Vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of vehicles. The vehicle comprises a frame, a battery and a pressing device, and the frame is provided with a containing cavity and comprises a first beam arranged in the first direction; the battery is contained in the containing cavity and comprises a plurality of single batteries, the single batteries are stacked in the second direction, one single battery located at one end of the second direction abuts against the first beam, and the second direction intersects with the first direction; the pressing device comprises a pressure sensor and a pressure assembly, the pressure sensor is in communication connection with the pressure assembly, the pressure sensor is arranged between at least one adjacent battery monomer, and the pressure assembly is arranged at one end, deviating from the first beam, of the battery along the second direction. According to the vehicle, the control effect of the pressure applied to the outside during circulation of the solid-state battery is improved, and the energy density of the battery is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The use of solid-state batteries requires the application of certain external pressure, and maintaining pressure stability is beneficial to battery performance. The solid-state battery of the related technology usually applies pressure in the way of end plate cooperating with wire harness, which causes the setting of the end plate to affect the energy density of the battery, and such pressure application mode is difficult to withstand long-term cyclic large pressure load. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a vehicle which can improve the energy density of the solid-state battery and provide feedback adjustment for the external pressure of the solid-state battery during use.

[0004] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle, which comprises a frame, a battery and a compression device, wherein the frame has a receiving cavity and comprises a first beam arranged along a first direction; the battery is accommodated in the receiving cavity and comprises a plurality of battery monomers and microcapsule particles, the plurality of battery monomers are sequentially distributed along a second direction, and one battery monomer located at one end of the second direction abuts against the first beam, the microcapsule particles are provided with fire extinguishing medium, and the second direction intersects the first direction; the compression device comprises a pressure sensor and a pressure assembly, the pressure sensor is in communication connection with the pressure assembly, the pressure sensor is arranged between at least one adjacent battery monomer, and the pressure assembly is arranged at one end of the battery away from the first beam along the second direction.

[0005] In the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery monomers arranged in the receiving cavity, the plurality of battery monomers are sequentially distributed along the second direction, and one battery monomer located at one end of the second direction abuts against the first beam, the compression device comprises the communication-connected pressure sensor and pressure assembly, the external pressure received by the battery pack can be sensed by the pressure sensor, and the feedback adjustment of the pressure can be realized through the information transmission between the pressure sensor and the pressure assembly, so that the cycle process of the battery pack can be always carried out under suitable external pressure. At the same time, the first beam of the frame and the compression device are assembled to the vehicle together, which can reduce the structural design of the battery box, and then improve the energy design space of the battery pack, thereby improving the energy density of the battery pack. By arranging the microcapsule particles in the receiving cavity, the fire extinguishing medium can be quickly released by the microcapsule particles when the battery pack occurs thermal runaway, which improves the corresponding speed of the battery pack to thermal runaway and reduces the risk of further thermal runaway.

[0006] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a buffer member disposed at least one of between two adjacent battery cells, between a battery cell and the first beam, or between a battery cell and the pressure assembly. The buffer member can reduce the stress between the battery cells and other components after external pressure is applied, alleviating the risk of damage to the battery cells due to collisions. Furthermore, the buffer member can absorb stress generated by the expansion of the battery cells during cycling through its inherent elasticity, thereby ensuring that the battery pack operates under appropriate external pressure.

[0007] In some embodiments, the projection of the battery cell along the second direction falls within the buffer member, that is, the buffer member covers the battery cell in the second direction, which can improve the comprehensiveness of the buffer member on the battery cell and achieve a better buffering effect.

[0008] In some embodiments, microcapsules are disposed within the buffer; the fire extinguishing medium includes at least one of carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, nitrogen, and argon. By disposing the microcapsules within the buffer, and containing the fire extinguishing medium, if thermal runaway of the battery pack causes the buffer to burn, the microcapsules within the buffer can be quickly activated to release the fire extinguishing medium to extinguish the fire, thereby mitigating thermal runaway conditions and improving vehicle reliability.

[0009] In some embodiments, the buffer is made of at least one of polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyurethane foam, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer foam, rubber, silicone, polystyrene foam, polyvinyl chloride, air cushion film, honeycomb paperboard, fiber-reinforced composite material, sponge, bio-based foam, and nylon elastomer. This design approach can adapt to the feedback adjustment strategy of the compression device, allowing the buffer to simply perform a cushioning function without requiring special research and development of the buffer, thereby reducing the material development cost of the buffer and further improving the economic efficiency of the vehicle.

[0010] In some embodiments, the frame further includes a second beam, the second beam being arranged opposite the first beam along a second direction, and the pressure assembly being fixedly connected to the second beam. By fixing the pressure assembly to the second beam, the integration of the battery pack and the frame can be further improved, thereby further increasing the energy density of the battery pack.

[0011] In some embodiments, the pressure assembly includes an end plate extending in a first direction and a pressure mechanism connected between the end plate and the second beam; the projection of the battery cell in a second direction falls within the projection of the end plate in the second direction. This design allows the end plate to act on the surface of the battery cell to increase the contact area between the pressure assembly and the battery cell, thereby improving the uniformity of the pressure applied by the pressure assembly to the battery pack and enhancing the compression effect on the battery pack.

[0012] In some embodiments, there are multiple pressurizing mechanisms, and at least some of the pressurizing mechanisms are distributed along the first direction. The multiple pressurizing mechanisms are distributed along the first direction, which can further improve the uniformity of the pressure applied by the pressure assembly on the battery pack.

