Damping supporting structure, tunnel segment and lining structure construction method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and discloses a damping supporting structure, a tunnel segment and a lining structure construction method. The damping supporting structure comprises a flexible waterproof plate and a plurality of supporting pieces, the flexible waterproof plate can expand when meeting water and can be attached to the outer wall of the duct piece, the projection of the outer contour of the flexible waterproof plate in the preset direction can coincide with the projection of the outer contour of the outer wall of the duct piece in the preset direction, and the preset direction is the radial direction of the outer wall of the duct piece; the flexible waterproof plate has a mounting state capable of being separated from the surrounding rock and a supporting state capable of being in contact with the surrounding rock; the multiple supporting pieces are arranged on the flexible waterproof plate and can make contact with or be in clearance fit with surrounding rock, in the installation state, the supporting pieces are arranged in a protruding mode relative to the flexible waterproof plate, and in the supporting state, the supporting pieces are embedded in the flexible waterproof plate. According to the damping supporting structure, the structural stability of the tunnel segment is guaranteed, the construction efficiency of the tunnel segment is improved, and the construction cost of the tunnel segment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a shock-absorbing support structure, a tunnel segment and a lining structure construction method. Background Art

[0002] During shield tunneling and TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) construction, segment assembly is a critical component of the permanent support structure. The quality of the gaps between the segment and the surrounding rock is directly related to the overall stability of the tunnel. Grouting is currently the most common method of filling the gaps. However, in special geological conditions such as water-rich active fault zones, the surrounding rock must be excavated and a shock-absorbing layer installed before grouting. Existing shock-absorbing layers are typically constructed of foamed concrete or polyurethane materials to effectively attenuate the direct effects of seismic loads on the tunnel structure.

[0003] However, existing technologies face many technical difficulties in practical application: First, the high water absorption of the surrounding rock in water-rich strata can easily lead to segregation and stratification of foam concrete, resulting in defects in forming quality and a long setting time, which seriously affects tunneling efficiency. Second, the strength of polyurethane materials is relatively low, making it difficult to withstand large stresses when the active fault zone shifts and deforms. At the same time, a water-rich environment will accelerate the hydrolysis and aging process of polyurethane materials, further weakening their mechanical properties, which may eventually cause the segments to shift or even structurally fail. In addition, the existing technology generally uses a circumferential full-section grouting process during the grouting process. On the one hand, this process requires the provision of dense grouting holes on the segments, which undermines the integrity of the segment structure. On the other hand, it is easy to form penetrating water seepage channels, seriously affecting the waterproof performance of the tunnel lining.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a shock-absorbing support structure, a tunnel segment and a lining structure construction method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shock-absorbing support structure, a tunnel segment and a lining structure construction method, which can fill the gap between the tunnel segment and the surrounding rock, can adapt to the creep or sudden displacement of water-rich environments and active fault zones, ensure the structural stability of the tunnel segment, improve the construction efficiency of the tunnel segment, and reduce the construction cost of the tunnel segment.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, a shock-absorbing support structure is provided, which can be installed between the outer wall of a segment and the surrounding rock, and the shock-absorbing support structure includes:

[0008] The flexible waterproof sheet can expand when exposed to water. One side of the flexible waterproof sheet can be in contact with the outer wall of the pipe segment, and the distance between the other side and the surrounding rock can be adjusted. The projection of the outer contour of the flexible waterproof sheet in a preset direction can coincide with the projection of the outer contour of the outer wall of the pipe segment in the preset direction. The preset direction is the radial direction of the outer wall of the pipe segment. The flexible waterproof sheet has an installed state and a supported state. In the installed state, the other side of the flexible waterproof sheet can be separated from the surrounding rock. In the supported state, the other side of the flexible waterproof sheet can be in contact with the surrounding rock.

[0009] Multiple support members are arranged on the flexible waterproof board. The support members can contact or fit with the surrounding rock. When in the installed state, the support members are protruding relative to the flexible waterproof board. When in the supporting state, the support members are buried in the flexible waterproof board.

[0010] Optionally, the flexible waterproof board is provided with mounting grooves or mounting holes corresponding to multiple support members one by one, and the support members are arranged in the corresponding mounting grooves or mounting holes. When in the installed state, the depth of the mounting grooves or mounting holes is less than the height of the support members. When in the supported state, the depth of the mounting grooves or mounting holes is not less than the height of the support members.

