Green land plant introduction evaluation method based on functional character and climate zone differentiation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of urban ecological greening, and particularly discloses a greenbelt plant introduction evaluation method based on functional character and climatic zone differentiation, which comprises the following steps: establishing a climatic zone-functional character-ecological service three-level evaluation chain: dividing climatic zones: dividing five types of climatic zones according to annual average temperature / rainfall, and determining core limiting factors of each zone; screening functional characters: selecting measurable and highly correlated functional characters; ecological service quantification: evaluating diversity and productivity through function uniformity and photosynthetic rate; core parameters and quantification methods are climate adaptability parameters (represented by transpiration cooling capability). According to the greenbelt plant introduction evaluation method based on functional character and climate zone differentiation, scientific research evaluation is converted into a tool which can be executed by front-line personnel through a clear formula, a quantitative threshold value and standardized operation steps, and a closed-loop operation chain of taking indexes, testing, calculating scores and determining a scheme is truly realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban ecological greening, and in particular to a green space plant introduction evaluation method based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation. Background Art

[0002] Plant introductions in urban green spaces have long relied on empirical decisions and landscape requirements, lacking a scientific, quantitative evaluation system. This has led to a high failure rate for cross-climate introductions. According to the "China Urban Green Space Construction Report," due to neglect of climate adaptability, the average three-year survival rate of subtropical trees introduced into temperate regions is only around 50%. The blind introduction of high-transpiration species in arid regions has caused maintenance costs to surge by over 40%. Existing technologies, such as patent CN104521712A, propose a method for screening salt tolerance in saline-alkali land, but they fail to integrate the evaluation of synergistic resistance to factors such as drought and pollution, making them inadequate for addressing the complex stresses of urban environments. Furthermore, traditional methods focus solely on landscape effects, resulting in over 80% pure forests, resulting in poor ecological function and carbon sequestration rates that are over 35% lower than those of communities with high functional diversity. Furthermore, current evaluations overly rely on machine learning models (such as random forest survival rate prediction), which require input of over 20 trait parameters. This makes implementation difficult at the grassroots level due to equipment shortages and data gaps. For example, in a greening project in a city in East China, the 12 species recommended by the model were abandoned due to a lack of photosynthetic instrument measurement data. This technical dilemma created three contradictions: first, a mismatch between climate zones and species. For example, introducing shallow-rooted lilac into a seasonally drought-prone area resulted in a drought mortality rate of nearly 90%; second, a fragmentation of ecological service functions, with no established quantitative linkage between functional traits (such as specific leaf area for carbon sequestration and root depth for wind resistance) and ecological benefits; and third, uncontrolled economic costs. Replanting costs due to a lack of stress resistance accounted for 34% of the total green space investment. The industry urgently needs a model-free, field-operable evaluation method that defines key trait thresholds through climate zoning, combines multi-resistance integrated testing with the coordinated optimization of diversity and productivity, and achieves scientific introduction. It is in this context that this technology, based on the theory of plant functional ecology, pioneered a three-level evaluation chain of "climate zone-trait-service", converting abstract ecological needs into measurable indicators such as transpiration temperature difference and proline content, establishing standardized processes such as complex salt solution testing and FEve index calculation, and ultimately forming a decision-making system that can be executed by grassroots personnel with basic tools, fundamentally solving the industry's chronic problems of "introduction death, ecological inefficiency, and cost overruns". Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a green space plant introduction evaluation method based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation includes the following steps: Establish a three-level evaluation chain of "climate zone-functional traits-ecological services": Climate zone division: Divide into five climate zones based on average annual temperature / precipitation, and identify the core limiting factors of each region; Functional trait screening: Select measurable and strongly correlated functional traits; Quantification of ecological services: assessing diversity and productivity through functional evenness and photosynthetic rate; Core parameters and quantification methods: Climate adaptability parameters: Transpiration cooling capacity measurement: The test was conducted between 12:00 and 14:00 noon on a clear day in summer. Mature leaves at the top of the plants were selected and measured using an infrared thermometer. The normal leaf temperature (i.e., the leaf surface temperature in its natural state) and the non-transpiration leaf temperature (i.e., the temperature measured after applying vaseline to the stomata on both sides of the leaf) were measured. The difference was calculated as: ΔT = Tno-transpiration - Tnormal. Requirements: Tropical / Southern subtropical: ΔT ≥ 3°C, Temperate: ΔT ≤ 1°C; Calculation of water use efficiency: Net photosynthetic rate (μmol / m² / s) and stomatal conductance (mmol / m² / s) were measured using an LI-6400XT photosynthetic meter. The ratio of the two was calculated to obtain WUE = Pn / gs. Compliance requirements: Arid areas: WUE>5.0, other areas: WUE>3.0; Composite resistance parameters: Drought survival test: Prepare 10 potted seedlings, stop watering until the soil moisture content drops to 20%, maintain this moisture content for 15 days, record the number of surviving plants every day, and calculate the drought survival rate = number of surviving plants on the 15th day / 10 × 100%; Scoring rules: 100% survival rate → 100 points, 20 points will be deducted for every 10% decrease; Salt damage tolerance test: Prepare a 0.8% double salt solution, that is, take 8 grams of salt mixture (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3=1:1:3), dissolve in 1 liter of water, irrigate once every 3 days, 500ml / pot each time, for 14 days. On the 15th day, calculate the ratio of leaf yellowing area = yellowing leaf area / total leaf area; Scoring rules: if the yellowing rate is less than 40%, 100 points will be awarded, and 25 points will be deducted for every 10% increase. Pollution safety factor test: Prepare contaminated soil by adding 100mg of cadmium to every kg of soil. This involves weighing 0.1g of CdCl2 powder and mixing it into the soil. Transplant seedlings and, after 30 days, take leaves and test for cadmium content. The test results are as follows: When the cadmium content is ≤20mg / kg, the pollution safety factor is 100, indicating that the cadmium pollution level in the environment or sample is within a safe range. When the cadmium content is >20mg / kg, the pollution safety factor is 0, indicating that the cadmium pollution has exceeded the safety threshold and poses a risk. Resistance index calculation: resistance index = (drought survival rate score + salt tolerance rate score + pollution safety factor) / 3; Diversity maintenance parameters: Functional evenness calculation: Measure plant height, specific leaf area, and flowering period for all species in the community, calculate the coefficient of variation and mean of each trait, and calculate functional evenness using the formula = 1-CVm, where CVm represents the average coefficient of variation of multiple data sets. The compliance requirement is: FEve ≥ 0.7; Productivity parameters: Carbon sequestration potential assessment: Use a photosynthetic meter to measure the maximum net photosynthetic rate, with the light intensity set at 1500 μmol / m² / s and the CO2 concentration at 400 ppm; then use a table to determine productivity; Comprehensive scoring decision: introduction priority = 0.3 × climate adaptability + 0.3 × resistance index + 0.2 × FEve + 0.2 × carbon sequestration potential; Evaluation results: score ≥80: large-scale introduction; 60-80: pilot planting; <60: Eliminated.

[0004] Preferably, the temperature on a sunny day in summer is >30°C.

[0005] Preferably, the 10 potted seedlings prepared during the drought survival rate test have a plant height of 20-30 cm, and their water content is monitored using a soil moisture rapid tester.

[0006] Preferably, the cadmium content in the pollution safety factor test is detected by entrusting a laboratory to perform the detection using atomic absorption spectrometry.

