Three-electrode laminated friction nanometer generator

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-electrode laminated friction nanometer generator, which comprises a power generation device, the power generation device comprises a sealing barrel, a bottom sealing plate, a top sealing plate, a fixed sheet, a vibrating sheet, a gasket, a PTFE film and a bolt, and the left and right ends of the sealing barrel are sealed by the bottom sealing plate and the top sealing plate respectively; the fixing pieces and the vibrating pieces are arranged in a stacked mode, the fixing pieces and the vibrating pieces are arranged in the sealing barrel at intervals through gaskets, and the fixing pieces, the vibrating pieces and the gaskets in the sealing barrel are fixedly installed in a limited mode through bolts. And a PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) film is arranged on one of the opposite surfaces of the fixed sheet and the vibrating sheet. According to the invention, an internal charge scheduling channel is formed by adopting a vertical contact and separation independent layer high-density laminated three-electrode mode and a regular alternate film coating mode, so that the inner electrodes (vibrating sheets) form variable potential, and high potential difference and output are formed between the adjacent outer electrodes (fixed sheets); the problem of low output caused by electrostatic shielding and low contact separation amplitude is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of triboelectric nanogenerators, and in particular relates to a three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator. Background Art

[0002] The innovation and fabrication of densely stacked triboelectric nanogenerator devices with high triboelectric surface density (TSD) is essential for the commercialization and industrialization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). TSD refers to the ratio of the friction layer area per unit volume to the overall volume of the TENG device. TSD reflects the strengths and weaknesses of the TENG structural design, including friction layer density, space utilization, overall output performance, and even fabrication cost. However, existing densely stacked devices generally suffer from low density, complex structures, low space utilization, and high fabrication costs. Consequently, existing densely stacked devices generally exhibit low TSD. As TSD increases, electrostatic shielding within the densely stacked layer becomes increasingly significant, and the friction layer separation contact amplitude within the confined space gradually decreases. This results in a lower potential difference between the electrodes and prevents free charge migration, resulting in low output performance. Furthermore, existing densely stacked devices all utilize a vertical contact-separation scheme, making them unsuitable for all energy harvesting scenarios, such as mechanical vibration energy.

[0003] Existing TENGs designed to meet the friction layer surface area density metric have the following shortcomings: 1. The friction layer surface area density (TSD) is low, meaning the friction layer is low-density and space utilization is low. 2. High-density stacked devices are complex. In addition to the essential friction layer and electrodes, conventional stacked devices often require numerous internal components, such as complex wires connecting the multiple electrodes, inertial masses for generating hysteresis, a supporting skeleton or electrode substrate, elastic elements for storing mechanical energy or separating the friction layer, and additional glue, tape, and mechanical fastening processes. These additional components increase the device's mass and average density, while increasing consumables and manufacturing steps. 3. High-density stacked devices suffer from inherent electrostatic shielding effects and low contact-separation motion amplitudes, resulting in low output performance. 4. The friction layer in high-density stacked devices operates in a single mode, making it unsuitable for energy harvesting in specific scenarios. 5. Conventional devices have yet to achieve efficient and stable arraying. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention invents a three-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator with alternating coatings.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A three-electrode stacked friction nanogenerator includes a power generation device, which includes a sealing barrel, a bottom sealing plate, a top sealing plate, a fixed plate, a vibrating plate, a gasket, a PTFE film and a latch. The left and right ends of the sealing barrel are sealed with the bottom sealing plate and the top sealing plate respectively; the fixed plate and the vibrating plate are stacked and arranged in the sealing barrel with a gasket at intervals. The fixed plate, vibrating plate and gasket in the sealing barrel are fixed and installed by a latch; a PTFE film is provided on one of the opposing surfaces between the fixed plate and the vibrating plate.

[0006] The present invention adopts a three-electrode mode of independent layers densely stacked with vertical contact separation and a regular alternating coating form to form an internal charge scheduling channel, so that the inner electrode (vibrating plate) forms a changing electric potential, so that a high potential difference and output are formed between adjacent outer electrodes (fixed plates), solving the low output problems caused by electrostatic shielding and low contact separation amplitude, and achieving a TSD of up to 2.76 cm-1.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes conductive pins. The fixed plates located at odd positions in the sealing barrel constitute the first electrode, and the fixed plates located at even positions constitute the second electrode; the vibrating plate constitutes the third electrode; the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode are respectively connected through independent conductive pins, and the conductive pins and the corresponding electrode plates form independent conduction channels for charge. Corresponding small holes and large-opening holes are provided on the electrode plates. The small-opening holes ensure that the corresponding electrode plates are in contact with the conductive pin walls to achieve charge conduction, and for electrode plates that do not require conduction, large-opening hole design is adopted to isolate them from the conductive pins to avoid conduction; the conductive pins are inserted into the sealing barrel from the bottom sealing plate, and the left end of the conductive pins extends out of the bottom sealing plate. The extended part is used to connect with adjacent power generation devices when the array is connected.

