Liquid desiccant stack with integrated fluid dispenser

Abstract

The invention relates to a mass transfer assembly for a heating ventilation and cooling system. In some examples, a mass transfer apparatus includes a stack of plates defining alternating conditioning channels and discharge channels. The mass transfer apparatus also includes a fluid distribution system including a conditioning supply line defined in part by the first aperture in the upper portion of each plate, and a working supply line defined in part by the second aperture in the upper portion of each plate. An adjustment supply line supplies adjustment fluid to the adjustment passage, and a working supply line supplies working fluid to the discharge passage. The fluid distribution system also includes a conditioning return line that collects the conditioning fluid and a working return line that collects the working fluid, each collector being at a lower portion of each plate.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 477,054, filed on December 23, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to heating, ventilation, and cooling systems and, more particularly, to mass transfer assemblies for heating, ventilation, and cooling systems. Background Art

[0004] Heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) systems typically use a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle to cool ambient or room temperature air. HVAC systems may include a heat exchanger that operates to remove heat from a refrigerant. For example, a heat exchanger may include plates or coils through which the refrigerant flows. A fan may blow air across the plates or coils to cool the refrigerant flowing therein. Less commonly, the heat exchanger may include a liquid desiccant to dehumidify the air during the cooling process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In some examples, the mass transfer device includes a stack having a plurality of plates, wherein the stack defines alternating regulating channels and exhaust channels. The mass transfer device also includes a fluid distribution system suitable for distributing a regulating fluid to the regulating channels and distributing a working fluid to the exhaust channels. The fluid distribution system includes a regulating supply line defined in part by a first hole in an upper portion of each of the plurality of plates, and a working supply line defined in part by a second hole in an upper portion of each of the plurality of plates. The regulating supply line is suitable for supplying a regulating fluid to the regulating channel, and the working supply line is suitable for supplying a working fluid to the exhaust channels. The fluid distribution system further includes a regulating return line and a working return line, the regulating return line passing through a first hole in a lower portion of each of the plurality of plates and suitable for collecting the regulating fluid, the working return line passing through a second hole in a lower portion of each of the plurality of plates and suitable for collecting the working fluid. The fluid distribution system is suitable for preventing mixing of the regulating fluid and the exhaust fluid.

[0006] In some examples, the mass transfer apparatus includes a first plate and a second plate opposite the first plate. The mass transfer apparatus further includes a first manifold coupled to the first plate and the second plate. The first manifold includes a first inlet opening, a first outlet opening, and a first channel, wherein the first channel is adapted to receive a first fluid from the first inlet opening and to provide the first fluid to the first outlet opening. The mass transfer apparatus further includes a second manifold coupled to the first plate and the second plate. The second manifold includes a second inlet opening, a second outlet opening, and a second channel, wherein the second channel is adapted to receive a second fluid from the second inlet opening and to provide the second fluid to the second outlet opening.

[0007] In some examples, a method for distributing fluid within a mass transfer device includes receiving a conditioning fluid within a conditioning supply line. The method also includes providing a conditioning fluid from the conditioning supply line to a conditioning channel defining a stack of alternating conditioning channels and exhaust channels. Additionally, the method includes receiving a working fluid within a working supply line. The method also includes providing a working fluid from the working supply line to an exhaust channel. The method also includes providing a conditioning fluid from the conditioning channel to a first wicking material. The method also includes collecting at least a portion of the conditioning fluid from the first wicking material within a conditioning return line. Additionally, the method includes providing a working fluid from the exhaust channel to a second wicking material. The method also includes collecting at least a portion of the working fluid from the second wicking material within a working return line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The following drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure and therefore do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. The drawings are not drawn to scale and are intended to be used in conjunction with the explanations in the following detailed description.

[0009] Figure 1A shows a mass transfer apparatus according to one embodiment;

[0010] Figure 1B According to one embodiment, Figure 1A parts of mass transfer equipment;

[0011] Figure 1C According to one embodiment, Figure 1A parts of mass transfer equipment;

[0012] Figure 2A shows a portion of a header assembly for a mass transfer apparatus according to one embodiment;

[0013] Figure 2B According to one embodiment, Figure 2A a header assembly of the header;

[0014] Figure 3Ashows a portion of a header assembly for a mass transfer apparatus according to one embodiment;

[0015] Figure 3B According to one embodiment, Figure 3A a header assembly of the header;

[0016] Figure 3C According to one embodiment, Figure 3A a side view of a portion of a header assembly;

[0017] Figure 4A shows a portion of a header assembly for a mass transfer apparatus according to one embodiment;

[0018] Figure 4B According to one embodiment, Figure 4A a header assembly of the header;

[0019] FIG. 4C shows a diagram according to an embodiment Figure 4B A more detailed view of a heat exchanger having multiple manifolds;

[0020] Figure 5A A plate for a mass transfer device according to one embodiment is shown;

[0021] Figure 5B According to one embodiment, Figure 5A Further views of the mass transfer apparatus;

[0022] Figure 5C According to one embodiment, Figure 5A Further views of the mass transfer apparatus;

[0023] Figure 5D According to one embodiment, Figure 5A Further views of the mass transfer apparatus;

[0024] Figure 5E According to one embodiment, Figure 5A Further views of the mass transfer apparatus;

[0025] Figure 6 A flow chart illustrating an example method of distributing fluid within a mass transfer device according to one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 7A According to one embodiment, Figure 1A parts of mass transfer equipment;

[0027] Figure 7B According to one embodiment, Figure 1A parts of mass transfer equipment;

[0028] Figure 8A According to one embodiment, Figure 1A parts of mass transfer equipment;

[0029] Figure 8B According to one embodiment, Figure 1A parts of mass transfer equipment;

[0030] Figure 9A shows a mass transfer apparatus according to one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 9B According to one embodiment, Figure 9A part of a mass transfer device; and

[0032] Figure 9C According to one embodiment, Figure 9A Part of a mass transfer device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following discussion omits or only briefly describes conventional features of heat exchangers and mass exchangers that would be apparent to one skilled in the art. It is noted that various embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts and components throughout the several views. Reference to various embodiments does not limit the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, any examples set forth in this specification are non-limiting and merely illustrate some of the many possible embodiments of the appended claims. Furthermore, specific features described herein may be used in combination with other described features in each of the various possible combinations and permutations.