[0013] In some embodiments, each battery cell is slidably connected to the frame along the second direction. This adapts to the large expansion or contraction of solid-state batteries during cycling, allowing the battery cells to move along the second direction due to their own expansion or contraction during cycling, thereby improving the reliability of the structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the frame further includes two third beams, arranged along the second direction, and connected to the first and second beams at either end along the second direction. The first, second, and third beams collectively form a receiving cavity. By designing the third beams to cooperate with the first and second beams to form the receiving cavity, the third beams can be utilized to further enhance the stability of the battery pack within the receiving cavity.

[0015] In some embodiments, the frame further includes multiple displacement guides disposed on a side of the third beam proximate to the accommodating cavity. At least some of the battery cells abut against a displacement guide on either side of the first direction. Each displacement guide is rotatable along an axis parallel to the third direction, with the first, second, and third directions intersecting in pairs. The multiple displacement guides disposed on the side of the third beam proximate to the accommodating cavity can reduce friction between the battery cells and the frame through contact between the displacement guides and the battery cells, thereby facilitating movement of the battery cells along the second direction during cycling and further improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0016] In some embodiments, the displacement guide comprises a plurality of balls arranged sequentially along a third direction. The plurality of balls are arranged sequentially along the third direction so that each position of the side edge of the battery cell along the third direction can contact the displacement guide, thereby further improving the reliability of displacement of the battery cell during cycling.

[0017] In some embodiments, the displacement guide is a roller shaft, which contacts the battery cell through the roller shaft, has a simple structure and is easy to install, which is conducive to improving the production and processing efficiency of the vehicle.

[0018] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the spacing between adjacent displacement guides is L, and the thickness of the battery cell is H, such that L<H<2L. By proportionally designing the spacing L between adjacent displacement guides and the thickness H of the battery cell, the battery cells are less likely to become trapped between adjacent displacement guides during cycling, reducing the risk of battery cell failure caused by trapped cells. Furthermore, the number of displacement guides can be minimized, improving vehicle production efficiency and reducing production costs.

[0019] In some embodiments, the displacement guide is made of carbon fiber, polyurethane, or silicone rubber. By designing the displacement guide using the aforementioned lightweight materials, the vehicle's weight can be further reduced, which helps to increase the weight energy density of the battery pack.

[0020] In some embodiments, the battery cells are solid-state batteries. The compression device is used in conjunction with the frame structure to compress the battery cells, thereby improving the tightness of the solid-solid contact interface in the battery cells, which can effectively improve the cycle performance of the solid-state battery.

[0021] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery device provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 an enlarged view of portion A of the vehicle shown;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The vehicle is shown in a cross-sectional view along line BB.

[0027] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 100, vehicle; 10, frame; 11, first beam; 12, second beam; 13, third beam; 14, displacement guide; 20, battery pack; 21, battery cell; 22, buffer; 29, box; 291, first part; 292, second part; 30, clamping device; 31, pressure sensor; 32, pressure assembly; 321, end plate; 322, pressurizing mechanism; 101, accommodating chamber; X, first direction; Y, second direction; Z, third direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0029] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0030] In addition, if the term "and / or" appears, "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship. If the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, if the term "multiple" appears, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, these terms may refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, if a first feature is described as being "above" or "below" a second feature, or similar descriptions, this may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is described as being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is described as being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0033] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiment.

[0034] Currently, market developments indicate that power batteries are becoming increasingly widely used. Power batteries are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal, wind, and solar power plants, but are also widely used in electric vehicles like electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric vehicles, as well as in aerospace and other fields. As power battery applications continue to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0035] Compared with traditional liquid batteries, solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes, making the battery more sensitive to internal and external forces. Solid-solid interface problems, lithium dendrite growth, uneven lithium deposition, and battery performance are all closely related to the magnitude of the force. During the use of the battery cell, a certain amount of external pressure usually needs to be applied, and the magnitude of the force needs to be kept within a certain range. However, during the charging and discharging process, the positive and negative electrode materials undergo expansion and contraction, and the external pressure on the battery cell fluctuates more violently, affecting the performance of the battery.

[0036] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery device provided in some embodiments of the present application. The battery device includes a housing 29 and a battery cell 21. The battery cell 21 may be a solid-state battery and is housed within the housing 29. The housing 29 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 21 and can adopt a variety of structures. In some embodiments, the housing 29 may include a first portion 291 and a second portion 292. The first portion 291 and the second portion 292 overlap each other and together define a storage space for the battery cell 21.

[0037] In a battery device, there may be multiple battery cells 21, which may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration. A hybrid configuration refers to a combination of series and parallel connections among the multiple battery cells 21. Multiple battery cells 21 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration, and then the entire structure formed by the multiple battery cells 21 is housed within a housing 29. Alternatively, the battery device may comprise multiple battery cells 21 connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a battery module, which is then further connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a single unit housed within a housing 29. The battery device may also include other structures, such as a busbar assembly for electrically connecting the multiple battery cells 21.

[0038] During operation, battery cells 21 (solid-state batteries) require a significant initial preload. Traditionally, this pressure is applied by designing end plates within the housing 29 and attaching wiring harnesses, which are then tightened to achieve this pressure. However, under high pressure, the end plates must be sufficiently thick to ensure uniform pressure across the battery's large surface area, significantly impacting the battery's energy density.