[0008] Furthermore, the PTFE film of the first electrode is arranged on the right side of the fixed plate, and the PTFE film of the second electrode is arranged on the left side of the fixed plate, forming three electrodes with alternating coatings; the PTFE film on the third electrode is arranged in two types, namely, no PTFE film is arranged on both sides and PTFE film is arranged on both sides. The PTFE film arrangement on the three electrodes follows the principle that a PTFE film is arranged on one of the opposite surfaces between the fixed plate and the vibrating plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a guide channel is provided on the fixed plate and the vibration plate. The guide channel is divided into a middle hole and triangularly distributed strip grooves. The guide channel can reduce the influence of the air pressure in the sealing barrel on the vibration plate, ensuring that the vibration plate vibrates flexibly.

[0010] Furthermore, the vibration plate includes an outer ring, an inner ring mover and a cantilever beam, and the inner ring mover is connected to the outer ring through the cantilever beam.

[0011] Furthermore, the cantilever beam is an arc-shaped connecting piece that is concentric with the inner ring mover. The concentric arc-shaped connecting piece makes the vibration amplitude of the inner ring mover more sensitive.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a conductive connecting device, which includes an insulating gasket, an electrode conductive sheet and a conductive sponge. The insulating gasket is arranged between the top sealing plate and its adjacent fixed sheet, and the electrode conductive sheet is arranged between the insulating gasket and the top sealing plate. The conductive ejector pin passes through the insulating gasket and is connected to the electrode conductive sheet. The conductive sponge is embedded in the top sealing plate and connected to the electrode conductive sheet. The conductive connecting device makes the charge conduction between two adjacent power generation devices smoother.

[0013] Furthermore, the electrode conductive sheet is an arc-shaped conductive sheet, the electrode conductive sheet is an independent conductive sheet, and each conductive ejector pin is equipped with an independent electrode conductive sheet.

[0014] Furthermore, the device also includes a rotating buckle mechanism, which allows the power generation devices to be assembled end-to-end in an array. This solves the complexity and difficulty of traditional device arraying. The rotating buckle mechanism enables devices to be flexibly assembled into an array in a modular manner similar to Lego blocks, providing technical support for large-scale deployment and integration.

[0015] Furthermore, the screw-on device includes a sleeve, an L-shaped slot and a clamping column. The sleeve is symmetrically provided with two pairs of L-shaped slots, and the sealing barrel is provided with a clamping column used in conjunction with the L-shaped slots.