[0034] Unless otherwise expressly defined herein, all terms are to be given their broadest reasonable interpretations, including the meanings implied in the specification and the meanings understood by those skilled in the art and / or the meanings defined in dictionaries, treatises, etc. It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless otherwise stated, and the terms "including" and / or "comprising", when used in this specification, specify the presence of the features, elements, and / or parts, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or combinations thereof. In the specification, relative terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "up", "down", "top", and "bottom" and their derivatives (e.g., "horizontally", "downward", "upwardly", etc.) should be interpreted as referring to the directions shown in the drawings described subsequently or in the discussion. These relative terms are for ease of description and are not generally intended to require a specific orientation. Terms including "above" versus "below," "inwardly" versus "outwardly," "longitudinal" versus "lateral," and the like should be interpreted as relative to one another or to an axis of elongation or an axis of rotation or a center of rotation, as appropriate. Terms relating to attachment, coupling, and the like, such as "connected" and "interconnected," refer to a relationship wherein structures are affixed or attached to one another, directly or indirectly, through intermediate structures, and whether such attachments or relationships are removable or rigid, unless expressly described otherwise. Terms such as "operably coupled," "operably connected," and the like refer to attachments, couplings, or connections that permit the associated structures to operate as intended according to such relationship.

[0035] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to heating, ventilation and cooling (HVAC) systems, and more specifically, to mass transfer assemblies that facilitate the distribution of multiple fluids to dehumidify and transfer heat of a fluid (such as air). The multiple fluids can include, for example, a conditioning fluid (e.g., a liquid desiccant, water) and a working fluid (e.g., water, a refrigerant, a liquid desiccant, etc.). In addition, the mass transfer assembly can provide a dehumidification phase and an indirect evaporative cooling phase to condition the air. For example, the mass transfer assembly can include two fluid distribution systems, a first fluid distribution system configured to distribute the conditioning fluid, and a second fluid distribution system configured to distribute the working fluid. The first and second fluid distribution systems can include a stack of plates configured to provide alternating channels for distributing the conditioning fluid and the working fluid. In addition, the mass transfer assembly can include a barrier that guides and restricts airflow so as to keep the conditioning channel and the exhaust channel separate. In some examples, the first fluid distribution system provides a conditioning fluid (e.g., a liquid desiccant) to a wicking material to dehumidify the air as it passes through the conditioning channel. In addition, the second fluid distribution system can provide a working fluid (e.g., water) to the wicking material along the exhaust channel to provide indirect evaporative cooling of the supply air. In some cases, a first fan may provide air flow to the air supply channel and a second fan may provide exhaust flow to the exhaust channel.

[0036] With reference to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1A An example mass transfer device 100 is shown that provides a dehumidification stage 197 and an indirect evaporative cooling stage 199. For example, the mass transfer device 100 can be used in an air conditioner, a regenerator, or any other suitable system requiring heat transfer. In one or more examples, the mass transfer device 100 provides a fluid distribution system that is adapted to distribute a conditioning fluid (e.g., a liquid desiccant) to a conditioning channel and a working fluid (e.g., water) to an exhaust channel, wherein the flows of the conditioning fluid and the working fluid both participate in transferring heat from an air supply.

[0037] The mass transfer device 100 may include a stack comprising a plurality of plates defining alternating conditioning channels and exhaust channels. As shown herein, the mass transfer device 100 includes a first plate 102 and a second plate 104. Although only two plates are shown for simplicity, the stack may include a plurality of first plates 102 and second plates 104, wherein the first plates 102 and second plates 104 alternate. Each first plate 102 includes a first side 102A and a second side 102B, and each second plate 104 includes a first side 104A and a second side 104B. The first side 102A of the first plate 102 and the second side 104B of the second plate 104 may define a conditioning channel 180 for an air supply flow (e.g., outside air, mixed air, process flow, etc.). In addition, the first side 104A of the second plate 104 and the second side 102B of another first plate 102 may define an exhaust channel 190 for an exhaust flow. As such, the stack may include a plurality of alternating first and second plates 102 , 104 defining alternating conditioning channels 180 and exhaust channels 190 for a cross-flow configuration.

[0038] The first plate 102 can include a wicking material 175 (e.g., a conditioning fluid wick) extending longitudinally along at least a portion of the first side 104A (e.g., 40% to 70% of the first side 104A). As described herein, a conditioning fluid (such as a liquid desiccant) can be provided to the wicking material 175 to dehumidify the air supply traveling through the conditioning channel 180. The second plate 104 can also include a wicking material 175 along a portion of the second side 104B. In some examples, the dimensions (e.g., length and width) of the wicking material 175 along the first side 102A of the first plate 102 match (e.g., are the same or substantially the same) the dimensions of the wicking material 175 along the second side 104B of the second plate 104. In some examples, the wicking material 175 is secured to the first side 102A of the first plate 102, and another wicking material 175 is secured to the second side 104B of the second plate 104. For example, an adhesive can be used to secure the wicking material 175 to the first side 102A of the first panel 102, and another wicking material 175 to the second side 104B of the second panel 104. Additionally, each side of each panel can include a spacer 152 (e.g., a spacer limiter) that can keep one panel apart from the other to allow fluid to flow through the corresponding channels. For example, the spacer 152 on the first side 102A of the first panel 102 keeps the first panel 102 apart from the second side 104B of the second panel 104.

[0039] Furthermore, in some examples, the second plate 104 can include a wicking material 176 (e.g., a working fluid wick) extending longitudinally along the first side 104A. As described herein, a working fluid (e.g., water) can be provided to the wicking material 176 to provide an indirect evaporative cooling stage to the conditioning channel. For example, as exhaust travels through the exhaust channel 190, water evaporates from the wicking material 176, thereby cooling the plate 104 and indirectly cooling the air supply stream flowing through the conditioning channel 180.

[0040] To facilitate the distribution of the conditioning fluid and the working fluid, the mass transfer device 100 includes conditioning fluid distribution headers 106, 107, 108, working fluid distribution headers 110, 112, 120, conditioning fluid collectors 140, 142, 150, and working fluid collectors 136, 137, 138. The distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 are positioned so that the corresponding openings are aligned and attached so that a watertight seal is established around each opening. For example, the conditioning fluid distribution header 106 can be positioned along the top portion of the second side 102B of the first plate 102, and the working fluid distribution header 110 can be positioned along the top portion of the first side 102A of the first plate 102. For example, the distribution headers 106, 110 can be attached (e.g., glued, bonded, welded) to the corresponding sides of the first plate 102 to secure them in place. Similarly, the working fluid distribution manifold 120 can be positioned and glued along the top portion of the second side 104B of the second plate 104, and the regulating fluid distribution manifold 107 can be positioned and glued along the top portion of the first side 104A of the second plate 104. In addition, the working fluid distribution manifold 112 can be positioned between the working fluid distribution manifold 110 and the working fluid distribution manifold 120 and glued thereto. The regulating fluid distribution manifold 108 can be positioned along the regulating fluid distribution manifold 107 and glued thereto. Another regulating fluid distribution manifold 106 can be positioned along the regulating fluid distribution manifold 108, so that the regulating fluid distribution manifold 108 is positioned between the regulating distribution manifold 107 and the other regulating fluid distribution manifold 106. As described below with respect to Figure 7A and Figure 8A As discussed, the tabs and notches of adjacent distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 may be aligned.

