Blade structure capable of adjusting eccentricity of journal and turning method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of blade machining, and discloses a blade structure capable of adjusting shaft neck eccentricity and a turning method. Each blade unit comprises a blade and a shaft body; the blades are fixedly arranged on one side of the shaft body in a sleeving manner; the balance weight unit is arranged on the shaft body in a sleeving mode and located on the other side of the shaft body, and the balance weight unit and the shaft body are symmetrically arranged on the shaft body, so that the two sides of the shaft body are kept balanced. Due to the arrangement of the counterweight unit, the blade structure has the function of adjusting the eccentricity of the shaft neck. By adjusting the position or weight of the counterweight unit, accurate adjustment of eccentricity of the shaft neck is achieved, adaptability and universality of the blade structure to different working environments are enhanced, and performance and efficiency of equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blade processing, in particular to a blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity and a turning processing method. Background Art

[0002] As aircraft engine performance requirements continue to rise, the machining accuracy and reliability of core components have become key factors limiting overall engine efficiency. Adjustable blades in aircraft engines are core components that regulate airflow and optimize compression efficiency. Their journals, critical assembly surfaces, are directly involved in the connection and kinematic coordination between the blades and the disc. Machining accuracy therefore has a decisive impact on engine operating stability, service life, and safety.

[0003] Currently, the machining of adjustable blade journals for aircraft engines faces the following technical challenges: Strict tolerance requirements: As the assembly reference surface, the journal has extremely high requirements for dimensional tolerance, form and position tolerance (such as roundness, cylindricity, coaxiality, etc.). The minimum tolerance of some key dimensions can reach 0.009mm, which far exceeds the processing accuracy of ordinary mechanical parts and requires high-precision machine tools and process control.

[0004] Eccentric structure machining challenges: To meet aerodynamic and structural requirements, adjustable blade journals often employ eccentric designs. This results in significant centrifugal forces during turning due to the eccentric mass distribution. During high-speed rotation, the dynamic deformation induced by centrifugal forces can cause the actual journal dimensions to deviate from the theoretical design values, resulting in part out-of-tolerance.

[0005] The coupling effect between the blade surface and the journal: The blade surface is located on the side of the journal. Its complex curved surface features, combined with the journal's eccentric structure, further exacerbate mechanical imbalance during machining. Traditional turning processes struggle to simultaneously achieve both blade surface accuracy and journal assembly surface precision. Vibration or deformation can easily lead to degraded journal surface quality or dimensional deviations.

[0006] While existing technologies have attempted to address eccentric machining deformation through optimizing machine tool rigidity, improving fixture design, or employing compensation algorithms, they remain constrained by the complexity of centrifugal force and structural coupling, making it difficult to consistently meet the ultra-precision tolerance requirements of 0.009mm. Therefore, an innovative machining method is urgently needed to address the journal deformation caused by eccentric turning and ensure the machining accuracy and assembly reliability of adjustable blade journals in aircraft engines. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a blade structure and a turning method with adjustable shaft neck eccentricity, so as to solve the technical problem of shaft neck deformation caused by turning of eccentric structure in the prior art.

[0008] The application is realized by the following technical scheme: In a first aspect, the application provides a blade structure with adjustable shaft journal eccentricity, comprising a blade unit and a counterweight unit. The blade unit comprises a blade and a shaft body; the blade is fixedly sleeved on one side of the shaft body. The counterweight unit is sleeved on the shaft body and located on the other side of the shaft body; the counterweight unit and the shaft body are symmetrically arranged on the shaft body, so that the two sides of the shaft body are kept in balance.

[0009] Preferably, the counterweight unit comprises a counterweight block and an assembly positioning body. The counterweight block is assembled on one side of the assembly positioning body, and the shaft body is nested in the assembly positioning body, so that the counterweight block and the blade are symmetrically arranged.

[0010] Further, the structure and weight of the counterweight block and the blade are correspondingly arranged.