[0016] The advantages of the present invention are: 1. It solves the low output problem caused by the inherent electrostatic shielding and low contact separation amplitude of independent layer vertical contact separation dense stacked devices. The integration of three-electrode technology and alternating film technology allows free electrons to shuttle between internal electrodes, achieving dynamic electrostatic balance and generating a changing electric potential, so that the external electrode pairs form a high potential difference. This design effectively reduces the inherent electrostatic shielding effect in high-density stacked layers, achieves high output, and realizes a TSD of up to 2.76 cm -1 ; 2. To address the problem of traditional steel sheet power generation units requiring additional spring auxiliary parts and counterweights to achieve good contact and separation efficiency between units, the vibrating plate replaces the traditional elastic auxiliary parts with elastic cantilever beams, and the traditional counterweights are replaced by the deadweight of the inner ring of the vibrating plate. All stator plates and vibrating plates serve as both friction layers and electrode layers, optimizing TENG material selection and utilization, rationalizing space layout, and achieving high space utilization and a minimalist and lightweight design. 3. Solve the problems of traditional densely stacked fixed plates and vibrating plates (generating units) being difficult, cumbersome, time-consuming, and requiring additional supporting parts. The generating units are quickly stacked and accumulated in the sealing barrel through latches, achieving dense stacking and stable fixation in a limited space. 4. Solve the traditional complex and cumbersome wiring method for conducting densely stacked devices. Use conductive pin contact conduction method to achieve fast, efficient and stable charge conduction between electrode layers, avoiding complex wire connections, mechanical fasteners, adhesives and welding, eliminating the risk of short circuits, and reducing the space occupied by traditional wiring, thereby improving the contact and separation efficiency of the stacked layers; 5. Solve the complex and difficult problems of arraying traditional power generation devices. Use a screw-on device to enable power generation devices to be flexibly assembled into arrays in a modular manner similar to Lego blocks, providing technical support for large-scale deployment and integration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a power generation device in a three-electrode stacked friction nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded perspective view of a power generation device in a three-electrode stacked friction nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of a vibrating plate in a three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of a fixing plate in a three-electrode stacked tribo-nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of three electrodes in a three-electrode stacked tribo-nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of four different electrode configurations of a three-electrode stacked tribo-nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a comparison diagram of the charges generated between the first electrode and the second electrode at four different electrode output ends of a three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a comparison diagram of the current generated between the first electrode and the second electrode at four different electrode output ends of a three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a comparison diagram of the voltages generated between the first electrode and the second electrode at four different electrode output ends of a three-electrode stacked friction nanogenerator of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by “left”, “right”, “bottom”, “top”, etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the directions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, and a specific direction structure and operation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a three-electrode stacked friction nanogenerator includes a power generation device, a conductive connection device and a screw-on device. The screw-on device is used to connect the power generation devices end to end to form an array-assembled friction nanogenerator, and the conductive connection device is used to achieve stable and efficient charge transmission between two adjacent power generation devices.

[0020] The power generation device includes a sealing barrel 1, a bottom sealing plate 2, a top sealing plate 3, a stator 4, a vibrating plate 5, a gasket 6, a PTFE film 7, a latch 8, and a conductive ejector pin 9. The left and right ends of the sealing barrel 1 are sealed with the bottom sealing plate 2 and the top sealing plate 3, respectively. The stator 4 and vibrating plate 5 are stacked. The vertical stacking arrangement can reduce the space required for the power generation device, allowing more stator 4 and vibrating plates 5 to be installed in the vertical space. The stator 4 and vibrating plate 5 are separated by a gasket 6 within the sealing barrel 1. The gasket 6 is made of an insulating material and has a thickness of 2.75 mm. The gasket 6 serves to separate the stator 4 and vibrating plate 5, providing a contact-separation space for the vibrating plate 5. The stator 4 and vibrating plate 5 are made of silicon-manganese spring steel sheets. The stator is 0.1 mm thick, and the vibrating plate 5 is 0.5 mm thick. The vibrating plate 5 includes an outer ring 51, an inner ring rotor 52, and a cantilever beam 53. The inner ring rotor 52 is connected to the outer ring 51 via the cantilever beam 53. The cantilever beam 53 is an arc-shaped connecting plate concentric with the inner ring rotor 52, and three cantilever beams 53 are arranged in an array around the inner ring rotor 52. The inner ring rotor 52 uses its own weight to replace the traditional counterweight block to achieve contact and separation of vibration, thereby optimizing the spatial layout. A guide channel is provided on the fixed plate 4 and the vibrating plate 5 to clear the air pressure difference generated when the vibrating plate 5 vibrates, making the vibrating plate 5 vibrate more flexibly. The fixed plate 4, vibrating plate 5, and gasket 6 in the sealing barrel 1 are fixed and installed by a latch 8. The two ends of the latch 8 are fixedly connected to the bottom sealing plate 2 and the top sealing plate 3 respectively. The use of the latch 8 can limit the movement of the fixed plate 4, vibrating plate 5, and gasket 6.

