Liquid nitrogen cooperates with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen nondestructive storage and transportation device and filling method

Abstract

The application relates to the hydrogen storage and transportation technical field, and discloses a liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation device and a filling method. The storage and transportation device comprises a shell and a heat exchange pipe. The shell is internally provided with a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber which are isolated from each other. The first sub-chamber is used for storing low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and the second sub-chamber is used for storing liquid heat exchange medium. The heat exchange pipe is arranged in the first sub-chamber. The heat exchange pipe is internally provided with a heat exchange flow channel. One end of the heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the second sub-chamber, and the other end of the heat exchange flow channel penetrates through the shell to be communicated with the outside. The storage and transportation device prolongs the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation time and reduces the requirement on hydrogenation station equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the hydrogen storage and transportation technical field, in particular to a liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation device and a filling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the mainstream hydrogen storage and transportation methods based on the physical properties of hydrogen are divided into three types, namely, normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen CGH2, liquid hydrogen LH2 and low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen CcH2. Although the hydrogen storage and transportation methods are various and have different storage and transportation parameters, the evaluation methods have certain similarities, and the more important indexes are energy storage density, corresponding hydrogen preparation cost, dormant time, whether heat management is needed and storage tank cost.

[0003] In the related art, although the lossless storage capacity of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen is better than that of the liquid hydrogen, it is still difficult to meet the hydrogen storage and transportation requirements, and it is difficult to prolong the lossless storage and transportation time in the lossless storage and transportation process, therefore, how to prolong the lossless storage and transportation time and improve the hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency is a technical problem to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation device and a filling method, which prolongs the lossless storage and transportation time and improves the hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the application includes:

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation device, which comprises a shell and a heat exchange pipe; the shell has a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber which are isolated from each other, the first sub-chamber is used for storing low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and the second sub-chamber is used for storing liquid heat exchange medium; the heat exchange pipe is arranged in the first sub-chamber, the heat exchange pipe has a heat exchange flow channel, one end of the heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the second sub-chamber, and the other end of the heat exchange flow channel penetrates through the shell to be communicated with the outside.

[0007] The liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation device provided by the application overcomes the heat leakage of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen by the cold energy of the liquid heat exchange medium, so that the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen can be losslessly stored and transported for a longer period of time. Due to the cold energy supplement, the filling rate of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank can be further improved without affecting the lossless storage and transportation time, thereby improving the hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency. Meanwhile, the requirement for the heat insulation capacity of the heat insulation layer is further reduced, the cost and technical difficulty of the storage tank design are reduced, in addition, the liquid heat exchange medium can flow in the heat exchange pipe, compared with the static heat exchange mode, the heat exchange area between the liquid heat exchange medium and the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen is larger and the efficiency is higher, the excess heat of the hydrogen can be removed more quickly, so that the hydrogen can be maintained in the low-temperature high-pressure state for a longer period of time, and the lossless storage and transportation time is greatly prolonged.

[0008] Optionally, the storage and transportation device further comprises a partition plate arranged in the shell to divide the internal space of the shell into the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber.

[0009] In the above scheme, the partition plate not only plays a role in dividing the internal space of the shell, but also is simple to manufacture without complex molds or processing techniques, thereby reducing manufacturing difficulty. Meanwhile, the partition plate itself can serve as a heat exchange interface to help the liquid heat exchange medium and the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas to exchange heat.

[0010] Optionally, one end of the heat exchange pipe penetrates through the partition plate, so that the one end of the heat exchange flow channel communicates with the second sub-chamber.

[0011] In the above scheme, on one hand, the liquid heat exchange medium can flow in the second sub-chamber and the heat exchange flow channel, and on the other hand, after the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat exchange flow channel vaporizes, the generated gas can gather in the heat exchange flow channel of the heat exchange pipe and be discharged through a mechanism such as a pressure relief valve. Meanwhile, the liquid heat exchange medium in the second sub-chamber can continue to enter the heat exchange flow channel of the heat exchange pipe for heat exchange, that is, the liquid heat exchange medium in the second sub-chamber can be supplemented into the heat exchange flow channel of the heat exchange pipe, thereby ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange pipe, reducing the risk of heat accumulation of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas in the first sub-chamber, maintaining the stability of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas, and reducing the probability of hydrogen loss.

[0012] Optionally, the liquid heat exchange medium is liquid nitrogen.

[0013] In the above scheme, the first inlet pipe directly communicates with the second sub-chamber, thereby reducing complex pipeline branches and interfaces and reducing the risk of pipeline leakage in a low-temperature high-pressure environment. Since cracks are prone to occur at the connection of a conventional pipeline due to material cold shrinkage or fatigue in a low-temperature state, the design significantly reduces the leakage probability by reducing the connection points. The first inlet pipe can serve as a liquid nitrogen inlet and be selectively conducted by the first shut-off valve, thereby realizing the conduction and closure of the first inlet pipe. On one hand, the first inlet pipe facilitates the supplement of liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber. On the other hand, the first inlet pipe can improve the sealing performance of the second sub-chamber, thereby improving the reliability of the storage and transportation device.

[0014] Optionally, the storage and transportation device further comprises a first inlet pipe and a first shut-off valve arranged on the first inlet pipe. The first inlet pipe is arranged in the shell and communicates with the second sub-chamber.

[0015] In the above scheme, the first inlet pipe can serve as an input for liquid nitrogen, and the first inlet pipe can be selectively turned on by the first stop valve, realizing the opening and closing of the first inlet pipe. On the one hand, it is convenient to supplement liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber, and on the other hand, it can improve the sealing performance of the second sub-chamber, thereby improving the reliability of the storage and transportation device.

[0016] Optionally, along the radial direction of the first inlet pipe, the first inlet pipe comprises a first inner circumferential surface and a first outer circumferential surface, and the first inlet pipe comprises a first vacuum layer, which is arranged between the first inner circumferential surface and the first outer circumferential surface.

[0017] In the above scheme, there is no air medium in the vacuum layer, which can effectively block the heat transfer by conduction and convection. When the liquid nitrogen flows in the first inlet pipe containing the vacuum layer, the vaporization rate of the liquid nitrogen can be reduced, the natural vaporization loss of the liquid nitrogen during transportation can be greatly reduced, and sufficient liquid nitrogen can be ensured for the second sub-chamber at all times, thereby maintaining stable heat exchange capacity.

[0018] Optionally, the temperature of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas and the liquid heat exchange medium is the same.

