Pressure testing device for anti-freezing optical cable and testing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical cable testing, and provides a pressure testing device for an anti-freezing optical cable, which comprises a U-shaped steel pipe, a control cabinet, a pressure testing device, a pressure testing device, a pressure testing device, a pressure testing device, a pressure testing device, a pressure testing device and a pressure testing device, and is characterized in that the pressure testing device is used for simulating the actual laying bending state of the anti-freezing optical cable; the control cabinet comprises a temperature control module, a water quantity control module and a multi-parameter monitoring module; the temperature control module is used for simulating a high-temperature or low-temperature environment; the water quantity control module is used for controlling the quantity of water injected into the U-shaped steel pipe; the multi-parameter control module is used for detecting the pressure borne by the optical cable in the U-shaped steel pipe and also used for monitoring the attenuation change of a fiber core in real time; and the clamping jaw mechanism is used for fixing the U-shaped steel pipes of different specifications and adjusting the placing postures of the U-shaped steel pipes. The problems that plugging operation of the two ends of a traditional steel pipe is tedious, sealing performance is poor, the water amount in the steel pipe cannot be accurately controlled, and ice melting time is long after an icing experiment are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical cable testing, and in particular to a pressure testing device and a testing method for an anti-freezing optical cable. Background Art

[0002] For the anti-freezing test of optical cables, if similar conditions are not simulated, direct on-site testing will have great limitations. On the one hand, actual freezing only occurs in winter and spring, and the time is short. If the field verification fails, re-trial production and re-verification will be very hasty. On the other hand, due to the severe cold weather, excavation work is difficult to carry out. It is difficult to truly simulate the conditions when the optical cable is officially used. Therefore, it is very necessary to design corresponding simulation experiments and develop freezing test technology. The existing technology for pressure testing of optical cables has the following limitations: Low sealing efficiency: The traditional steel pipe end-to-end sealing operation is cumbersome and has poor sealing performance, making it difficult to quickly repeat the experiment; Insufficient environmental simulation: The water volume in the steel pipe cannot be accurately controlled, resulting in test results that deviate from reality; The experimental cycle is long: it takes a long time to melt the ice after the freezing experiment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention solves the problems of complicated operation and poor sealing of both ends of traditional steel pipes, inability to accurately control the amount of water in the steel pipe, and long time required for ice melting after freezing experiments.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a pressure testing device for an ice-resistant optical cable, the device comprising: A U-shaped steel pipe is used to simulate the actual bending state of the anti-freeze optical cable. Both ends of the U-shaped steel pipe are provided with a blocking mechanism for blocking the two ends of the U-shaped steel pipe; A control cabinet comprising a temperature control module, a water volume control module, and a multi-parameter monitoring module. The temperature control module is used to simulate high or low temperature environments; the water volume control module is used to control the amount of water injected into the U-shaped steel tube; and the multi-parameter control module is used to detect the pressure exerted on the optical cable in the U-shaped steel tube and to monitor changes in fiber core loss in real time. The clamping mechanism is used to fix U-shaped steel pipes of different specifications and adjust the placement of the U-shaped steel pipes.

[0005] Furthermore, the blocking mechanism includes a blocking head, which is used to block the end of the U-shaped steel pipe. The end of the blocking head is fixedly connected to a threaded ring. A threaded groove is provided at the end of the U-shaped steel pipe. The blocking head is connected to the pipe through the threaded ring and the threaded groove. The end of the blocking head is provided with a sealing mechanism, which is used to seal and fix the blocking head and the optical cable body. The blocking mechanism also includes an upper sleeve and a lower sleeve. Both ends of the upper sleeve are provided with a first side plate, and both ends of the lower sleeve are provided with a second side plate adapted to the first side plate. The surfaces of the first side plate and the second side plate are both provided with mounting holes.