[0021] The fixing plates 4 at odd positions in the sealing barrel 1 constitute the first electrode, the fixing plates 4 at even positions constitute the second electrode, and the vibrating plates 5 constitute the third electrode, that is, the fixing plates 4 are connected at intervals to form two electrodes, and the vibrating plates 5 are independently connected to form an electrode. The first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode are respectively connected by independent conductive pins 9, that is, the electrodes formed by the fixing plates 4 or the vibrating plates 5 are connected by conductive pins 9, and the conductive pins 9 are used to channel the charges generated by each electrode. The specific connection method of the conductive pins 9 is to provide six holes arranged in an alternating manner and spaced 60° apart on the outer circumference of the fixing plates 4 and the vibrating plates 5, three of which are used for connecting the electrodes and are divided into small holes and large opening holes. One small hole is provided for connecting to the conductive pin 9 for electrical conduction, and the diameter of the conductive pin 9 is the same as the diameter of the small hole; the other two are large opening holes used to avoid the conductive pins 9 connected to the other electrodes; and the other three holes are used to fix the plug 8. The conductive ejector pin 9 is inserted into the sealing barrel 1 through the bottom sealing plate 2. The left end of the conductive ejector pin 9 extends out of the bottom sealing plate 2, and the extended portion serves as the lead-out end for the charge. The right end of the conductive ejector pin 9 is close to the top sealing plate 3. The use of the conductive ejector pin 9 realizes a design without buckles, wires, or adhesives between the electrodes, achieving conductivity between the same electrodes and isolation between different electrodes, simplifying the wiring process and saving costs.

[0022] A PTFE film 7 is provided on one of the opposing surfaces between the stator 4 and the vibrating plate 5. Specifically, the PTFE film 7 of the first electrode is provided on the right side of the stator 4, and the PTFE film 7 of the second electrode is provided on the left side of the stator 4. The PTFE film on the third electrode is divided into two types, based on the principle that the PTFE film is provided on one of the opposing surfaces between the stator 4 and the vibrating plate 5: a vibrating plate without PTFE film on both sides and a vibrating plate with PTFE film on both sides.

[0023] The conductive connection device comprises an insulating gasket 11, an electrode conductive sheet 12, and a conductive sponge 13. The insulating gasket 11, 0.5 mm thick, is positioned between the top sealing plate 3 and its adjacent fixing plate 4. It isolates the exposed metal surface of the last fixing plate 4 from contact with the top sealing plate 3. The electrode conductive sheet 12 is positioned between the insulating gasket 11 and the top sealing plate 3. The conductive ejector pins 9 pass through the insulating gasket 11 and connect to the electrode conductive sheet 12. The conductive sponge 13 is embedded within the top sealing plate 3 and connected to the electrode conductive sheet 12, enabling independent conduction of charge between the power generation devices along the conductive ejector pin-to-electrode conductive sheet-to-conductive sponge-to-conductive ejector pin path. By using the electrode conductive sheet 12 and conductive sponge 13, the conductive connection device avoids direct, hard contact between the conductive ejector pins 9 and the conductive sponge 13, which would hinder charge transfer, ensuring stable charge transfer between the power generation devices. The curved shape of the electrode conductive sheet 12 increases the contact area with the conductive ejector pins 9 and the conductive sponge 13, simplifying installation. The specific splicing method of the conductive connecting device is that the protruding part of the conductive pin 9 extending from the bottom of the second power generation device is inserted into the hole of the conductive sponge 13 reserved at the top of the first power generation device. The first power generation device is connected to the conductive pin 9 of the second power generation device through the conductive pin 9, the electrode conductive sheet 12 and the conductive sponge 13, thereby realizing parallel charge conduction.

[0024] The screw-on device includes a sleeve 14, an L-shaped slot 15, and a post 16. The sleeve 14 is symmetrically provided with two pairs of L-shaped slots 15, and the sealing barrel 1 is provided with a post 16 for use with the L-shaped slots 15. When splicing, the screw-on device is first placed on one power generating device, and then the extended portion of the conductive ejector pin 9 of the other power generating device is aligned with the conductive sponge 13 of the previous power generating device and inserted. The sleeve 14 is then rotated to lock the device, achieving electrical connection between the two power generating devices.

[0025] The alternating film-coated three-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator designed based on a charge scheduling strategy in this embodiment of the present invention significantly improves the power conversion efficiency and overall output performance of the power generation device by solving the electrostatic shielding and low potential difference problems of traditional densely stacked devices. The two-state short-circuit connection of the inner ring of the vibrating plate 5 is used as a charge scheduling channel to achieve dynamic potential balance. The inner electrode forms a variable electric field to the outside, which stimulates a high potential difference between the outer output electrode pair, achieving high output. Its output is more than six times that of traditional densely stacked models, with a peak power density of 136.74 W m −3. The dynamic balance of electric potential is specifically two coating methods of the vibration plate (one is full coating, and the other is no coating). When these two types of vibration plates are in contact with the fixed plate at the same time during the vibration process, two states with different electric potentials are formed, one is high potential and the other is low potential. The vibration plates in these two states are short-circuited (connected to the same electrode), and the charge will move from the high potential plate to the low potential plate driven by the potential difference. On the contrary, when separated from the fixed plate at the same time, the high and low potential states of the vibration plate are swapped, and the charge moves in the opposite direction. The alternating movement process of the charge is the dynamic alternating balance process of the electric potential (the balance process means the process from unbalanced to balanced, which is a dynamic alternating process), which is the charge scheduling channel. During the periodic contact and separation process, periodic alternating potential changes occur on the spaced vibration plates. This potential change acts on the external electrode pair, so that the external electrode pair has a higher potential difference, thereby having a higher output.