[0019] In the above scheme, the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium is the same as that of the hydrogen gas, which can further reduce the probability of hydrogen gas heat absorption and vaporization, and improve the storage and transportation reliability. When the temperature of the hydrogen gas and the liquid heat exchange medium is the same, there is no heat transfer between the two due to temperature difference, which can eliminate the additional heat exchange loss caused by temperature imbalance. At the same time, there is no need to adjust the temperature difference between the hydrogen gas and the heat exchange medium, which can greatly simplify the temperature control system.

[0020] Optionally, the liquid heat exchange medium has a first boiling point, and the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas has a first temperature zone, and the first boiling point is located in the first temperature zone.

[0021] In the above scheme, since the first boiling point of the liquid heat exchange medium is located in the first temperature zone of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas, on the one hand, the liquid heat exchange medium can absorb the heat of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas and vaporize, and on the other hand, since the heat exchange coefficient of the liquid heat exchange medium is lower than that of the liquid nitrogen, the overall heat leakage of the device is reduced, which can avoid the premature vaporization of the liquid heat exchange medium and improve the storage and transportation capacity.

[0022] Optionally, the heat exchange pipe is a plurality of heat exchange pipes, and the plurality of heat exchange pipes are arranged at intervals.

[0023] In the above scheme, the plurality of heat exchange pipes are arranged at intervals, which directly increases the contact area with the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas. It can more efficiently absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen gas due to environmental heat invasion or filling, and ensure the stability of the hydrogen gas temperature.

[0024] Optionally, the storage and transportation device is further provided with an insulating layer, the insulating layer is coated on the outer surface of the shell, and the insulating layer at least comprises a glass fiber layer.

[0025] In the above scheme, the glass fiber can effectively block the invasion of external heat into the shell through conduction, reducing the risk of temperature rise of hydrogen due to environmental heat invasion.

[0026] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application disclose a filling method, which is suitable for the storage and transportation device as described in any embodiment, and comprises the following steps:

[0027] The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is injected into the second sub-chamber through a liquid nitrogen pump;

[0028] The liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber enters the heat exchange flow channel to exchange heat with the hydrogen in the first sub-chamber;

[0029] The liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is injected into the first sub-chamber through a liquid hydrogen pump.

[0030] The filling method disclosed by the embodiments of the present application first injects liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber through a liquid nitrogen pump, rapidly reduces the overall temperature of the storage tank by vaporization, reduces the temperature difference between liquid hydrogen and the storage tank, helps to reduce the pressure of boiled liquid hydrogen, and avoids the generation of over-heated and over-pressured low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or prior art of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the storage and transportation device in some embodiments of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a system schematic diagram when the storage and transportation device is filled in some embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a system schematic diagram when the storage and transportation device is filled in some embodiments of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a step schematic diagram of the filling method in some embodiments of the present application.

[0036]

Explanation of reference signs

[0037] 1000: storage and transportation device;

[0038] 100: housing; 110: first sub-chamber; 120: second sub-chamber; 130: heat exchange pipe; 131: heat exchange flow channel;

[0039] 200: partition plate;

[0040] 300: first inlet pipe; 310: nitrogen outlet pipe; 320: hydrogen inlet pipe;

[0041] 400: liquid nitrogen storage tank; 410: liquid nitrogen pump;

[0042] 500: overflow valve;

[0043] 600: overflow type pressure reducing valve;

[0044] 700: hydrogen storage tank; 710: liquid hydrogen pump;

[0045] 800: liquid level meter;

[0046] 900: thermometer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs; the terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application; the terms “include” and “have” in the specification and claims of the present application and any modification thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms “first”, “second” and the like in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order or primary and secondary relationship.

[0049] In the present application, the phrase “embodiment” means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase at various places in the specification does not necessarily mean the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in the present application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be explained that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting", "attaching" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] The term "and / or" in the present application is only to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present application generally represents that the front and rear associated objects have an "or" relationship.

[0052] The "multiple" appearing in the present application refers to more than two (including two), and similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0053] The current mainstream hydrogen storage and transportation method based on the physical properties of hydrogen itself is divided into three types, namely, normal temperature high pressure hydrogen CGH2, liquid hydrogen LH2 and low temperature high pressure hydrogen CcH2. Although the hydrogen storage and transportation methods are diverse and have different storage and transportation parameters, the evaluation methods have certain similarities, and the more important indicators are energy storage density, corresponding hydrogen production cost, dormancy time, whether heat management is needed, and storage tank cost.

[0054] The normal temperature high pressure hydrogen storage and transportation technology has the highest maturity compared with the other two hydrogen storage and transportation technologies, has less use restrictions, has a wide variety of application scenarios, and has two commonly used pressure levels, 35MPa and 70MPa. However, although the mass energy density of hydrogen is high, the volume energy density of normal temperature high pressure hydrogen is difficult to achieve the ideal state due to the low density of normal temperature high pressure hydrogen (the density of 35MPa normal temperature high pressure hydrogen is 23.3kg / m3, and the density of 70MPa normal temperature high pressure hydrogen is 39.2kg / m3), and it cannot meet the requirements of some scenes with high energy storage density. In addition, since the pressure and density are not in a linear positive correlation, further increasing the pressure to improve the energy storage density is also limited. On the other hand, the increase in wall thickness caused by high pressure leads to manufacturing difficulties, thereby increasing the cost of the storage tank.

[0055] The liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology can realize high density of hydrogen at low pressure (71.2 kg / m3 at 20K and 0.1 MPa), which means that the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology can realize high energy density hydrogen storage with thinner tank wall, which is crucial for large-scale energy storage facilities which are cost-sensitive and difficult to process. However, the cost of liquefied hydrogen is high, and the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation requires strict heat management, otherwise it will cause short storage time and hydrogen evaporation (BOG) problem. This also leads to the fact that most of the current liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technologies are concentrated in the fields of military, aerospace, heavy trucks and other fields that can support a large number of heat management equipment.

[0056] The low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation technology combines the characteristics of normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation technology and liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology, and realizes high-density storage of hydrogen through low-temperature high-pressure. In addition, the loss, difficulty and time of low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen during charging are much smaller than those of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, which is one of the main reasons why the U.S. Department of Energy lists low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen as the second generation of on-board hydrogen storage technology.

[0057] However, it is difficult to store and transport low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen for a long time without loss, and in the field of small vehicles, it is still dangerous to discharge hydrogen. The current solution is to reduce the charging rate to increase the dormancy time of low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen. However, reducing the charging rate means that the tank provides less energy for vehicle travel, further reducing the vehicle's endurance, which is very costly for the vehicle field. For small vehicles, the cost of active cooling systems such as refrigerators for heavy trucks is high, and too many devices are not conducive to the lightweight of small vehicles.