[0006] Furthermore, the sealing mechanism includes a wrapping ring fixedly mounted on the end of the sealing head, a sealing ring is provided on the outer side of the wrapping ring, the end of the sealing ring is fixedly mounted on the end of the sealing head, a bottom ring is provided on the outer side of the sealing ring, the bottom ring is fixedly mounted on the end of the sealing head, a plurality of elastic sheets are fixedly mounted on the end of the bottom ring, a locking hoop is provided on the outer side of the elastic sheet, the locking hoop includes a belt body and a belt tail, a plurality of evenly distributed belt teeth are provided on the belt body, the belt body and the belt tail are slidingly connected, a fixed seat is provided above the belt tail, fixed plates are fixedly mounted at both ends of the fixed seat, the fixed plate is fixedly mounted on the belt tail, a locking rod is rotatably connected in the fixed seat, the locking rod includes a locking rod and a locking tail, the surface of the locking rod is provided with locking teeth matching the belt teeth, and a twisting rod is fixedly mounted on the end of the lock tail.

[0007] Furthermore, the temperature control module includes a high and low temperature control box, a first side hole and a second side hole are opened on the side of the high and low temperature control box, and the clamping mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the high and low temperature control box.

[0008] Furthermore, the water volume control module includes a water tank and a water pump fixedly mounted on the outer side wall of the high and low temperature control box. The water pumping end of the water pump is connected to the water tank via a water pumping pipe. A water supply pipe is installed at the output end of the water pump, and the water supply pipe extends into the high and low temperature control box through a first side hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-parameter monitoring module includes a pressure sensor and a core loss monitoring unit; The pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the optical cable to be tested, and is used to test the pressure change of the optical cable in real time; the core loss monitoring unit is installed on the outer wall of the high and low temperature control box, and is used to monitor the core loss change of the optical cable to be tested in real time; The multi-parameter monitoring module further comprises a visual display unit, which is installed outside the high and low temperature control box and is used to display the data of the real-time monitored pressure changes and fiber core attenuation changes.

[0010] 7. The swiftly and minutely adjusting device for a wood-planer working table as claimed in claim 1, wherein said linking rod and said adjusting base are pivotally connected to each other with a bolt, and said bolt has a round shank to contact with said linking rod. said linking rod has a first end in contact with said linking rod and a second end in contact with said linking rod.

[0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides a testing method based on the pressure testing device for the anti-freeze optical cable, the method comprising: Select a U-shaped steel tube according to the size required by the experiment and insert the optical cable into the U-shaped steel tube; Water is injected into the U-shaped steel pipe through the water volume control module, and the water volume is controlled by the water volume control module according to the experimental requirements; The two ends of the U-shaped steel pipe are sealed by the sealing mechanism, the U-shaped steel pipe is placed according to the experimental requirements, and the U-shaped steel pipe is fixed by the clamping mechanism; The temperature control module is used to simulate a low-temperature environment and control temperature changes, and the multi-parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the pressure data of the optical cable and the fiber core loss change data in real time.

[0012] Furthermore, the testing method further includes: After the test, the temperature control module is used to heat the ice in the U-shaped steel tube to accelerate the melting of the ice. The multi-parameter monitoring module monitors the pressure data on the optical cable to determine the melting status of the ice. Based on the melting status of the ice, it is determined whether to shut down the temperature control module. Specifically: By comparing the monitored pressure with a preset pressure threshold, if the pressure is greater than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature control module continues to control and accelerate the melting of the ice; If the pressure is less than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature control module turns off the heating operation; After the temperature control module turns off the heating, the sealing mechanism is disassembled, and the optical cable is pulled out of the U-shaped steel tube and prepared for the next test.

[0013] Furthermore, at least three groups of pressure sensor arrays are arranged equidistantly along the axial direction on the surface of the optical cable to be tested, and each group of arrays includes four circumferentially distributed micro piezoresistive sensors; The pressure data of each point is collected synchronously at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz to generate an axial-circumferential pressure distribution cloud map; By injecting pulsed light into the optical fiber and analyzing the backscattered light signal, a loss-distance curve is generated; The relationship between the pressure on the optical cable and the core loss is analyzed based on the axial-circumferential pressure distribution cloud diagram and the loss-distance curve diagram. Beneficial effects

[0014] The present invention provides a pressure testing device and a testing method for an anti-freezing optical cable. By setting a sealing mechanism, water in a steel pipe is ensured to remain between the steel pipes, while simplifying the sealing of the steel pipe and the disassembly of the sealing structure during experimental operation.