[0026] like Figure 7 As shown, in order to further verify the output difference between the present invention and the traditional model, four electrode setting structures of the traditional independent layer vertical contact separation structure are designed as shown in the figure: Structure 1 (vibrating plate fully covered with film, fixed plate not covered with film), Structure 2 (vibrating plate not covered with film, fixed plate fully covered with film), Structure 3 (cross-covered with film but no short circuit between the vibrating plates) and Structure 4 (cross-covered with film but short circuit between the vibrating plates). Figure 8-10 As shown, experiments show that the charge, current and voltage generated by structure 4 (this embodiment) at different frequencies with an amplitude of 70 mm are several times higher than those of structures 1, 2 and 3, that is, the power generation performance of structure 4 is superior to those of structures 1, 2 and 3.

[0027] Although the above describes and illustrates the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a power generation device, wherein the power generation device comprises a sealing barrel (1), a bottom sealing plate (2), a top sealing plate (3), a fixing plate (4), a vibrating plate (5), a gasket (6), a PTFE film (7) and a latch (8); the left and right ends of the sealing barrel (1) are sealed by the bottom sealing plate (2) and the top sealing plate (3); the fixing plate (4) and the vibrating plate (5) are stacked, the fixing plate (4) and the vibrating plate (5) are arranged in the sealing barrel (1) at intervals through the gasket (6); the fixing plate (4), the vibrating plate (5) and the gasket (6) in the sealing barrel (1) are fixed and installed by the latch (8); and a PTFE film (7) is provided on one of the opposite surfaces between the fixing plate (4) and the vibrating plate (5).

2. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a conductive ejector pin (9), wherein the fixing plates (4) located at odd positions in the sealing barrel (1) constitute a first electrode, and the fixing plates (4) located at even positions constitute a second electrode; the vibrating plate (5) constitutes a third electrode; the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode are respectively connected via independent conductive ejector pins (9); the conductive ejector pin (9) is inserted into the sealing barrel (1) from the bottom sealing plate (2), and the left end of the conductive ejector pin (9) extends out of the bottom sealing plate (2).

3. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The PTFE film (7) of the first electrode is arranged on the right side of the fixing plate (4), and the PTFE film (7) of the second electrode is arranged on the left side of the fixing plate (4).

4. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixed plate (4) and the vibrating plate (5) are provided with a flow guide channel (10).

5. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vibration plate (5) comprises an outer ring (51), an inner ring mover (52) and a cantilever beam (53), and the inner ring mover (52) is connected to the outer ring (51) via the cantilever beam (53).

6. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cantilever beam (53) is an arc-shaped connecting piece concentric with the inner ring mover (52).

7. A three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The conductive connecting device further comprises an insulating gasket (11), an electrode conductive sheet (12) and a conductive sponge (13), wherein the insulating gasket (11) is arranged between the top sealing plate (3) and the fixing sheet (4) adjacent thereto, and the electrode conductive sheet (12) is arranged between the insulating gasket (11) and the top sealing plate (3), the conductive ejector pin (9) passes through the insulating gasket (11) and is connected to the electrode conductive sheet (12), and the conductive sponge (13) is embedded in the top sealing plate (3) and is connected to the electrode conductive sheet (12).

8. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electrode conductive sheet (12) is an arc-shaped conductive sheet.

9. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a spin button device, and the power generation device is assembled in an end-to-end array through the spin button device.

10. The three-electrode stacked triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 9, characterized in that: The screw-on device comprises a sleeve (14), an L-shaped slot (15) and a clamping column (16); the sleeve (14) is symmetrically provided with two pairs of L-shaped slots (15); and the sealing barrel (1) is provided with a clamping column (16) used in conjunction with the L-shaped slots (15).

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