[0041] The openings of the regulating fluid distribution manifolds 106, 107, 108 and the working fluid distribution manifolds 110, 112, 120 are aligned to define fluid distribution channels for distributing fluids, such as a fluid distribution channel for regulating fluid and another fluid distribution channel for working fluid. As shown, each regulating fluid distribution manifold 106, 107, 108 and working fluid distribution manifold 110, 112, 120 includes various openings. For example, regulating fluid distribution manifold 106 includes three openings 106A, 106B, 106C, working fluid distribution manifold 110 includes three openings 110A, 110B, 110C, and working fluid distribution manifold 112 includes three openings 112A, 112B, 112C. In addition, the working fluid distribution manifold 120 includes three openings 120A, 120B, 120C, the regulating fluid distribution manifold 107 includes three openings 107A, 107B, 107C, and the regulating fluid distribution manifold 108 includes three openings 108A, 108B, 108C. Although the regulating fluid distribution manifolds 106, 107, 108 and the working fluid distribution manifolds 110, 112, 120 are each illustrated as having these three openings, in some examples, the regulating fluid distribution manifolds 106, 107, 108 and the working fluid distribution manifolds 110, 112, 120 may include more or fewer than these three openings.

[0042] In some examples, a first set of corresponding openings 106A, 107A, 108A, 110A, 110A, 112A, and 120A provide for the flow of a working fluid, and a second set of corresponding openings 106C, 107C, 108C, 110C, 112C, and 120C provide for the flow of a conditioning fluid. For example, as indicated by arrows 165, the corresponding openings 106C, 107C, 108C, 110C, 112C, and 120C of the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 can define a conditioning supply line through which the conditioning fluid is provided. For example, the conditioning fluid may travel through openings 108C of the conditioning fluid distribution manifold 108, then through openings 107C (e.g., conditioning supply openings) of the conditioning fluid distribution manifold 107, through openings 105 of the second plate 104, and through openings 120C of the working fluid distribution center 120. The conditioning fluid may continue and travel through openings 112C of the working fluid distribution manifold 112, then through openings 110C of the working fluid distribution manifold 110, through openings 103 of the first plate 102, and through openings 106C of the conditioning fluid distribution manifold 106.

[0043] Furthermore, when the conditioning fluid enters the corresponding openings 108C of the conditioning fluid distribution header 108, the fluid may also travel along the channel 108D and enter one or more distribution channels 107D of the conditioning fluid distribution header 107. Furthermore, the one or more distribution channels 107D may provide the conditioning fluid to the corresponding openings 104E of the second plate 104 and onto the wicking material 175. Similarly, the conditioning fluid may flow through the one or more distribution channels 106D of the conditioning fluid distribution header 106, through the corresponding openings 102E of the first plate 102, and onto the wicking material 175. For example, Figure 7A This flow of conditioning fluid through the mass transfer device 100 is shown as indicated by the arrows. Figure 7B Another view of the working fluid distribution headers 112 , 120 is shown. Figure 7B Also shown is the alignment of the notches 702 of the working fluid distribution manifolds 112 and 120 with the tabs 720 of the working fluid distribution manifolds 112 and 120 and the tabs and notches of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 107 as shown in phantom lines.

[0044] Return Reference Figure 1A , a second set of corresponding openings 106A, 107A, 108A, 110A, 112A, and 120A provide for the flow of a working fluid (e.g., water). For example, as indicated by arrows 169, the corresponding openings 106A, 107A, 108A, 110A, 112A, and 120A of the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, and 120 can define a working supply line through which the working fluid is provided. For example, the working fluid can travel through openings 108A of the regulating fluid distribution header 108, then through openings 107A (e.g., regulating supply openings) of the regulating fluid distribution header 107, through openings 105 of the second plate 104, and through openings 120A of the working fluid distribution center 120. The working fluid may continue to travel through the openings 112A of the working fluid distribution manifold 112 , then through the openings 110A of the working fluid distribution manifold 110 , through the openings 103 of the first plate 102 , and through the openings 106A of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 106 .

[0045] Furthermore, when the working fluid enters the corresponding openings 112A of the working fluid distribution header 112, the fluid may also travel along the channels 112D and enter one or more distribution channels 110D of the working fluid distribution header 110. Furthermore, the one or more distribution channels 110D may provide the fluid to the corresponding openings 102D of the first plate 102 and onto the wicking material 176. Similarly, when the working fluid enters the corresponding openings 112A of the working fluid distribution header 112, the working fluid may also flow into one or more distribution channels 120D of the working fluid distribution header 120. Furthermore, the one or more distribution channels 120D may provide the working fluid to the corresponding openings 104D of the second plate 104 and onto the corresponding wicking material 176.

[0046] Similarly, a third set of corresponding openings 106B, 107B, 108B, 110B, 112B, and 120B provide another flow of a working fluid, such as water. For example, as indicated by arrows 167, the corresponding openings 106B, 107B, 108B, 110B, 112B, and 120B of the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, and 120 may define a working supply line through which the working fluid is provided.

[0047] For example, Figure 8A Such flow of the working fluid through the mass transfer device 100 is shown, wherein the working fluid flows through two working fluid distribution channels, as indicated by the arrows. Figure 8B Another view of the working fluid distribution channel is shown. Figure 8B The alignment of the tabs and notches regulating fluid distribution headers 107 and 108 is also shown.

[0048] Return Reference Figure 1A , the working fluid distribution manifold 110 includes a barrier 171 that restricts airflow into the conditioning channel 180. Instead, the airflow travels as indicated by the arrows in the conditioning channel 180. Similarly, the second plate 104 includes a barrier 173 that restricts flow out of the exhaust channel 190, forcing the flow to travel as indicated by the arrows in the exhaust channel 190.