[0015] The present invention provides a pressure testing device and a testing method for an anti-freezing optical cable. A pressure sensor is installed in a steel pipe to test and monitor the pressure exerted on the optical cable in the steel pipe. At the same time, a fiber core loss monitoring unit is provided to achieve real-time monitoring of the fiber core loss changes of the optical cable itself and obtain the loss results of the optical cable. The monitored data is displayed through a provided visual display unit.

[0016] The present invention provides a pressure testing device and a testing method for an anti-freezing optical cable. A clamping mechanism is provided to adjust and fix the placement state of a U-shaped steel pipe, thereby achieving a true simulation of the state of the optical cable in the pipe.

[0017] The present invention provides a pressure testing device and a testing method for an anti-freezing optical cable, which realizes the injection of water into a steel pipe and the control of the water volume through a water volume control unit, and can simulate the water volume in the pipeline under actual or extreme conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic overall diagram of the pressure testing device structure of the anti-freeze optical cable of the present invention from one viewing angle; Figure 2 This is an overall schematic diagram of the pressure testing device structure of the anti-freeze optical cable of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a partial structural diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the partial structure of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the blocking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the blocking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the U-shaped steel pipe structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic sheet structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the locking band structure of the present invention; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0019] Description of reference numerals: 100, optical cable body; 200, U-shaped steel pipe; 201, threaded groove; 310, upper sleeve; 320, lower sleeve; 330, first side plate; 340, second side plate; 350, mounting hole; 400, plugging head; 410, threaded ring; 420, wrapping ring; 500, elastic sheet; 510, bottom ring; 520, sealing ring; 600, locking band; 601, band body; 602, band tail; 603, band teeth; 610, fixing seat; 620, locking rod; 621, locking tail; 622, locking rod; 630, twisting rod; 650, fixing plate; 70 0. Temperature control module; 701. First side hole; 702. Second side hole; 710. High and low temperature control box; 720. Core loss monitoring unit; 730. Visual display unit; 800. Clamping mechanism; 810. Third side plate; 821. First thread; 822. Second thread; 823. Slide rod; 824. Connecting block; 830. Reciprocating motor; 840. Adjusting block; 841. Slide groove; 850. Connecting rod; 860. Rocker arm; 870. Clamping head; 871. Slider; 900. Cable drum; 910. Support seat; 920. Cylindrical rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following Figure 1-11 The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

[0021] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 The present invention provides a pressure testing device for an anti-freezing optical cable, the device comprising: The U-shaped steel tube 200 is used to simulate the actual bending state of the anti-freeze optical cable during installation. Both ends of the U-shaped steel tube 200 are provided with a blocking mechanism for blocking both ends of the U-shaped steel tube 200. The U-shaped steel tube 200 is provided with multiple sizes to simulate the actual conditions of the optical cable in different pipelines during actual use. A control cabinet includes a temperature control module 700, a water volume control module, and a multi-parameter monitoring module. The temperature control module 700 is used to simulate high or low temperature environments. A low temperature environment causes the water in the U-shaped steel pipe 200 to freeze, while a high temperature environment causes the ice in the U-shaped steel pipe 200 to melt. The freezing and melting speeds are controlled by controlling the temperature. The water volume control module is used to control the amount of water injected into the U-shaped steel pipe 200, thereby realistically simulating the pressure on the optical cable after the water freezes. The multi-parameter control module is used to detect the pressure on the optical cable in the U-shaped steel pipe 200 and to monitor changes in fiber core loss in real time. The clamping mechanism 800 is used to fix U-shaped steel pipes 200 of different specifications and adjust the placement of the U-shaped steel pipes 200, thereby realistically simulating the distribution of water in the pipeline.

[0022] As a further solution of an embodiment of the present invention, the sealing mechanism includes a sealing head 400, which is used to seal the end of the U-shaped steel pipe 200. The end of the sealing head 400 is fixedly connected to a threaded ring 410. A threaded groove 201 is provided at the end of the U-shaped steel pipe 200. The sealing head 400 is connected to the pipe through the threaded ring 410 and the threaded groove 201. A sealing mechanism is provided at the end of the sealing head 400, which is used to seal and fix the sealing head 400 and the optical cable body 100. See also Figures 6-11 The blocking mechanism also includes an upper sleeve 310 and a lower sleeve 320. Both ends of the upper sleeve 310 are provided with a first side plate 330, and both ends of the lower sleeve 320 are provided with a second side plate 340 adapted to the first side plate 330. The surfaces of the first side plate 330 and the second side plate 340 are both provided with mounting holes 350.