[0039] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 An embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle 100, which includes a frame 10, a battery pack 20, and a pressing device 30, wherein the frame 10 has a receiving cavity 101 and includes a first beam 11 arranged along a first direction X; the battery pack 20 is accommodated in the receiving cavity 101 and includes a plurality of battery cells 21 and microcapsule particles (not shown), the plurality of battery cells 21 are sequentially distributed along a second direction Y, and a battery cell 21 located at one end of the second direction Y abuts against the first beam 11, and a fire extinguishing medium is provided in the microcapsule particles, and the second direction Y intersects with the first direction X; the pressing device 30 includes a pressure sensor 31 and a pressure assembly 32, the pressure sensor 31 and the pressure assembly 32 are communicatively connected, the pressure sensor 31 is arranged between at least one adjacent battery cell 21, and the pressure assembly 32 is arranged at one end of the battery pack 20 along the second direction Y away from the first beam 11.

[0040] The frame 10 is the bottom support structure of the vehicle and serves as the installation basis for key vehicle components such as the clutch, transmission, drive shaft, differential, suspension, steering wheel, steering shaft, and brakes.

[0041] The frame 10 is a skeleton structure of the vehicle 100 , wherein the frame 10 has a receiving cavity 101 , which means that the overall structure of the frame 10 is annular, and the receiving cavity 101 for installing and placing other components is formed in the annular frame 10 .

[0042] It can be understood that the ring-shaped structure in the frame 10 can be regarded as the beam structure of the vehicle 100. In these embodiments of the present application, the frame 10 can be surrounded by a rectangular ring, that is, the frame 10 includes at least two horizontal beams and at least two vertical beams.

[0043] The frame 10 includes a first beam 11 arranged along a first direction X, wherein the first beam 11 can be any horizontal beam in the frame 10. In some embodiments, the first beam 11 can also be any vertical beam in the frame 10. Regardless of whether the first beam 11 is a horizontal beam or a vertical beam in the frame 10, the extending direction of the first beam 11 is defined as the first direction X in this application.

[0044] The battery pack 20 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 101, meaning that the battery pack 20 is placed within the annular structure formed by the frame 10. In these embodiments of the present application, the frame 10 may also include a floor (not shown), which is provided at one end of the annular structure of the frame 10 to seal the end of the annular structure. When installed in the accommodating cavity 101, the battery pack 20 can be supported by the floor.

[0045] The battery pack 20 includes a plurality of battery cells 21, which are sequentially arranged along the second direction Y. This means that the battery pack 20 is integrated into the frame 10, utilizing the frame 10 of the vehicle 100 as the housing for the battery pack 20, rather than requiring a housing. This increases the space within the battery pack 20 for accommodating the battery cells 21, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery pack 20 from the perspective of the vehicle 100.

[0046] The battery cell 21 is the smallest unit in the battery pack 20 for charging or discharging. Multiple battery cells 21 are distributed in sequence along the second direction Y, which means that multiple battery cells 21 are placed in sequence along the second direction Y in the accommodating cavity 101, and then multiple battery cells 21 are connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection to form a battery pack 20 to power the vehicle 100.

[0047] A battery cell 21 located at one end in the second direction Y abuts against the first beam 11, which means that in the battery pack 20, when multiple battery cells 21 are stacked, one battery cell 21 located at the end of the stacked battery cells 21 abuts against the first beam 11, and the other battery cells 21 are stacked sequentially in the second direction Y.

[0048] In the present application, since the battery cells 21 are solid-state battery cells, arranging multiple battery cells 21 along the second direction Y is beneficial to the setting of an external pressure component of the battery pack 20, that is, pressure can be applied to the battery pack 20 along the second direction Y through the external pressure component, and the multiple battery cells 21 can be compressed, thereby improving the tightness of the solid-solid connection interface between the electrode assembly and the electrolyte in each battery cell 21, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the battery pack 20.

[0049] The microcapsule particles are provided with a fire extinguishing medium, so that after the battery pack 20 thermal runaway occurs and burns, the microcapsule particles can be quickly activated to release the fire extinguishing medium to extinguish the fire, which can alleviate the thermal runaway situation of the battery pack 20 and improve the reliability of the vehicle 100.

[0050] The microcapsule particles are arranged in the accommodating cavity 101. A possible implementation method is that the microcapsule particles can be directly arranged on the non-pressurized surface of the battery cell 21 in an adhesive manner, that is, the two surfaces of each battery cell 21 that are not opposite along the second direction Y, so as to reduce the risk of premature release of the microcapsule particles under pressure extrusion; or, in some embodiments, a buffer can be provided between adjacent battery cells 21. At this time, the microcapsule particles can be arranged in the buffer to utilize the buffer to reduce the squeezing effect of the adjacent battery cells 21 on the microcapsule particles, thereby improving the structural stability of the microcapsule particles in a non-thermal runaway environment.

[0051] The clamping device 30 includes a pressure sensor 31 and a pressure component 32. The pressure sensor 31 and the pressure component 32 are communicatively connected, which means that information can be transmitted between the pressure sensor 31 and the pressure component 32, so that the pressure component 32 can dynamically adjust the pressure applied to the battery pack 20 according to the pressure sensed by the pressure sensor 31, so that the battery pack 20 can maintain operation under appropriate external pressure, that is, maintain the good working efficiency of the solid-state battery, and also reduce the risk of damage to the battery pack 20 structure due to excessive external pressure.

[0052] For example, the pressure sensor 31 and the pressure assembly 32 may be connected by wireless communication or by wired communication.