[0049] Similarly, collectors 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 150 are positioned so that the corresponding openings are aligned. Collectors 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 150 can receive fluid flowing downward through the corresponding wicking materials 175, 176 and provide return lines for the corresponding fluids. For example, collector 138 can be positioned above collector 137 so that the corresponding openings 138A, 137A are aligned. For example, one side of collector 138 can be glued to one side of collector 137. In addition, the group of collectors 137, 138 can be positioned along the bottom portion of the wicking material 176. In this example, a plurality of spacers 133 are positioned along the edge (e.g., the trailing edge) of the second plate 104 along the first side 104A. A plurality of spacers 133 can provide stability between the second plate 104 and the first plate 102 (e.g., when positioned between the first side 104A of the second plate 104 and the second side 102B of the first plate 102). When assembled, the set of working fluid collectors 137, 138 can receive working fluid from the wicking material 176. For example, the distribution channel 120D can provide working fluid to the wicking material 176. The working fluid travels downward through the wicking material 176 and falls onto the inclined surfaces 137B, 138B of the working fluid collectors 137, 138, respectively. The inclined surfaces 137B, 138B can be inclined at any suitable angle, such as at an angle in the range of 5 to 35 degrees. The working fluid travels along the inclined surfaces 137B, 138B until it reaches the openings 137A, 138A. The openings 137B, 138B of the inclined surfaces 137B, 138B, together with the corresponding openings in the collectors 150, 142, 140, and 136, form a working fluid return line for the working fluid received from the wicking material 176. Similarly, the distribution channels 110D of the working fluid distribution manifold 106 can provide working fluid to the wicking material 176 on the second side 102B of the first plate 102. In addition, the working fluid collector 136 can receive working fluid from the wicking material 176 and can provide working fluid to the working fluid return line.

[0050] For example, as shown by the arrow, Figure 8A The working fluid is shown traveling through the wicking material 176 and falling onto the inclined surfaces 137B, 138B of the working fluid collectors 137, 138, respectively. The inclined surfaces 137B, 138B guide the working fluid to the corresponding openings 137A, 138A, and the working fluid travels out of the opening 138A of the collector 138. In addition, Figure 8B The alignment of the notches 802 of the distribution headers 108 and 107 with the tabs 820 of the distribution headers 108 and 107 is shown.

[0051] Return Reference Figure 1A, the inclined surfaces 140B, 142B of the conditioning fluid collectors 140, 142 respectively receive the conditioning fluid from the wicking material 175. For example, the conditioning fluid can travel from the distribution channels 106D, 107D through the wicking material 175 and onto the inclined surfaces 140B, 142B of the conditioning fluid collectors 140, 142. The inclined surfaces 140B, 142B can be inclined at any suitable angle, such as an angle in the range of 5 degrees to 35 degrees. The conditioning fluid travels along the inclined surfaces 140B, 142B until it reaches the openings 140A, 142A. The openings 140A, 142A of the inclined surfaces 140B, 142B, together with the corresponding openings in the collectors 136, 137, 138 and 150, form a conditioning fluid return line for receiving the conditioning fluid from the wicking material 175. Similarly, the inclined surface of conditioning fluid collector 150, along with the inclined surface 142B of collector 142, can receive conditioning fluid from the wicking material 175 on the second side 104B of the second plate 104. The conditioning fluid can flow downward along the inclined surfaces until it reaches the conditioning fluid return line defined by the corresponding openings of collectors 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, and 150.

[0052] For example, as shown by the arrow, Figure 7A Conditioning fluid is shown traveling through wicking material 175 and falling onto inclined surfaces 140B, 142B of collectors 140, 142, respectively. Inclined surfaces 140B, 142B direct the conditioning fluid to respective openings 140A, 142A, and working fluid travels out respective openings 136A of working fluid collector 136.

[0053] In some examples, the conditioning fluid is provided from the conditioning distribution reservoir to the conditioning supply line. For example, the conditioning distribution reservoir may extend longitudinally away from the conditioning supply line. In some examples, the conditioning return line provides collected conditioning fluid to the conditioning collection reservoir. For example, the conditioning collection reservoir may extend longitudinally away from the conditioning return line. In some examples, the conditioning distribution reservoir and the conditioning collection reservoir are on the same side of at least one plate, such as the first side 104A of the second plate 104. In some examples, the conditioning distribution reservoir and the conditioning collection reservoir are on opposite sides of at least one plate.

[0054] In some examples, the working fluid is provided from the working distribution reservoir to the working supply line. For example, the working distribution reservoir may extend longitudinally away from the working supply line. In some examples, the working return line provides the collected working fluid to the working collection reservoir. For example, the working collection reservoir may extend longitudinally away from the working return line. In some examples, the working distribution reservoir and the working collection reservoir are on the same side of at least one plate, such as the second side 102B of the first plate 102. In some examples, the working distribution reservoir and the working collection reservoir are on opposite sides of at least one plate.

[0055] In some examples, the plates 102, 104, the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120, and the collectors 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 150 are made of metal, such as aluminum. In some examples, the plates 102, 104, the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120, and the collectors 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 150 are made of any other suitable material.

[0056] Figure 1B Shown Figure 1A FIG2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the mass transfer device 100. As shown, the barrier 173 prevents (e.g., blocks) the air flow from exiting the exhaust channel 190, forcing the exhaust flow to travel as indicated by the arrows in the exhaust channel 190. Additionally, the spacer 152 separates the first plate 102 from the second plate 104. Thus, for example, the spacer 152 can help prevent the first plate 102 from colliding with the second plate 104 under pressure (e.g., air pressure). The spacer 152 can be made of any suitable material, including metal (e.g., aluminum), rubber, plastic, or any other suitable material.

[0057] Figure 1C Shown Figure 1A FIG1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of mass transfer device 100. Working fluid distribution manifold 108 includes channel 108D, which can provide working fluid, such as water, to distribution channel 107D of conditioning fluid distribution manifold 107. Distribution channel 107D provides working fluid to wicking material 176. Further shown is opening 108B of distribution manifold 108, which is part of a conditioning fluid supply line to mass transfer device 100.