[0011] Optionally, the cross-sectional width of the support member gradually increases from the side close to the surrounding rock to the side close to the flexible waterproof board.

[0012] Optionally, an adhesive layer is provided on the side of the flexible waterproof sheet facing the outer wall of the tube segment, and the flexible waterproof sheet can be bonded to the outer wall of the tube segment through the adhesive layer.

[0013] Optionally, the flexible waterproof board is a board structure made of water-swelling rubber.

[0014] Optionally, the support member is a block structure made of hard rubber or concrete.

[0015] Secondly, a tunnel segment is provided, comprising a segment body and the above-mentioned shock-absorbing support structure. The outer wall of the segment is the wall of the segment body facing the surrounding rock. The flexible waterproof plate of the shock-absorbing support structure is in contact with the outer wall of the segment. A plurality of grouting holes are provided on the segment body, and slurry for reinforcement and sealing can be injected into the gap between the segment body and the surrounding rock through the grouting holes.

[0016] Optionally, the tunnel segment further includes blocking pieces corresponding to the multiple grouting holes, and the blocking pieces can block the corresponding grouting holes.

[0017] In a third aspect, a lining structure construction method is provided, which is applicable to the construction of the above-mentioned tunnel segments and comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Produce multiple segment bodies and install flexible waterproof panels on each segment body.

[0019] S2. Assembling multiple segments to form a lining structure. At this point, the flexible waterproof sheet is in the installed state, and the surrounding rock deforms from a gap fit with the support to contact with the support.

[0020] S3: The flexible waterproof board expands under the action of groundwater, and the distance between the other side of the flexible waterproof board and the surrounding rock decreases. After a preset time, the flexible waterproof board switches to the supporting state;

[0021] S4. Open the grouting holes at the weak positions of the lining structure and inject slurry into the opened grouting holes.

[0022] Optionally, the following steps are further included before step S1:

[0023] S0. Determine the width of the gap between the tunnel segment and the surrounding rock, and determine the height of the support and the thickness of the flexible waterproof sheet before and after expansion based on the width.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention provides a shock-absorbing support structure, a tunnel segment, and a lining structure construction method. The flexible waterproof sheet expands when exposed to water. After the tunnel segments are assembled, the flexible waterproof sheet expands under the action of groundwater until it contacts the surrounding rock, thereby filling the gap between the tunnel segment and the surrounding rock. At this time, the flexible waterproof sheet can play a certain supporting role between the segment body and the surrounding rock, helping to ensure the structural stability of the tunnel segment. Moreover, the flexible waterproof sheet is flexible and waterproof, so that when in a supported state, the flexible waterproof sheet can not only prevent groundwater from entering between the surrounding rock and the segment body to adapt to a water-rich environment, but also buffer energy consumption through flexible deformation and adapt to creep or sudden displacement of active fault zones, helping to further improve the stability of the tunnel lining structure. In the supported state, even if the flexible waterproof sheet undergoes significant deformation, the support members embedded in the flexible waterproof sheet can still provide support, effectively reducing the displacement of the active fault zones on the tunnel segment. The flexible waterproof sheet conforms to the outer wall of the segment, and the projection of its outer contour in a preset direction coincides with the projection of the outer contour of the segment in that direction. This means the flexible waterproof sheet fully covers the outer wall of the segment, ensuring that the entire cross-section of the segment is protected by the sheet. This ensures uniform stress and waterproofing across the entire cross-section of the tunnel segment, further improving structural stability. The support members can either contact or have a clearance fit with the surrounding rock. This allows for temporary support when the flexible waterproof sheet is not in contact during installation. The tunnel boring machine can advance without waiting for the flexible waterproof sheet to expand, ensuring the stability of the installed tunnel segment and improving construction efficiency. Because the surrounding rock deforms to a certain extent after excavation, the support members have a clearance fit with the surrounding rock when the tunnel segment is first assembled. This gap provides space for deformation. Once the surrounding rock has deformed to a certain extent, it will contact the support members, at which point the support members can effectively support the segment body and the surrounding rock.

