Application of rhizoma fagopyri dibotryis root powder in preparation of product for improving duck egg quality or intestinal health

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of wild buckwheat root powder in preparation of a product for improving duck egg quality or intestinal health, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The invention provides an application of wild buckwheat root powder in preparation of a product for improving duck egg quality or intestinal health. The wild buckwheat root powder can improve eggshell strength, yolk color and eggshell proportion; the contents of asparaginic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine and leucine in the egg yolk are increased; the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in the egg yolk is increased, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the egg yolk is reduced; the activity of egg duck jejunum mucosa maltase is improved; and the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora of laying ducks can be improved. The invention provides a new strategy for improving the quality of egg-laying duck eggs or intestinal health.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to application of Fagopyrum cymosum root powder in preparation of products for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks. BACKGROUND

[0002] There is an urgent need to provide a green and healthy method for improving egg quality and intestinal health of laying ducks and the like. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide application of Fagopyrum cymosum root powder in preparation of products for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and the Fagopyrum cymosum root powder can improve egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks, and the present application provides a new strategy for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present application provides application of Fagopyrum cymosum root powder in preparation of products for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks.

[0006] Optionally, the products are used for improving eggshell strength, yolk color and eggshell ratio.

[0007] Optionally, the products are used for improving contents of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine and leucine in yolk.

[0008] Optionally, the products are used for improving contents of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in yolk, and reducing content of saturated fatty acid in yolk.

[0009] Optionally, the products are used for improving activity of maltase in mucous membrane of jejunum of laying ducks.

[0010] Optionally, the products are used for improving bacterial flora diversity and abundance in intestinal tract of laying ducks.

[0011] Optionally, the products are used for improving relative abundance of Spirillaceae, and reducing relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Syntrophobacter.

[0012] Optionally, the products are used for improving relative abundance of Lactobacillus, and reducing relative abundance of Prevotella_Ga6A1 group, Mucispirillum and Faecalibacterium.

[0013] Optionally, the products comprise feed additives.

[0014] The present application also provides a feed for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks, wherein the feed comprises Fagopyrum cymosum root powder.

[0015] The Fagopyrum cymosum root powder is added in an amount of 1% to 3%.

[0016] The present application discloses the following technical effects:

[0017] Through experimental verification, adding F. esquirolii root powder in the feed can significantly improve the serum antioxidant function, promote the content of luteinizing hormone and serum IL-4, and reduce the content of serum cytokine IL-1β; significantly improve the eggshell strength, egg yolk color and eggshell ratio, and the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in egg yolk, significantly reduce the content of egg yolk myristic acid, palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid, improve the intestinal digestion physiological index of egg duck and the content of fatty acid in egg yolk; can regulate the diversity and abundance of cecal flora of egg duck, specifically, increase the relative abundance of Spirillum and Lactobacillus, and reduce the relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Selenomonas, Prevotella_Ga6A1 group, Mucispirillum and Faecalibacterium, the present application provides a new strategy for improving egg quality or intestinal health of egg duck. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 Venn diagram of intestinal flora based on ASVs level;

[0020] Figure 2 Distribution of egg duck intestinal flora at the level of door;

[0021] Figure 3 Distribution of egg duck intestinal flora at the level of door;

[0022] In the above figures, A: control group; B: 1% F. esquirolii root powder addition group; C: 2% F. esquirolii root powder addition group; D: 3% F. esquirolii root powder addition group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application.

[0024] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. In addition, where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in the stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can independently be included or excluded in the range.

[0025] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe in detail the methods and / or materials useful in connection to the documents. In the case of conflict, the present document will control.

[0026] Many modifications and variations of the present application described in the specific embodiments of the application can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Other implementations of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application. The specification and examples are illustrative only.

[0027] As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having", "contains", "containing", or variations thereof, are intended to be open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

[0028] The Fagopyrum cymosum root powder used in the present embodiment was prepared by drying and crushing the tubers of a Fagopyrum cymosum variety (Ganjinqiao No. 1) independently bred and cultivated by the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and passing the crushed product through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] 1. Research method

[0031] A total of 512 egg ducks (variety: Shanma duck) in good condition, similar egg production rate, and same age (32 weeks) in the same duck house were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, 8 replicates per group, and 16 ducks per replicate. The control group was fed with a basic diet, and the experimental groups 1-3 were respectively fed with the basic diet added with 1%, 2%, and 3% of Fagopyrum cymosum root powder. The pre-feeding period was 1 week, and the formal test period was 8 weeks.