[0011] Further, the assembly positioning body comprises an assembly pipe, a clamping assembly and a disc. The disc is fixedly arranged at one end of the assembly pipe, the clamping assembly is arranged at the other end of the assembly pipe, the assembly pipe is a semi-cylindrical pipe body, the counterweight block is assembled on one side of the semicircular arc surface along the long edge direction of the pipe body of the assembly pipe, and the shaft body is nested in the assembly pipe along the long edge direction of the pipe body of the assembly pipe, one end of the shaft body is abutted on the disc, and the other end of the shaft body is clamped by the clamping assembly.

[0012] Further, one end of the shaft body is an upper shaft journal, and the other end of the shaft body is a lower shaft journal; the upper shaft journal is abutted on the disc, and the lower shaft journal is clamped by the clamping assembly.

[0013] Further, the clamping assembly comprises an assembly body and a clamping body. The assembly body is arranged on one side of the counterweight block, and the clamping body is arranged at one end of the assembly body and located at one end of the assembly pipe; a plurality of pressing screws are correspondingly arranged on the two sides of the clamping body; and the lower shaft journal of the shaft body is tightly pressed in the clamping body by the plurality of pressing screws in the assembly pipe.

[0014] Further, the length of the assembly pipe is equal to the length of the shaft body.

[0015] Further, the assembly pipe is vertically fixed at the end face of the disc; a positioning hole is arranged at the center position of the end of the upper shaft journal; and a center pin is arranged at the position corresponding to the positioning hole of the disc; when the end face of the upper shaft journal is abutted on the end face of the disc, the center pin is positioned and inserted in the positioning hole.

[0016] Further, the diameter of the disc is greater than the inner diameter of the assembly pipe.

[0017] A turning method for a blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity, based on the above-mentioned blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity, comprises: The integral blade unit and the counterweight unit are placed horizontally, wherein the shaft body is nested on the assembly tube, wherein the upper journal of the shaft body abuts against the disc, and the lower journal is clamped and set by a clamping assembly; The balance is tested by the disc. When one side of the blade is heavier, the disc rolls to the side of the blade. At this time, the weight on both sides of the shaft and the assembly tube is balanced by placing a counterweight. Then the blade unit with the assembly unit is loaded into the CNC lathe. One end is clamped with a three-jaw chuck to clamp the bottom disc, and the other end is tightened with a top to turn the upper journal of the blade unit. After turning the upper journal, the detachable parts are turned 180° and loaded into the counterweight device to continue turning the lower journal. After turning the lower journal, the turning processing of the blade structure is completed.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention provides a blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity. The blade unit and the counterweight unit are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the shaft, so that the two sides of the shaft remain balanced, effectively avoiding the journal deformation problem caused by turning the eccentric structure, improving the stability and reliability of the journal, and extending the service life of the journal and related components. The provision of the counterweight unit in the present invention enables the blade structure to have the function of adjusting the journal eccentricity. By adjusting the position or weight of the counterweight unit, the journal eccentricity can be precisely adjusted, thereby enhancing the adaptability and versatility of the blade structure to different working environments and improving the performance and efficiency of the equipment.

[0019] Furthermore, by assembling the counterweight on one side of the assembly positioning body, and nesting the shaft within the assembly positioning body, the counterweight and blades are precisely symmetrically arranged. This symmetrical layout ensures a more even weight distribution on both sides of the shaft, improving the shaft's balance during operation, effectively reducing vibration and stress concentration caused by imbalance, and extending the service life of the shaft and related components.

[0020] Furthermore, the counterweight block and the blade are arranged correspondingly in structure and weight, which can ensure that the weight distribution on both sides of the shaft reaches a highly precise balance state, greatly reducing the vibration caused by imbalance, making the equipment more stable during operation, reducing mechanical wear and noise caused by vibration, and improving the operating efficiency and reliability of the equipment.