[0026] During the tunnel segment production phase, the flexible waterproof sheet is connected to the main segment, significantly reducing the number of construction steps required during the subsequent segment assembly phase. This helps improve segment construction efficiency and reduce segment construction costs. Compared to existing technologies, the lining structure construction method provided by this invention eliminates the need for full-section circumferential grouting of the lining structure. Instead, grouting holes at weak locations need only be opened for localized supplemental grouting, while grouting holes at other locations remain closed. This significantly reduces damage to the overall tunnel segment structure and improves the waterproof performance of the tunnel lining structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the shock-absorbing support structure provided by the present invention being installed on a segment body;

[0028] Figure 2A cross-sectional view of the flexible waterproof sheet of the shock-absorbing support structure provided by the present invention in an installed state;

[0029] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the flexible waterproof plate of the shock-absorbing support structure provided by the present invention in a supporting state;

[0030] Figure 4 A first cross-sectional view of the assembled tunnel segments provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 A second cross-sectional view of the assembled tunnel segments provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 The present invention provides a flow chart of the lining structure construction method.

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 100. Tunnel segment; 101. Shock-absorbing support structure; 1011. Flexible waterproof board; 1021. Support member; 102. Segment body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only illustrate portions relevant to the present invention, not all structures.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific circumstances.

[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0038] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," and other orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for ease of description and simplified operation. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive purposes and have no special meanings.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a shock-absorbing support structure 101, which can fill the gap between the tunnel segment 100 and the surrounding rock, can adapt to the creep or sudden displacement of the water-rich environment and the active fault zone, ensure the structural stability of the tunnel segment 100, improve the construction efficiency of the tunnel segment 100, and reduce the construction cost of the tunnel segment 100.

[0041] See Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 The shock-absorbing support structure 101 can be installed between the outer wall of the pipe segment and the surrounding rock, and includes a flexible waterproof plate 1011 and a plurality of support members 1021. The flexible waterproof plate 1011 can expand when exposed to water. One side of the flexible waterproof plate 1011 can fit the outer wall of the pipe segment, and the distance between the other side and the surrounding rock is adjustable. The projection of the outer contour of the flexible waterproof plate 1011 in a preset direction can coincide with the projection of the outer contour of the outer wall of the pipe segment in a preset direction, and the preset direction is the radial direction of the outer wall of the pipe segment. The flexible waterproof plate 1011 has an installed state and a supported state. In the installed state, the other side of the flexible waterproof plate 1011 can be separated from the surrounding rock. In the supported state, the other side of the flexible waterproof plate 1011 can contact the surrounding rock. A plurality of support members 1021 are arranged on the flexible waterproof plate 1011. The support members 1021 can contact or fit with the surrounding rock. In the installed state, the support members 1021 are protruding relative to the flexible waterproof plate 1011. In the supported state, the support members 1021 are buried in the flexible waterproof plate 1011.

[0042] The shock-absorbing support structure 101 provided in this embodiment has a flexible waterproof sheet 1011 that expands when exposed to water. Once the tunnel segments 100 are assembled, the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 expands under the action of groundwater until it contacts the surrounding rock, thereby filling the gap between the tunnel segments 100 and the surrounding rock. At this point, the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 provides a certain degree of support between the segment body 102 of the tunnel segment 100 and the surrounding rock, helping to ensure the structural stability of the tunnel segment 100. Furthermore, the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 is flexible and waterproof, allowing it to not only prevent groundwater from entering between the surrounding rock and the segment body 102 when in a supporting state, thereby adapting to water-rich environments, but also buffering energy dissipation through flexible deformation and adapting to creep or sudden displacement of active fault zones, thereby further improving the stability of the tunnel lining structure. In the supported state, even if the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 undergoes significant deformation, the support members 1021 embedded within the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 can still provide support, effectively reducing the displacement of the active fracture zone experienced by the tunnel segment 100. The flexible waterproof sheet 1011 can conform to the outer wall of the segment, and the projection of its outer contour in a predetermined direction can coincide with the projection of the outer contour of the segment outer wall in a predetermined direction. In other words, the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 can fully cover the outer wall of the segment, ensuring that the entire cross-section of the segment body 102 is protected by the flexible waterproof sheet 1011. This ensures uniform stress and waterproofing across the entire cross-section of the tunnel segment 100, further improving structural stability. The support members 1021 can contact or provide a clearance fit with the surrounding rock. When the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 is not in contact with the surrounding rock during installation, the support members 1021 can provide temporary support. The tunnel boring machine can advance without waiting for the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 to expand. This not only ensures the stability of the installed tunnel segment 100 but also helps improve construction efficiency. Because the surrounding rock will undergo certain deformation after expansion, when the tunnel segment 100 is just assembled, the gap between the support 1021 and the surrounding rock is matched, and this gap can provide a certain space for the deformation of the surrounding rock; after the surrounding rock is deformed to a certain extent, the surrounding rock will contact the support 1021, and at this time the support 1021 can provide effective support between the segment body 102 and the surrounding rock.

