Ultrasonic vibration coupling abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low-energy-consumption and low-carbon rock breaking, in particular to an ultrasonic vibration coupling abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device and method. In the rock breaking device, ultrasonic vibration energy is transmitted to a rock wall through a vibration rod, high-frequency vibration induces the rock wall to generate micro cracks, a jet flow nozzle emits high-speed abrasive jet flow to the rock wall with the micro cracks, and the vibration rod can further transmit certain ultrasonic vibration energy to the jet flow nozzle; the abrasive jet can be sprayed out from the jet nozzle by adding ultrasonic vibration energy; the coupling effect of abrasive jet and ultrasonic vibration energy is improved as much as possible, hard rocks are crushed into crushed rocks with multiple cracks by the rock breaking device, so that the heading machine further crushes the rocks, abrasion of cutters in a cutter head frame of the heading machine is reduced, the rock breaking efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the overall energy consumption of rock breaking can be reduced, and the rock breaking cost is reduced. The carbon emission is reduced, and a brand new technology coupling thought is provided for efficient rock breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of low-energy and low-carbon rock breaking, and in particular to a TBM rock breaking device and method assisted by ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet. Background Art

[0002] Rock breaking technology refers to the method of crushing or cracking rock, and is used in fields such as mineral resource mining, construction, and tunnel excavation. Currently, full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) operating in hard rock formations primarily rely on the rotating propulsion of cutters on the cutterhead to crush the rock through compression and shearing. However, when encountering high-strength hard rock during tunneling, rock breaking with cutters faces challenges such as rapidly accelerated cutter wear, frequent cutter replacement, significantly reduced excavation efficiency, high rock breaking energy consumption, and increased carbon emissions. Cutter wear not only directly increases construction costs, but frequent cutter changes consume significant time and carry significant risks, such as excavation face instability and tunnel collapse. Effectively reducing TBM cutter wear and improving rock breaking efficiency in hard rock conditions are key technical bottlenecks for achieving safe and efficient TBM excavation, reducing energy consumption, and lowering carbon emissions.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device and method to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions: An ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, which is arranged in a tunnel boring machine to assist in rock breaking, and includes an ultrasonic vibration system, an abrasive jet system and a recovery system; The ultrasonic vibration system includes at least an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, a horn and a vibrating rod; the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected to the transducer and is used to convert current into a high-frequency electrical signal; the transducer is used to convert the high-frequency electrical signal into mechanical vibration; the transducer is connected to the horn and is used to amplify the mechanical vibration output by the transducer; the vibrating rod is arranged at one end of the horn away from the transducer, and the end face of the vibrating rod is used to contact the rock wall to transmit the mechanical vibration energy amplified by the horn to the rock wall; The abrasive jet system includes at least a jet mechanism, a high-pressure pipeline, an abrasive tank and a jet nozzle. The jet mechanism is connected to the abrasive tank and the jet nozzle in sequence through the high-pressure pipeline. The jet nozzle is used to provide abrasive to the high-pressure pipeline. The jet mechanism is used to provide a jet medium to the high-pressure pipeline. The jet medium drives the abrasive to be ejected from the jet nozzle. The vibration rod is annular, the jet nozzle is located in the annular vibration rod, and the jet nozzle is in contact with the vibration rod; The recovery system is arranged between the cutter head and the abrasive tank of the tunnel boring machine and is used to recover the abrasive and transport it to the abrasive tank.

[0006] As described above, the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, preferably, the jet mechanism includes a first pipeline and a second pipeline arranged in parallel, and the first pipeline and the second pipeline are both connected to the high-pressure pipeline; The first pipeline is provided with a gas cylinder and an air compressor, the air compressor is connected to the gas cylinder and is used to provide high-pressure gas to the gas cylinder, the gas outlet of the gas cylinder is provided with a first valve, and the gas cylinder is connected to the first pipeline through the first valve; A water pump and a water tank are provided on the second pipeline. The water outlet of the water pump is connected to the second pipeline. The water inlet of the water pump is provided in the water tank. A second valve is provided on the second pipeline.

[0007] As described above, the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, preferably, the ultrasonic vibration system also includes a power distributor, a first transducer and a second transducer, the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected to the input end of the power distributor, and the first transducer and the second transducer are electrically connected in parallel to the output end of the power distributor.