[0021] Further, the assembly pipe adopts a semi-cylindrical pipe body design, which is convenient for the nested installation of the shaft body and provides sufficient space for the assembly of the counterweight block. The semicircular arc surface is specially used for assembling the counterweight block, so that the installation of the counterweight block is more stable and displacement is less likely to occur. The disc is fixedly arranged at one end of the assembly pipe, providing a clear positioning reference for the shaft body. The clamping assembly is arranged at the other end of the assembly pipe and is used for clamping the other end of the shaft body. By adjusting the clamping force of the clamping assembly, it can be ensured that the shaft body is stable in the assembly pipe and will not be damaged due to excessive clamping.

[0022] Further, the clamping assembly precisely positions and clamps the shaft body in the assembly pipe through the design of the assembly body and the clamping body. The assembly body is arranged on one side of the counterweight block, providing a stable support foundation for the clamping body, ensuring that the clamping body can accurately clamp the shaft body. The clamping body is provided with a plurality of pressing screws on both sides, which can be rotated to tighten the lower shaft journal of the shaft body, ensuring the stability of the shaft body in the assembly pipe, and the tightening force can be adjusted according to actual needs to avoid affecting the normal operation of the shaft body due to excessive or insufficient clamping.

[0023] Further, the length of the assembly pipe is equal to that of the shaft body, which means that the shaft body can be uniformly supported by the assembly pipe throughout its length. This uniform support helps to reduce the bending and vibration of the shaft body during operation, improving the stability and rigidity of the shaft body.

[0024] Further, the assembly pipe is vertically fixed to the end face of the disc, and combined with the positioning hole in the center of the upper shaft journal end and the center of the disc, precise positioning of the shaft body during assembly is achieved. This positioning method ensures the perpendicularity and coaxiality between the shaft body and the disc, improving the assembly precision. Through the cooperation of the center and the positioning hole, the error in the assembly process is effectively reduced, so that the position of the shaft body in the assembly pipe is more accurate.

[0025] The present application also provides a turning method for a blade structure with adjustable shaft journal eccentricity. The disc test balance can intuitively and quickly detect the overall balance state of the combination of the blade unit and the counterweight unit. When the blade is heavy on one side, the disc rolls to the side of the blade. This intuitive feedback allows the operator to quickly determine the direction and degree of imbalance. According to the test results, the shaft body and the assembly pipe are balanced by placing counterweight blocks. This dynamic balance adjustment ensures the balance of the entire blade structure before machining, providing a stable reference for subsequent turning, effectively reducing machining errors caused by imbalance, and improving machining accuracy. The blade unit with the assembly unit is loaded into the numerical control lathe, one end of the bottom disc is clamped with a three-jaw chuck, and the other end is clamped with a center. This integrated clamping method simplifies the clamping process, reduces the number of clamping times and time, and improves the machining efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the turning device for the blade journal in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Structure diagram of the blade in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Structure diagram of the counterweight device in the embodiment of the present application; In the figure: 1, blade unit; 11, blade; 12, upper journal; 13, lower journal; 14, positioning hole; 15, shaft body; 2, counterweight unit; 21, counterweight block; 22, assembly tube; 23, clamping assembly; 24, compression screw; 25, disc; 26, center. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] The purpose of the present application is to provide a blade structure and a turning method capable of adjusting the eccentricity of a journal, so as to solve the technical problem of journal deformation caused by turning of the eccentric structure in the prior art.

[0029] The present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Embodiment 1 Referring to Figure 1 , in an embodiment of the present application, a blade structure capable of adjusting the eccentricity of a journal is provided, which comprises a blade unit 1 and a counterweight unit 2; according to Figure 2 , the blade unit 1 comprises a blade 11 and a shaft body 15; the blade 11 is fixedly sleeved on one side of the shaft body 15; the counterweight unit 2 is sleeved on the shaft body 15 and located on the other side of the shaft body 15, and the counterweight unit 2 and the shaft body 15 are symmetrically arranged on the shaft body 15, so that the two sides of the shaft body 15 remain balanced.