[0032] After the end of the test, 2 test ducks with similar average body weight were randomly selected from each replicate, 5 mL of blood was collected from the wing vein, and after standing and stratification, centrifugation was performed, and the supernatant was stored at -20°C for standby.

[0033] 2. Results and analysis

[0034] 2.1 Effects of F. esculenta root powder on laying performance of laying ducks

[0035] During the experiment, the daily egg weight, average egg weight, qualified egg rate, daily egg production, average daily feed intake, laying rate and feed / egg ratio of each group were calculated.

[0036] As shown in Table 1, the addition of F. esculenta root powder in the diet of laying ducks had no significant effect on the daily egg weight, average egg weight, qualified egg rate, daily egg production, average daily feed intake, laying rate and feed / egg ratio (P>0.05).

[0037] Table 1 Effects of F. esculenta root powder on the production performance of laying ducks

[0038]

[0039] Note: The same row data with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference (P<0.05), no letters or the same letters indicate no significant difference (P>0.05), and the same as the following table.

[0040] 2.2 Effects of F. esculenta root powder on egg quality

[0041] During the experiment, the egg shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, Haugh unit, yolk color, yolk proportion, albumen proportion, and shell proportion of each group were measured. The egg shape index was measured by vernier caliper to measure the long diameter and short diameter of duck eggs and calculate the ratio. The shell strength was measured by shell strength instrument (EFC-0503). The shell thickness was measured by micrometer to measure the shell thickness of the sharp end, middle end, and blunt end, and the average value was taken. The Haugh unit and yolk color were measured by egg quality analyzer (EMT-5200). The yolk, albumen, and shell were separated and weighed, and the average value was taken to calculate the proportion of each to the egg weight.

[0042] As shown in Table 2, compared with the control group, the shell strength and yolk color of the F. esculenta root powder added group were significantly improved (P<0.05). The shell proportion of the 3% added group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant effect on the egg shape index, shell thickness, Haugh unit, yolk proportion, etc. (P>0.05).

[0043] Table 2 Effects of F. esculenta root powder on egg quality of laying ducks

[0044]

[0045] 2.3 Effects of F. esculenta root powder on the nutrient content of duck egg yolk

[0046] 2.3.1 Amino acid content

[0047] The amino acid content in egg yolk is determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer in accordance with the national food safety standard "Determination of Amino Acids in Foods" (GB5009.124-2016).

[0048] As shown in Table 3, compared with the control group, the addition of 1% golden buckwheat root powder to the diet had no significant effect on the amino acid content in egg yolks of laying ducks (P>0.05). However, the addition of 2% golden buckwheat root powder significantly increased the content of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine, leucine, total amino acids, umami amino acids, and essential amino acids in egg yolks (P<0.05), while 3% golden buckwheat root powder significantly increased the content of aspartic acid and threonine (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on the content of other amino acids (P>0.05). In addition, compared with the 1% supplementation group, the addition of 2% golden buckwheat root powder significantly increased the content of glycine, cystine, valine, total amino acids, umami amino acids, and essential amino acids in egg yolks (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the content of other amino acids (P>0.05).

[0049] Table 3 Effect of golden buckwheat root powder on the amino acid content in laying duck egg yolk (mg / g)

[0050]

[0051] 2.3.2 Fatty acid composition

[0052] Fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography. The sample's lipids were first extracted with a chloroform-methanol (volume ratio 2:1) solution. The lipids were then methylated in a 0.4 mol / L potassium hydroxide-methanol solution for 30 minutes. Finally, 2 mL of deionized water was added, the mixture was shaken and centrifuged for 5 minutes (3000 rpm). The supernatant was stored at -20°C until further use. The methylated samples were then analyzed by gas chromatography for fatty acid composition. Each fatty acid was compared with a known standard, and the fatty acid content was calculated by area normalization and presented as a percentage of the total fatty acids.