[0043] In this embodiment, the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 is constructed from water-swelling rubber. Water-swelling rubber is a functional material formed by combining a hydrophilic component (such as sodium polyacrylate or a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer) with a rubber matrix (such as chloroprene rubber or natural rubber) through physical blending or chemical grafting. Its core principle is that when water molecules contact the material, the hydrophilic groups absorb water through hydrogen bonding, creating an osmotic pressure difference that drives the rubber to expand and simultaneously generates contact pressure, achieving a watertight seal.

[0044] Specifically, the water-swellable rubber exhibits a tensile strength of no less than 2 MPa under repeated water immersion, exceeding the design tensile strength of the segment body 102 made of C50 concrete. The water-swellable rubber also exhibits an elongation at break of no less than 250%, significantly exceeding the ultimate strain of concrete. Therefore, the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 effectively absorbs the impact of displacement within the active fault zone, protecting the segment body 102 from direct impact from the fault.

[0045] For example, see Figure 1 , the flexible waterproof board 1011 is a curved board.

[0046] In this embodiment, the support member 1021 is a block structure made of hard rubber or concrete. Both hard rubber and concrete have high hardness and strength, as well as a certain degree of wear resistance, thus ensuring that the support member 1021 can be stably supported between the surrounding rock and the outer wall of the segment when installed.

[0047] For example, a plurality of support members 1021 are arranged in a matrix on the flexible waterproof plate 1011 , which helps to ensure uniformity of the support force between the surrounding rock and the segment body 102 .

[0048] Optionally, the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 is provided with mounting grooves or mounting holes corresponding one-to-one with the plurality of support members 1021. The support members 1021 are disposed in the corresponding mounting grooves or mounting holes. In the installed state, the depth of the mounting grooves or mounting holes is less than the height of the support members 1021, allowing the support members 1021 to protrude relative to the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 to provide support. In the supporting state, the depth of the mounting grooves or mounting holes is not less than the height of the support members 1021, allowing the support members 1021 to be buried in the flexible waterproof sheet 1011, ensuring that the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 is in contact with the surrounding rock and serves as the primary support component. Furthermore, after the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 expands in water, the groove walls of the mounting grooves or the hole walls of the mounting holes can be in close contact with the support members 1021, helping to prevent groundwater from entering the mounting grooves or holes.

[0049] Exemplarily, the notch of the installation groove is opened toward the side facing away from the outer wall of the tube segment.

[0050] In this embodiment, a mounting groove is provided on the flexible waterproof board 1011, and the surface of the support member 1021 away from the surrounding rock is in contact with the wall of the mounting groove; in other embodiments, a mounting hole is provided on the flexible waterproof board 1011, and the surface of the support member 1021 away from the surrounding rock is flush with the board surface of the flexible waterproof board 1011 in contact with the outer wall of the pipe segment to prevent groundwater from entering the mounting hole.

[0051] Optionally, see Figure 1The cross-sectional width of the support member 1021 gradually increases from the side close to the surrounding rock to the side close to the flexible waterproof sheet 1011. This arrangement allows the axial pressure on the support member 1021 to be decomposed into a force along the surface of the flexible waterproof sheet 1011, thereby dispersing the pressure and reducing the risk of stress concentration.

[0052] Specifically, see Figure 1 The support member 1021 is a wedge-shaped structure, and the side surface of the support member 1021 is an inclined surface.

[0053] Optionally, an adhesive layer is provided on the side of the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 facing the outer wall of the pipe segment, and the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 can be bonded to the outer wall of the pipe segment through the adhesive layer. This configuration allows the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 to be quickly connected to the outer wall of the pipe segment, helping to improve construction efficiency.