[0053] The pressure sensor 31 is disposed between at least one adjacent battery cell 21 to sense the pressure applied to the battery pack 20 in the second direction Y. In some embodiments, the number of pressure sensors 31 may be, but is not limited to, two or three. Each pressure sensor 31 is disposed between different adjacent battery cells 21 and is in communication with the pressure assembly 32. The accuracy of the pressure determination can be improved by using multiple pressure sensors 31 to collectively determine the pressure applied to the battery pack 20.

[0054] The pressure assembly 32 is disposed at one end of the battery pack 20 away from the first beam 11 along the second direction Y, so that the pressure assembly 32 can apply pressure to the battery pack 20 along the second direction Y. One end of the pressure assembly 32 can be connected to the frame 10 for support, and the portion of the pressure assembly 32 in contact with the battery pack 20 can reciprocate along the second direction Y to adjust the pressure applied to the battery pack 20.

[0055] Regarding the connection between the pressure assembly 32 and the frame 10, in an embodiment where the first beam 11 is a horizontal beam of the frame 10, the pressure assembly 32 can be connected to a horizontal beam opposite the first beam 11 so that the pressure assembly 32 is supported by the horizontal beam. In some cases, the pressure assembly 32 can also be connected to a vertical beam connected to the first beam 11. The case where the first beam 11 is a vertical beam of the frame 10 is similar and will not be further described here.

[0056] According to the vehicle 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the battery pack 20 is provided to include a plurality of battery cells 21 arranged in the accommodating cavity 101, the plurality of battery cells 21 are distributed in sequence along the second direction Y, and a battery cell 21 located at one end of the second direction Y abuts against the first beam 11, and the clamping device 30 includes a pressure sensor 31 and a pressure component 32 that are communicatively connected. The pressure sensor 31 can sense the external pressure on the battery pack 20, and feedback adjustment of the pressure can be achieved through information transmission with the pressure component 32, so that the circulation process of the battery pack 20 can always be maintained under appropriate external pressure; at the same time, by utilizing the first beam 11 of the frame 10 and the clamping device 30 to be assembled together to the vehicle 100, the structural design of the battery pack 20 box can be reduced, thereby increasing the energy design space of the battery pack 20 and increasing the energy density of the battery pack 20.

[0057] In some embodiments, the battery pack 20 further includes a buffer 22 , which is disposed at least one of between two adjacent battery cells 21 , between a battery cell 21 and the first beam 11 , and between a battery cell 21 and the pressure assembly 32 .

[0058] The buffer 22 can relieve stress between different components under pressure. This reduces the stress when a battery cell 21 contacts an adjacent battery cell 21, when a battery cell 21 at one end contacts the first beam 11, or when a battery cell 21 at the other end contacts the pressure assembly 32, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the battery cells 21 due to collisions.

[0059] In these embodiments of the present application, the provision of the buffer member 22 not only reduces contact stress between adjacent components in the battery pack 20 but also serves to improve the uniformity of pressure applied to the battery cells 21. It should be noted that because the pressure applied by the pressure assembly 32 on the battery pack 20 can be adjusted through feedback data from the pressure sensor 31, the buffer member 22 in the embodiments of the present application does not require special material development as is common in related technologies, and does not require consideration of pressure stability of the battery cells 21 during the charge and discharge process. This reduces the material research and development requirements for the buffer member 22.

[0060] In some embodiments, along the second direction Y, the projection of the battery cell 21 falls within the buffer 22 .

[0061] The projection of the battery cell 21 falls within the buffer 22 , which means that the projection of each battery cell 21 along the second direction Y falls within the buffer 22 adjacent to it, so that the battery cell 21 obtains a good buffer protection effect in the second direction Y.

[0062] That is, in the direction in which the pressure assembly 32 applies pressure to the battery pack 20 , the projection of the battery cell 21 falls within the buffer 22 , and the buffer 22 can provide all-round buffering protection for the battery cell 21 .

[0063] In these embodiments of the present application, the shape of the buffer 22 can match the battery cell 21, that is, when the cross-sectional shape of the battery cell 21 perpendicular to the second direction Y is rectangular, the cross-sectional shape of the buffer 22 perpendicular to the second direction Y can be set to be rectangular, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the buffer 22 perpendicular to the second direction Y is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the battery cell 21 perpendicular to the second direction Y.

[0064] In some embodiments, the microcapsule particles are disposed in the buffer member 22 ; and the fire extinguishing medium includes at least one of carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, nitrogen, and argon.

[0065] Under the action of the pressing device 30 , each battery cell 21 is easily placed in a long-term high-voltage working condition, thereby increasing the risk of thermal runaway of the battery cell 21 .

[0066] In these embodiments of the present application, by arranging the buffer 22 between adjacent battery cells 21, the elasticity of the buffer 22 itself can be utilized to alleviate the high-voltage state of each battery cell 21. At the same time, by arranging microcapsule particles in the buffer 22, and providing a fire extinguishing medium in the microcapsule particles, after the battery pack 20 suffers from thermal runaway and causes the buffer 22 to burn, the microcapsule particles provided in the buffer 22 can be quickly activated to release the fire extinguishing medium to extinguish the fire, thereby alleviating the thermal runaway situation of the battery pack 20 and improving the reliability of the vehicle 100.

[0067] It is understandable that the fire extinguishing medium can be a medium that has a fire extinguishing effect or can effectively reduce the oxygen content in the air. Among them, perfluorohexanone, as a new type of clean gas fire extinguishing agent, has been widely used in recent years due to its excellent environmental performance and efficient fire extinguishing ability.