[0058] Figure 2ADistribution manifold assembly 200 is shown, comprising distribution manifold 202, first side support 204A, and second side support 204B. Distribution manifold 202 includes opening 206, which may, for example, define a portion of a fluid supply line (e.g., a working fluid supply line). Furthermore, distribution manifold 202 includes first groove 209 and second groove 211. Each of first groove 209 and second groove 211 may be a recessed portion of distribution manifold 202. Furthermore, distribution manifold 202 includes opening 208B, which may provide a fluid, such as a regulating fluid, to channel 208A. Channel 208A may provide fluid to first groove 209. Similarly, opening 210B may provide a fluid, such as a regulating fluid, to channel 210A. Channel 210A may provide fluid to second groove 211.

[0059] In some examples, the distribution header assembly 200 includes a wicking material 176. The wicking material 176 can include portions within the first groove 209 and the second groove 211. Thus, the channels 208A, 210A can provide a fluid, such as a conditioning fluid, to the portions of the wicking material 176 within the first groove 209 and the second groove 211.

[0060] Figure 2B Shown Figure 2A In some examples, the wicking material 176 is located on the channels 208A, 210A. When the fluid flows through the channels 208A, 210A, the fluid is absorbed by the wicking material 176.

[0061] Figure 3ADistribution manifold assembly 300 is shown, comprising distribution manifold 302, first side support 304A, and second side support 304B. Distribution manifold 302 includes opening 306, which may, for example, define a portion of a fluid supply line (e.g., a working fluid supply line). Furthermore, distribution manifold 302 includes first groove 309 and second groove 311. Each of first groove 309 and second groove 311 may be a recessed portion of distribution manifold 302. Furthermore, distribution manifold 302 includes opening 308B, which may provide fluid, such as a regulating fluid, to corresponding channels 308A. Channel 308A may provide fluid to distribution channels 312A, 312B, 312C, and 312D. Channel 308A and distribution channels 312A, 312B, 312C, and 312D may provide fluid to first groove 309. Similarly, opening 310B may provide fluid, such as a regulating fluid, to corresponding channels 310A. Channel 310A can provide fluid to distribution channels 313A, 313B, 313C, and 313D. Channel 310A and distribution channels 313A, 313B, 313C, and 313D can provide fluid to second groove 311. In addition, recessed channel 317 allows for placement of a sealant, such as an O-ring or a dispensable sealant. The sealant prevents fluid from escaping outside of first groove 309 and second groove 311.

[0062] In some examples, the distribution header assembly 300 includes a wicking material 176. The wicking material 176 can include portions located within the first groove 309 and the second groove 311. Thus, the channels 308A, 310A and their corresponding distribution channels 311A, 311B, 311C, 313A, 313B, 313C, 313D can provide a fluid, such as a conditioning fluid, to the portions of the wicking material 176 located within the first groove 309 and the second groove 311.

[0063] Figure 3B Shown Figure 3A In some examples, the wicking material 176 is positioned over the channels 308A, 310A and the corresponding distribution channels 311A, 311B, 311C, 313D, 313A, 313B, 313C, 313D such that as fluid flows through the channels 308A, 310A and the distribution channels 311A, 311B, 311C, 311D, 313A, 313B, 313C, 313D, the fluid is absorbed by the wicking material 176. Figure 3C Shown Figure 3AFIG2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the distribution manifold assembly 300. As shown, on the first side 301 of the distribution manifold 302, channels 308A provide fluid to distribution channels 312B. Wicking material 176 is located on channels 308A and distribution channels 312B and draws fluid from channels 308A and distribution channels 312B. Similarly, on the second side 303 of the distribution manifold 302, channels (not shown) provide fluid to distribution channels 328B. Wicking material 176 is located on channels and distribution channels 328B and draws fluid from channels and distribution channels 328B.

[0064] Figure 4A and Figure 4B Distribution manifold 400 is shown including opening 406, which can, for example, define a portion of a fluid supply line, such as a working fluid supply line. Furthermore, distribution manifold 400 includes first groove 409 and second groove 311. Each of first groove 409 and second groove 411 can be a recessed portion of distribution manifold 400. Furthermore, distribution manifold 400 includes opening 408B, which can provide fluid, such as a regulating fluid, to a corresponding channel 408A. Channel 408A can provide fluid to first groove 409. Similarly, opening 410B can provide fluid, such as a regulating fluid, to a corresponding channel 310A. Channel 310A can provide fluid to second groove 411.

[0065] In some examples, the distribution manifold 400 includes wicking material 176. The wicking material 176 can include portions located within the first groove 409 and the second groove 411. Thus, the channels 408A and 410A can provide fluid, such as a conditioning fluid, to the portions of the wicking material 176 located within the first groove 409 and the second groove 411. Furthermore, the recessed channel 412 allows for the placement of a sealant, such as an O-ring or a dispensable sealant. The sealant prevents fluid from escaping outside of the first groove 409 and the second groove 411.

[0066] Figure 5A 、 Figure 5B 、 Figure 5C 、 Figure 5D and Figure 5E Portions of a molded (e.g., embossed or thermoformed) mass transfer device 500 are shown. The mass transfer device 500 may also be referred to as an evaporative cooler. Figure 5AAs shown, mass transfer apparatus 500 includes a manifold 503, leg 504, a first plate 515, and a second plate 516. First plate 515 can be attached to second plate 516 so that a seal is formed around the intersection of first plate 515 and second plate 516. For example, first plate 515 can be glued, bonded, or welded to second plate 516. Similarly, manifold 503 and leg 504 can be attached to first plate 515 and second plate 516. For example, manifold 503 and leg 504 can be glued, bonded, or welded to first plate 515 and second plate 516. Manifold 503 includes at least one opening 505, and second manifold includes at least one opening 535. Openings 505, 535 can provide fluid pathways for fluids, such as providing an inlet and an outlet, respectively, for a working fluid. As described herein, manifold 503 and leg 504 facilitate fluid flow.

[0067] The mass transfer device 500 also includes a support (e.g., a variable spacing limiter) 552 to provide spacing for a fluid flow 517 between the first plate 515 and the second plate 516 of the mass transfer device 500. The fluid flow 517 can be, for example, an air supply flow (e.g., a mixed air flow). For example, the first plate 515 and the second plate 516 can form an internal channel that allows the fluid flow 517. In addition, the first plate 515 defines one side of the channel that allows the fluid flow 590. In some examples, the fluid flow 590 can be an exhaust flow of an exhaust stream. For example, two mass transfer devices 500 can be positioned adjacent to each other to define an exhaust channel for the fluid flow 590. The first plate 515 of the first mass transfer device 500 and the second plate 516 of the second mass transfer device 500 can form an exhaust channel for the fluid flow 590. As shown, the fluid flow 590 can travel longitudinally along the first plate 515 before being directed upward and exiting the mass transfer device 500. The mass transfer device 500 further includes wicking materials 575 , 576 that allow for indirect evaporative cooling of the fluid flow 517 or direct evaporative cooling of the flow 590 .

