Waste gas treatment device and treatment method of internal combustion engine
The combined structure of the gradually expanding inlet pipe, cyclone separator and multi-stage filter screen solves the problems of low purification efficiency and easy clogging of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment device, and achieves efficient purification and long-life exhaust gas treatment effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510935751.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing exhaust gas treatment devices for internal combustion engines have problems such as low purification efficiency, easy clogging and frequent maintenance, making it difficult to meet increasingly stringent environmental emission standards.
It adopts a combined structure of a gradually expanding inlet pipe, a cyclone separator, a multi-stage filter and a honeycomb catalytic plate, and achieves efficient interception and conversion of pollutants of different particle sizes through inlet pipe diffusion, cyclone separation, multi-stage filtration and low-temperature catalytic reaction.
It improves the waste gas treatment efficiency, extends the stability and service life of the device, reduces maintenance costs, and meets environmental emission standards.
Smart Images
Figure CN120739604A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention specifically relates to an exhaust gas treatment device and a treatment method for an internal combustion engine, and belongs to the technical field of exhaust gas treatment for internal combustion engines. Background Art
[0002] As industrialization and urbanization continue to accelerate, the internal combustion engine, a core power source for automobiles, ships, and construction machinery, is seeing its application expand. However, the exhaust gases emitted by internal combustion engines contain a variety of pollutants, including unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants are not only a significant contributor to severe weather conditions like acid rain and smog, but can also enter the human body through the respiratory system, causing respiratory illnesses such as bronchitis and asthma, and even increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. These pollutants pose a dual threat to both the ecological environment and public health.
[0003] The common internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment devices currently on the market have significant shortcomings in terms of technical implementation. Some traditional devices use a single filtering or catalytic treatment method, such as relying solely on activated carbon adsorption or a simple three-way catalytic reaction. Due to the limitations of the structural design, it is difficult to achieve the coordinated purification of multiple pollutants, resulting in a purification efficiency generally lower than 60%, which cannot meet the increasingly stringent environmental emission standards such as National VI and Euro VI. What is more noteworthy is that such devices are prone to problems such as filter clogging due to particulate accumulation and catalyst activity attenuation due to sulfur poisoning or high-temperature sintering during long-term operation. Data shows that traditional devices require filter replacement every 500 hours of operation on average, and the service life of the catalyst usually does not exceed 8,000 hours. Frequent maintenance and replacement not only increases the cost of equipment use by 30%-50%, but also seriously affects the continuous operation efficiency of industrial equipment. It can be seen that the research and development of new exhaust gas treatment technologies that have both high-efficiency purification capabilities and low maintenance requirements has become a key issue that the industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an exhaust gas treatment device and treatment method for an internal combustion engine. By optimizing the device structure and treatment process, the exhaust gas treatment efficiency is improved, pollutant emissions are reduced, and at the same time the stability and durability of the device are enhanced and maintenance costs are reduced.
[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned object through the following technical solutions: an exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine, comprising an exhaust gas treatment box, an exhaust connection port being provided on one side surface of the exhaust gas treatment box, an exhaust pipe and a sewage pipe being installed on the lower side surface of the exhaust gas treatment box, and further comprising: an inlet assembly, the inlet assembly comprising an inlet pipe disposed inside the processing box and connected to the exhaust connection port; A separation assembly, the separation assembly comprising a separator body connected to the inlet pipe, the lower end opening of the separator body being connected to the sewage pipe; A filter assembly, the filter assembly comprising a filter tube disposed on one side of the separator body, wherein a first filter screen, a second filter screen, and a third filter screen are disposed on the inner side of the filter tube; The purification component includes a purification pipe arranged below the filter pipe, and the lower end opening of the purification pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe.
[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust gas treatment box is the main structure, which is connected to the internal combustion engine exhaust gas through the exhaust connection port. The exhaust pipe and the sewage pipe are used to discharge the purified gas and pollutants respectively. The four major components form an "introduction, separation, filtration and purification" treatment process, each performing its own function to ensure the step-by-step purification of the exhaust gas.
[0007] Preferably, the diameter of the inlet pipe gradually increases from the end connected to the exhaust connection port.
[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust gas diffuses due to the expansion of the cross section when entering, and the flow rate is reduced, which facilitates the sedimentation of particles.