[0053] As shown in Table 4, compared with the control group, the addition of 1% golden buckwheat root powder to the diet significantly reduced the palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid content in egg yolk (P < 0.05). The addition of 2% golden buckwheat root powder significantly reduced the myristic acid, palmitic acid, and saturated fatty acid content (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% golden buckwheat root powder significantly reduced the myristic acid and saturated fatty acid content, while significantly increasing the arachidonic acid and arachitrienoic acid content (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect on other fatty acid compositions (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in egg yolks of the golden buckwheat root powder supplementation groups (1% and 2%) showed an increasing trend with increasing levels of golden buckwheat root powder in the diet.

[0054] Table 4 Effects of F. ulmaria root powder on fatty acid composition in egg yolk of laying ducks (%)

[0055]

[0056] 2.4 Effects of F. ulmaria root powder on serum indexes of laying ducks

[0057] 2.4.1 Biochemical indexes

[0058] The contents of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were determined by using the kit of Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.

[0059] As shown in Table 5, the contents of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were not significantly affected by F. ulmaria root powder (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of serum total protein and blood calcium were significantly increased by adding 2% F. ulmaria root powder (P<0.05), and the content of serum urea nitrogen was significantly increased by adding 3% F. ulmaria root powder (P<0.05).

[0060] Table 5 Effects of F. ulmaria root powder on serum biochemical indexes of laying ducks

[0061]

[0062] 2.4.2 Serum immune and antioxidant performance

[0063] The contents of serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the contents of serum SOD, GSH-Px and MDA were determined by chemical colorimetry. The determination steps were carried out according to the instructions of the kit, and the kit was purchased from Beijing Huaying Biological Co., Ltd.

[0064] As shown in Table 6, the contents of IgA, IgG and IgM of laying ducks were not significantly affected by F. ulmaria root powder (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of IL-1β was significantly reduced by adding 1% F. ulmaria root powder (P<0.05), and the activity of SOD was significantly increased (P<0.05); the content of IL-1β was significantly reduced by adding 2% F. ulmaria root powder (P<0.05), and the content of IL-4 was significantly increased (P<0.05); the content of IL-4 was significantly increased by adding 3% F. ulmaria root powder (P<0.05).

[0065] Table 6 Effects of F. ulmaria root powder on serum immune and antioxidant performance of laying ducks

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] 2.4.3 Serum reproductive hormone indicators

[0069] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine the levels of serum progesterone, duck follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The assay steps were carried out according to the kit instructions. The kits were purchased from Beijing Huaying Biological Co., Ltd.

[0070] As shown in Table 7, compared with the control group, the 2% and 3% supplementation groups significantly increased the serum luteinizing hormone content (P<0.05).

[0071] Table 7 Effects of golden buckwheat root powder on serum reproductive hormone indicators in laying ducks

[0072]

[0073] 2.5 Effects of golden buckwheat root powder on digestive physiological parameters of laying ducks

[0074] The activities of α-amylase, maltase, lipase and trypsin in the digestive tract mucosa of laying ducks were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The assay steps were carried out according to the kit instructions. The kits were purchased from Beijing Huaying Biological Co., Ltd.

[0075] As shown in Table 8, the maltase activity of the diet supplemented with 3% golden buckwheat root powder was significantly higher than that of the control group, 1% and 2% supplemented groups (P<0.05).

[0076] Table 8 Effects of golden buckwheat root powder on digestive enzymes in the jejunum of laying ducks

[0077]

[0078] 2.6 Effect of golden buckwheat root powder on the cecal flora structure of laying ducks

[0079] The cecal flora structure of laying ducks was commissioned to Beijing Novogene Technology Co., Ltd. for 16S rRNA V3~V4 microbial flora testing.

[0080] 2.6.1 Statistics of the number of effective ASVs in intestinal contents

[0081] The numbers in the overlapping areas of the Venn diagram represent the number of common ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants, characteristic sequences), and the non-overlapping areas are the number of unique ASVs. Figure 1 As can be seen, the number of ASVs shared by the cecal contents of each group was 528, of which the group supplemented with 2% golden buckwheat root powder had the most characteristic sequences, 590. These results indicate that there were differences in fecal species between the control group and each experimental group, and that the addition of golden buckwheat root powder to the diet can affect the number of bacterial species in the cecum of laying ducks.