[0007] It has the following beneficial effects: 1. Climate zone-functional trait coupling: Establish quantitative matching rules between climate zones and functional traits to solve the problem of cross-regional introduction maladaptation; 2. Comprehensive resistance evaluation: integrating drought, salinity, and pollution stress experiments, covering 90% of urban adversity scenarios; 3. Diversity-productivity synergy: Ensure niche complementarity of introduced species through the FEve index, thereby improving community stability and carbon sequestration capacity; 4. De-modeling operation: Use trait thresholds (such as WUE>5.0) and arithmetic formulas to replace black box models, which can be quickly implemented by grassroots units. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0009] The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for evaluating the introduction of green space plants based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation, comprising the following steps: Establish a three-level evaluation chain of "climate zone-functional traits-ecological services": Climate zone division: Divide into five climate zones based on annual average temperature / precipitation, and identify the core limiting factors of each region, as shown in the following table: Table 1. Climate zone divisions and functional trait requirements

[0010] Functional trait screening: Select measurable and strongly correlated functional traits; Quantification of ecological services: functional evenness (FEve) and photosynthetic rate (A max ) assess diversity and productivity; Core parameters and quantification methods: Climate adaptability parameters: Transpiration cooling capacity (ΔT) measurement: This was conducted between 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM on clear, summer days with temperatures >30°C. Mature leaves at the top of the plants were selected and measured using an infrared thermometer. The normal leaf temperature (Tnormal), defined as the leaf surface temperature under natural conditions, and the non-transpiration leaf temperature (Tnotranspiration), defined as the temperature measured after applying vaseline to the stomata on both sides of the leaf, were measured. The difference was calculated as: ΔT = Tnotranspiration - Tnormal. Compliance requirements (by climate zone): Tropical / Southern subtropical: ΔT ≥ 3°C, Temperate: ΔT ≤ 1°C; Calculation of water use efficiency (WUE): Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in μmol / m² / s and stomatal conductance (gs) in mmol / m² / s were measured using an LI-6400XT photosynthetic meter. WUE was calculated as Pn / gs by calculating their ratio. Compliance requirements: Arid areas: WUE>5.0, other areas: WUE>3.0; Composite resistance parameters: Drought survival test: Prepare 10 potted seedlings with a plant height of 20-30 cm. Stop watering until the soil moisture content drops to 20%. Maintain this moisture content for 15 days. Monitor the moisture content with a soil moisture meter and record the number of surviving plants daily. Calculate the drought survival rate as the number of surviving plants on the 15th day / 10 × 100%. Scoring rules: 100% survival rate → 100 points, 20 points will be deducted for every 10% decrease; Salt damage tolerance test: Prepare a 0.8% double salt solution, that is, take 8 grams of salt mixture (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3=1:1:3), dissolve in 1 liter of water, irrigate once every 3 days, 500ml / pot each time, for 14 days. On the 15th day, calculate the ratio of leaf yellowing area = yellowing leaf area / total leaf area; Scoring rules: if the yellowing rate is less than 40%, 100 points will be awarded, and 25 points will be deducted for every 10% increase. Pollution safety factor test: Prepare contaminated soil by adding 100mg of cadmium to every kg of soil. This involves weighing 0.1g of CdCl2 powder and mixing it into the soil. Transplant seedlings and, 30 days later, take leaves and test for cadmium content. A laboratory is commissioned to perform the test using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicate that when the cadmium content is ≤20mg / kg, the pollution safety factor is 100, indicating that the cadmium pollution level in the environment or sample is within a safe range. When the cadmium content is >20mg / kg, the pollution safety factor is 0, indicating that the cadmium pollution has exceeded the safety threshold and presents a risk. Resistance index calculation: resistance index = (drought survival rate score + salt tolerance rate score + pollution safety factor) / 3; Diversity maintenance parameters: Functional evenness (FEve) calculation: Measure plant height, specific leaf area, and flowering period for all species in the community. Calculate the coefficient of variation (CV, standard deviation / mean) and mean (CVm) of each trait. Calculate functional evenness (FEve) using the formula: 1-CVm, where CVm represents the mean coefficient of variation of multiple data sets. Qualification requirement: FEve ≥ 0.7. Productivity parameters: Carbon sequestration potential assessment: Use a photosynthetic meter to measure the maximum net photosynthetic rate, with the light intensity set at 1500 μmol / m² / s and the CO2 concentration at 400 ppm. Then use the table to determine productivity, as shown in the following table: Table 2. Correspondence between photosynthetic rate and productivity