[0058] Therefore, the current research work needs a low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation method that can realize long-term dormancy at a high low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen charging rate, without the need for additional equipment, without hydrogen loss during charging, and without relying on more charging equipment (such as refueling guns with reflux function, GM refrigerators, etc.).

[0059] Therefore, the current research work needs a low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation method that can realize long-term dormancy at a high low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen charging rate, without the need for additional equipment, without hydrogen loss during charging, and without relying on more charging equipment (such as refueling guns with reflux function, GM refrigerators, etc.).

[0059] In view of this, the application provides a liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation device 1000. The first sub-chamber 110 is used for storing low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and the second sub-chamber 120 is used for storing liquid heat exchange medium. The first sub-chamber 110 is provided with a heat exchange pipe 130, and the heat exchange pipe 130 has a heat exchange flow channel 131 communicating with the second sub-chamber 120. The heat loss of low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen is overcome by the vaporization of liquid heat exchange medium, so as to realize longer lossless storage and transportation of low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen. Due to the cold supplement, the charging rate of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank can be further improved without affecting the lossless storage time, thereby improving the hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency. At the same time, the requirement for the heat insulation ability of the heat insulation layer is further reduced, and the cost and technical difficulty of the tank design are reduced.

[0060] The storage and transportation device 1000 proposed by the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 1 The storage and transportation device 1000 for storing and transporting low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in a lossless manner in cooperation with liquid nitrogen and according to the first aspect of the present application comprises a shell 100 and a heat exchange pipe 130.

[0062] The shell 100 has a first sub-chamber 110 and a second sub-chamber 120 which are isolated from each other, that is, the first sub-chamber 110 and the second sub-chamber 120 which are isolated from each other can be used to store different media respectively, so that the storage and heat exchange processes of different media are independent of each other and can also cooperate with each other, and at the same time, it is convenient to adjust the volume ratio of the first sub-chamber 110 and the second sub-chamber 120 according to different use requirements, so as to meet the requirements of different use scenarios for lossless storage and transportation time and energy storage density, and improve the versatility.

[0063] The first sub-chamber 110 is used to store low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and the second sub-chamber 120 is used to store liquid heat exchange medium; it can be understood that the first sub-chamber 110 is specially used to store low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, which guarantees the stable storage of hydrogen under specific conditions, and the liquid heat exchange medium stored in the second sub-chamber 120 can serve as a cold source of the entire device and provide cold for the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110 during the storage process, thereby helping the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110 to maintain a low-temperature state, and thereby improving the storage and transportation reliability.

[0064] The heat exchange pipe 130 is arranged in the first sub-chamber 110, the heat exchange pipe 130 has a heat exchange flow channel 131, one end of the heat exchange flow channel 131 is in communication with the second sub-chamber 120, and the other end of the heat exchange flow channel 131 penetrates through the shell 100 to be in communication with the outside. That is, the liquid heat exchange medium in the second sub-chamber 120 can flow through the heat exchange pipe 130 to provide cold for the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110, thereby further improving the heat exchange effect of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110 and reducing the loss of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110.

[0065] The storage and transportation device 1000 for storing and transporting low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in a lossless manner in cooperation with liquid nitrogen proposed by the embodiment of the present application overcomes the heat leakage of low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen by the cold of the liquid heat exchange medium, thereby realizing the longer-term lossless storage and transportation of low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen. Due to the cold supplement, the filling rate of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank can be further improved without affecting the lossless storage and transportation time, thereby realizing complete filling and improving the hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency. At the same time, the requirement for the heat insulation ability of the heat insulation layer is further reduced, and the cost and technical difficulty of the design of the storage tank are reduced.

[0066] The liquid heat exchange medium can flow in the heat exchange pipe 130. Compared with the static heat exchange mode, the liquid heat exchange medium has a larger heat exchange area and higher efficiency with the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen, can more quickly take away the excess heat of the hydrogen, and thus ensures that the hydrogen maintains a low-temperature and high-pressure state for a long time, greatly prolonging the lossless storage and transportation time.

[0067] It can be understood that, by flexibly adjusting the volume ratio of the first sub-chamber 110 and the second sub-chamber 120, on the one hand, the demand for lossless storage and transportation time in different scenarios can be met, and on the other hand, the storage amount of hydrogen can be increased, that is, the balance between the storage amount of hydrogen and the lossless storage and transportation time is achieved, thereby improving the hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency. For example, in a long-distance transportation scenario, increasing the liquid nitrogen chamber and appropriately increasing the proportion of the second sub-chamber 120 can enhance the cold supply capacity and ensure the low-temperature and high-pressure stable state of the hydrogen during long-time transportation; in a short-distance and frequent transportation scenario, the volume of the first sub-chamber 110 can be increased to increase the storage amount of hydrogen and improve the hydrogen storage and transportation efficiency.

[0068] Meanwhile, by independently storing the liquid heat exchange medium in the second sub-chamber 120, when the liquid nitrogen or the like needs to be supplemented, the operator can directly operate the second sub-chamber 120 without interrupting the hydrogen storage and transportation process of the first sub-chamber 110, thereby effectively ensuring the continuity of the storage and transportation work.

[0069] In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 The storage and transportation device 1000 further includes a partition plate 200 arranged in the housing 100 to divide the internal space of the housing 100 into the first sub-chamber 110 and the second sub-chamber 120.

[0070] It can be understood that the partition plate 200 not only can divide the internal space of the housing 100, but also is simple to manufacture and does not need complex molds or processing techniques, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty.

[0071] That is, the partition plate 200 can divide the housing 100 into two regular sub-chambers, thereby reducing the occupation of the internal space and facilitating the layout of internal pipelines or heat exchange elements and the like.

[0072] In the above scheme, the partition plate 200 itself can serve as a heat exchange interface to help the liquid heat exchange medium exchange heat with the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen. If the first sub-chamber 110 and the second sub-chamber 120 on the two sides respectively flow different temperature fluids (such as low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen and liquid heat exchange medium), the partition plate 200 (made of a heat-conducting material such as metal) can directly transfer heat to help the liquid heat exchange medium vaporize.

[0073] As an example, heat exchange elements (such as fins, coils) can be attached to the partition plate 200 to further enhance the heat exchange effect. For example, fins can be welded to the surface of the partition plate 200 to increase the contact area with the fluid, or heat-conducting coils can be embedded inside the partition plate 200 and filled with heat exchange medium, forming a composite heat exchange structure of "partition plate + fin + coil" to further improve the heat exchange effect.