[0009] Preferably, a spoiler is provided on the inner side of the introduction pipe, and the spoiler is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the introduction pipe in a spiral shape.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the spoiler is used to force the exhaust gas to form a spiral flow, thereby increasing the contact area and time with the inner wall of the pipe, so that larger particulate pollutants are initially settled due to inertial collision or gravity, reducing the load on subsequent components.
[0011] Preferably, a spiral guide groove begins to be provided on the inner side of the separator body, and a guide blade is installed on the inner side of the separator body. A sewage outlet is provided at the lower end of the separator body, and the separator body is connected to the sewage pipe through the sewage outlet. A U-shaped tube is installed at the upper end opening of the separator body.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide groove and the guide blades form a high-speed rotating airflow to guide the exhaust gas, and the centrifugal force is used to throw the particulate pollutants to the wall of the device, and they slide along the wall to be discharged to the sewage outlet. The U-shaped tube connects the separator and the filter tube to prevent the exhaust gas from flowing back, and may also play the role of buffering the airflow.
[0013] Preferably, a conical block is installed at the lower inner portion of the separator body.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the conical block reduces the cross-section of the lower part of the separator, accelerates the rotation of the airflow, and at the same time guides the particles to gather toward the sewage outlet, avoiding residue and improving the separation efficiency.
[0015] Preferably, the filter tube is connected to the separator body through the U-shaped tube, and the inner side of the filter tube is installed with a first mounting ring, a second mounting ring and a third mounting ring from top to bottom, and the inner sides of the first mounting ring, the second mounting ring and the third mounting ring are respectively installed with the first filter screen, the second filter screen and the third filter screen.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and performing multi-stage filtration, the filtration efficiency is further improved.
[0017] Preferably, the pore sizes of the first filter screen, the second filter screen and the third filter screen gradually decrease.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, particles of different sizes are intercepted in a graded manner through multiple layers of filter screens with decreasing apertures (the first filter screen intercepts large particles, and the third filter screen intercepts fine particles), thereby achieving fine filtration.
[0019] Preferably, six groups of mounting plates are symmetrically installed on the surfaces of the first mounting ring, the second mounting ring and the third mounting ring, and each group of mounting plates is divided into two, an upper and a lower group, and a sliding rod is fixedly connected between the mounting plates in the same group, the surface of the sliding rod is slidably connected to the slide plate, the surface of the slide plate is fixedly connected to the vibration plate, the surface of the slide plate is slidably connected to the limit rod, and the two ends of the limit rod are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower mounting plates, a spring is wound around the surface of the sliding rod, and the two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to the slide plate and the mounting plate located at the lower side.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust gas flows and impacts the slide plate, which drives the vibration plate to vibrate at high frequency, thereby preventing the filter from being blocked by particulate matter and maintaining the ventilation volume and filtering effect.
[0021] Preferably, the lower opening of the filter tube is connected to a purification tube, and three purification plates are fixedly connected to the inner side of the purification tube. The surface of each purification plate is provided with honeycomb grooves, and the surface of each purification plate is coated with a composite catalyst.
[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the contact area between the exhaust gas and the purification plate is increased through the honeycomb grooves, the residence time is prolonged, and the catalytic reaction efficiency is improved. The composite catalyst (with γ-Al2O3 as the carrier, loaded with the invented ternary active components of Pt, Pd, Rh and the invented CeO2 oxygen storage material) catalytically decomposes harmful gases (such as invented CO→CO2, invented HC→H2O and invented CO2, NOx→N2 and invented O2) at low temperature, converting pollutants into harmless substances and meeting environmental emission standards.