[0068] Figure 5B An enlarged view of mass transfer device 500 is shown. End cap 512 allows for receiving fluid for distribution within manifold 503. For example, Figure 5CAs shown, end cap 512 and conduits 513A, 513B allow for the flow of a fluid 523, such as a working fluid, within mass transfer device 500. Fluid flow 523 can enter from the side of second plate 516 through opening 505 and enter conduits 513A, 513B defined by manifold 503 through corresponding openings 572A, 572B. In addition, fluid flow 523 can flow into end cap 512, wherein end cap 512 includes opening 573 that allows the fluid to travel to wicking material 576 (e.g., wicking material of another mass transfer device 500).

[0069] Similarly, if Figure 5D As shown, the leg 504 includes an end cap 532 that allows fluid to flow within the leg 504. Figure 5E As shown, fluid flow 550 may enter cavity 545 adjacent end cap 532 and travel through conduit 505 defined by leg 504 and out opening 537 .

[0070] Figure 6 6 is a flow chart of a method 600 for distributing a fluid within a mass transfer device, such as the mass transfer device 100. Beginning at step 602, a conditioning fluid is received within a conditioning supply line. For example, the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 of the mass transfer device 100 can define a conditioning supply line through which the conditioning fluid is provided. At step 604, the conditioning fluid is provided from the conditioning supply line to a stack of conditioning channels defining alternating conditioning channels and exhaust channels. For example, a plurality of alternating first and second plates 102, 104 of the mass transfer device can define alternating conditioning channels and exhaust channels, wherein the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 facilitate distribution of the conditioning fluid from the conditioning supply line to the conditioning channels.

[0071] Furthermore, at step 606, a working fluid is received within a working supply line. For example, the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 of the mass transfer device 100 may also define a working supply line through which the working fluid is provided. At step 608, the working fluid is provided from the working supply line to a drain channel. For example, the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 of the mass transfer device 100 may facilitate distribution of the working fluid from the working supply line to the drain channel.

[0072] Proceeding to step 610, a conditioning fluid is provided from the conditioning channel to the wicking material. For example, as described herein, the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 of the mass transfer device 100 can provide the conditioning fluid to the wicking material 175 within the conditioning channel. At step 612, a conditioning return line collects at least a portion of the conditioning fluid from the conditioning channel. For example, the collectors 140, 142, 150 can receive fluid flowing through the respective wicking materials 175, wherein the collected conditioning fluid is provided to an opening in the collectors 140, 142, 150 defining the conditioning return line.

[0073] Furthermore, at step 614, a working fluid is provided from the exhaust passage to the wicking material. For example, as described herein, the distribution headers 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 120 of the mass transfer device 100 can provide the working fluid to the wicking material 176 within the exhaust passage. At step 616, a working return line collects at least a portion of the working fluid from the wicking material. For example, collectors 136, 137, 138 can receive the working fluid flowing through the wicking material 176, wherein the collected working fluid is provided to openings in the collectors 136, 137, 138 defining the working return line.

[0074] Figure 9A 、 9B 9C shows an example mass transfer device 900 that provides a dehumidification stage 997 and an indirect evaporative cooling stage 999. For example, the mass transfer device 900 can be used in an air conditioner, a regenerator, or any other suitable system requiring heat and mass transfer. The mass transfer device 900 provides a fluid distribution system that is suitable for distributing a conditioning fluid (such as a liquid desiccant) to a conditioning channel and a working fluid (such as water) to an exhaust channel, wherein the flows of the conditioning fluid and the working fluid both participate in transferring heat from the air supply. However, as described herein, the mass transfer device 900 differs from the mass transfer device 100 in how it distributes the conditioning fluid and the working fluid.

[0075] refer to Figure 9A, a mass transfer device 900 includes a stack comprising a first plate 902 and a second plate 904. Although only two plates are shown for simplicity, the stack can include a plurality of first plates 902 and second plates 904, wherein the first plates 902 and second plates 904 alternate. Each first plate 902 includes a first side 902A and a second side 902B, and each second plate 904 includes a first side 904A and a second side 904B. The first side 902A of a first plate 902 and the second side 904B of a second plate 904 can define a conditioning channel 980 for an air supply flow (e.g., outside air, mixed air, process flow, etc.). In addition, the first side 904A of a second plate 904 and the second side 902B of another first plate 902 can define an exhaust channel 990 for an exhaust flow. Thus, the stack can include a plurality of alternating first plates 902 and second plates 904, which define alternating conditioning channels 980 and exhaust channels 990 for a substantially counter-flow configuration.

[0076] The first plate 902 may include a wicking material 975 (e.g., a conditioning fluid wicking member) extending longitudinally along at least a portion of the first side 902A. The second plate 904 may also include a wicking material 975 along a portion of the second side 904B. Additionally, each side of each plate may include a spacer 952 (e.g., a spacer limiter) that, as described herein, can keep one plate from another plate to allow fluid to flow through the corresponding channel. In addition, the second plate 904 may include a wicking material 976 (e.g., a working fluid wicking member) extending longitudinally along the first side 904A. As described herein, a working fluid (e.g., water) can be provided to the wicking material 976 to provide an indirect evaporative cooling stage to the conditioning channel. For example, as the exhaust travels through the exhaust channel 990, water evaporates from the wicking material 976, thereby cooling the plate 904 and indirectly cooling the air supply flow flowing through the conditioning channel 980.

[0077] To facilitate the distribution of the conditioning fluid and the working fluid, the mass transfer device 900 includes a conditioning fluid distribution header 910, a working fluid distribution header 912, a conditioning fluid collector 940, and a working fluid collector 938. The distribution headers 910, 912, the first plate 902, and the second plate 904 are positioned so that the corresponding openings 910A, 912A, 903A, 905A, 910B, 912B, 903B, 905B and 910C, 912C, 903C, 905C are aligned. In addition, the distribution headers 910, 912, the first plate 902, and the second plate 904 are attached so that a watertight seal is established around each of the openings 910A, 912A, 903A, 905A, 910B, 912B, 903B, 905B and 910C, 912C, 903C, 905C. For example, the regulating fluid distribution header 910 can be positioned and attached (e.g., glued, bonded, welded) between a top portion of the first side 902A of the first plate 902 and a top portion of the second side 904B of the second plate 904. Similarly, the working fluid distribution header 912 can be positioned and attached between a top portion of the first side 904A of the second plate 904 and a top portion of the second side 902B of another adjacent first plate 902.