[0008] As described above, the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, preferably, the ultrasonic vibration system further includes a first horn and a second horn; The first horn is fixedly connected to the first transducer, and a vibration rod is connected to a side of the first horn away from the first transducer; The second transducer and the second horn are both fixed on the jet nozzle.

[0009] As described above, the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, preferably, the ultrasonic vibration system further includes a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the cutterhead frame, the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the first transducer, and the first transducer, the first amplitude rod, the vibration rod and the jet nozzle are all fixed as a whole; When the rock breaking device is needed to assist in rock breaking, the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled to extend forward so that the vibrating rod abuts against the rock wall.

[0010] As described above, the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, preferably, the ultrasonic vibration system also includes a guide rail and a slide, the guide rail is fixed in the cutter head frame, and the guide rail extends axially along the cutter head frame; the slide slides along the guide rail, and the slide is fixedly connected to the first amplitude rod.

[0011] As described above, the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, preferably, the recovery system includes a first conveyor belt, a filter screen and a recovery bin; One end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the bottom end of the cutter head frame, and the other end is connected to the filter screen. The abrasive and broken rock falling into the cutter head frame enter the first conveyor belt, and the first conveyor belt transports the abrasive and broken rock samples to the filter screen. A recovery bin is set below the filter screen. The abrasive passes through the filter screen and falls into the recovery bin, and the broken rock samples remain above the filter screen.

[0012] As described above, in the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, preferably, a dryer is further provided between the first conveyor belt and the cutter head frame, and the dryer is used to dry the abrasive and the broken rock.

[0013] As described above, the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device is preferably provided with a discharge port at the bottom of the recovery bin, and a second conveyor belt is provided between the discharge port of the recovery bin and the abrasive tank, and the second conveyor belt is used to transport the abrasive in the recovery bin to the abrasive tank.

[0014] The present application also provides a TBM rock breaking method assisted by ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet, wherein the rock breaking method uses the above-mentioned ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, and the rock breaking method includes the following steps when performing assisted rock breaking: Step 1: The tunnel boring machine stops when it encounters hard rock; Step 2: Control the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder to extend forward so that the front end surface of the vibration rod contacts the rock wall; Step 3: Start the ultrasonic vibration system to transmit ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock wall through the vibration rod, so as to generate micro cracks in the rock wall; Step 4: an abrasive air jet mode or an abrasive water jet mode in the abrasive jet system; at this time, the abrasive jet system and the ultrasonic vibration system work simultaneously, and the ultrasonic vibration energy is coupled with the abrasive jet to improve the rock breaking efficiency; When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive air jet mode, the air compressor is started, the first valve is opened, and the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder enters the first pipeline, and the high-pressure gas in the first pipeline enters the high-pressure pipeline. At the same time, the valve at the abrasive tank outlet is opened, and the abrasive enters the high-pressure pipeline, so that the high-pressure gas pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline to be ejected from the jet nozzle; When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive water jet mode, the water pump is started, the second valve is opened, the water pump pressurizes the water in the water tank and delivers it to the second pipeline, the high-pressure water in the second pipeline enters the high-pressure pipeline, and at the same time the valve at the abrasive tank outlet is opened, allowing the abrasive to enter the high-pressure pipeline, so that the high-pressure water pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline to be ejected from the jet nozzle; Step 5: After the auxiliary rock breaking is completed, the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder is retracted; Step 6: The propulsion system of the tunnel boring machine pushes the cutterhead to dig and break the rock, and the recovery system recovers and recycles the abrasive.