[0023] The present invention also provides a method for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, comprising the following steps: S1. Exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine first passes through the exhaust connection port on the exhaust gas treatment box and enters the inlet pipe in the inlet assembly. As the diameter of the inlet pipe gradually increases from the end connected to the exhaust connection port, the exhaust gas diffuses and the flow rate decreases here. At the same time, the spirally fixed spoiler on the inner wall of the inlet pipe promotes spiral flow of the exhaust gas, increasing the contact area between the exhaust gas and the inner wall of the pipe, allowing the larger particulate pollutants in the exhaust gas to initially settle, completing the pretreatment of the exhaust gas in the inlet stage; S2. After the exhaust gas has been initially treated in the inlet pipe, it enters the separator body of the separation assembly. The spiral guide grooves and guide vanes on the inner side of the separator body guide the exhaust gas to form a high-speed rotating airflow. Under the action of centrifugal force, larger particulate pollutants in the exhaust gas are thrown toward the inner wall of the separator body and slide down along the inner wall. They are discharged through the sewage outlet at the lower end of the separator body and discharged through the sewage pipe. In addition, the conical block installed on the lower inner side of the separator body helps the particulate pollutants to gather more smoothly toward the sewage outlet, thereby improving the separation effect. S3. The exhaust gas that has completed centrifugal separation enters the filter tube of the filter assembly through the U-shaped tube at the upper end opening of the separator body. In the filter tube, the exhaust gas passes through the first filter screen, the second filter screen, and the third filter screen fixed by the first mounting ring, the second mounting ring, and the third mounting ring respectively. The apertures of these three filter screens gradually decrease, which can respectively intercept particulate pollutants of different particle sizes and further purify the exhaust gas. During the flow of the exhaust gas, it impacts the slide on the slide rod between the mounting plates on the surfaces of the first mounting ring, the second mounting ring, and the third mounting ring, driving the vibration plate to vibrate, thereby preventing the filter screen from being blocked and maintaining the filtering effect; S4. The exhaust gas that has passed through multiple layers of filtration enters the purification tube of the purification component from the opening at the lower end of the filter tube. The three purification plates fixed on the inner side of the purification tube have honeycomb grooves on their surfaces, which increase the contact area between the exhaust gas and the purification plates. The composite catalyst coated on the surface of the purification plates catalyzes harmful gases in the exhaust gas (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, etc.) at a relatively low temperature, converting them into harmless substances. Finally, the purified exhaust gas passes through the opening at the lower end of the purification tube and is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe, completing the entire exhaust gas treatment process.
[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment device and method utilizes a multi-stage composite purification system consisting of a "gradually expanding inlet pipe + cyclone separator + three-stage gradient filter + honeycomb catalytic plate" to achieve efficient interception of pollutants of varying particle sizes. The gradually expanding inlet pipe and cyclone separator separate larger particulate pollutants, while the three-stage filter screen gradually decreases in aperture to intercept fine particles of varying sizes. The composite catalyst on the surface of the honeycomb catalytic plate fully reacts harmful gases into harmless substances. The filter assembly's filter screen is equipped with a vibrating cleaning mechanism. Through the cooperation of a slide plate, a slide bar, a spring, and a vibration plate, it vibrates under the impact of exhaust gas flow, effectively preventing filter screen clogging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust connection port in the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the spoiler in the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the guide trough in the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the purification plate in the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first mounting ring in the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration plate in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the honeycomb slot in the present invention; In the picture: 1. Exhaust gas treatment box; 11. Exhaust connection port; 12. Exhaust pipe; 13. Drain pipe; 2. Inlet assembly; 21. Inlet pipe; 22. Spoiler; 3. Separation assembly; 31. Separator body; 32. U-shaped tube; 33. Guide vane; 34. Conical block; 35. Guide groove; 36. Drain outlet; 4. Filter assembly; 41. Filter tube; 42. First mounting ring; 43. First filter screen; 44. Second mounting ring; 45. Second filter screen; 46. Third mounting ring; 47. Third filter screen; 48. Mounting plate; 49. Limit rod; 410. Sliding rod; 411. Spring; 412. Sliding plate; 413. Vibration plate; 5. Purification component; 51. Purification tube; 52. Purification plate; 53. Honeycomb groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] See also Figures 1-8 As shown, an exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas treatment box 1, an exhaust connection port 11 is opened on one side surface of the exhaust gas treatment box 1, an exhaust pipe 12 and a sewage pipe 13 are installed on the lower side surface of the exhaust gas treatment box 1, and further includes; The introduction component 2 includes an introduction pipe 21 disposed inside the processing box 1 and connected to the exhaust connection port 11; The separation assembly 3 includes a separator body 31 connected to the inlet pipe 21, and the lower end opening of the separator body 31 is connected to the sewage pipe 13; The filter assembly 4 includes a filter tube 41 disposed on one side of the separator body 31 , and a first filter screen 43 , a second filter screen 45 , and a third filter screen 47 are disposed on the inner side of the filter tube 41 ; The purification component 5 includes a purification pipe 51 disposed below the filter pipe 41 , and the lower end opening of the purification pipe 51 is connected to the air outlet pipe 12 .