[0074] As an example, the partition plate 200 can be at least one of a flat straight plate, an arc-shaped plate, or a special-shaped plate.

[0075] The flat straight plate refers to a plate member with a regular flat surface, which can be vertically or horizontally arranged in the shell 100 to divide the interior of the shell 100 into a regular rectangular or cylindrical chamber, facilitating the storage and layout of hydrogen and liquid heat exchange medium. It can be understood that the flat structure is balanced under uniform pressure and is suitable for scenarios with fixed volume ratio of the chamber.

[0076] The arc-shaped plate refers to a plate member with a circular arc or spherical curved surface, which is partially attached to the inner wall of the shell 100. At this time, the arc-shaped structure can disperse internal pressure and is particularly suitable for chamber partitioning in high-pressure environments to reduce the risk of deformation. When the liquid heat exchange medium flows, the arc-shaped surface can reduce fluid resistance and improve the efficiency of cold energy conduction around the heat exchange pipe 130. If the shell 100 is cylindrical, the arc-shaped partition plate 200 can be seamlessly attached to the inner wall, avoiding space waste at right-angle corners.

[0077] The special-shaped plate includes an ellipsoidal or conical plate member. For example, when a conical plate member is used, it helps to achieve a gradual division of the chamber volume from large to small. At the same time, flow guide grooves can be opened on the surface to guide the flow of liquid heat exchange medium and strengthen the cold energy transmission path.

[0078] That is, the partition plate 200 can be constructed as a spherical structure to form a sandwich layer in the shell 100, which can improve the heat exchange effect of the liquid heat exchange medium.

[0079] In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 One end of the heat exchange pipe 130 passes through the partition plate 200 so that one end of the heat exchange flow channel 131 communicates with the second sub-chamber 120. It can be understood that after the heat exchange pipe 130 passes through the partition plate 200, the heat exchange flow channel 131 inside it can be in direct contact with the fluid in the second sub-chamber 120, so that the liquid heat exchange medium can flow in the second sub-chamber 120 and the heat exchange flow channel 131.

[0080] Thus, on one hand, the gas generated after the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat exchange flow channel 131 is vaporized can be collected in the heat exchange flow channel 131 in the heat exchange pipe 130 and discharged through a mechanism such as a pressure relief valve, and on the other hand, the liquid heat exchange medium in the second sub-chamber 120 can continue to enter the heat exchange flow channel 131 in the heat exchange pipe 130 for heat exchange, that is, the liquid heat exchange medium in the second sub-chamber 120 can be supplemented into the heat exchange flow channel 131 in the heat exchange pipe 130, so as to ensure the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange pipe 130, reduce the risk of accumulation of heat of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas in the first sub-chamber 110, maintain the stability of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, and reduce the probability of hydrogen loss.

[0081] In the above scheme, after the liquid heat exchange medium in the second sub-chamber 120 flows into the heat exchange pipe 130, the liquid heat exchange medium is vaporized in the heat exchange flow channel 131 to complete heat absorption, and then the gas is discharged along the heat exchange pipe 130 to form a one-way "liquid inflow-vaporization discharge" cycle. Such directional flow prolongs the residence time of the medium in the first sub-chamber 110, so that heat is fully transferred, and the heat exchange efficiency for the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas in the first sub-chamber 110 is improved.

[0082] In addition, the heat exchange flow channel 131 in the heat exchange pipe 130 provides a clear flow path for the gas generated after vaporization, reducing the probability of gas accumulation in the second sub-chamber 120, so as to facilitate the orderly discharge of the gas generated by vaporization in the heat exchange pipe 130, prevent the gas from accumulating in the second sub-chamber 120 to form high pressure, and improve the safety of the storage and transportation device 1000.

[0083] For example, when the first sub-chamber 110 stores flammable liquid, if the gas cannot be discharged in time, it may cause a sudden increase in pressure and even explosion risk. By guiding the gas to a safety device such as a pressure relief valve through the heat exchange pipe 130, the pressure can be effectively controlled to ensure safe operation of the system. In addition, directional discharge of the gas can also avoid vortex flow in the chamber, reducing the impact on the equipment structure.

[0084] In other embodiments, the liquid heat exchange medium is configured as liquid nitrogen. It can be understood that liquid nitrogen has a very low boiling point (-196°C) and can quickly absorb heat of the first sub-chamber 110 to achieve ultra-low temperature environment control. After the liquid nitrogen enters through the heat exchange pipe 130, it is rapidly vaporized to absorb heat. Compared with conventional cooling liquid, not only the cooling rate is improved, but also the temperature fluctuation range is reduced. At the same time, a large amount of latent heat is released when the liquid nitrogen is vaporized. The liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber 120 continues to flow into the heat exchange pipe 130, completes vaporization and heat absorption in the heat exchange flow channel 131, and is discharged through a safety device such as a pressure relief valve, so as to ensure continuous supply of cold energy.

[0085] At the same time, the nitrogen gas generated after the vaporization of the liquid nitrogen is an inert gas, which can effectively reduce the risk of flammability and explosiveness, that is, the nitrogen gas generated after vaporization is discharged during the storage and transportation process, further improving the safety of the storage and transportation process.

[0086] In addition, it is also convenient to determine the non-destructive storage and transportation time according to the state of the remaining liquid nitrogen, so as to determine the state of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas in the storage and transportation device 1000, facilitate use in different scenarios, and improve the use convenience.

[0087] In addition, the second sub-chamber 120 serves as a liquid nitrogen storage and supply end, facilitating centralized management and replenishment. A liquid level sensor and a pressure monitoring device can be integrated to monitor the liquid nitrogen inventory and system pressure in real time, thereby further improving the use convenience.

[0088] In other embodiments, referring to Figure 1 The storage and transportation device 1000 further comprises a first inlet pipe 300 and a first stop valve arranged on the first inlet pipe 300, and the first inlet pipe 300 is arranged in the shell 100 and communicates with the second sub-chamber 120. It can be understood that the first inlet pipe 300 directly communicates with the second sub-chamber 120, reducing the complex pipeline branches and interfaces and reducing the risk of pipeline leakage in a low-temperature high-pressure environment.

[0089] Since cracks are easily generated due to material cold shrinkage or fatigue at the connection of conventional pipelines in a low-temperature state, the design significantly reduces the leakage probability by reducing the connection points. At the same time, the simplified pipeline layout is easier to install an insulation layer, reduces the cold loss, and improves the insulation effect.