[0078] The openings 910A, 910B, and 910C of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910 and the openings 912A, 912B, and 912C of the working fluid distribution manifold 912 align with the openings 903A, 903B, and 903C of the first plate 902 and the openings 905A, 905B, and 905C of the second plate 904 to define fluid distribution channels for distributing fluids, such as a fluid distribution channel for regulating fluid and another fluid distribution channel for working fluid. As shown, each of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910 and the working fluid distribution manifold 912 includes various openings. For example, the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910 includes three openings 910A, 910B, and 910C. Similarly, the working fluid distribution manifold 912 includes three openings 912A, 912B, and 912C. In addition, the first plate 902 includes three openings 903A, 903B, and 903C, and the second plate 904 includes three openings 905A, 905B, and 905C. Although the regulating fluid distribution header 910, the working fluid distribution header 912, the first plate 902, and the second plate 904 are each shown as having three openings, in some examples, the regulating fluid distribution header 910, the working fluid distribution header 912, the first plate 902, and the second plate 904 may include more or fewer than three openings.

[0079] In some examples, the first set of corresponding openings 903A, 910A, 905A, and 912A and / or the second set of corresponding openings 903B, 910B, 905B, and 912B provide for the flow of a working fluid. Additionally, in some cases, the third set of corresponding openings 903C, 910C, 905C, and 912C provide for the flow of a conditioning fluid.

[0080] For example, refer to Figure 9B , corresponding openings 903C, 910C, 905C, and 912C can define a regulating supply line through which regulating fluid is provided, as indicated by arrow 965. For example, the regulating fluid can travel through opening 912C (e.g., a regulating supply opening) of the working fluid distribution manifold 912, and then through opening 905C of the second plate 904. The regulating fluid can further travel through opening 910C of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910, and through opening 903C of the first plate 902. In addition, when the regulating fluid enters the corresponding opening 910C of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910, the fluid can also travel along channel 910D and enter one or more distribution channels 910E of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910. As shown, the conditioning fluid distribution manifold 910 may include one or more distribution channels 910E on each side so that conditioning fluid is provided to the wicking material 975 along the first side of the first plate 902 and along the second side 904B of the second plate 904, as indicated by the short dashed arrows.

[0081] Furthermore, conditioning fluid collector 940 and working fluid collector 938 are positioned so that their respective openings are aligned. Collectors 940 and 938 can receive fluid flowing downward through respective wicking materials 975 and 976, respectively, and provide return lines for the respective fluids. For example, working fluid collector 938 can be positioned on conditioning fluid collector 940 so that their respective openings 938B and 940B are aligned.

[0082] The conditioning fluid collector 940 can be positioned along the bottom portion of the wicking material 975 and can receive the conditioning fluid from the wicking material 975. For example, the distribution channel 910E can provide the conditioning fluid to the wicking material 975. The conditioning fluid travels downward through the wicking material 975 and falls onto the inclined surface 941 of the conditioning fluid collector 940. The conditioning fluid travels along the inclined surface 941 until it reaches the opening 940B. The opening 940B of the conditioning fluid collector 940, together with the corresponding opening 938B in the working fluid collector 938, forms a conditioning fluid return line for the fluid received from the wicking material 975, as indicated by arrow 977.

[0083] In addition, refer to Figure 9C, the corresponding openings 903A, 910A, 905A, and 912A can define a working supply line through which the working fluid is provided, as shown by arrow 967. For example, the working fluid can travel through the opening 912A (e.g., the working supply opening) of the working fluid distribution manifold 912, and then travel through the opening 905A of the second plate 904. The working fluid can further travel through the opening 910A of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910 and through the opening 903A of the first plate 902. In addition, when the working fluid enters the corresponding opening 912A of the working fluid distribution manifold 912, the fluid can also travel along the channel 912D and enter one or more distribution channels 912E of the working fluid distribution manifold 912. As shown, the working fluid distribution manifold 912 may include one or more distribution channels 912E on each side so that the working fluid is provided to at least a portion of the wicking material 976 along the first side 904A of the second plate 904 and along the second side 902B of the adjacent first plate 902 .

[0084] Similarly, corresponding openings 903B, 910B, 905B, and 912B can define a second working supply line through which working fluid is provided, as indicated by arrow 969. For example, the working fluid can travel through openings 912B of the working fluid distribution manifold 912 and then through openings 905B of the second plate 904. The working fluid can further travel through openings 910B of the regulating fluid distribution manifold 910 and through openings 903B of the first plate 902. In addition, when the working fluid enters the corresponding openings 912B of the working fluid distribution manifold 912, the fluid can also travel along channels 912F and enter one or more distribution channels 912G of the working fluid distribution manifold 912. As shown, the working fluid distribution manifold 910 may include one or more distribution channels 912G on each side so that working fluid is provided to a portion of the wicking material 976 along the first side 904A of the second plate 904 and along the second side 902B of the adjacent first plate 902 .

[0085] In addition, a working fluid collector 938 can be positioned along a bottom portion of the wicking material 976 and can receive working fluid from the wicking material 976. For example, the distribution channels 912E, 912G can provide working fluid to the wicking material 976. The working fluid travels downward through the wicking material 976 and falls onto the inclined surface 939 of the working fluid collector 938. The working fluid travels along the inclined surface 939 until it reaches the opening 938A. The opening 938A of the working fluid collector 938, together with the corresponding opening 940A in the regulating fluid collector 940, form a working fluid return line for the working fluid received from the wicking material 976, as shown by arrow 973. Return to Reference Figure 9A In some examples, conditioning fluid distribution manifold 910 may include barrier 971 that restricts flow into conditioning passage 980. Instead, the flow travels as indicated by the arrows in conditioning passage 980. Similarly, working fluid collector 938 may include barrier 981 that restricts flow out of exhaust passage 990, forcing the flow to travel as indicated by the arrows in exhaust passage 990.

[0086] At least some embodiments described herein provide a mass transfer device that provides multiple fluid distribution systems in alternating regulation channels and discharge channels defined by adjacent plates. For example, one fluid distribution system can distribute a regulation fluid (such as a liquid desiccant) to a wicking material in the regulation channel. Another fluid distribution system can distribute a working fluid (such as water) to a wicking material in the discharge channel. Each fluid distribution system can be started by a fluid distribution manifold and a distribution collector, the fluid distribution manifold being used to distribute various fluids to corresponding wicking materials, the distribution collector collecting the various fluids after the various fluids flow through the corresponding wicking materials and keeping the fluids separate.

