process, ensuring that when the pressure falls from the high section to below the hysteresis upper limit, the throttling opening gradually decreases until the pressure is below the hysteresis lower limit and completely returns to normal, avoiding flow and pressure fluctuations caused by frequent switching. The specific formula of the throttling opening piecewise function is:

[0072]

[0073] in, is the throttle opening function, outputting the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttle opening; is the minimum opening area in normal state (not triggered); is the instantaneous pressure acting on the inlet of the slow-release module; is the hysteresis window width, which is obtained by converting the displacement difference of mechanical engagement / release and the corresponding pressure difference, and the value range is 0.02-0.08; To enter the segment The opening slope reflects the rate at which the opening area increases when the pressure increases, and its value range is , is the lower hysteresis limit, is the upper limit of hysteresis; For the high segment ( ) opening slope, the value range is ; is the maximum opening area allowed by the structure, that is, the upper limit of the opening. is the throttle aperture; the above opening slope 、 The method is obtained by linear fitting, which is a well-known technical means for those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here;

[0074] In mechanical design, a throttling unit consists of components such as a cam, spring, pawl, and throttle plate. The throttling opening varies with pressure and is divided into an entry section, a high-level section, and an exit section according to preset hysteresis characteristics. Each instantaneous throttling opening corresponds to the flow area of ​​the fluid passing through the throttling unit. The flow area determines the relationship between flow rate and throttling pressure drop. The resistance matrix generated by the slurry medium flowing through the throttling unit when passing through the opening can be approximately converted into a damping force proportional to the displacement velocity. Therefore, by establishing a functional relationship between the equivalent damping coefficient and the throttling opening function, the equivalent damping coefficient is used to reflect the actual flow energy consumption characteristics. The specific formula is:

[0075]

[0076] in, is the equivalent damping coefficient that actually changes with pressure, that is, the actual equivalent damping coefficient; is the cavity background damping coefficient, obtained from the fixed opening test; It is the damping increment coefficient caused by the opening change, which means the increase of equivalent damping for every 1m² increase of throttling opening. , opening slope of high section , hysteresis window width and throttle aperture , until Approaching the target equivalent damping coefficient The throttle aperture These are known parameters during the filling process and are not limited here.

[0077] After completing the structural implementation of the opening-damping relationship, it is necessary to quantitatively calculate the actual energy absorption capacity of the slow-release module in the target action section to obtain the total energy absorption, and compare the total energy absorption with the segment-level target energy absorption to verify the effectiveness and adequacy of the slow-release module parameter configuration. In the parallel or bypass pipeline configuration of high-drop filling and transportation in mines, the reciprocating motion of the inertial mass block-spring-damping cavity forms a displacement response. The product of the velocity square term of the displacement response and the actual equivalent damping coefficient represents the energy dissipation rate generated by viscosity and structural damping at any time; at the same time, the bypass throttling unit generates a throttling pressure drop under the conditions of instantaneous opening, throttling aperture, damping fluid viscosity and fluid density. The product of the throttling pressure drop and the instantaneous flow rate of the bypass branch represents the resistance work completed by the fluid passing through the throttling unit at the same moment; the above two parts of power are integrated in the time integration window to obtain the total energy absorption. The specific formula is:

[0078] E i abs (V,d,μ)= ∫ t∈ W [ c eq (p) x ̇ 2 (t)+ Δ p thr (A(p),d,μ)q(t)] d t

[0079]

[0080] in, It is The slow release module of the segment pipeline is in the time integration window The total absorbed energy in is the volume of the damping cavity, is the throttle aperture, is the damping fluid viscosity; It's in time The instantaneous displacement velocity of the inertial mass block in the slow-release module; Indicates time The energy dissipation rate; is the instantaneous pressure drop generated by the throttling unit, i.e., the throttling pressure drop, with a value range of 0.05–0.5; For in time The instantaneous flow of the bypass branch; and is the empirical coefficient, obtained through expert experience, and its value range is [0,1]; is the slurry density; the damping cavity volume, damping fluid viscosity and slurry density are all known parameters during the filling process and are not limited here;

[0081] If the total energy absorbed Less than the target energy absorption of the segment level , then adjust the volume of the damping cavity in turn , throttle aperture and damping fluid viscosity , until the adjusted total absorbed energy Meet or exceed the segment-level target energy absorption , while maintaining the mass of the inertial mass , elastic element stiffness , target equivalent damping coefficient constant.

[0082] Through the above closed-loop process, the final parameters of each slow-release module are obtained, including the mass of the inertial mass block , elastic element stiffness , damping cavity volume , throttle aperture , damping fluid viscosity And the opening parameters 、 、 The modules are installed in vertical shafts, inclined lanes, and locations with concentrated impact reflections according to a predetermined layout strategy. After installation, pressure loading and interlocking tests are performed. During operation, if the trigger pressure threshold is not exceeded, the main flow flows directly. If the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded, the slow-release module quickly enters an energy-absorbing state, absorbing the impact energy and returning to its stable position after the impact disappears.

[0083] In the above scheme, all measurement data involving force (such as pressure data) are uniformly converted to megapascals (MPa), all geometric parameters such as length and diameter are uniformly converted to meters (m), and area parameters are converted to square meters (m²). This aims to eliminate multidimensional problems and ensure that the various physical quantities in subsequent analysis or modeling have consistent numerical scales.

[0084] In summary, an adaptive pressure relief system and method suitable for high-drop filling in mines have been completed.