[0068] In the present application, perfluorohexanone can be prepared by, but is not limited to, direct fluorination, electrolytic fluorination or free radical telomerization.

[0069] The direct fluorination method uses fluorine gas to fluorinate triketone precursors in a stepwise fashion at temperatures between -20°C and -10°C. This process requires precise matching of the fluorine-nitrogen ratio and gas flow rate, and typical production equipment is typically a two-stage tower reactor. While the direct fluorination method is relatively economical in the initial stages of production, it also has a high catalyst platinum-carbon depletion rate, and improper handling of excess fluorine gas recovery equipment can easily lead to secondary pollution.

[0070] The electrolytic fluorination method involves introducing a specific organic acid intermediate into a 40% hydrofluoric acid electrolyte and utilizing a specially constructed electrolytic cell. Key considerations include the selection of a polypropylene-tetrafluoroethylene diaphragm and anode current control. While environmentally friendly, this method also suffers from significant energy consumption issues, with current efficiencies typically hovering between 55% and 65%.

[0071] The free radical telomerization method utilizes the targeted fluorination of a full-carbon intermediate. Octafluorobutyryl peroxide is injected as an initiator into a multi-stage, circulating tubular reactor. The reaction window is precisely controlled within a temperature range of 60°C to 80°C, while maintaining a high pressure of 2.5 kg. The free radical telomerization method uses nano-zeolite molecular sieves instead of traditional activated nickel catalysts, reducing total phosphorus residues and extending sieve replacement cycles, thereby saving operating expenses.

[0072] Furthermore, after the perfluorohexanone is prepared, the perfluorohexanone can be encapsulated by using a complex coacervation method or a microfluidic technology.

[0073] The complex coacervation method can use materials such as gelatin and sodium polyphosphate as the core material, with perfluorohexanone as the core material. Microcapsules are formed through a crosslinking reaction at low temperatures (<45°C). The resulting perfluorohexanone microcapsules have a high encapsulation efficiency and excellent room-temperature storage stability. For example, perfluorohexanone microcapsules prepared using gelatin / sodium polyphosphate cross-linked phenolic resin as the core-shell material achieve an encapsulation efficiency of 82.27% and exhibit room-temperature storage stability exceeding one year.

[0074] Microfluidics technology can finely adjust capsule size and shell thickness by adjusting the flow rates of the mobile and dispersed phases. The process involves preparing perfluorohexanone microcapsules with a photosensitive resin core and shell using a coaxial needle. Using microfluidics to prepare perfluorohexanone microcapsules allows for precise control of the microcapsule preparation process, improving encapsulation efficiency and uniformity. For example, perfluorohexanone microcapsules prepared using microfluidics exhibited a deflagration temperature of approximately 110°C, an explosion time of 0.2 ms, and a mass loss of only 0.64% over 96 hours at 75°C.

[0075] In these embodiments of the present application, the preparation of the buffer component 22 can be carried out by evenly mixing the perfluorohexanone microcapsule particles prepared in the aforementioned steps with the base material of the buffer component 22, and forming the buffer component 22 of the desired shape through a molding process such as pressing and casting, and the formed buffer component 22 is dried, cured, etc. to improve the stability and fire extinguishing performance of the buffer component 22.

[0076] In some embodiments, the buffer 22 is made of at least one of polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyurethane foam, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer foam, rubber, silicone, polystyrene foam, polyvinyl chloride, air cushion film, honeycomb cardboard, fiber-reinforced composite material, sponge, bio-based foam, and nylon elastomer.

[0077] This design method can adapt to the feedback adjustment strategy of the clamping device 30, so that the buffer 22 can simply play a buffering role without the need for special research and development of the buffer 22, thereby reducing the material development cost of the buffer 22 and further improving the economic benefits of the vehicle 100.

[0078] In some embodiments, the frame 10 further includes a second beam 12 . The second beam 12 is disposed opposite to the first beam 11 along the second direction Y. The pressure assembly 32 is fixedly connected to the second beam 12 .

[0079] The second beam 12 is disposed opposite the first beam 11 along the second direction Y. In a possible embodiment, the first beam 11 is a crossbeam at one end of the frame 10 along the second direction Y, and the second beam 12 is a crossbeam at the other end of the frame 10 along the second direction Y. Alternatively, in some embodiments, a plurality of intermediate beams are disposed between two crossbeams of the frame 10 along the second direction Y. In this case, at least one of the first beam 11 and the second beam 12 can be the intermediate beam. The arrangement of the first beam 11 and the second beam 12 can be selected based on the power consumption requirements of the vehicle.

[0080] The case where the first beam 11 and the second beam 12 are vertical beams in the frame 10 is similar to the case where they are horizontal beams, and will not be described in detail here.

[0081] The pressure component 32 is fixedly connected to the second beam 12, which means that the pressure component 32 is integrated into the vehicle 100, thereby reducing the occupation of the structural space of the battery pack 20 by the pressure component 32, thereby allowing the battery pack 20 to have more space for setting the battery cells 21, thereby improving the energy density of the battery pack 20.

[0082] The pressure assembly 32 and the second beam 12 can be fixedly connected by welding, integral molding, or the like.

[0083] In some embodiments, the pressure assembly 32 includes an end plate 321 extending along the first direction X, and a pressing mechanism 322 connected between the end plate 321 and the second beam 12; the projection of the battery cell 21 along the second direction Y falls within the projection of the end plate 321 along the second direction Y.