[0015] Compared with the closest prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects: In this rock breaking device, ultrasonic vibration energy is transmitted to the rock wall through a vibrating rod, and high-frequency vibration induces microcracks in the rock wall. Then, a high-speed abrasive jet is emitted from a jet nozzle to the rock wall with microcracks. Since the jet nozzle is arranged in a ring-shaped vibrating rod, it not only maximizes the superposition effect of the abrasive jet and the ultrasonic vibration energy, but also the vibrating rod can transmit a certain amount of ultrasonic vibration energy to the jet nozzle, so that the abrasive jet can be attached with the ultrasonic vibration energy and ejected from the jet nozzle; in order to maximize the coupling effect of the abrasive jet and the ultrasonic vibration energy, the hard rock is broken into broken rock with more cracks by the rock breaking device, so that the tunnel boring machine can further break the rock, which not only reduces the wear of the tool in the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine, but also greatly improves the efficiency of rock breaking. At the same time, it can also achieve the effect of reducing the overall energy consumption of rock breaking and reducing carbon emissions, providing a new technical coupling idea for efficient rock breaking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings and descriptions that constitute part of this application are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of this application are intended to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. Among them: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a rock breaking device provided according to some embodiments of the present application installed in a tunnel boring machine; Figure 2 A partially enlarged view of a jet nozzle provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 This is a front view of a cutterhead frame of a roadheader provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0017] Description of reference numerals: 1. Jet nozzle; 2. Abrasive tank; 3. Air compressor; 4. Gas cylinder; 5. Hob; 6. Cutterhead; 7. Dryer; 8. First conveyor belt; 9. Filter; 10. Second conveyor belt; 11. Ultrasonic generator; 12. Power distributor; 13. Hydraulic cylinder; 14. First transducer; 15. First amplitude transformer; 16. Recovery bin; 17. Slide; 18. Guide rail; 19. High-pressure pipeline; 20. Water pump; 21. Water tank; 22. Second pipeline; 23. First valve; 24. Second valve; 25. First pipeline; 26. Pressure gauge; 27. Vibrating rod; 28. Propulsion system; 29. ​​Second transducer; 30. Second amplitude transformer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present application and does not limit the present application. In fact, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is expected that the present application includes such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0019] In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" involved are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. It is understandable that "first / second / third" can be interchanged with a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the art of the present disclosure. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0021] In the description of this application, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and do not require that this application must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on this application. The terms "connected", "connected", and "set" used in this application should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixed connections or detachable connections; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components; they can be wired electrical connections, radio connections, or wireless communication signal connections. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0022] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0023] According to the specific embodiments of this application, Figure 1-3 As shown, the present application provides an ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, which is arranged in a tunnel boring machine to assist in rock breaking. The rock breaking device includes an ultrasonic vibration system, an abrasive jet system and a recovery system.

[0024] The ultrasonic vibration system includes at least an ultrasonic generator 11, a transducer, a horn and a vibration rod 27; the ultrasonic generator 11 is electrically connected to the transducer for converting current into a high-frequency electrical signal; the transducer is used to convert the high-frequency electrical signal into mechanical vibration; the transducer is connected to the horn for amplifying the mechanical vibration output by the transducer; the vibration rod 27 is arranged at one end of the horn away from the transducer, and the end face of the vibration rod 27 is used to contact the rock wall to transmit the mechanical vibration energy amplified by the horn to the rock wall.

[0025] The abrasive jet system includes at least a jet mechanism, a high-pressure pipeline 19, an abrasive tank 2 and a jet nozzle 1. The jet mechanism connects the abrasive tank 2 and the jet nozzle 1 in sequence through the high-pressure pipeline 19. The jet nozzle 1 is used to provide abrasive to the high-pressure pipeline 19. The jet mechanism is used to provide a jet medium to the high-pressure pipeline 19. The jet medium drives the abrasive to be ejected from the jet nozzle 1. In this embodiment, a valve is provided at the discharge port of the abrasive tank 2. After the valve is opened, the abrasive in the abrasive tank 2 enters the high-pressure pipeline 19 through the discharge port.

[0026] The vibration rod 27 is annular, the jet nozzle 1 is located in the annular vibration rod 27 , and the jet nozzle 1 is in contact with the vibration rod 27 .

[0027] The recovery system is arranged between the cutter head 6 of the tunnel boring machine and the abrasive tank 2 , and is used to recover the abrasive and transport the abrasive to the abrasive tank 2 .

[0028] In the rock breaking device, ultrasonic vibration energy is transmitted to the rock wall through the vibration rod 27, and high-frequency vibration induces microcracks in the rock wall. Then, a high-speed abrasive jet is emitted from the jet nozzle 1 to the rock wall with microcracks. Since the jet nozzle 1 is arranged in the annular vibration rod 27, not only the superposition effect of the abrasive jet and the ultrasonic vibration energy is maximized, but the vibration rod 27 can also transmit a certain amount of ultrasonic vibration energy to the jet nozzle 1, so that the abrasive jet can be attached with the ultrasonic vibration energy and ejected from the jet nozzle 1; in order to maximize the coupling effect of the abrasive jet and the ultrasonic vibration energy, the hard rock is broken into broken rock with more cracks by the rock breaking device, so that the tunnel boring machine can further break the rock, which not only reduces the wear of the tool in the tunnel boring machine cutter head 6, but also greatly improves the efficiency of rock breaking. At the same time, it can also achieve the effect of reducing the overall energy consumption of rock breaking and reducing carbon emissions, providing a new technical coupling idea for efficient rock breaking.