[0054] Illustratively, the material of the adhesive layer includes but is not limited to chloroprene-phenolic adhesive or one-component chloroprene adhesive.

[0055] Optionally, the flexible waterproof board 1011 includes multiple board bodies, and the multiple board bodies are spliced ​​together to form the flexible waterproof board 1011.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a tunnel segment 100, including a segment body 102 and a shock-absorbing support structure 101 of Example 1. The outer wall of the segment is the wall of the segment body 102 facing the surrounding rock. The flexible waterproof plate 1011 of the shock-absorbing support structure 101 is in contact with the outer wall of the segment. A plurality of grouting holes are provided on the segment body 102, and the slurry used for reinforcement and sealing can be injected into the gap between the segment body 102 and the surrounding rock through the grouting holes.

[0058] In this embodiment, the tunnel segment 100 also includes plugging members corresponding to the multiple grouting holes. These plugging members can seal the corresponding grouting holes. Grouting holes that do not require grouting or have already been grouted can simply be sealed with the plugging members, thereby improving the structural integrity of the segment body 102.

[0059] Exemplarily, the plugging member is made of a cement-based material and is cast to plug the grouting hole.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a lining structure construction method, which is applicable to the construction of the tunnel segment 100 of the second embodiment, and includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. Produce multiple segment bodies 102 and simultaneously install flexible waterproof sheets 1011 on each segment body 102. Connecting the flexible waterproof sheets 1011 to the segment bodies 102 during the production phase of the tunnel segment 100 significantly reduces the number of construction steps required for subsequent assembly of the segment bodies 102, thereby improving the construction efficiency and reducing the construction cost of the tunnel segment 100.

[0063] Specifically, while the segment body 102 is being produced, the support member 1021 is installed on the flexible waterproof plate 1011 ; after the segment body 102 is manufactured and formed, the flexible waterproof plate 1011 is adhered to the segment body 102 using an adhesive layer.

[0064] In this embodiment, the following steps are further included before step S1:

[0065] S0. Determine the width of the gap between the outer wall of the segment and the surrounding rock, and determine the height of the support member 1021 and the thickness of the flexible waterproof board 1011 before and after expansion based on the width, so as to ensure that the support member 1021 can play a supporting role before the flexible waterproof board 1011 expands, and ensure that the flexible waterproof board 1011 can contact the surrounding rock and play a supporting role after the flexible waterproof board 1011 expands.

[0066] For example, the annular gap between the surrounding rock and the tunnel segment 100 is generally 15cm to 20cm. The thickness of the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 is in the range of 5cm to 20cm. If the thickness of the flexible waterproof sheet 1011 is too small, it cannot play a shock-absorbing role in absorbing fault displacement. If it is too thick, it will exert additional expansion pressure on the segment body 102 after expansion, and will also affect the expansion of the surrounding rock by the tunnel boring machine. The height of the support member 1021 is in the range of 2cm to 15cm, and is determined by the deformation of the surrounding rock after excavation and the width of the gap between the surrounding rock and the segment body 102. If the height of the support member 1021 is too large, it will not provide space for the deformation of the surrounding rock after excavation and unloading; if the height of the support member 1021 is too small, it will not play an effective supporting role when installed.

[0067] S2. Assemble multiple segment bodies 102 to form a lining structure. At this time, the flexible waterproof board 1011 is in the installation state, and the surrounding rock is deformed from a clearance fit with the support member 1021 to contact with the support member 1021.

[0068] Specifically, during the process of assembling the segment body 102 , the surrounding rock will undergo unloading deformation, so that the surrounding rock can be deformed from a clearance fit with the support member 1021 to a contact with the support member 1021 .

[0069] S3. The flexible waterproof board 1011 expands under the action of groundwater, and the distance between the other side of the flexible waterproof board 1011 and the surrounding rock decreases. After a preset time, the flexible waterproof board 1011 switches to a supporting state.

[0070] For example, in a water-rich environment, the preset time is 16 hours to 72 hours.

[0071] S4. Open the grouting holes at the weak positions of the lining structure and inject slurry into the opened grouting holes to strengthen the weak positions.