[0023] Based on the above scheme, the sealing mechanism includes a wrapping ring 420 fixedly mounted on the end of the plugging head 400, and a sealing ring 520 is sleeved on the outside of the wrapping ring 420. The wrapping ring 420 and the sealing ring 520 are both made of elastic materials (such as rubber materials, and other materials used for sealing are applicable). The end of the sealing ring 520 is fixedly mounted on the end of the plugging head 400, and a bottom ring 510 is sleeved on the outside of the sealing ring 520. The bottom ring 510 is fixedly mounted on the end of the plugging head 400, and a plurality of elastic sheets 500 are fixedly mounted on the end of the bottom ring 510. A locking hoop 600 is sleeved on the outside of the elastic sheet 500. The locking hoop The belt 600 includes a belt body 601 and a belt tail 602, and the belt body 601 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed belt teeth 603. The belt body 601 is slidingly connected to the belt tail 602. A fixed seat 610 is provided above the belt tail 602, and fixed plates 650 are fixedly installed at both ends of the fixed seat 610. The fixed plates 650 are fixedly installed on the belt tail 602. A locking rod 620 is rotatably connected in the fixed seat 610, and the locking rod 620 includes a locking rod 622 and a locking tail 621. The surface of the locking rod 622 is provided with locking teeth adapted to the belt teeth 603, and a twisting rod 630 is fixedly installed at the end of the locking tail 621. In the specific real-time process, the working process of the sealing mechanism is as follows: the locking rod 620 is rotated by twisting the rod 630, the locking rod 622 on the locking rod 620 rotates, and the locking teeth on the locking rod 622 drive the belt teeth 603 to move, and the movement of the belt teeth 603 drives the belt body 601 to slide in the belt tail 602. At this time, the locking hoop belt 600 squeezes or loosens the elastic sheet 500, thereby adjusting the tightness between the entire sealing structure and the optical cable body 100.

[0024] See also Figure 2 As a further solution of an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature control module 700 includes a high and low temperature control box 710, and a first side hole 701 and a second side hole 702 are opened on the side of the high and low temperature control box 710, and the clamping mechanism 800 is installed on the inner wall of the high and low temperature control box 710.

[0025] See also Figure 2 As a further embodiment of the present invention, the water volume control module includes a water tank and a water pump fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the high-temperature control box 710. The pumping end of the water pump is connected to the water tank via a pumping pipe. The output end of the water pump is equipped with a water pipe, which extends into the high-temperature control box 710 through the first side hole 701. A bracket is also installed inside the high-temperature control box 710. The bracket has an opening for clamping the water pipe. The water pipe body is equipped with a placement ring for use with the bracket, and the pipe end of the water pipe is a retractable pipe body.

[0026] As a further solution of an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-parameter monitoring module includes a pressure sensor and a core loss monitoring unit 720; The pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the optical cable to be tested, and is used to test the pressure changes on the optical cable in real time; the core loss monitoring unit 720 is installed on the outer wall of the high and low temperature control box 710, and is used to monitor the core loss changes of the optical cable to be tested in real time; the core loss monitoring unit 720 should have a fixed pigtail interface 1-48 cores, one end of the pigtail interface is connected to the outgoing pigtail of the optical cable to be tested through the second side hole 702; the other end is connected to the dummy pigtail in the core loss monitoring unit 720 through the second side hole 702, and the length of the dummy pigtail is at least 3 kilometers, which is convenient for attenuation point monitoring. The dummy pigtail is connected to the OTDR module in the core loss monitoring unit 720, and the core loss monitoring unit 720 can monitor each core in real time and form a monitoring curve; The multi-parameter monitoring module further includes a visual display unit 730 , which is installed outside the high and low temperature control box 710 and is used to display the data of the real-time monitored pressure change and fiber core loss change.