[0029] The jet mechanism includes a first pipeline 25 and a second pipeline 22 arranged in parallel, and the first pipeline 25 and the second pipeline 22 are both connected to the high-pressure pipeline 19; a gas cylinder 4 and an air compressor 3 are provided on the first pipeline 25, and the air compressor 3 is connected to the gas cylinder 4 for providing high-pressure gas to the gas cylinder 4. The gas outlet of the gas cylinder 4 is provided with a first valve 23, and the gas cylinder 4 is connected to the first pipeline 25 through the first valve 23; in this embodiment, the gas source of the air compressor 3 can be air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases, which can be selected according to specific needs. The gas is compressed into high-pressure gas by the air compressor 3 and stored in the gas cylinder 4. When high-pressure gas is needed, the first valve 23 is opened to provide the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder 4 to the first pipeline 25.

[0030] A water pump 20 and a water tank 21 are provided on the second pipeline 22 . The water outlet of the water pump 20 is connected to the second pipeline 22 . The water inlet of the water pump 20 is provided in the water tank 21 . A second valve 24 is provided on the second pipeline 22 .

[0031] In this embodiment, the abrasive jet system may provide an abrasive air jet or an abrasive water jet.

[0032] When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive air jet mode, the air compressor 3 is started, and the first valve 23 is opened to allow the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder 4 to enter the first pipeline 25, and the high-pressure gas in the first pipeline 25 to enter the high-pressure pipeline 19. At the same time, the valve at the discharge port of the abrasive tank 2 is opened to allow the abrasive to enter the high-pressure pipeline 19, and the high-pressure gas pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline 19 to be ejected from the jet nozzle 1.

[0033] When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive water jet mode, the water pump 20 is started and the second valve 24 is opened. The water pump 20 pressurizes the water in the water tank 21 and transports it to the second pipeline 22. The high-pressure water in the second pipeline 22 enters the high-pressure pipeline 19. At the same time, the valve at the discharge port of the abrasive tank 2 is opened, allowing the abrasive to enter the high-pressure pipeline 19, and the high-pressure water pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline 19 to be ejected from the jet nozzle 1.

[0034] In this embodiment, a pressure gauge 26 is further provided on the high-pressure pipeline 19 downstream of the abrasive tank 2 . The pressure gauge 26 is used to monitor the pressure value of the high-pressure water in the high-pressure pipeline 19 .

[0035] The ultrasonic vibration system also includes a power distributor 12, a first transducer 14 and a second transducer 29. The ultrasonic generator 11 is electrically connected to the input end of the power distributor 12, and the first transducer 14 and the second transducer 29 are electrically connected in parallel to the output end of the power distributor 12.

[0036] In the embodiment, the power distributor 12 is electrically connected downstream of the ultrasonic wave generator 11, so that the power distributor 12 simultaneously distributes the high-frequency electric signal to the first transducer 14 and the second transducer 29, and the first transducer 14 and the second transducer 29 simultaneously convert the high-frequency electric signal into mechanical vibration energy, thereby improving the applicability of the ultrasonic vibration system.

[0037] The ultrasonic vibration system further comprises a first amplitude transformer 15 and a second amplitude transformer 30; the first amplitude transformer 15 is fixedly connected with the first transducer 14, and a vibration rod 27 is connected to a side of the first amplitude transformer 15 away from the first transducer 14; the second transducer 29 and the second amplitude transformer 30 are both fixed on the jet nozzle 1.

[0038] In the embodiment, the second transducer 29 and the second amplitude transformer 30 are both annular, and an annular groove is arranged on the jet nozzle 1; the annular second transducer 29 is sleeved in the annular groove of the jet nozzle 1, and the annular second amplitude transformer 30 is sleeved in the annular groove of the jet nozzle 1, thereby increasing the contact area of the second transducer 29, the second amplitude transformer 30 and the jet nozzle 1, and increasing the ultrasonic vibration energy transmission efficiency of the jet nozzle 1, so that the abrasive jet and the ultrasonic vibration energy have a better coupling effect.