[0090] In the above scheme, the first inlet pipe 300 can function as an input of liquid nitrogen, and the first inlet pipe 300 is selectively conducted by the first stop valve, realizing the conduction and closing of the first inlet pipe 300. On the one hand, it is convenient to supplement liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber 120, and on the other hand, it can improve the sealing performance of the second sub-chamber 120, thereby improving the reliability of the storage and transportation device 1000.

[0091] At the same time, the first inlet pipe 300 and the first stop valve are arranged centrally, facilitating inspection and maintenance in a low-temperature high-pressure environment. The operation and maintenance personnel can quickly check whether the valve sealing performance, the pipeline connection is leaked or frosted, and the liquid nitrogen inventory is monitored through the liquid level meter 800 of the second sub-chamber 120, reducing the troubleshooting time, and without frequent contact with the high-pressure hydrogen gas area during the maintenance process, reducing the operation risk of the maintenance personnel, effectively improving the system reliability and operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0092] In low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation, a large amount of heat is generated during the hydrogen compression or filling process, which may cause a sudden temperature rise and lead to pressure loss of control. The first inlet pipe 300 communicates with the second sub-chamber 120, and the liquid nitrogen can be quickly supplemented through the first stop valve to ensure that the second sub-chamber 120 continuously supplies cold energy to the heat exchange pipe 130.

[0093] In addition, by adjusting the opening degree of the first stop valve, the flow of liquid nitrogen can be flexibly controlled to accurately match the different stage requirements of hydrogen storage and transportation. During the hydrogen storage stage of the fixed storage container, a small flow of liquid nitrogen can be used to maintain low temperature; during the rapid charging or unloading stage of the fixed storage container, the flow of liquid nitrogen can be increased to cope with the drastic change in heat, thereby avoiding pressure fluctuations caused by temperature fluctuations and ensuring the safe operation of the storage and transportation system.

[0094] As an example, the first stop valve is linked with the pressure monitoring device, which can adjust the liquid nitrogen supplement amount in real time to control the amount of liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber 120, thereby indirectly stabilizing the hydrogen pressure in the first sub-chamber 110. When the system detects an abnormal increase in pressure, on the one hand, the liquid nitrogen supplement is stopped through the first stop valve, and the second sub-chamber 120 is closed to reduce the pressure generated by the vaporization of liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber 120; on the other hand, the relief valve can be opened to discharge excess nitrogen gas to reduce the risk of overpressure explosion. In an emergency, the first stop valve can be quickly closed to cut off the supply of liquid nitrogen and prevent the system pressure from increasing due to the vaporization of liquid nitrogen.

[0095] In some embodiments, along the radial direction of the first inlet pipe 300, the first inlet pipe 300 comprises a first inner circumferential surface and a first outer circumferential surface, and the first inlet pipe 300 comprises a first vacuum layer, which is arranged between the first inner circumferential surface and the first outer circumferential surface.

[0096] In the above scheme, the first inlet pipe 300 has a first vacuum layer, and it can be understood that there is no air medium in the vacuum layer, which can effectively block the heat transfer by conduction and convection. In low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation, the temperature difference between the ambient temperature (such as room temperature 25°C) and the liquid nitrogen temperature (-196°C) is huge, and the first vacuum layer can greatly reduce the thermal conductivity of the first inlet pipe 300, reduce the probability of liquid nitrogen absorbing external heat during transportation, and avoid premature vaporization of liquid nitrogen.

[0097] For example, when liquid nitrogen flows in the first inlet pipe 300 containing the vacuum layer, the vaporization rate of the liquid nitrogen can be reduced to ensure that the second sub-chamber 120 always obtains sufficient liquid nitrogen and maintains stable heat exchange capacity.

[0098] In addition, the first vacuum layer can reduce the temperature fluctuation of liquid nitrogen, thereby indirectly stabilizing the hydrogen temperature in the first sub-chamber 110. The heat insulation effect of the vacuum layer can avoid such problems, ensure the stable storage and transportation of hydrogen in a low-temperature high-pressure state, and prevent hydrogen from vaporizing and leaking or the pressure from being out of control due to temperature changes.

[0099] In the above scheme, the vacuum layer effectively insulates external heat, greatly reducing the natural evaporation loss of liquid nitrogen during transportation. Due to the reduction of liquid nitrogen loss, the consumption of liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber 120 is slowed down, and the interval time for replenishing liquid nitrogen through the first inlet pipe 300 is prolonged. This not only reduces the cost of manual maintenance, but also reduces the risk of seal wear caused by frequent operation of the first stop valve, improves the service life of the equipment, and reduces the overall operation burden.

[0100] At the same time, the vacuum layer blocks heat transfer, preventing the first inlet pipe 300 from frosting or icing due to low temperature. In a low-temperature and high-pressure environment, frosting on the outer surface of the pipe may cause the insulation layer to fail, the structural strength to decrease, and even cause the pipe to crack. The first vacuum layer can maintain the temperature of the outer surface of the first inlet pipe 300 close to the ambient temperature, preventing frosting and ensuring the safety of the pipe structure.

[0101] In addition, the first vacuum layer itself has high heat insulation performance, which can greatly simplify the design of the insulation layer outside the first inlet pipe 300. Compared with traditional multi-layer insulation materials such as polyurethane foam and glass fiber, the pipe with a vacuum layer only needs to be equipped with a simple protective shell, which can reduce the amount of insulation material, reduce the weight of the pipe and the installation space requirement, make the storage and transportation device 1000 more compact, and facilitate mobile scenarios such as vehicle-mounted and ship-mounted applications.

[0102] In other embodiments, the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas and the liquid heat exchange medium have the same temperature. It can be understood that when the temperature of the hydrogen gas and the liquid heat exchange medium is the same, there is no heat transfer driven by temperature difference between the two, which can eliminate the additional heat exchange loss caused by temperature imbalance.

[0103] That is, since the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas and the liquid heat exchange medium have the same temperature, on the one hand, it can prevent the liquid heat exchange medium from inputting heat to the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, thereby ensuring the stability of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas, and on the other hand, it can ensure that the liquid heat exchange medium can continuously absorb heat, increasing the hydrogen storage and transportation time.

[0104] For example, if the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is lower than that of the hydrogen gas, it will excessively absorb the heat of the hydrogen gas during heat exchange, causing the pressure of the hydrogen gas to fluctuate; conversely, if the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is higher than that of the hydrogen gas, it may cause the hydrogen gas to warm up and vaporize. The same temperature can ensure that the heat exchange process is only used to maintain system stability, reduce unnecessary energy consumption, and improve overall thermal efficiency.