[0027] See also Figure 3-Figure 5As a further solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the clamping mechanism 800 includes two third side plates 810 fixedly installed in the high and low temperature control box 710, a sliding rod 823 is fixedly connected between the two third side plates 810, and a threaded rod is rotatably connected between the two third side plates 810. The threaded rod can rotate around its own axis as the central axis, and a first thread 821 and a second thread 822 are symmetrically arranged on the threaded rod. The first thread 821 and the second thread 822 are symmetrically distributed. Two symmetrically distributed connecting blocks 824 are threadedly connected to the threaded rod, and the two connecting blocks 824 are threadedly connected to the first thread 821 and the second thread 822 respectively. The two connecting blocks 824 are slidably connected to the slide bar 823. The slider 871 is fixedly connected to an adjustment block 840. A reciprocating motor 830 is mounted in the middle of the adjustment block 840. The output end of the reciprocating motor 830 is fixedly connected to a connecting rod 850. Both ends of the connecting rod 850 are rotatably connected to a rocker arm 860. Slide slots 841 are defined at both ends of the adjustment block 840. Sliding blocks 871 are slidably mounted within the slide slots 841. A clamping head 870 is fixedly mounted on the top of the slider 871. The ends of the two rocker arms 860 are respectively connected to the two clamping heads 870. The rocker arm 860 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the clamping head 870. The first thread 821 and the second thread 822 have the same thread size and opposite thread directions. During the specific implementation process, the workflow is as follows: according to the size of the U-shaped steel pipe 200, the distance between the two connecting blocks 824 is adjusted by rotating the threaded rod. After adjustment, the rotation of the reciprocating motor 830 drives the rotation of the connecting rod 850, and the connecting rod 850 drives the swing of the rocker arm 860. The swing of the rocker arm 860 drives the sliding of the two clamping claws 870 on the adjustment block 840, thereby achieving the clamping of the U-shaped steel pipe 200. Depending on the specific situation, the U-shaped steel pipe 200 can be placed vertically, horizontally or at a certain angle.

[0028] At the same time, four support seats 910 distributed at four corners are installed at the bottom of the high and low temperature control box 710. Each support seat 910 has two symmetrically distributed support blocks. Multiple rotatably connected cylindrical rods 920 are installed between the two support blocks. The optical cable reel 900 is placed on the cylindrical rods 920 of the support seat 910. The optical cable reel 900 is used to place the optical cable, and the entire optical cable is rolled on the optical cable reel 900.

[0029] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a testing method based on the pressure testing device for the anti-freeze optical cable, the method comprising: Select a U-shaped steel tube 200 according to the size required by the experiment, and insert the optical cable into the U-shaped steel tube 200; Water is injected into the U-shaped steel pipe 200 through the water control module, and the water volume is controlled by the water control module according to the experimental requirements; The U-shaped steel tube 200 is sealed at both ends by the sealing mechanism, the U-shaped steel tube 200 is placed according to the experimental requirements, and the U-shaped steel tube 200 is fixed by the clamping mechanism 800; The temperature control module 700 is used to simulate a low-temperature environment and control temperature changes, and the multi-parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the pressure data of the optical cable and the fiber core loss change data in real time.

[0030] As a further solution of an embodiment of the present invention, the testing method further includes: After the test is completed, the temperature control module 700 controls the heating of the ice cubes in the U-shaped steel pipe 200 to accelerate the melting speed of the ice cubes; The multi-parameter monitoring module monitors the pressure data on the optical cable to determine the melting status of the ice cubes, and determines whether to shut down the temperature control module 700 according to the melting status of the ice cubes. Specifically: By comparing the monitored pressure with a preset pressure threshold, if the pressure is greater than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature control module 700 continues to control the accelerated melting of the ice cubes; wherein the pressure threshold can be set based on experience; If the pressure is less than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature control module 700 turns off the heating operation; After the temperature control module 700 turns off the heating, the blocking mechanism is disassembled, and the optical cable is pulled out of the U-shaped steel pipe 200 to prepare for the next test.