[0039] When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive water jet mode, the water has better ultrasonic vibration conduction properties, so that the second transducer 29 and the second amplitude transformer 30 can more efficiently transmit the ultrasonic vibration energy to the abrasive water jet, so that the abrasive water jet and the ultrasonic vibration energy are efficiently coupled, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0040] The ultrasonic vibration system further comprises a hydraulic cylinder 13, a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is fixed on the cutter holder 6, and an extending end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is fixedly connected with the first transducer 14; the first transducer 14, the first amplitude transformer 15, the vibration rod 27 and the jet nozzle 1 are all fixed together.

[0041] When the rock breaking device is needed to assist in breaking rocks, the extending end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is extended forward, so that the vibration rod 27 abuts against the rock wall.

[0042] In the embodiment, the first transducer 14, the first amplitude transformer 15, the vibration rod 27 and the jet nozzle 1 are all fixed together, and a clearance hole is arranged on the cutter holder 6 at a position corresponding to the vibration rod 27, for allowing the vibration rod 27 to extend out of the cutter holder 6; the extending end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 moves in the axial direction of the cutter holder 6; when the rock breaking device is needed to assist in breaking rocks, the extending end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is extended forward, so that the vibration rod 27 extends out of the cutter holder 6 and the end of the vibration rod 27 abuts against the rock wall; after the auxiliary rock breaking operation is completed, the extending end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is retracted backward, so that the vibration rod 27 is retracted into the cutter holder 6, and then the cutter holder 6 is propelled by the propulsion system 28 of the tunneling machine to break rocks.

[0043] In this embodiment, the integrally fixed transducer, horn, vibrating rod 27, and jet nozzle 1 form a jet structure. Multiple jet structures are evenly distributed on the cutterhead frame 6 to achieve the most uniform and efficient rock breaking effect possible. Each jet structure is equipped with a corresponding set of hydraulic cylinders 13, guide rails 18, and slides 17 to facilitate the control of the jet structure's movement within the cutterhead frame 6.

[0044] The transducers, amplitude modulators, and vibration rods 27 in multiple jet structures can be connected in parallel to a group of ultrasonic generators 11 and power distributors 12, or a group of ultrasonic generators 11 and power distributors 12 can be set for each set of transducers, amplitude modulators, and vibration rods 27 in the jet structures; the jet nozzles 1 in multiple jet structures can be connected in parallel to a group of high-pressure pipelines 19 of an abrasive jet system, or a group of abrasive jet systems can be set for each jet nozzle 1.

[0045] The ultrasonic vibration system also includes a guide rail 18 and a slide 17 . The guide rail 18 is fixed in the cutter disc frame 6 and extends axially along the cutter disc frame 6 . The slide 17 slides along the guide rail 18 and is fixedly connected to the first amplitude rod 15 .

[0046] In this embodiment, since the entire jet structure of the first transducer 14, the first amplitude change rod 15, the vibration rod 27 and the jet nozzle 1 fixed as one is relatively long, a slide 17 is provided to support the first amplitude change rod 15, and the slide 17 slides along the guide rail 18 to make it easier for the jet structure to extend or retract in the cutter head frame 6.

[0047] The recovery system includes a first conveyor belt 8, a filter screen 9 and a recovery bin 16; one end of the first conveyor belt 8 is connected to the bottom end of the cutter head frame 6, and the other end is connected to the filter screen 9. The abrasive and broken rock falling into the cutter head frame 6 enter the first conveyor belt 8, and the first conveyor belt 8 transports the abrasive and broken rock samples to the filter screen 9. A recovery bin 16 is set below the filter screen 9. The abrasive passes through the filter screen 9 and falls into the recovery bin 16, and the broken rock samples remain above the filter screen 9.

[0048] In this embodiment, the cutter head frame 6 is connected to the recovery system. During the rock breaking process assisted by the rock breaking device, abrasives and broken rocks will be generated. When the tunnel boring machine moves forward, as the cutter head frame 6 moves forward, the abrasives and broken rocks will enter the cutter head frame 6, and then the abrasives and broken rocks will fall on the first conveyor belt 8. The abrasives and broken rock samples are sent into the filter screen 9 at the same time through the first conveyor belt 8. The filter screen 9 screens the abrasives and broken rock samples. The filter screen 9 only allows abrasive particles with a particle size smaller than the set value to pass through, so that the abrasive with a particle size that meets the set requirements enters the recovery bin 16, realizing the recovery of the abrasive, which is conducive to the reuse of the abrasive.