[0084] The pressure assembly 32 includes an end plate 321 and a pressure mechanism 322. The end plate 321 is the component of the pressure assembly 32 that contacts the battery pack 20, while the pressure mechanism 322 is a device that applies pressure to the battery pack 20 through the end plate 321. In other words, the pressure mechanism 322 is used to generate pressure, and the end plate 321 is used to transmit the pressure generated by the pressure mechanism 322 to the battery pack 20.

[0085] The projection of the battery cell 21 along the second direction Y falls within the projection of the end plate 321 along the second direction Y, which means that in the second direction Y, the end plate 321 covers the battery cell 21 so that the end plate 321 can evenly transfer pressure to the surface of the battery cell 21 along the second direction Y.

[0086] The pressurizing mechanism 322 is connected between the end plate 321 and the second beam 12. This means that in these embodiments of the present application, the pressurizing mechanism 322 itself can change in size in the second direction Y, that is, the pressurizing mechanism 322 itself can be extended or shortened. In this case, one end of the pressurizing mechanism 322 is connected to the end plate 321, and the other end is connected to the second beam 12. The pressurizing mechanism 322 can then control the end plate 321 to apply or reduce pressure to the battery pack 20.

[0087] According to the vehicle 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the end plate 321 can be used to act on the surface of the battery cell 21 to increase the contact area between the pressure component 32 and the battery cell 21, thereby improving the uniformity of the pressure applied by the pressure component 32 on the battery pack 20, which is beneficial to improving the compression effect on the battery pack 20.

[0088] In some embodiments, there are multiple pressurizing mechanisms 322 , and at least some of the pressurizing mechanisms 322 are distributed along the first direction X.

[0089] That is, at least some of the pressurizing mechanisms 322 are distributed along the extension direction of the first beam 11 and the second beam 12. When the pressure component 32 is working, multiple pressurizing mechanisms 322 can be controlled to work synchronously to evenly apply pressure to the end plate 321, which can further improve the uniformity of the pressure applied by the pressure component 32 on the battery pack 20.

[0090] In some embodiments, a plurality of pressurizing mechanisms 322 may be uniformly distributed along the first direction X to further improve the uniformity of pressure distribution applied by the plurality of pressurizing mechanisms 322 on the end plate 321 .

[0091] In some embodiments, along the second direction Y, each battery cell 21 is slidably connected to the frame 10 .

[0092] In these embodiments of the present application, the battery cells 21 are all solid-state battery cells. Unlike liquid electrolyte batteries, solid-state battery cells expand more during cycling. Therefore, the battery cells 21 are difficult to secure in the receiving cavity 101 as is common with liquid electrolyte batteries.

[0093] Based on this, in these embodiments of the present application, by setting each battery cell 21 to be slidingly connected to the frame 10 along the second direction Y, each battery cell 21 can be displaced along the second direction Y during the cycle. This design method is adapted to the situation where the solid-state battery expands or shrinks a large amount during the cycle, so that the battery cell 21 can move along the second direction Y due to its own expansion or contraction during the cycle, thereby improving the reliability of the structure.

[0094] In some embodiments, the frame 10 further includes two third beams 13 , which are arranged along the second direction Y, and the two third beams 13 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first beam 11 and the second beam 12 along the second direction Y; the first beam 11 , the second beam 12 and the third beam 13 together form a accommodating cavity 101 .

[0095] The first beam 11, the second beam 12, and the third beam 13 collectively form the frame 10 structure, forming a circular rectangular frame. The first beam 11 and the second beam 12 are of the same type, and the third beam 13 is a beam structure of another type connecting the first beam 11 and the second beam 12. For example, the first beam 11 and the second beam 12 may be horizontal beams of the frame 10 or intermediate beams disposed opposite the horizontal beams along the second direction Y. The third beam 13 is a vertical beam connecting the first beam 11 and the second beam 12.

[0096] The first beam 11, the second beam 12 and the third beam 13 together enclose a receiving cavity 101. The first beam 11, the second beam 12 and the third beam 13 enclose a ring frame, and both ends of the receiving cavity 101 can be connected to the outside.

[0097] In some embodiments of the present application, the frame 10 may be configured to further include a floor and a cover, so as to respectively block the openings at both ends of the accommodating cavity 101 using the floor and the cover to improve the sealing of the accommodating cavity 101, thereby providing a sealed and stable working environment for the battery pack 20.

[0098] In some embodiments, the frame 10 further includes a plurality of displacement guides 14, which are arranged on one side of the third beam 13 close to the accommodating cavity 101, and at least some of the battery cells 21 are in contact with the displacement guides 14 on both sides along the first direction X; each displacement guide 14 can rotate along an axis parallel to the third direction Z, and the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z intersect with each other.

[0099] The displacement guide 14 is arranged on the side of the third beam 13 close to the accommodating cavity 101 for contacting each battery cell 21. At the same time, each displacement guide 14 can rotate along an axis parallel to the third direction Z, which can reduce the friction between the battery cell 21 and the third beam 13 in the second direction Y, thereby improving the convenience of the battery cell 21 in being displaced in the second direction Y during the cycle, which is adapted to the cyclic expansion of the solid-state battery cell.