[0085] The order in which the embodiments of the invention are presented is for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0086] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0087] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive pressure release method suitable for high-drop filling in mines, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect measurement data of the mine's high-drop filling main pipeline, divide the filling main pipeline into action sections, and calculate the segment-level target energy absorption; match the impact frequency band characteristics of the action section with the dynamic characteristics of the slow-release module to obtain the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module; S2. Based on the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, a piecewise function of the throttle opening is constructed, and the actual equivalent damping coefficient is calculated; Based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient, the actual energy absorption capacity of the slow-release module is calculated to obtain the total energy absorption; based on the total energy absorption and combined with the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted in a closed loop to achieve pressure slow release.

2. The adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: Said S1 specifically includes: The measurement data include pressure data, flow data, geometric parameters of the pipeline and physical properties of the filling medium.

3. The adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: Said S1 specifically includes: After dividing the action segments, the pressure data is processed into a pressure-time history, the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak is selected as the calculation window, and the comprehensive bulk modulus of each segment is measured; based on the comprehensive bulk modulus, combined with the preset trigger pressure threshold, the segment-level target energy absorption is calculated.

4. The adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Said S1 specifically includes: Based on the pressure-time history in the above calculation window, the main impact frequency of the pressure wave is obtained; an interrelated constraint formula is introduced to match the main impact frequency of the pressure wave with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module, which include the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient.

5. The adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Said S1 specifically includes: In the constraint formula, a frequency matching constraint is established based on the main impact frequency of the pressure wave to obtain the ratio of the elastic element stiffness to the mass of the inertial mass block. Then, combined with the preset target damping ratio, a damping ratio matching constraint is established to calculate the target equivalent damping coefficient. Then, based on the trigger pressure threshold, combined with the main pipe cross-sectional area and the minimum entry stroke of the inertial mass block, an entry condition constraint is constructed to check whether the elastic element stiffness meets the entry condition. If not, the mass of the inertial mass block is adjusted, and the elastic element stiffness and the target equivalent damping coefficient are recalculated until all three constraints are simultaneously met.

6. The adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: Said S2 specifically includes: In the described throttling opening piecewise function, according to the pressure change, combined with the preset hysteresis lower limit, hysteresis upper limit and opening upper limit, a piecewise hysteresis opening curve of the entry section, high section and exit section is generated, and the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttling opening is output; based on the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttling opening, a damping increment coefficient is introduced to obtain the actual equivalent damping coefficient, and the actual flow energy consumption characteristics are quantified.

7. The adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: Said S2 specifically includes: Based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient and the instantaneous displacement velocity of the inertial mass block, the energy dissipation rate is obtained. Based on the energy dissipation rate, the total energy absorption is obtained by integrating the throttling pressure drop and the instantaneous flow rate of the bypass branch. The throttling pressure drop is generated based on the instantaneous flow rate of the bypass branch, the throttling aperture, the viscosity of the damping fluid, and the slurry density.

8. The adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: Said S2 specifically includes: The total energy absorption is compared with the segment-level target energy absorption. When the total energy absorption is less than the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted until the adjusted total energy absorption meets or exceeds the segment-level target energy absorption, and the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient are kept unchanged. The parameters of the slow-release module obtained after adjustment are installed according to the predetermined layout strategy, and pressure loading and interlocking detection are carried out. When the pressure during operation does not exceed the trigger pressure threshold, the main flow passes directly. When the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded, the slow-release module enters the energy absorption state and returns to its position after the impact disappears.

9. An adaptive pressure release system for high-drop filling in mines, applied to the adaptive pressure release method for high-drop filling in mines as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following sections: Along-process monitoring module, segmented modeling module, mechanical parameter matching module, throttling characteristic realization module, energy absorption capacity calculation module, parameter closed-loop adjustment module, module integration and installation module; The along-line monitoring module collects pressure data and flow data in real time, and simultaneously collects geometric parameters of the pipeline and physical properties of the filling medium, outputs the measurement data and transmits it to the segmented modeling module and the energy absorption capacity calculation module; The segmented modeling module divides the filling main pipeline into action segments, processes the measured data into the pressure-time history of each action segment, selects the time interval containing the maximum pressure peak as the calculation window, measures the comprehensive bulk modulus of the segment, and calculates the target energy absorption of the segment when the trigger pressure threshold is exceeded to obtain the segment-level target energy absorption; transmits the pressure-time history contained in the calculation window to the mechanical parameter matching module; and transmits the segment-level target energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module; The mechanical parameter matching module obtains the main impact frequency of the pressure wave based on the received pressure time history; introduces an interrelated constraint formula to match the main impact frequency of the pressure wave with the mechanical parameters of the slow-release module to obtain the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient of the slow-release module; and transmits the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient to the throttling characteristic implementation module and the parameter closed-loop adjustment module; The throttling characteristic realization module constructs a throttling opening piecewise function based on the target equivalent damping coefficient, generates piecewise hysteresis opening curves for the entry section, high section, and exit section, outputs the instantaneous effective flow area of ​​the throttling opening, and obtains the actual equivalent damping coefficient; Transferring the actual equivalent damping coefficient to the energy absorption capacity calculation module; The energy absorption capacity calculation module calculates the total energy absorption of the slow-release module within the target action section based on the actual equivalent damping coefficient; and transmits the total energy absorption to the parameter closed-loop adjustment module; The parameter closed-loop adjustment module compares the total energy absorption with the segment-level target energy absorption. When the total energy absorption is lower than the segment-level target energy absorption, the parameters of the slow-release module are adjusted in sequence until the total energy absorption meets or exceeds the segment-level target energy absorption, while keeping the mass of the inertial mass block, the stiffness of the elastic element, and the target equivalent damping coefficient unchanged; the adjusted parameters of the slow-release module are output to the module integration and installation module; The module integration and installation module installs the slow-release modules after closed-loop adjustment according to a predetermined layout strategy, and performs pressure loading and interlocking tests to confirm that the performance of each module meets the design requirements.

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