[0049] In this embodiment, the recovery system recycles the abrasives within the foreground range set by the tunnel boring machine only after the rock breaking device assists in rock breaking. When the abrasives recovered in the recovery system are lower than the set proportion value, the connection between the first conveyor belt 8 and the cutter head frame 6 in the recovery system is disconnected, and the cutter head frame 6 is connected to the material conveying system in the tunnel boring machine; so as to improve the recovery efficiency of the abrasives by the recovery system.

[0050] A dryer 7 is further provided between the first conveyor belt 8 and the cutterhead frame 6. Dryer 7 is used to dry the abrasive and crushed rock. In this embodiment, the abrasive and crushed rock sample pass through dryer 7 and fall onto the first conveyor belt 8. The dryer 7 dries the abrasive and crushed rock sample, ensuring that the abrasive is well dried.

[0051] A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the recovery bin 16. A second conveyor belt 10 is provided between the discharge port of the recovery bin 16 and the abrasive tank 2. The second conveyor belt 10 is used to transport the abrasive in the recovery bin 16 to the abrasive tank 2. In this embodiment, the abrasive in the recovery bin 16 falls from the discharge port onto the second conveyor belt 10, and is transported by the second conveyor belt 10 to achieve the recovery of the abrasive into the abrasive tank 2, thereby achieving the reuse of the abrasive.

[0052] The present application also provides a method for TBM rock breaking assisted by ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet, which uses the above-mentioned ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device. The rock breaking method includes the following steps when performing assisted rock breaking: Step 1: The tunnel boring machine stops when it encounters hard rock; Step 2: Control the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 to extend forward so that the front end surface of the vibration rod 27 contacts the rock wall; Step 3: Start the ultrasonic vibration system to transmit ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock wall through the vibration rod 27, so as to generate micro cracks in the rock wall; Step 4: an abrasive air jet mode or an abrasive water jet mode in the abrasive jet system; at this time, the abrasive jet system and the ultrasonic vibration system work simultaneously, and the ultrasonic vibration energy is coupled with the abrasive jet to improve the rock breaking efficiency; When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive air jet mode, the air compressor 3 is started, the first valve 23 is opened, and the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder 4 enters the first pipeline 25, and the high-pressure gas in the first pipeline 25 enters the high-pressure pipeline 19. At the same time, the valve at the discharge port of the abrasive tank 2 is opened, allowing the abrasive to enter the high-pressure pipeline 19, and the high-pressure gas pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline 19 to be ejected from the jet nozzle 1; When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive water jet mode, the water pump 20 is started, and the second valve 24 is opened. The water pump 20 pressurizes the water in the water tank 21 and delivers it to the second pipeline 22. The high-pressure water in the second pipeline 22 enters the high-pressure pipeline 19. At the same time, the valve at the discharge port of the abrasive tank 2 is opened, allowing the abrasive to enter the high-pressure pipeline 19. The high-pressure water pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline 19 to be ejected from the jet nozzle 1. Step 5: After the auxiliary rock breaking is completed, the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is retracted; Step 6: The propulsion system 28 of the tunnel boring machine pushes the cutterhead 6 to advance, and the roller cutters 5 on the cutterhead 6 break the rock; at the same time, the recovery system recovers and recycles the abrasive.

[0053] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, characterized in that: The rock breaking device is arranged in the tunnel boring machine to assist in rock breaking, and the rock breaking device includes an ultrasonic vibration system, an abrasive jet system and a recovery system; The ultrasonic vibration system includes at least an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, a horn and a vibrating rod; the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected to the transducer and is used to convert current into a high-frequency electrical signal; the transducer is used to convert the high-frequency electrical signal into mechanical vibration; the transducer is connected to the horn and is used to amplify the mechanical vibration output by the transducer; the vibrating rod is arranged at one end of the horn away from the transducer, and the end face of the vibrating rod is used to contact the rock wall to transmit the mechanical vibration energy amplified by the horn to the rock wall; The abrasive jet system includes at least a jet mechanism, a high-pressure pipeline, an abrasive tank and a jet nozzle. The jet mechanism is connected to the abrasive tank and the jet nozzle in sequence through the high-pressure pipeline. The jet nozzle is used to provide abrasive to the high-pressure pipeline. The jet mechanism is used to provide a jet medium to the high-pressure pipeline. The jet medium drives the abrasive to be ejected from the jet nozzle. The vibration rod is annular, the jet nozzle is located in the annular vibration rod, and the jet nozzle is in contact with the vibration rod; The recovery system is arranged between the cutter head and the abrasive tank of the tunnel boring machine and is used to recover the abrasive and transport it to the abrasive tank.

2. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet mechanism includes a first pipeline and a second pipeline arranged in parallel, and the first pipeline and the second pipeline are both connected to the high-pressure pipeline; The first pipeline is provided with a gas cylinder and an air compressor, the air compressor is connected to the gas cylinder and is used to provide high-pressure gas to the gas cylinder, the gas outlet of the gas cylinder is provided with a first valve, and the gas cylinder is connected to the first pipeline through the first valve; A water pump and a water tank are provided on the second pipeline. The water outlet of the water pump is connected to the second pipeline. The water inlet of the water pump is provided in the water tank. A second valve is provided on the second pipeline.

3. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration system also includes a power distributor, a first transducer and a second transducer. The ultrasonic generator is electrically connected to the input end of the power distributor, and the first transducer and the second transducer are electrically connected in parallel to the output end of the power distributor.

4. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration system further includes a first horn and a second horn; The first horn is fixedly connected to the first transducer, and a vibration rod is connected to a side of the first horn away from the first transducer; The second transducer and the second horn are both fixed on the jet nozzle.

5. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration system further includes a hydraulic cylinder, a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the cutter head frame, an extended end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the first transducer, and the first transducer, the first amplitude rod, the vibration rod and the jet nozzle are all fixed as a whole; When the rock breaking device is needed to assist in rock breaking, the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled to extend forward so that the vibrating rod abuts against the rock wall.

6. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration system further includes a guide rail and a slide seat. The guide rail is fixed in the cutter head frame and extends axially along the cutter head frame. The slide seat slides along the guide rail and is fixedly connected to the first amplitude rod.

7. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The recovery system includes a first conveyor belt, a filter screen and a recovery bin; One end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the bottom end of the cutter head frame, and the other end is connected to the filter screen. The abrasive and broken rock falling into the cutter head frame enter the first conveyor belt, and the first conveyor belt transports the abrasive and broken rock samples to the filter screen. A recovery bin is set below the filter screen. The abrasive passes through the filter screen and falls into the recovery bin, and the broken rock samples remain above the filter screen.

8. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A dryer is also provided between the first conveyor belt and the cutter head frame, and the dryer is used to dry the abrasive and the broken rock.

9. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the recovery bin, and a second conveyor belt is provided between the discharge port of the recovery bin and the abrasive tank. The second conveyor belt is used to transport the abrasive in the recovery bin to the abrasive tank.

10. A method for TBM rock breaking assisted by ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet, characterized in that: The rock breaking method uses the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 9, and the rock breaking method includes the following steps when performing assisted rock breaking: Step 1: The tunnel boring machine stops when it encounters hard rock; Step 2: Control the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder to extend forward so that the front end surface of the vibration rod contacts the rock wall; Step 3: Start the ultrasonic vibration system to transmit ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock wall through the vibration rod, so as to generate micro cracks in the rock wall; Step 4: an abrasive air jet mode or an abrasive water jet mode in the abrasive jet system; at this time, the abrasive jet system and the ultrasonic vibration system work simultaneously, and the ultrasonic vibration energy is coupled with the abrasive jet to improve the rock breaking efficiency; When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive air jet mode, the air compressor is started, the first valve is opened, and the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder enters the first pipeline, and the high-pressure gas in the first pipeline enters the high-pressure pipeline. At the same time, the valve at the abrasive tank outlet is opened, and the abrasive enters the high-pressure pipeline, so that the high-pressure gas pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline to be ejected from the jet nozzle; When the abrasive jet system is in the abrasive water jet mode, the water pump is started, the second valve is opened, the water pump pressurizes the water in the water tank and delivers it to the second pipeline, the high-pressure water in the second pipeline enters the high-pressure pipeline, and at the same time the valve at the abrasive tank outlet is opened, allowing the abrasive to enter the high-pressure pipeline, so that the high-pressure water pushes the abrasive in the high-pressure pipeline to be ejected from the jet nozzle; Step 5: After the auxiliary rock breaking is completed, the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder is retracted; Step 6: The propulsion system of the tunnel boring machine pushes the cutterhead to dig and break the rock, and the recovery system recovers and recycles the abrasive.

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