[0087] The conditioning duct can receive a flow of air to be conditioned (e.g., cooled), such as outside air (e.g., mixed air), and the conditioning fluid can dehumidify the air as it passes through the conditioning duct. The conditioning duct can supply the conditioned air as air supply to, for example, a building (e.g., an industrial building) or a home.

[0088] In addition, the exhaust duct can receive a portion of the conditioned (dehumidified) air exiting the conditioning duct, and a portion of the conditioned air flowing through the exhaust duct can absorb water from the wicking material of the exhaust duct, which will serve to further cool the air flowing through the conditioning duct. For example, heat can be transferred from the wicking material to the exhaust air, which provides further cooling for the supply air on the adjacent conditioning duct. The exhaust duct can supply the exhaust air to the outside, such as the outside of a building or residence.

[0089] The various embodiments described above are provided as examples only and should not be construed as limiting the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations may be made without following the exemplary embodiments and applications shown and described herein, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A mass transfer device comprising: A stack comprising a plurality of panels; defining said stack of alternating conditioning and exhaust channels; as well as A fluid distribution system adapted to distribute a regulating fluid to a regulating channel and a working fluid to a discharge channel, the fluid distribution system comprising: a regulating supply line defined in part by a first aperture in an upper portion of each of the plurality of plates, a work supply line defined in part by a second aperture in an upper portion of each of the plurality of plates, a regulating supply line adapted to supply a regulating fluid to the regulating channel, and a working supply line adapted to supply a working fluid to the exhaust channel, a conditioning return line passing through a first aperture in a lower portion of each of the plurality of plates and adapted to collect conditioning fluid, and A working return line passes through the second hole in the lower portion of each of the plurality of plates and is adapted to collect working fluid, wherein the fluid distribution system is adapted to prevent mixing of the conditioning fluid and the exhaust fluid.

2. The mass transfer device according to claim 1, wherein The conditioning fluid is a liquid desiccant and the working fluid includes water.

3. The mass transfer device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of plates defines one side of a regulating channel of the alternating regulating channels, and the fluid distribution system further includes a regulated distribution reservoir extending longitudinally away from the regulated supply line, and a regulated collection reservoir extending longitudinally away from the regulated return line, The conditioning distribution reservoir is adapted to distribute the conditioning fluid longitudinally along at least one plate, and the conditioning collection reservoir is adapted to direct the conditioning fluid into the conditioning return line.

4. The mass transfer device according to claim 3, wherein: The conditioned distribution reservoir and the conditioned collection reservoir are on the same side of the at least one plate.

5. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 3, wherein: The conditioning channel includes a conditioning fluid wick, and the conditioning distribution reservoir supplies the conditioning fluid to an upper portion of the conditioning fluid wick, and the conditioning collection reservoir receives the conditioning fluid from a bottom portion of the conditioning fluid wick.

6. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 5, wherein: The conditioning dispensing reservoir is in fluid communication with the conditioning dispensing slot, and the conditioning fluid wick is positioned within the conditioning dispensing slot.

7. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 3, wherein: The conditioned distribution reservoir and the conditioned collection reservoir are located on opposite sides of the at least one plate.

8. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 7, wherein: The conditioning dispensing reservoir is located on a side of the at least one plate opposite the conditioning channel and supplies at least one conditioning supply opening through the at least one plate to the conditioning channel.

9. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 8, wherein: The conditioning channel includes a conditioning fluid wick, and an upper portion of the conditioning fluid wick is fed by the at least one conditioning feed opening, and the conditioning collection reservoir receives conditioning fluid from a bottom portion of the conditioning fluid wick.

10. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 1, wherein: At least one of the plurality of plates defines one side of a discharge channel of the alternating discharge channels, and the fluid distribution system further includes a working distribution reservoir extending longitudinally away from the working supply line, and a working collection reservoir extending longitudinally away from the working return line, The working distribution reservoir is adapted to distribute the working fluid longitudinally along at least one plate, and the working collection reservoir is adapted to guide the working fluid into the working return line.

11. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 10, wherein: The work distribution reservoir and the work collection reservoir are on the same side of the at least one plate.

12. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 10, wherein: The exhaust passage includes a working fluid wick, and the working distribution reservoir supplies the working fluid to an upper portion of the working fluid wick, and the working collection reservoir receives the working fluid from a bottom portion of the working fluid wick.

13. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 12, wherein: The work distribution reservoir is in fluid communication with the work distribution slot, and the working fluid wick is positioned within the work distribution slot.

14. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 10, wherein: The work distribution reservoir and the work collection reservoir are located on opposite sides of the at least one plate.

15. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 14, wherein: The work distribution reservoir is located on a side of the at least one plate opposite to the discharge channel and supplies at least one work supply opening through the at least one plate to the discharge channel.

16. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 15, wherein: The exhaust passage includes a working fluid wick, and an upper portion of the working fluid wick is fed by the at least one working feed opening, and the working collection reservoir receives working fluid from a bottom portion of the working fluid wick.

17. A mass transfer device comprising: a first plate and a second plate opposite the first plate; a first header coupled to the first and second plates, wherein the first header includes a first inlet opening, a first outlet opening, and a first conduit, wherein the first conduit is adapted to receive a first fluid from the first inlet opening and provide the first fluid to the first outlet opening; and A second header is coupled to the first and second plates, wherein the second header includes a second inlet opening, a second outlet opening, and a second conduit, wherein the second conduit is adapted to receive a second fluid from the second inlet opening and provide the second fluid to the second outlet opening.

18. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The first plate and the second plate form a supply channel.

19. The mass transfer apparatus of claim 18, comprising a third plate, wherein The second plate and the third plate form a discharge channel.

20. A method of distributing a fluid within a mass transfer device, comprising: receiving a regulated fluid in a regulated supply line; providing conditioning fluid from a conditioning supply line to conditioning channels defining a stack of alternating conditioning and exhaust channels; receiving a working fluid in a working supply line; providing a working fluid from a working supply line to the exhaust passage; providing a conditioning fluid from the conditioning channel to the first wicking material; collecting at least a portion of the conditioning fluid from the first wicking material in a conditioning return line; providing a working fluid from the exhaust passage to the second wicking material; as well as At least a portion of the working fluid is collected from the second wicking material in the working return line.

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