[0030] Specifically, according to Figure 3 , the counterweight unit 2 comprises a counterweight block 21 and an assembly positioning body; the counterweight block 21 is assembled on one side of the assembly positioning body, and the shaft body 15 is nested in the assembly positioning body, so that the counterweight block 21 and the blade 11 are symmetrically arranged.

[0031] In this embodiment, by assembling the counterweight block on one side of the assembly positioning body and nesting the shaft body in the assembly positioning body, the counterweight block and the blade can be accurately and symmetrically arranged. This symmetrical layout ensures that the weight distribution on both sides of the shaft body is more uniform, improves the balance of the shaft body during operation, effectively reduces vibration and stress concentration caused by imbalance, and prolongs the service life of the shaft body and related components.

[0032] The counterweight block 21 is correspondingly arranged in structure and weight with the blade 11.

[0033] In this embodiment, the counterweight block and the blade are correspondingly arranged in structure and weight, which can ensure that the weight distribution on both sides of the shaft body reaches a highly precise balanced state, greatly reduces vibration caused by imbalance, makes the equipment more stable during operation, reduces mechanical wear and noise caused by vibration, and improves the operation efficiency and reliability of the equipment.

[0034] The assembly positioning body includes an assembly pipe 22, a clamping assembly 23, and a disc 25. The disc 25 is fixedly arranged at one end of the assembly pipe 22, the clamping assembly 23 is arranged at the other end of the assembly pipe 22, the assembly pipe 22 is a semi-cylindrical pipe body, the counterweight block 21 is assembled on one side of the semi-circular surface along the length direction of the pipe body of the assembly pipe 22, and the shaft body 15 is nested in the assembly pipe 22 along the length direction of the pipe body of the assembly pipe 22, one end of the shaft body 15 abuts against the disc 25, and the other end of the shaft body 15 is clamped by the clamping assembly 23.

[0035] In this embodiment, the assembly pipe adopts a semi-cylindrical pipe body design, which not only facilitates the nesting installation of the shaft body, but also provides sufficient space for the assembly of the counterweight block. One side of the semi-circular surface is specially used for assembling the counterweight block, so that the installation of the counterweight block is more stable and less likely to displace. The disc is fixedly arranged at one end of the assembly pipe, which provides a clear positioning reference for the shaft body. The clamping assembly is arranged at the other end of the assembly pipe and is used for clamping the other end of the shaft body. By adjusting the clamping force of the clamping assembly, it can be ensured that the shaft body is stable in the assembly pipe and will not be damaged due to excessive clamping.

[0036] In this embodiment, according to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, one end of the shaft body 15 is an upper journal 12, and the other end of the shaft body 15 is a lower journal 13. The upper journal 12 abuts against the disc 25, and the lower journal 13 is clamped by the clamping assembly 23.

[0037] Specifically, the clamping assembly 23 includes an assembly body and a clamping body. The assembly body is arranged on one side of the counterweight block 21, and the clamping body is arranged at one end of the assembly body and located at one end of the assembly tube 22. A number of tightening screws 24 are respectively provided on both sides of the clamping body. The lower journal 13 of the shaft body 15 is tightened in the clamping body in the assembly tube 22 by a number of tightening screws 24.

[0038] In this embodiment, the clamping assembly precisely positions and clamps the shaft within the assembly tube through the design of the assembly and clamping bodies. The assembly, positioned on one side of the counterweight, provides a stable support base for the clamping body, ensuring that it can accurately clamp the shaft. A number of clamping screws, positioned on either side of the clamping body, rotate to tighten the lower journal of the shaft, ensuring the shaft's stability within the assembly tube while allowing for adjustment of the tightening force as needed to prevent over- or under-clamping from affecting the shaft's normal operation.