[0028] The diameter of the introduction pipe 21 gradually increases from the end connected to the exhaust connection port 11 .
[0029] A spoiler 22 is provided on the inner side of the introduction pipe 21 , and the spoiler 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the introduction pipe 21 in a spiral shape.
[0030] A spiral guide groove 35 begins to be formed on the inner side of the separator body 31, and a guide blade 33 is installed on the inner side of the separator body 31. A sewage outlet 36 is opened at the lower end of the separator body 31, and the separator body 31 is connected to the sewage pipe 13 through the sewage outlet 36. A U-shaped tube 32 is installed at the upper end opening of the separator body 31.
[0031] A conical block 34 is installed at the lower inner portion of the separator body 31 .
[0032] The filter tube 41 is connected to the separator body 31 through the U-shaped tube 32. The inner side of the filter tube 41 is installed with a first mounting ring 42, a second mounting ring 44 and a third mounting ring 46 from top to bottom. The inner sides of the first mounting ring 42, the second mounting ring 44 and the third mounting ring 46 are respectively installed with a first filter screen 43, a second filter screen 45 and a third filter screen 47.
[0033] The pore sizes of the first filter screen 43 , the second filter screen 45 and the third filter screen 47 gradually decrease.
[0034] Six groups of mounting plates 48 are symmetrically installed on the surfaces of the first mounting ring 42, the second mounting ring 44 and the third mounting ring 46. Each group of mounting plates 48 is divided into two, upper and lower groups. A sliding rod 410 is fixedly connected between the mounting plates 48 in the same group. The surface of the sliding rod 410 is slidably connected to the slide plate 412. The surface of the slide plate 412 is fixedly connected to the vibration plate 413. The surface of the slide plate 412 is slidably connected to the limit rod 49, and the two ends of the limit rod 49 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower mounting plates 48. A spring 411 is wound around the surface of the sliding rod 410, and the two ends of the spring 411 are respectively fixedly connected to the slide plate 412 and the mounting plate 48 on the lower side.
[0035] The lower opening of the filter tube 41 is connected to a purification tube 51 , and three purification plates 52 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the purification tube 51 . The surface of each purification plate 52 is provided with a honeycomb groove 53 , and the surface of each purification plate 52 is coated with a composite catalyst.
[0036] The present invention also provides a method for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, comprising the following steps: S1. Exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine first passes through the exhaust connection port 11 on the exhaust gas treatment box 1 and enters the inlet pipe 21 in the inlet assembly 2. As the diameter of the inlet pipe 21 gradually increases from the end connected to the exhaust connection port 11, the exhaust gas diffuses and the flow rate decreases here. At the same time, the spirally fixed spoiler 22 on the inner wall of the inlet pipe 21 promotes the spiral flow of the exhaust gas, increasing the contact area between the exhaust gas and the inner wall of the pipe, causing the larger particulate pollutants in the exhaust gas to initially settle, completing the pretreatment of the exhaust gas in the inlet stage; S2. The exhaust gas that has undergone preliminary treatment through the inlet pipe 21 enters the separator body 31 of the separation assembly 3. The spiral guide grooves 35 and guide vanes 33 on the inner side of the separator body 31 guide the exhaust gas to form a high-speed rotating airflow. Under the action of centrifugal force, larger particulate pollutants in the exhaust gas are thrown toward the inner wall of the separator body 31 and slide downward along the inner wall. They are then discharged through the drain outlet 36 at the lower end of the separator body 31 and discharged through the drain pipe 13. In addition, the conical block 34 installed on the lower inner side of the separator body 31 helps the particulate pollutants to gather more smoothly toward the drain outlet 36, thereby improving the separation effect. S3. The exhaust gas that has completed centrifugal separation enters the filter tube 41 of the filter assembly 4 through the U-shaped tube 32 at the upper end opening of the separator body 31. In the filter tube 41, the exhaust gas passes through the first filter screen 43, the second filter screen 45, and the third filter screen 47 respectively fixed by the first mounting ring 42, the second mounting ring 44, and the third mounting ring 46. The apertures of these three layers of filter screens gradually decrease, and they can respectively intercept particulate pollutants of different particle sizes, thereby further purifying the exhaust gas. During the flow of the exhaust gas, it impacts the slide plate 412 on the slide rod 410 between the mounting plates 48 on the surfaces of the first mounting ring 42, the second mounting ring 44, and the third mounting ring 46, driving the vibration plate 413 to vibrate, thereby preventing the filter screen from being blocked and maintaining the filtering effect. S4. The exhaust gas that has passed through multi-layer filtration enters the purification tube 51 of the purification assembly 5 from the lower opening of the filter tube 41. The three purification plates 52 fixed on the inner side of the purification tube 51 have honeycomb grooves 53 on their surfaces, which increase the contact area between the exhaust gas and the purification plates 52. The composite catalyst coated on the surface of the purification plates 52 catalyzes the harmful gases in the exhaust gas (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, etc.) at a relatively low temperature, converting them into harmless substances. Finally, the purified exhaust gas passes through the lower opening of the purification tube 51 and is discharged into the atmosphere through the outlet pipe 12, completing the entire exhaust gas treatment process.