[0100] At least some of the battery cells 21 are in contact with the displacement guide 14 on both sides along the first direction X, so that the friction between at least some of the battery cells 21 and the third beam 13 is reduced through the contact between the battery cells 21 and the displacement guide 14, so that when the battery cells 21 expand or contract along the second direction Y during the cycle, the battery pack 20 can more easily change size along the second direction Y, adapting to the working state of the solid-state battery, and further improving the reliability of the vehicle 100.

[0101] It should be noted that during the circulation of each battery cell 21, the battery pack 20 expands or contracts as a whole. In some embodiments, some battery cells 21 in the battery pack 20 can be arranged to contact the displacement guide 14, while other battery cells 21 on both sides of the first direction X may not be in contact with the beam structure. The clamping force of the clamping device 30 prevents the battery cells 21 from being offset in the second direction Y. At the same time, such a setting can further reduce the friction between the battery pack 20 and the frame 10.

[0102] In some embodiments, the displacement guide 14 includes a plurality of balls sequentially arranged along the third direction Z.

[0103] In these embodiments of the present application, a plurality of circular grooves can be sequentially arranged along the third direction Z on the surface of the third beam 13 close to the accommodating cavity 101. At this time, the displacement guide 14 can be placed in the circular groove by placing a ball-shaped displacement guide 14 into the circular groove, and controlling part of the structure of the displacement guide 14 to protrude from the opening of the circular groove, so that the displacement guide 14 can contact the battery cell 21.

[0104] The balls are arranged in sequence along the third direction Z to adapt to the size of the battery cell 21 in the third direction Z, so that each part of the battery cell 21 in the third direction Z can contact the displacement guide 14, further improving the reliability of the battery cell 21 in the second direction Y due to size changes.

[0105] In some embodiments, the displacement guide 14 may be a roller. Compared to a ball bearing, the roller is more convenient to install. During installation, it is only necessary to control the axial direction of the displacement guide 14 to be parallel to the third direction Z.

[0106] In these embodiments of the present application, the roller is in contact with the battery cell 21 , which has a simple structure and is easy to install, and is beneficial to improving the production and processing efficiency of the vehicle.

[0107] In some embodiments, along the second direction Y, the distance between adjacent displacement guide members 14 is L, and the thickness of the battery cell 21 is H, then L<H<2L.

[0108] When the battery cell 21 is displaced along the second direction Y due to expansion during cycling, in order to reduce the risk of the battery cell 21 falling between adjacent displacement guides 14 , the spacing L between adjacent displacement guides 14 and the thickness H of the battery cell 21 need to be limited.

[0109] When the battery cell 21 is in a stationary state, if the battery cell 21 contacts only one displacement guide 14 in the second direction Y, that is, when H is less than L, the battery cell 21 is likely to move in the first direction X during displacement in the second direction Y, thereby making it easy for the battery cell 21 to get stuck between adjacent displacement guides 14. Therefore, it is necessary to control the spacing L between adjacent displacement guides 14 to be less than the thickness H of the battery cell 21.

[0110] At the same time, when the battery cell 21 is in a static state, if the battery cell 21 can contact three displacement guides 14 at the same time in the second direction Y, that is, H>2L, the effect of preventing the battery cell 21 from being stuck between adjacent displacement guides 14 is not significantly improved. At the same time, the provision of more displacement guides 14 will undoubtedly increase the material usage and process time during vehicle production, thereby reducing the economic benefits of vehicle production.

[0111] Based on the above reasons, in these embodiments of the present application, L<H<2L can be set to improve the efficiency and economic effect of vehicle production while ensuring that the battery cells 21 will not be stuck between adjacent displacement guides 14.

[0112] According to the vehicle 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, by proportionally designing the spacing L between adjacent displacement guides 14 and the thickness dimension H of the battery cell 21, the battery cell 21 is not easily trapped between adjacent displacement guides 14 during the cycle process, thereby reducing the risk of battery cell 21 failure caused by the battery cell 21 being trapped; at the same time, the number of displacement guides 14 set can also be minimized, thereby improving the production efficiency of the vehicle 100 and reducing production costs.

[0113] For example, in some embodiments, the value of H may be set equal to 1.2L, 1.4L, 1.6L, or 1.8L.

[0114] In some embodiments, the displacement guide 14 is made of carbon fiber, polyurethane, or silicone rubber. By designing the displacement guide 14 to be made of the aforementioned lightweight materials, the weight of the vehicle 100 can be further reduced, thereby increasing the weight energy density of the battery pack 20.

[0115] In some embodiments, the battery cells 21 are solid-state batteries. The compression device 30 is used in conjunction with the frame 10 to compress the battery cells 21, thereby improving the tightness of the solid-solid contact interface in the battery cells 21 and effectively improving the cycle performance of the solid-state battery.

[0116] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 An embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle 100, which includes a frame 10, a battery pack 20 and a clamping device 30, wherein the frame 10 has a receiving cavity 101 and includes a first beam 11 arranged along a first direction X; the battery pack 20 is accommodated in the receiving cavity 101 and includes a plurality of battery cells 21, the plurality of battery cells 21 are stacked along a second direction Y, and a battery cell 21 located at one end in the second direction Y abuts against the first beam 11, and the second direction Y intersects with the first direction X; the clamping device 30 includes a pressure sensor 31 and a pressure assembly 32, the pressure sensor 31 and the pressure assembly 32 are communicatively connected, the pressure sensor 31 is arranged between at least one adjacent battery cell 21, and the pressure assembly 32 is arranged at one end of the battery pack 20 along the second direction Y away from the first beam 11.