[0082] 2.6.2 Intestinal flora Alpha diversity analysis

[0083] As shown in Table 9, the addition of F. davidiana root powder in the diet had no significant effect on the sequencing coverage of the intestinal flora of laying ducks, but the results were all 1.00, indicating that the sequencing results could represent the true situation of the flora diversity of the samples in each group. Compared with the 3% addition group, the addition of 2% F. davidiana root powder in the diet significantly increased the chao1 index, observed_otus, pielou_e, shannon index and simpson index, and significantly reduced the dominance index (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05).

[0084] Table 9 Alpha diversity analysis of F. davidiana root powder on the intestinal flora of laying ducks

[0085]

[0086] 2.6.3 Effect of F. davidiana root powder on the intestinal flora structure of laying ducks

[0087] As shown in Table 10, compared with the control group, the 3% F. davidiana root powder addition group significantly increased the relative abundance of Spirochaetes (P<0.05) and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Fusobacteria (P<0.05), while the 2% F. davidiana root powder addition group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Deferribacteres (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). Figure 2 As shown in Table 10, compared with the control group, the 3% F. davidiana root powder addition group significantly increased the relative abundance of Spirochaetes (P<0.05) and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Fusobacteria (P<0.05), while the 2% F. davidiana root powder addition group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Deferribacteres (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05).

[0088] Figure 3 ​It can be seen that, excluding other genera, the relative abundance of the cecal intestinal flora of each group of laying ducks at the genus level is greater than 1%, including Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, Megamonas, Desulfovibrio, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, Mucispirillum and Faecalibacterium, among which Bacteroides (42.69%), Pseudomonas (3.06%), Megamonas (2.94%), Desulfovibrio 1 (2.81%) and Mucispirillum (1.82%) are the genera with higher abundance. As shown in Table 11, compared with the control group, the 1% golden buckwheat root powder supplementation group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella_Ga6A1 (P < 0.05), the 2% golden buckwheat root powder supplementation group significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Muzispira (P < 0.05), and the 3% golden buckwheat root powder supplementation group significantly reduced the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05). Compared with the 1% and 2% supplementation groups, the 3% supplementation group significantly increased the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Megamonas (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the other groups (P > 0.05). The dominant bacterial group in each group was Bacteroides, followed by Pseudomonas.

[0089] Table 10 Effect of golden buckwheat root powder on the relative abundance of intestinal flora of laying ducks at the phylum level (%)

[0090]

[0091] Table 11 Effect of golden buckwheat root powder on the relative abundance of intestinal flora of laying ducks at the genus level (%)

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Under the experimental conditions of the present invention, the addition of golden buckwheat root powder to the feed significantly improved the serum antioxidant function, luteinizing hormone, and serum IL-4 levels of laying ducks, reduced the serum cytokine IL-1β level, significantly improved eggshell strength, yolk color, and eggshell ratio, as well as the arachidonic acid and arachitrienoic acid content in the egg yolk, significantly reduced the myristic acid, palmitic acid, and saturated fatty acid content in the egg yolk, improved the intestinal digestive physiological indicators of laying ducks and the fatty acid content in the egg yolk, regulated the diversity and abundance of the cecal microbiota of laying ducks, increased the relative abundance of Spirochaetes and Lactobacilli, and reduced the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Deferribacteria, Prevotella_Ga6A1 group, Muzispira, and Faecalibacterium. Taking all the above indicators into consideration, the addition of 2% golden buckwheat root powder to the laying duck feed had the best effect under the experimental conditions of the present invention.

[0095] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of golden buckwheat root powder in the preparation of products for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The product is used to improve eggshell strength, yolk color and eggshell ratio.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The product is used for increasing the contents of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, cystine and leucine in egg yolk.

4. The use according to claim 1, wherein The product is used for increasing the content of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid in egg yolk and reducing the content of saturated fatty acids in egg yolk.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The product is used for improving the activity of maltase in the jejunal mucosa of laying ducks.

6. The use according to claim 1, wherein The product is used to improve the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in laying ducks.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The product is used to increase the relative abundance of Helicobacteria and reduce the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Deferribacteria.

8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The product is used to increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and reduce the relative abundance of Prevotella_Ga6A1 group, Spirochete and Faecalibacterium.

9. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The products include feed additives.

10. A feed for improving egg quality or intestinal health of laying ducks, characterized in that: The feed comprises golden buckwheat root powder; The added amount of the golden buckwheat root powder is 1%-3%.

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