[0105] At the same time, the same temperature means that the liquid nitrogen does not need to consume additional cold to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen gas, and the entire cold can be used to deal with the heat intrusion (such as environmental heat radiation and equipment friction heat) during storage and transportation. Taking the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage and transportation device 1000 as an example, the external environmental heat continuously penetrates during driving, and the design of the same temperature can accurately match the actual demand of the liquid nitrogen cold, reduce the evaporation loss, and improve the utilization rate of the liquid nitrogen.

[0106] In the above scheme, the liquid heat exchange medium has the same temperature as the hydrogen, which can further reduce the probability of hydrogen endothermic vaporization and improve the storage and transportation reliability. At the same time, there is no need to adjust the temperature difference between the hydrogen and the heat exchange medium, which can greatly simplify the temperature control system. In the traditional design, the temperature of the two is balanced through complex sensors, controllers and regulating valves; when the temperature is consistent, only the environmental heat interference needs to be monitored, which reduces the complexity of the control system, reduces the equipment failure rate and maintenance cost.

[0107] In some other embodiments, the liquid heat exchange medium has a first boiling point, and the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen has a first temperature zone, and the first boiling point is located in the first temperature zone.

[0108] It can be understood that the liquid heat exchange medium will vaporize when it reaches the boiling point in the first temperature zone, releasing a large amount of latent heat of phase change. Taking liquid nitrogen as an example, the liquid nitrogen can efficiently absorb the excess heat generated by the hydrogen due to environmental heat intrusion or filling when it vaporizes in the temperature zone. Compared with simple sensible heat exchange, the refrigerating capacity of the phase change process is significantly improved, ensuring that the hydrogen temperature is always maintained within a safe range and avoiding hydrogen loss due to heat accumulation.

[0109] In addition, when the first boiling point is in the first temperature zone, the liquid heat exchange medium will automatically adjust the vaporization amount according to the hydrogen temperature. When the hydrogen temperature approaches the upper limit of the boiling point, the liquid heat exchange medium vaporizes faster and absorbs more heat; when the temperature decreases to the lower limit of the boiling point, the vaporization slows down and the cold energy loss is reduced. This adaptive mechanism can achieve precise temperature control without complex temperature control adjustment, and is especially suitable for dynamic storage and transportation scenarios such as vehicle or ship, which are frequently shaken and shaken.

[0110] In the above scheme, if the boiling point is higher than the upper limit of the first temperature zone, the liquid heat exchange medium cannot vaporize in time to dissipate heat, which may cause the hydrogen temperature to continuously rise, causing the pressure to suddenly increase and causing hydrogen loss; if the boiling point is lower than the lower limit of the temperature zone, the liquid heat exchange medium vaporizes too early, which will cause waste of cold energy and cannot meet the storage and transportation requirements, and the gaseous medium has poor thermal conductivity, which reduces the heat exchange efficiency.

[0111] That is, since the first boiling point of the liquid heat exchange medium is located in the first temperature zone of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen, on the one hand, the liquid heat exchange medium can vaporize after absorbing the heat of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen, and on the other hand, it can avoid the liquid heat exchange medium from vaporizing too early and improve the storage and transportation capacity.

[0112] In some other embodiments, the heat exchange pipe 130 is multiple, for example, two or three, and the multiple heat exchange pipes 130 are arranged at intervals. It can be understood that the multiple heat exchange pipes 130 are arranged at intervals, which directly increases the contact area with the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen. It can more efficiently absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen due to environmental heat intrusion or filling, and ensure the stability of the hydrogen temperature.

[0113] The heat exchange pipes 130 arranged at intervals can divide the hydrogen flow path of the first sub-chamber 110 into multiple small channels, forcing the hydrogen to be uniformly distributed and fully contacted with the heat exchange pipes 130. During the hydrogen filling process, the local area is prevented from being overheated due to excessive flow rate, so that the hydrogen temperature in the whole chamber is uniformly and stably maintained, the temperature difference fluctuation range is reduced, and the hydrogen loss caused by local overheating is prevented.

[0114] For example, by increasing or decreasing the number of heat exchange pipes 130, the heat exchange capacity of the system can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different hydrogen storage requirements.

[0115] For example, the arrangement at intervals makes each heat exchange pipe 130 relatively independent, so that during maintenance, the faulty pipe can be quickly located and isolated for processing.

[0116] In other embodiments, the heat exchange pipe 130 includes a pipe body and heat exchange fins, the pipe body has a heat exchange flow channel 131 therein, and the heat exchange fins protrude from the outer surface of the pipe body. It can be understood that the heat exchange fins protruding from the outer surface of the pipe body can further increase the heat exchange area. In the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation, more heat exchange area can more quickly absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen due to the invasion of environmental heat or filling, so as to ensure that the hydrogen temperature is always stable and avoid hydrogen loss caused by temperature fluctuation.

[0117] In addition, the presence of the fins can disturb the boundary layer of hydrogen and the pipe surface, and promote the degree of fluid turbulence. During the hydrogen flow process, the fins make the boundary layer thinner, increase the heat exchange coefficient, and significantly improve the heat transfer efficiency. For example, during the hydrogen filling stage, the fins accelerate heat exchange, which can reduce the hydrogen temperature fluctuation range and help reduce hydrogen loss.

[0118] In the limited storage and transportation space, the heat exchange fins increase the heat exchange area through the "three-dimensional expansion" method, avoid the space crowding caused by simply increasing the number of heat exchange pipes 130, make the internal structure of the tank body more compact, and at the same time meet the same heat exchange demand, so as to leave more space for hydrogen storage.

[0119] For example, by adjusting the height, spacing and number of fins, different heat exchange requirements can be flexibly adapted. In a high-temperature environment, the fin density is increased to improve the heat exchange capacity; in a low-temperature environment, the fin spacing is appropriately increased to prevent frost blocking. This design enables the storage and transportation device 1000 to operate efficiently in a wide temperature range environment, improving the adaptability of the system.

[0120] In other embodiments, the storage and transportation device 1000 is also provided with an insulating layer, the insulating layer is wrapped on the outer surface of the shell 100, and the insulating layer at least includes a glass fiber layer. It can be understood that the glass fiber can effectively block the invasion of external heat through conduction into the shell 100, reducing the risk of hydrogen temperature rise caused by the invasion of environmental heat.

[0121] In the above scheme, the heat insulation layer can effectively reduce the heat exchange between the shell 100 and the outside, reduce the occurrence of heat invasion into the shell 100, and thus can reduce the evaporation loss of the liquid heat exchange medium (such as liquid nitrogen), thereby facilitating long-term storage and transportation. That is, the stable heat insulation environment reduces the working load of the temperature control system.