[0031] As a further solution of the embodiment of the present invention, at least three groups of pressure sensor arrays are arranged equidistantly along the axial direction on the surface of the optical cable to be tested, and each group of arrays includes four micro piezoresistive sensors distributed circumferentially; The pressure data of each point is collected synchronously at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz to generate an axial-circumferential pressure distribution cloud map; By injecting pulsed light into the optical fiber and analyzing the backscattered light signal, a loss-distance curve is generated; The relationship between the pressure on the optical cable and the core loss is analyzed based on the axial-circumferential pressure distribution cloud diagram and the loss-distance curve diagram.

[0032] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure testing device for anti-freezing optical cables, characterized in that: The device comprises: A U-shaped steel pipe (200) is used to simulate the actual bending state of the anti-freezing optical cable during installation, and both ends of the U-shaped steel pipe (200) are provided with a blocking mechanism for blocking both ends of the U-shaped steel pipe (200); A control cabinet, comprising a temperature control module (700), a water volume control module, and a multi-parameter monitoring module, wherein the temperature control module (700) is used to simulate a high temperature or low temperature environment; the water volume control module is used to control the volume of water injected into the U-shaped steel pipe (200); and the multi-parameter control module is used to detect the pressure exerted on the optical cable in the U-shaped steel pipe (200) and to monitor changes in fiber core loss in real time; The clamping mechanism (800) is used to fix U-shaped steel pipes (200) of different specifications and adjust the placement posture of the U-shaped steel pipes (200).

2. The pressure testing device for anti-freeze optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking mechanism comprises a blocking head (400), the blocking head (400) being used to block the end of the U-shaped steel pipe (200), the end of the blocking head (400) being fixedly connected to a threaded ring (410), a threaded groove (201) being provided at the end of the U-shaped steel pipe (200), the blocking head (400) being connected to the pipe via the threaded ring (410) and the threaded groove (201), the end of the blocking head (400) being provided with a sealing mechanism, the sealing mechanism being used to seal and fix the blocking head (400) and the optical cable body (100); The blocking mechanism further comprises an upper sleeve (310) and a lower sleeve (320), wherein both ends of the upper sleeve (310) are provided with a first side plate (330), and both ends of the lower sleeve (320) are provided with a second side plate (340) adapted to the first side plate (330), and mounting holes (350) are provided on the surfaces of the first side plate (330) and the second side plate (340).

3. The pressure testing device for anti-freeze optical cable according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing mechanism comprises a wrapping ring (420) fixedly mounted on the end of the plugging head (400), a sealing ring (520) is sleeved on the outside of the wrapping ring (420), the end of the sealing ring (520) is fixedly mounted on the end of the plugging head (400), a bottom ring (510) is sleeved on the outside of the sealing ring (520), the bottom ring (510) is fixedly mounted on the end of the plugging head (400), a plurality of elastic sheets (500) are fixedly mounted on the end of the bottom ring (510), a locking band (600) is sleeved on the outside of the elastic sheet (500), the locking band (600) comprises a band body (601) and a band tail (602), the band body (601) ) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed belt teeth (603), the belt body (601) and the belt tail (602) are slidably connected, a fixing seat (610) is provided above the belt tail (602), fixing plates (650) are fixedly installed at both ends of the fixing seat (610), the fixing plates (650) are fixedly installed on the belt tail (602), a locking rod (620) is rotatably connected in the fixing seat (610), the locking rod (620) includes a locking rod (622) and a locking tail (621), the surface of the locking rod (622) is provided with locking teeth adapted to the belt teeth (603), and a twisting rod (630) is fixedly installed at the end of the locking tail (621).

4. The pressure testing device for anti-freezing optical cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control module (700) comprises a high and low temperature control box (710), a first side hole (701) and a second side hole (702) are provided on the side of the high and low temperature control box (710), and the clamping mechanism (800) is installed on the inner wall of the high and low temperature control box (710).

5. The pressure testing device for anti-freezing optical cables according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water volume control module comprises a water tank and a water pump fixedly mounted on the outer side wall of the high and low temperature control box (710); a water pumping end of the water pump is connected to the water tank via a water pumping pipe; a water delivery pipe is mounted on the output end of the water pump, and the water delivery pipe extends into the high and low temperature control box (710) through a first side hole (701).