[0037] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the expansion structure of the inlet pipe 21 causes the exhaust gas volume to expand and the flow rate to decrease (fluid mechanics principle). Large particle pollutants initially settle due to inertia. The spoiler 22 forces the exhaust gas to form a spiral flow, increasing the contact area with the inner wall of the inlet pipe 21, promoting particle collision and deposition, and completing pretreatment. The guide groove 35 and the guide vane 33 guide the exhaust gas to spirally accelerate in the separator body 31, forming a centrifugal force field. Under the action of centrifugal force, the particles are thrown to the inner wall of the separator body 31, slide along the wall to the sewage outlet 36, and are discharged through the sewage pipe 13. The conical block The conical surface of 34 assists particles to gather toward the sewage outlet 36 to avoid accumulation and improve separation efficiency. The three-layer filter screen intercepts particles of different particle sizes in descending order of aperture to achieve fine filtration. The exhaust gas impacts the slide plate 412, driving the vibration plate 413 to vibrate at high frequency. The spring 411 resets and shakes off the particles on the filter screen to prevent blockage. The honeycomb groove 53 maximizes the contact area between the exhaust gas and the purification plate 52, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. The composite catalyst catalyzes the redox reaction of harmful gases at low temperature. The purified gas is discharged from the outlet pipe 12 through the opening at the lower end of the purification pipe 51.
[0038] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.
[0039] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. An exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine, comprising an exhaust gas treatment box (1), an exhaust connection port (11) being provided on one side surface of the exhaust gas treatment box (1), an exhaust pipe (12) and a sewage pipe (13) being installed on the lower side surface of the exhaust gas treatment box (1), characterized in that: Also includes; An introduction component (2), the introduction component (2) comprising an introduction pipe (2) arranged inside the processing box (1) and connected to the exhaust connection port (11); A separation assembly (3), the separation assembly (3) comprising a separator body (31) connected to the inlet pipe (2), the lower end opening of the separator body (31) being connected to the sewage pipe (13); A filter assembly (4), the filter assembly (4) comprising a filter tube (41) arranged on one side of the separator body (1), a first filter screen (43), a second filter screen (45), and a third filter screen (47) being arranged on the inner side of the filter tube (41); A purification component (5), the purification component (5) comprising a purification tube (51) arranged below the filter tube (41), the lower end opening of the purification tube (51) being connected to the air outlet pipe (12).
2. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the inlet pipe (2) gradually increases from the end connected to the exhaust connection port (11).
3. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein: A spoiler (22) is provided on the inner side of the inlet pipe (21), and the spoiler (22) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the inlet pipe (21) in a spiral shape.
4. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein: A spiral guide groove (35) is formed on the inner side of the separator body (31), and a guide vane (33) is installed on the inner side of the separator body (31). A sewage outlet (36) is provided at the lower end of the separator body (31). The separator body (31) is connected to the sewage pipe (13) through the sewage outlet (36). A U-shaped pipe (32) is installed at the upper opening of the separator body (31).
5. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein: A conical block (34) is installed at the lower inner portion of the separator body (31).
6. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein: The filter tube (41) is connected to the separator body (31) through the U-shaped tube (32). A first mounting ring (42), a second mounting ring (44), and a third mounting ring (46) are installed on the inner side of the filter tube (41) from top to bottom. The first filter screen (43), the second filter screen (45), and the third filter screen (47) are installed on the inner sides of the first mounting ring (42), the second mounting ring (44), and the third mounting ring (46), respectively.
7. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein: The pore sizes of the first filter screen (43), the second filter screen (45), and the third filter screen (47) gradually decrease.
8. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein: Six groups of mounting plates (48) are symmetrically mounted on the surfaces of the first mounting ring (42), the second mounting ring (44) and the third mounting ring (46). Each group of mounting plates (48) is divided into two, upper and lower groups. A sliding rod (410) is fixedly connected between the mounting plates (48) in the same group. The surface of the sliding rod (410) is slidably connected to a slide plate (412). The surface of the slide plate (412) is fixedly connected to a vibration plate (413). The surface of the slide plate (412) is slidably connected to a limiting rod (49), and the two ends of the limiting rod (49) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower mounting plates (48). A spring (411) is wound around the surface of the sliding rod (410), and the two ends of the spring (411) are respectively fixedly connected to the slide plate (412) and the mounting plate (48) located on the lower side.
9. The exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 8, wherein: The lower opening of the filter tube (41) is connected to a purification tube (51), and three purification plates (52) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the purification tube (51). The surface of each purification plate (52) is provided with a honeycomb groove (53), and the surface of each purification plate (52) is coated with a composite catalyst.
10. A method for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, applied to the exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine first passes through the exhaust connection port (11) on the exhaust gas treatment box (1) and enters the introduction pipe (21) in the introduction component (2). Since the diameter of the introduction pipe (21) gradually increases from the end connected to the exhaust connection port (11), the exhaust gas diffuses and the flow rate decreases at this point. At the same time, the spirally fixed spoiler (22) on the inner wall of the introduction pipe (21) promotes the exhaust gas to form a spiral flow, increases the contact area between the exhaust gas and the inner wall of the pipe, and causes the larger particulate pollutants in the exhaust gas to initially settle, completing the pretreatment of the exhaust gas introduction stage; S2, the exhaust gas that has been preliminarily treated by the inlet pipe (21) enters the separator body (31) of the separation assembly (3). The spiral guide groove (35) and the guide vane (33) on the inner side of the separator body (31) guide the exhaust gas to form a high-speed rotating airflow. Under the action of centrifugal force, larger particle pollutants in the exhaust gas are thrown toward the inner wall of the separator body (31), and slide down along the inner wall, and are discharged through the sewage outlet (36) at the lower end of the separator body (31) through the sewage pipe (13). In addition, the conical block (34) installed on the lower inner side of the separator body (31) helps the particle pollutants to gather more smoothly toward the sewage outlet (36), thereby improving the separation effect; S3. The waste gas that has completed centrifugal separation enters the filter tube (41) of the filter assembly (4) through the U-shaped tubular tube (32) at the upper end opening of the separator body (31). In the filter tube (41), the waste gas sequentially passes through the first filter screen (43), the second filter screen (45) and the third filter screen (47) fixed by the first mounting ring (42), the second mounting ring (44) and the third mounting ring (46), respectively. The apertures of the three layers of filter screens gradually decrease, and they can intercept particulate pollutants of different particle sizes respectively, further purifying the waste gas. During the flow of the waste gas, it impacts the slide plate (412) on the slide rod (410) between the surface mounting plates (48) of the first mounting ring (42), the second mounting ring (44) and the third mounting ring (46), driving the vibration plate (413) to vibrate, thereby preventing the filter screen from being blocked and maintaining the filtering effect; S4. The exhaust gas that has been filtered through multiple layers enters the purification pipe (51) of the purification assembly (5) from the lower opening of the filter pipe (41). The three purification plates (52) fixed on the inner side of the purification pipe (51) have honeycomb grooves (53) on their surfaces that increase the contact area between the exhaust gas and the purification plates (52). The composite catalyst coated on the surface of the purification plates (52) catalyzes the harmful gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, etc.) in the exhaust gas at a relatively low temperature and converts them into harmless substances. Finally, the purified exhaust gas passes through the lower opening of the purification pipe (51) and is discharged into the atmosphere through the outlet pipe (12), completing the entire exhaust gas treatment process.