[0122] For example, if the heat insulation effect is poor, the heat exchange pipe 130 needs to consume more liquid nitrogen cold to maintain the hydrogen temperature; and after the heat insulation layer effectively blocks the heat, the consumption of liquid nitrogen can be reduced, thereby reducing the operating energy consumption of the refrigeration equipment (such as the liquid nitrogen pump 410) during fixed storage and transportation, and prolonging the storage and transportation time of mobile storage.

[0123] In specific embodiments, the application also discloses a liquid level meter 800 and a thermometer 900, both of which are arranged in the second sub-chamber 120 and are used to monitor the liquid nitrogen amount of the liquid heat exchange medium and the temperature of the nitrogen gas after evaporation in the second sub-chamber 120, respectively.

[0124] In a second aspect, the application embodiments propose a filling method, please refer to Figure 4 which is suitable for the storage and transportation device as described in any embodiment, and includes the following steps:

[0125] S1, injecting the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank into the second sub-chamber 120 through the liquid nitrogen pump;

[0126] S2, the liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber 120 enters the heat exchange channel 131 to exchange heat with the hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110;

[0127] S3, injecting the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank into the first sub-chamber 110 through the liquid hydrogen pump.

[0128] The filling method disclosed in the application embodiments first injects liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber 120 through the liquid nitrogen pump, uses its evaporation to quickly reduce the overall temperature of the shell 100, reduces the temperature difference between the liquid hydrogen and the shell 100, helps to reduce the pressure of the boiled liquid hydrogen, and avoids the generation of over-temperature and over-pressure low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen.

[0129] In a third aspect, the application embodiments propose a low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling system, which is suitable for the storage and transportation device as described in any embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 which includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 400, a liquid nitrogen pump 410, an overflow valve 500, an overflow type pressure reducing valve 600, and a hydrogen storage tank 700, wherein the hydrogen storage tank 700 can be a liquid hydrogen storage tank or a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0130] The first inlet pipe 300 is connected with the outlet of the liquid nitrogen pump 410, and the outlet of the liquid nitrogen pump 410 is connected with the liquid nitrogen storage tank 400, so as to input the liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber 120 and the heat exchange flow channel 131. The first inlet pipe 300 inputs the liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber 120, and then the liquid nitrogen exchanges heat with the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen or the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110 through the heat exchange pipe 130.

[0131] The storage and transportation device 1000 is also provided with a nitrogen outlet pipe 310 connected with the heat exchange pipe 130, and the overflow valve 500 is arranged on the nitrogen outlet pipe 310. When the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen is stored losslessly, the heat leakage is overcome by the vaporization of the liquid nitrogen. After the liquid nitrogen is vaporized, the nitrogen gas continues to be discharged from the nitrogen outlet pipe 310 until the pressure of the nitrogen outlet pipe 310 reaches the design pressure of the overflow valve 500, so as to realize the continuous absorption of the heat leakage by the nitrogen gas.

[0132] The storage and transportation device 1000 also includes a hydrogen inlet pipe 320 connected with the hydrogen storage tank 700, and the hydrogen inlet pipe 320 is provided with the overflow type pressure reducing valve 600.

[0133] The hydrogen filling process is briefly described below. Please refer to Figure 2 When the hydrogen storage tank 700 is a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the overflow type pressure reducing valve 600 is opened, and the high-pressure hydrogen is input into the first sub-chamber 110 by the pressure difference between the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the storage and transportation device 1000. At the same time, the liquid nitrogen pump 410 is opened, and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 400 is input into the second sub-chamber 120 and exchanges heat with the normal-temperature hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110, so as to solve the problem of slow filling speed of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling method based on the normal-temperature hydrogen. At the same time, a certain amount of liquid nitrogen is input into the second sub-chamber 120, so as to reserve the cold energy for the long-time lossless storage of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen.

[0134] When the hydrogen storage tank 700 is a liquid hydrogen storage tank, please refer to Figure 3 The liquid hydrogen pump 710 is connected with the inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 700, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen pump 710 is connected with the first inlet pipe 300. First, the liquid nitrogen pump 410 is opened, and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 400 is input into the second sub-chamber 120, so that the liquid nitrogen exchanges heat with the hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110. When the storage and transportation device 1000 reaches the set temperature, the liquid hydrogen pump 710 is opened, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 700 is pumped into the first sub-chamber 110, so as to greatly shorten the time required for hydrogen filling, and realize the super-fast charging of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in the new energy vehicle field.

[0135] Thus, in the embodiment, the pressure difference between the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the first sub-chamber 110 is relied on to realize the input of normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and a hydrogen compressor is no longer needed, and the temperature rise of hydrogen caused by the work of the hydrogen compressor is also avoided. In the present application, heat exchange can be realized in the first sub-chamber 110, and an additional heat exchange system or GM refrigerator is no longer needed, and the construction cost of the hydrogen refueling station is also reduced, which is conducive to the popularization of small hydrogen refueling stations.

[0136] At the same time, the temperature is adjusted by relying on liquid nitrogen, and the pressure is adjusted by relying on the overflow type pressure reducing valve 600. The hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110 is cooled by the liquid nitrogen, and the pressure is not easy to exceed the design pressure specified by the overflow type pressure reducing valve 600, so the hydrogen loss is replaced by nitrogen loss, the cost is reduced, and the safety of the hydrogen refueling station is improved. At the same time, the cold energy of liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen is used to rapidly cool the container and the hydrogen inside, and the refueling time is greatly shortened, and a kind of super-fast charging of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is realized in the field of new energy vehicles.

[0137] When the storage and transportation time is too long to be able to no longer be stored losslessly, only liquid nitrogen needs to be supplemented to the second sub-chamber 120 to further prolong the lossless storage and transportation time. Compared with the original scheme that is difficult to adjust the lossless storage time, the present application is more convenient, and liquid nitrogen is more easily set up than hydrogen, which is convenient for large-scale civilian popularization.

[0138] In a specific embodiment, the present application provides a 35MPa low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless refueling method for heavy trucks and a corresponding liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control cold energy supplementable low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation storage tank structure:

[0139] (1) The design pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is 98MPa, the design pressure of the shell 100 is 35MPa, the overflow type pressure reducing valve 600 reduces the outlet pressure to 35MPa, and the normal-temperature hydrogen is input into the first sub-chamber 110. At the same time, the liquid nitrogen pump 410 is opened, and the liquid nitrogen is input into the second sub-chamber 120. The heat exchange pipe 130 is designed as a straight pipe with fins, and the liquid nitrogen is vaporized in the heat exchange pipe 130 and exchanges heat with the hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110 to reduce the temperature.