[0011] Comprehensive scoring decision: introduction priority = 0.3 × climate adaptability + 0.3 × resistance index + 0.2 × FEve + 0.2 × carbon sequestration potential; Evaluation results: score ≥80: large-scale introduction; 60-80: pilot planting (≤1 hectare); <60: eliminated; The parameter definitions and weight descriptions are shown in the following table: Table 3. Parameter definitions and weight descriptions

[0012] This formula constructs a three-dimensional evaluation system of "viability-ecological stability-carbon services": The survival dimension (climate adaptability + resistance index) ensures that the introduced species can “survive” in the target habitat; The ecological dimension (FEve) ensures that the original community structure is not destroyed after introduction; The service dimension (carbon sequestration potential) quantifies the “added value” of introduced species and promotes the integration of ecological benefits and human needs.

[0013] This model can avoid ecological risks (such as species invasion) or resource waste (such as death after introduction) caused by blind introduction of species, and provide a quantitative tool for sustainable ecological management.

[0014] A specific embodiment is introduced below for illustration: Climate zone positioning: average annual temperature 16.2-17.6°C → mid-subtropical (seasonal drought); Preliminary species: Paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera )、Tamarisk( Tamarix chinensis ); Trait quantification: Paper mulberry: WUE = 5.8 (> 5.0 to meet the standard), root depth = 2.8m; Tamarix chinensis: transpiration ΔT = 3.5°C (>3°C to meet the standard); Resistance experiment: Paper mulberry: Yellowing rate after 0.8% salt treatment = 35% (<40% meets the standard), Cd accumulation = 18 mg / kg (<20 mg / kg meets the standard); Diversity Assessment: After the introduction of paper mulberry, FEve = 0.75 (the existing species are Ligustrum lucidum / Cinnamomum camphora), and the trait overlap is <25%; Productivity Verification: A max =16.2μmol / m² / s→predicted annual biomass increment =4.3kg / m²; Decision: Comprehensive score = 82 → Introduce paper mulberry on a large scale.

[0015] Results: After three years of monitoring, the survival rate of the paper mulberry community was 91%, and the carbon sequestration capacity was 4.8 kg / m², which was 65% higher than the traditional method (pure camphor forest). The technical effects are compared as follows: Table 4. Comparison between the present invention and traditional empirical method

[0016] The advantages of the present invention compared with traditional technologies are as follows: Table 5. Technical advantages of the present invention

[0017] Practical verification: After adopting this method: plant screening time is shortened from 45 days to 10 days, the survival rate of introduced species is significantly improved, and the cost of green space construction per square meter is reduced by 55% (from 205 yuan to 92 yuan). Through clear formulas, quantitative thresholds, and standardized operating procedures, this invention transforms scientific research-level evaluation into a tool executable by front-line personnel, truly realizing a closed-loop operation chain of "obtaining indicators - conducting tests - calculating scores - determining plans."

[0018] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A green space plant introduction evaluation method based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation, characterized by: The steps include: The first step is to establish a three-level evaluation chain of "climate zones - functional traits - ecological services": Climate zone division: Divide into five climate zones based on average annual temperature / precipitation, and identify the core limiting factors of each region; Functional trait screening: Select measurable and strongly correlated functional traits; Quantification of ecological services: assessing diversity and productivity through functional evenness and photosynthetic rate; Step 2: Calculation and quantification of core parameters: Calculation of climate adaptability parameters; Calculation of composite resistance parameters; Calculation of diversity maintenance parameters; Calculation of productivity parameters; Step 3: Comprehensive scoring decision: introduction priority = 0.3 × climate adaptability + 0.3 × resistance index + 0.2 × FEve + 0.2 × carbon sequestration potential; Evaluation results: score ≥80: large-scale introduction; 60-80: pilot planting; <60: Eliminated.