[0039] In this embodiment, the length of the assembly tube 22 is equal to that of the shaft 15 .

[0040] In this embodiment, the length of the mounting tube is equal to that of the shaft, which means that the shaft can be evenly supported by the mounting tube throughout its entire length. This even support helps reduce bending and vibration of the shaft during operation, thereby improving the stability and rigidity of the shaft.

[0041] Among them, the assembly tube 22 is vertically fixed on the end face of the disc 25, a positioning hole 14 is provided at the center position of the end of the upper shaft neck 12, and a top 26 is provided at the position of the disc 25 corresponding to the positioning hole 14. When the end face of the upper shaft neck 12 abuts against the end face of the disc 25, the top 26 is positioned and inserted on the positioning hole 14.

[0042] In this embodiment, the assembly tube is fixed vertically to the end face of the disc. Combined with the positioning hole at the center of the upper journal and the center tip on the disc, precise positioning of the shaft during assembly is achieved. This positioning method ensures perpendicularity and coaxiality between the shaft and the disc, improving assembly accuracy. The coordination between the center tip and the positioning hole effectively reduces errors during assembly, ensuring a more accurate positioning of the shaft within the assembly tube.

[0043] In this embodiment, the diameter of the disk 25 is larger than the inner diameter of the assembly tube 22 .

[0044] In summary, the adjustable shaft neck eccentricity blade structure provided by the application is symmetrical in arrangement of the blade unit and the counterweight unit on both sides of the shaft body, so that the balance of both sides of the shaft body is maintained, the shaft neck deformation problem caused by the eccentric structure turning is effectively avoided, the stability and reliability of the shaft neck are improved, and the service life of the shaft neck and related components is prolonged. The arrangement of the counterweight unit in the application enables the blade structure to have the function of adjusting the shaft neck eccentricity. By adjusting the position or weight of the counterweight unit, the shaft neck eccentricity can be accurately adjusted, the adaptability and versatility of the blade structure to different working environments are enhanced, and the performance and efficiency of the equipment are improved.

[0045] Embodiment 2 The embodiment also provides a turning machining method of the adjustable shaft neck eccentricity blade structure. The turning machining method is based on the adjustable shaft neck eccentricity blade structure described above and comprises the following steps. The integral blade unit 1 and the counterweight unit 2 are horizontally placed, wherein the shaft body 15 is nested on the assembly pipe 22, the upper shaft neck 12 of the shaft body 15 abuts against the disc 25, and the lower shaft neck 13 is clamped and arranged by the clamping assembly 23. The balance is tested by the disc. When one side of the blade 11 is heavy, the disc rolls to one side of the blade 11. At this time, the weight on both sides of the shaft body 15 and the assembly pipe 22 is balanced by placing the counterweight block 21. Then, the blade unit 1 with the assembly unit 2 is loaded into the numerical control lathe, one end of the blade unit 1 is clamped by the three-jaw chuck, the other end is clamped by the center, the upper shaft neck 12 of the blade unit 1 is turned, the blade unit 1 is turned by 180° after the upper shaft neck 12 is turned, and the lower shaft neck 13 is continued to be turned in the counterweight device. After the lower shaft neck 13 is turned, the turning machining work of the blade structure is completed.

[0046] In summary, the turning machining method of the adjustable shaft neck eccentricity blade structure provided by the embodiment can intuitively and quickly detect the overall balance state of the combination of the blade unit and the counterweight unit. When one side of the blade is heavy, the disc rolls to one side of the blade. This intuitive feedback enables the operator to quickly determine the direction and degree of imbalance. According to the detection result, the weight on both sides of the shaft body and the assembly pipe is balanced by placing the counterweight block. This dynamic balance adjustment method ensures the balance of the entire blade structure before machining, provides a stable reference for subsequent turning machining, effectively reduces the machining error caused by imbalance, and improves the machining precision. The blade unit with the assembly unit is loaded into the numerical control lathe, one end of the blade unit is clamped by the three-jaw chuck, and the other end is clamped by the center. This integrated clamping method simplifies the clamping process, reduces the clamping frequency and time, and improves the machining efficiency.