[0140] (2) The pressure reducing valve is kept open, and the hydrogen in the first sub-chamber 110 is cooled and the pressure is reduced, so that the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen further enters the first sub-chamber 110 through the overflow type pressure reducing valve 600 until the hydrogen temperature in the first sub-chamber 110 reaches 77K.

[0141] (3) Since heavy trucks have high requirements for endurance and are used continuously, the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage capacity is high, and the lossless storage time is relatively low, so the volume ratio of the first sub-chamber 110 to the second sub-chamber 120 is set to 9:1 by the partition plate 200. The adiabatic layer adopts a low-cost foam adiabatic layer (SOFI).

[0142] (4) In use, the relief valve 500 is designed for a pressure of 35 MPa, and when the nitrogen gas is pressurized to 35 MPa due to endothermic vaporization, it is discharged through the relief valve 500.

[0143] (5) In use, the liquid level meter 800 can measure the amount of liquid nitrogen remaining in the second sub-chamber 120, and the thermometer 900 can measure the temperature of the nitrogen gas in the second sub-chamber 120. The remaining cooling capacity can be calculated based on the properties of the nitrogen, and the remaining lossless storage time of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen can be obtained. The time is reported to the data center in real time through the Internet of Vehicles technology, and the unified safety management of the container is realized.

[0144] In another specific embodiment, the present embodiment provides a 25 MPa low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen efficient lossless filling method for small new energy cars, and a corresponding liquid nitrogen coordinated temperature control cold energy supplementable low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen lossless storage and transportation storage tank structure:

[0145] (1) The outlet pressure of the high-pressure liquid hydrogen pump 710 is designed to be 25 MPa, and the design pressure of the shell 100 is 25 MPa. First, open the liquid nitrogen pump 410 to input liquid nitrogen into the second sub-chamber 120. The heat exchange pipe 130 is designed as a spiral pipe to further improve the cooling speed. The liquid nitrogen is vaporized in the heat exchange pipe 130 and exchanges heat with the hydrogen gas in the first sub-chamber 110 to cool down. When the temperature of the shell 100 drops to a certain value, open the high-pressure liquid hydrogen pump 710 to input the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen gas obtained by converting liquid hydrogen into the first sub-chamber 110 to cool the shell 100 together with the liquid nitrogen, thereby realizing rapid hydrogen filling of small new energy cars.

[0146] (2) When the hydrogen density in the first sub-chamber 110 reaches 55.6 kg / m 3 (77K, 25MPa low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen corresponding density) stop filling low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and the filling is completed.

[0147] (3) Since the small new energy cars have relatively low requirements for endurance, and the use frequency will be changed according to the needs of the users, the requirement for the storage amount of low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen is relatively low, and the lossless storage time is high. Therefore, the volume ratio of the volume of the first sub-chamber 110 to the volume of the second sub-chamber 120 is set to 5:1 through the partition plate 200. The adiabatic layer adopts a variable density multilayer insulation layer (VDMLI) with good adiabatic effect.

[0148] (4) In use, the relief valve 500 is designed for a pressure of 25 MPa, and when the nitrogen gas is pressurized to 25 MPa due to endothermic vaporization, it is discharged through the relief valve 500.

[0149] (5) In use, the liquid level meter can measure the remaining liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber 120, and the thermometer can measure the temperature of the nitrogen in the second sub-chamber 120. The remaining cooling capacity of the nitrogen can be calculated according to the properties of the nitrogen, and the remaining lossless storage time of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen can be obtained. The time is reported to the data center in real time through the Internet of Vehicles technology, and the data center decides whether to remind or process the situation to the vehicle owner.

[0150] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising", "containing", or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such that processes, methods, articles or devices that comprise a list of elements do not only include those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or other elements inherent to such processes, methods, articles or devices. Without more limitations, the element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0151] Each of the embodiments in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the part of the method embodiment.

[0152] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application and does not limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

[0153] Although the embodiments of the present application are described in conjunction with the drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such modifications and changes fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A liquid nitrogen-assisted temperature-controlled low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen non-destructive storage and transportation device, characterized in that, The application relates to a hydrogen storage and transportation device. The device comprises a shell, a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber in the shell, the first sub-chamber is used for storing low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, and the second sub-chamber is used for storing liquid heat exchange medium. The liquid heat exchange medium is liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen and the liquid heat exchange medium is the same. The device further comprises a heat exchange pipe, the heat exchange pipe is arranged in the first sub-chamber, the heat exchange pipe has a heat exchange flow channel, one end of the heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the second sub-chamber, and the other end of the heat exchange flow channel penetrates through the shell to be communicated with the outside.

2. The storage and transport device of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises a partition plate, the partition plate is arranged in the shell to divide the internal space of the shell into the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber.

3. The storage and transport device of claim 2, wherein, One end of the heat exchange pipe penetrates through the partition plate, so that the one end of the heat exchange flow channel is communicated with the second sub-chamber.

4. The storage and transport device of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises a first inlet pipe and a first stop valve arranged on the first inlet pipe, the first inlet pipe penetrates through the shell and is communicated with the second sub-chamber.

5. The storage and transport device of claim 4, wherein, Along the radial direction of the first inlet pipe, the first inlet pipe comprises a first inner circumferential surface and a first outer circumferential surface, the first inlet pipe comprises a first vacuum layer, and the first vacuum layer is arranged between the first inner circumferential surface and the first outer circumferential surface.

6. The storage and transport device of claim 5, wherein, The liquid heat exchange medium has a first boiling point, the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen has a first temperature zone, and the first boiling point is located in the first temperature zone.

7. The storage and transport device of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchange pipe is a plurality of heat exchange pipes, and the plurality of heat exchange pipes are arranged at intervals.

8. The storage and transport device of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises an insulating layer, the insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the shell, and the insulating layer at least comprises a glass fiber layer.

9. A method of filling, suitable for a storage and transport device as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The application further relates to a hydrogen storage and transportation method. Liquid nitrogen in a liquid nitrogen storage tank is injected into the second sub-chamber through a liquid nitrogen pump. The liquid nitrogen in the second sub-chamber enters the heat exchange flow channel to exchange heat with hydrogen in the first sub-chamber. Liquid hydrogen in a liquid hydrogen storage tank is injected into the first sub-chamber through a liquid hydrogen pump.

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