[0117] The frame 10 further includes a second beam 12 arranged along the first direction X and two third beams 13 arranged along the second direction Y. The first beam 11 , the second beam 12 and the third beam 13 together form the aforementioned accommodating cavity 101 .

[0118] Multiple battery cells 21 are stacked along the second direction Y, and the two battery cells 21 at both ends of the displacement in the second direction Y are respectively aligned with the first beam 11 and the clamping device 30, so that the clamping device 30 can press the battery pack 20 against the first beam 11, so as to improve the tightness of the solid-solid connection interface between the electrode assembly and the electrolyte in each battery cell 21, thereby helping to improve the working efficiency of the battery pack 20.

[0119] The clamping device 30 includes a pressure sensor 31 and a pressure component 32. The pressure sensor 31 and the pressure component 32 are communicatively connected, which means that information can be transmitted between the pressure sensor 31 and the pressure component 32, so that the pressure component 32 can dynamically adjust the pressure applied to the battery pack 20 according to the pressure sensed by the pressure sensor 31, so that the battery pack 20 can maintain operation under appropriate external pressure, that is, maintain the good working efficiency of the solid-state battery, and also reduce the risk of damage to the battery pack 20 structure due to excessive external pressure.

[0120] The pressure sensor 31 is disposed between two battery cells 21 in the middle of the plurality of battery cells 21 to sense the pressure on the middle of the battery pack 20 and provide feedback to the pressure component 32 in real time.

[0121] In these embodiments of the present application, buffers 22 may be provided between adjacent battery cells 21, between a battery cell 21 and the first beam 11, and between a battery cell 21 and the pressure assembly 32. The provision of the buffers 22 can alleviate the stress between different components under pressure. The stress level applied when a battery cell 21 contacts an adjacent battery cell 21, when a battery cell 21 at an end contacts the first beam 11, or when a battery cell 21 at the other end contacts the pressure assembly 32 reduces the risk of damage to the battery cell 21 due to collisions, thereby improving the reliability of the battery pack 20.

[0122] The frame 10 further includes a plurality of displacement guides 14 , which are arranged on a side of the third beam 13 close to the accommodating cavity 101 ; each displacement guide 14 can rotate along an axis parallel to the third direction Z.

[0123] The displacement guide 14 is arranged on the side of the third beam 13 close to the accommodating cavity 101 for contacting each battery cell 21. At the same time, each displacement guide 14 can rotate along an axis parallel to the third direction Z, which can reduce the friction between the battery cell 21 and the third beam 13 in the second direction Y, thereby improving the convenience of the battery cell 21 in being displaced in the second direction Y during the cycle, which is adapted to the cyclic expansion of the solid-state battery cell.

[0124] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0125] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: a frame having a receiving cavity and comprising a first beam arranged along a first direction; a battery pack accommodated in the accommodation cavity and comprising a plurality of battery cells and microcapsule particles, wherein at least some of the battery cells are sequentially distributed along a second direction, and one of the battery cells located at one end of the second direction abuts against the first beam, and the microcapsule particles contain a fire extinguishing medium, and the second direction intersects the first direction; The pressing device includes a pressure sensor and a pressure assembly. The pressure sensor is communicatively connected to the pressure assembly. The pressure sensor is arranged between at least one adjacent battery cell. The pressure assembly is arranged at one end of the battery pack away from the first beam along the second direction.

2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery pack further includes a buffer disposed at least one of between two adjacent battery cells, between the battery cell and the first beam, and between the battery cell and the pressure assembly.

3. The vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that Along the second direction, the projection of the battery cell falls within the buffer.

4. The vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that The microcapsule particles are arranged in the buffer member; The fire extinguishing medium includes at least one of carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, nitrogen, and argon.

5. The vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that The buffer is made of at least one of polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, polyurethane foam, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer foam, rubber, silicone, polystyrene foam, polyvinyl chloride, air cushion film, honeycomb paperboard, fiber-reinforced composite material, sponge, bio-based foam, and nylon elastomer.

6. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: The frame further includes a second beam, which is arranged opposite to the first beam along the second direction, and the pressure assembly is fixedly connected to the second beam.

7. The vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that The pressure assembly includes an end plate extending along the first direction, and a pressure mechanism connected between the end plate and the second beam; A projection of the battery cell along the second direction falls within a projection of the end plate along the second direction.

8. The vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that There are multiple pressurizing mechanisms, and at least some of the pressurizing mechanisms are distributed along the first direction.

9. The vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that Along the second direction, each of the battery cells is slidably connected to the frame.

10. The vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that The frame further includes two third beams, the third beams are arranged along the second direction, and the two third beams are respectively connected to two ends of the first beam and the second beam along the second direction; The first beam, the second beam and the third beam together form the accommodating cavity.

11. The vehicle according to claim 10, characterized in that The frame further includes a plurality of displacement guides, the displacement guides being arranged on a side of the third beam close to the accommodation cavity, and at least part of the battery cells being in contact with the displacement guides on both sides along the first direction; Each of the displacement guide members can rotate along an axis parallel to a third direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction intersect with each other.

12. The vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that The displacement guide member includes a plurality of balls sequentially arranged along the third direction; and / or the displacement guide member is a roller.

13. The vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that Along the second direction, the distance between adjacent displacement guide members is L, and the thickness of the battery cell is H, then L<H<2L.

14. The vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that The displacement guide is made of carbon fiber, polyurethane or silicone rubber.

15. The vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that The battery cell is a solid-state battery.

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