[0047] It should be pointed out finally that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and any modification or equivalent replacement should be covered in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity, characterized in that: It comprises a blade unit (1) and a counterweight unit (2); The blade unit (1) comprises a blade (11) and a shaft (15); the blade (11) is fixedly sleeved on one side of the shaft (15); The counterweight unit (2) is sleeved on the shaft body (15) and is located on the other side of the shaft body (15). The counterweight unit (2) and the shaft body (15) are symmetrically arranged on the shaft body (15), so that both sides of the shaft body (15) remain balanced.

2. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight unit (2) comprises a counterweight block (21) and an assembly positioning body; The counterweight (21) is assembled on one side of the assembly positioning body, and the shaft (15) is nested in the assembly positioning body, so that the counterweight (21) and the blade (11) are symmetrically arranged.

3. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The counterweight (21) is arranged to correspond to the structure and weight of the blade (11).

4. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The assembly positioning body comprises an assembly tube (22), a clamping assembly (23) and a disc (25); The disc (25) is fixedly arranged at one end of the assembly tube (22), and the clamping assembly (23) is arranged at the other end of the assembly tube (22). The assembly tube (22) is a semi-cylindrical tube body. The counterweight (21) is assembled on one side of the semi-circular arc surface along the long side direction of the tube body of the assembly tube (22). The shaft (15) is nested in the assembly tube (22) along the long side direction of the tube body of the assembly tube (22), with one end abutting against the disc (25) and the other end being clamped and arranged by the clamping assembly (23).

5. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the shaft body (15) is an upper journal (12), and the other end is a lower journal (13). The upper journal (12) abuts against the disc (25), and the lower journal (13) is clamped and arranged by a clamping assembly (23).

6. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (23) comprises an assembly body and a clamping body; The assembly body is arranged on one side of the counterweight (21), the clamping body is arranged at one end of the assembly body and located at one end of the assembly tube (22), and a plurality of clamping screws (24) are respectively provided on both sides of the clamping body. The lower journal (13) of the shaft body (15) is tightened in the clamping body in the assembly tube (22) by the plurality of clamping screws (24).

7. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the assembly tube (22) is equal to that of the shaft body (15).

8. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 5, characterized in that: The assembly tube (22) is vertically fixed to the end face of the disc (25); a positioning hole (14) is provided at the center position of the end of the upper journal (12); a top (26) is provided at a position of the disc (25) corresponding to the positioning hole (14); when the end face of the upper journal (12) abuts against the end face of the disc (25), the top (26) is positioned and inserted into the positioning hole (14).

9. The blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the disc (25) is larger than the inner diameter of the mounting tube (22).

10. A turning method for a blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity, based on the blade structure with adjustable journal eccentricity according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The integral blade unit (1) and the counterweight unit (2) are placed horizontally, wherein the shaft body (15) is nested on the assembly tube (22), wherein the upper journal (12) of the shaft body (15) abuts against the disc (25), and the lower journal (13) is clamped and set by the clamping assembly (23); By testing the balance of the disc, when one side of the blade (11) is heavy, the disc rolls to the side of the blade (11). At this time, the weight on both sides of the shaft (15) and the assembly tube (22) is balanced by placing the counterweight block (21). Then, the blade unit (1) equipped with the assembly unit (2) is loaded into the CNC lathe. One end of the blade unit (1) is clamped with a three-jaw chuck to clamp the bottom disc, and the other end is tightened with a top. The upper journal (12) of the blade unit (1) is turned. After the upper journal (12) is turned, the detachable parts are turned 180 degrees and loaded into the counterweight device to continue turning the lower journal (13). After the lower journal (13) is turned, the turning processing of the blade structure is completed.

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