[0072] Compared with the prior art, by using the lining structure construction method provided in this embodiment, there is no need to perform circumferential full-section grouting on the lining structure. It is only necessary to open the grouting holes at the weak positions for local supplementary grouting, and the grouting holes at other positions are kept closed. This significantly reduces the damage to the overall structure of the tunnel segment 100 and improves the waterproof performance of the tunnel lining structure.

[0073] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. A person skilled in the art would be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shock-absorbing support structure, characterized in that: The shock-absorbing support structure (101) can be installed between the outer wall of the segment and the surrounding rock, and comprises: A flexible waterproof plate (1011) is capable of swelling when exposed to water, one side of the flexible waterproof plate (1011) is capable of being in contact with the outer wall of the pipe segment, and the distance between the other side and the surrounding rock is adjustable, and the projection of the outer contour of the flexible waterproof plate (1011) in a preset direction is capable of coinciding with the projection of the outer contour of the outer wall of the pipe segment in the preset direction, wherein the preset direction is the radial direction of the outer wall of the pipe segment; the flexible waterproof plate (1011) has an installed state and a supported state, wherein in the installed state, the other side of the flexible waterproof plate (1011) is capable of being separated from the surrounding rock, and in the supported state, the other side of the flexible waterproof plate (1011) is capable of being in contact with the surrounding rock; A plurality of support members (1021) are provided on the flexible waterproof board (1011), and the support members (1021) can be in contact with or fit in clearance with the surrounding rock; in the installed state, the support members (1021) are protruding relative to the flexible waterproof board (1011); in the supported state, the support members (1021) are buried in the flexible waterproof board (1011).

2. The shock-absorbing support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible waterproof plate (1011) is provided with mounting grooves or mounting holes corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of support members (1021), and the support members (1021) are arranged in the corresponding mounting grooves or mounting holes. In the installed state, the depth of the mounting grooves or mounting holes is less than the height of the support members (1021), and in the supported state, the depth of the mounting grooves or mounting holes is not less than the height of the support members (1021).

3. The shock-absorbing support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional width of the support member (1021) gradually increases from the side close to the surrounding rock to the side close to the flexible waterproof plate (1011).

4. The shock-absorbing support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible waterproof plate (1011) is provided with an adhesive layer on the side facing the outer wall of the tube segment, and the flexible waterproof plate (1011) can be bonded to the outer wall of the tube segment through the adhesive layer.

5. The shock-absorbing support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The flexible waterproof plate (1011) is a plate structure made of water-swelling rubber.

6. The shock-absorbing support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The support member (1021) is a block structure made of hard rubber or concrete.

7. Tunnel segment, characterized in that: The invention comprises a segment body (102) and a shock-absorbing support structure (101) as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the segment outer wall is the segment wall on the side of the segment body (102) facing the surrounding rock, the flexible waterproof plate (1011) of the shock-absorbing support structure (101) is in contact with the segment outer wall, and a plurality of grouting holes are provided on the segment body (102), and slurry for reinforcement and sealing can be injected into the gap between the segment body (102) and the surrounding rock through the grouting holes.

8. The tunnel segment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tunnel segment (100) further comprises blocking pieces corresponding to the plurality of grouting holes one by one, and the blocking pieces are capable of blocking the corresponding grouting holes.

9. A lining structure construction method, characterized in that: The method is suitable for the construction of a tunnel segment (100) as claimed in claims 7 and 8, comprising the following steps: S1, producing a plurality of the segment bodies (102), and simultaneously installing the flexible waterproof sheet (1011) on each of the segment bodies (102); S2, assembling a plurality of the segment bodies (102) to form a lining structure, at which time the flexible waterproof plate (1011) is in an installed state, and the surrounding rock is deformed from a clearance fit with the support member (1021) to contact with the support member (1021); S3, the flexible waterproof plate (1011) expands under the action of groundwater, and the distance between the other side of the flexible waterproof plate (1011) and the surrounding rock decreases. After a preset time, the flexible waterproof plate (1011) switches to the supporting state; S4. Open the grouting holes at the weak positions of the lining structure, and inject slurry into the opened grouting holes.

10. The lining structure construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before step S1, the following steps are also included: S0. Determine the width of the gap between the outer wall of the segment and the surrounding rock, and determine the height of the support member (1021) and the thickness of the flexible waterproof plate (1011) before and after expansion based on the width.

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