6. The pressure testing device for anti-freezing optical cables according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-parameter monitoring module includes a pressure sensor and a fiber core loss monitoring unit (720); The pressure sensor is arranged on the surface of the optical cable to be tested, and is used for real-time testing of the pressure change on the optical cable; the core loss monitoring unit (720) is installed on the outer wall of the high and low temperature control box (710), and is used for real-time monitoring of the core loss change of the optical cable to be tested; The multi-parameter monitoring module further comprises a visual display unit (730), which is installed outside the high and low temperature control box (710) and is used to display data of real-time monitored pressure changes and fiber core loss changes.

7. The pressure testing device for anti-freeze optical cables according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (800) includes two third side plates (810) fixedly installed in the high and low temperature control box (710), a sliding rod (823) is fixedly connected between the two third side plates (810), and a threaded rod is rotatably connected between the two third side plates (810), and the threaded rod can rotate with its own axis as the central axis, and a first thread (821) and a second thread (822) are symmetrically arranged on the threaded rod, and the first thread (821) and the second thread (822) are symmetrically distributed, and two symmetrically distributed connecting blocks (824) are threadedly connected to the threaded rod, and the two connecting blocks (824) are respectively threadedly connected to the first thread (821) and the second thread (822), and the two connecting blocks (824) are both connected to the first thread (821) and the second thread (822). The slide rod (823) is slidably connected, and the slider (871) is fixedly connected to an adjustment block (840), a reciprocating motor (830) is installed in the middle of the adjustment block (840), and the output end of the reciprocating motor (830) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (850), and both ends of the connecting rod (850) are rotatably connected to a rocker (860), and both ends of the adjustment block (840) are provided with a slide groove (841), and a sliding slider (871) is installed in the slide groove (841), and a clamping claw head (870) is fixedly installed on the top of the slider (871), and the ends of the two rocker rods (860) are respectively connected to the two clamping claw heads (870), and the rocker rod (860) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the clamping claw head (870).

8. A testing method based on the pressure testing device for anti-freeze optical cables according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: Selecting a U-shaped steel tube (200) according to the size required by the experiment, and inserting the optical cable into the U-shaped steel tube (200); Injecting water into the U-shaped steel pipe (200) through a water volume control module, and controlling the water volume through the water volume control module according to experimental requirements; The two ends of the U-shaped steel pipe (200) are sealed by a sealing mechanism, the U-shaped steel pipe (200) is placed according to the experimental requirements, and the U-shaped steel pipe (200) is fixed by a clamping mechanism (800); A low-temperature environment is simulated and temperature changes are controlled by the temperature control module (700), and pressure data on the optical cable and fiber core loss change data are monitored in real time by the multi-parameter monitoring module.

9. The pressure testing device for anti-freeze optical cables according to claim 8, characterized in that: The test method further comprises: After the test is completed, the ice cubes in the U-shaped steel tube (200) are heated by the temperature control module (700) to accelerate the melting speed of the ice cubes; The pressure data on the optical cable is monitored by the multi-parameter monitoring module to determine the melting status of the ice cubes, and whether to shut down the temperature control module (700) is determined according to the melting status of the ice cubes. Specifically: By comparing the monitored pressure with a preset pressure threshold, if the pressure is greater than the preset pressure threshold, the temperature control module (700) continues to control the accelerated melting of the ice cubes; If the pressure is less than a preset pressure threshold, the temperature control module (700) turns off the heating operation; After the temperature control module (700) turns off the heating, the blocking mechanism is disassembled, and the optical cable is pulled out of the U-shaped steel tube (200) to prepare for the next test.

10. The pressure testing device for anti-freeze optical cables according to claim 8, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring of the pressure data on the optical cable and the fiber core loss change data by the multi-parameter monitoring module includes: At least three pressure sensor arrays are arranged equidistantly along the axial direction on the surface of the optical cable to be tested, and each array contains four circumferentially distributed micro piezoresistive sensors; The pressure data of each point is collected synchronously at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz to generate an axial-circumferential pressure distribution cloud map; By injecting pulsed light into the optical cable and analyzing the backscattered light signal, a loss-distance curve is generated; The relationship between the pressure on the optical cable and the core loss is analyzed based on the axial-circumferential pressure distribution cloud diagram and the loss-distance curve diagram.

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