2. The green space plant introduction evaluation method based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core parameter calculation and quantification methods are as follows: Climate adaptability parameters: Transpiration cooling capacity measurement: The test was conducted between 12:00 and 14:00 noon on a clear day in summer. Mature leaves at the top of the plants were selected and measured using an infrared thermometer. The normal leaf temperature (i.e., the leaf surface temperature in its natural state) and the non-transpiration leaf temperature (i.e., the temperature measured after applying vaseline to the stomata on both sides of the leaf) were measured. The difference was calculated as: ΔT = Tno-transpiration - Tnormal. Requirements: Tropical / Southern subtropical: ΔT ≥ 3°C, Temperate: ΔT ≤ 1°C; Calculation of water use efficiency: Net photosynthetic rate (μmol / m² / s) and stomatal conductance (mmol / m² / s) were measured using an LI-6400XT photosynthetic meter. The ratio of the two was calculated to obtain WUE = Pn / gs. Compliance requirements: Arid areas: WUE>5.0, other areas: WUE>3.0; Composite resistance parameters: Drought survival test: Prepare 10 potted seedlings, stop watering until the soil moisture content drops to 20%, maintain this moisture content for 15 days, record the number of surviving plants every day, and calculate the drought survival rate = number of surviving plants on the 15th day / 10 × 100%; Scoring rules: 100% survival rate → 100 points, 20 points will be deducted for every 10% decrease; Salt damage tolerance test: Prepare a 0.8% double salt solution, that is, take 8 grams of salt mixture (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3=1:1:3), dissolve in 1 liter of water, irrigate once every 3 days, 500ml / pot each time, for 14 days. On the 15th day, calculate the ratio of leaf yellowing area = yellowing leaf area / total leaf area; Scoring rules: if the yellowing rate is less than 40%, 100 points will be awarded, and 25 points will be deducted for every 10% increase. Pollution safety factor test: Prepare contaminated soil by adding 100mg of cadmium to every kg of soil. This involves weighing 0.1g of CdCl2 powder and mixing it into the soil. Transplant seedlings and, after 30 days, take leaves and test for cadmium content. The test results are as follows: When the cadmium content is ≤20mg / kg, the pollution safety factor is 100, indicating that the cadmium pollution level in the environment or sample is within a safe range. When the cadmium content is >20mg / kg, the pollution safety factor is 0, indicating that the cadmium pollution has exceeded the safety threshold and poses a risk. Resistance index calculation: resistance index = (drought survival rate score + salt tolerance rate score + pollution safety factor) / 3; Diversity maintenance parameters: Functional evenness calculation: Measure plant height, specific leaf area, and flowering period for all species in the community, calculate the coefficient of variation and mean of each trait, and calculate functional evenness using the formula = 1-CVm, where CVm represents the average coefficient of variation of multiple data sets. The compliance requirement is: FEve ≥ 0.7; Productivity parameters: Carbon sequestration potential assessment: Use a photosynthetic meter to measure the maximum net photosynthetic rate, with the light intensity set at 1500 μmol / m² / s and the CO2 concentration at 400 ppm, and then determine productivity based on a lookup table.

3. The green space plant introduction evaluation method based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature on the sunny summer day is >30°C.

4. The green space plant introduction evaluation method based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The 10 potted seedlings prepared during the drought survival rate test had a plant height of 20-30 cm, and their water content was monitored using a soil moisture meter.

5. The green space plant introduction evaluation method based on functional traits and climate zone differentiation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cadmium content in the pollution safety factor test is tested by entrusting a laboratory to use atomic absorption method.

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