TVS tube state detection circuit, efuse protection circuit and method

Abstract

The application discloses a TVS tube state detection circuit, an EFUSE protection circuit and a method, relates to the technical field of electronic fuses, and can effectively detect whether the state of a TVS tube is normal by monitoring the input voltage of a device to be protected and the current flowing through the TVS tube in real time, and then when the TVS tube fails, the system can timely identify and take corresponding measures, for example, switching to a backup TVS tube, so as to avoid damage of the EFUSE circuit caused by failure of the TVS tube. The real-time monitoring and automatic switching mechanism improves the reliability and stability of the system, and reduces the maintenance cost and downtime.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic fuse technology, and in particular to TVS diode status detection circuits, EFUSE protection circuits and methods. Background Technology

[0002] Server racks, as solutions for high computing power and other demands, utilize 54V power supplies, making electrically programmable fuses (EFUSEs) widely applicable. Scenarios such as hot-swapping can easily generate surge voltages, requiring transient voltage suppressors (TVS) to suppress and protect circuit components.

[0003] How to detect the state of TVS diodes in order to provide stable and effective protection for EFUSE circuits is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a TVS diode status detection circuit, an EFUSE protection circuit, and a method to provide stable and effective protection for EFUSE circuits.

[0005] This application provides a TVS diode state detection circuit, including: a voltage sampling module, a first current sampling module, a first switching module, and a first controller;

[0006] The voltage sampling module has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switch module and the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the input voltage at the voltage input terminal to obtain a voltage sampling signal.

[0007] The first current sampling module has a first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switching module, a second input terminal grounded through the first TVS transistor, and an output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the current flowing through the first TVS transistor to obtain a first current sampling signal.

[0008] The first switch module has a control terminal connected to the first controller and is used to turn on or off under the control of the first controller.

[0009] The first controller is used to generate state detection information based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal.

[0010] This application also provides an EFUSE protection circuit, including: a voltage sampling module, a first switching module, a first current sampling module, a first TVS diode, a second switching module, a second TVS diode, and a first controller;

[0011] The voltage sampling module has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switch module, the second terminal of the second switch module, and the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the input voltage at the voltage input terminal to obtain a voltage sampling signal.

[0012] The first current sampling module has a first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switching module, a second input terminal grounded through the first TVS transistor, and an output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the current flowing through the first TVS transistor to obtain a first current sampling signal.

[0013] A first controller is configured to generate a first control signal and a second control signal based on a voltage sampling signal and a first current sampling signal;

[0014] The first switch module has its control terminal connected to the first controller and is used to turn off according to the first control signal;

[0015] The second switch module has its second terminal grounded through a second TVS diode, and its control terminal connected to the first controller, and is used to turn on according to the second control signal.

[0016] This application also provides a control method for the EFUSE protection circuit.

[0017] The EFUSE protection circuit includes: a voltage sampling module, a first switching module, a first current sampling module, a first TVS diode, a second switching module, a second current sampling module, a second TVS diode, and a first controller; the voltage sampling module has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switching module, the second terminal of the second switching module, and the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller; the first current sampling module has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switching module, its second input terminal grounded through the first TVS diode, and its output terminal connected to the first controller; the first switching module has its control terminal connected to the first controller; the first switching module has its second terminal grounded through the first TVS diode, and its control terminal connected to the first controller; the method includes:

[0018] Obtain the voltage sampling signal of the input voltage at the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected;

[0019] Acquire the first current sampling signal flowing through the first TVS diode;

[0020] Based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal, a first control signal is output to the first switching module, and a second control signal is output to the second switching module.

[0021] This application also provides an electronic device, including: a memory for storing a computer program; and a processor for implementing the steps of any of the above-described TVS tube state detection methods when executing the computer program.

[0022] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of any of the above-described TVS tube state detection methods.

[0023] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described TVS tube state detection methods.

[0024] This application enables real-time monitoring of the input voltage of the protected device and the current flowing through the TVS diode. This effectively detects the normal status of the TVS diode, allowing the system to promptly identify and take appropriate measures when a TVS diode malfunctions, such as switching to a backup TVS diode. This prevents damage to the EFUSE circuit due to TVS diode failure. This real-time monitoring and automatic switching mechanism improves system reliability and stability, and reduces maintenance costs and downtime. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an EFUSE power supply system provided for related technologies;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the TVS diode state detection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the TVS diode state detection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the EFUSE protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the control method for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the control method for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 7A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between TVS tube power and pulse width provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the control device for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this application.

[0035] Figure label:

[0036] 201: Voltage sampling module; 202: First switching module; 203: First controller; 204: First current sampling module; 205: Analog-to-digital converter; 206: Second controller; D21: First TVS diode; D22: Second TVS diode; R21: First resistor; R22: Second resistor; R30: Third resistor; G21: First switching transistor; G22: Second switching transistor; R28: Fourth resistor; R27: Fifth resistor; R29: Sixth resistor; C25: First capacitor; C26: Second capacitor; F21: Fuse; PU22: First amplifier. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," etc., in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0039] The rise of server racks, as a comprehensive solution to meet the demands for high computing power, low energy consumption, and rapid deployment, clearly demonstrates the industry's trend of transforming from "computing" to "intelligent computing." With the popularization of liquid cooling technology and the unification of industry standards, server racks are bound to further become a core infrastructure for achieving green and intelligent data centers.

[0040] Against this backdrop, server racks typically use copper busbars to provide 54V power to single-node servers, leading to the increasingly widespread use of 54V electrically programmable fuses (EFUSE). However, in scenarios involving hot-swapping, output overcurrent protection, and output short-circuit protection, circuit voltage is highly susceptible to instantaneous surge pulses. To prevent damage to various components in the circuit, transient voltage suppressors (TVS) are needed to suppress these surge pulses.

[0041] In related technologies, such as Figure 1 As shown, a TVS diode D11 is added to the voltage input terminal VIN of the EFUSE circuit PU11. During hot-swapping, output overcurrent protection, and output short-circuit protection, when a surge pulse voltage momentarily appears on the protected circuit P54V_INPUT, the TVS diode D11 can quickly Zener break down, changing from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, thus shunting and clamping the surge voltage, protecting the components in the circuit from damage by the instantaneous surge pulse voltage. However, in a 54V EFUSE power supply system, the TVS diode's status cannot be monitored. Therefore, when the TVS diode ages or fails, losing its original protective function, it can damage the EFUSE circuit, causing the system to malfunction, and in severe cases, even posing a risk of board burnout.

[0042] To solve the above problems, the inventors of this application have discovered that by detecting the input voltage of the EFUSE, the status of the TVS diode can be determined based on the changes in the input voltage, so that further processing can be carried out after a fault occurs, such as cutting out the faulty TVS diode and putting the spare TVS diode into use, thereby achieving stable protection for the EFUSE.

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the TVS diode state detection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ,like Figure 2As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a TVS diode state detection circuit. The circuit is described in detail below: The circuit includes: a voltage sampling module 201, a first switch module 202, a first current sampling module 204, and a first controller 203; the voltage sampling module 201 has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switch module 202 and the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller 203, for sampling the input voltage of the voltage input terminal and outputting the collected voltage sampling signal to the first controller 203; the first current sampling module 204 has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switch module 202, its second input terminal grounded through the first TVS diode D21, and its output terminal connected to the first controller 203, for sampling the current flowing through the first TVS diode D21 and outputting the collected first current sampling signal to the first controller 203; the first switch module 202 has its control terminal connected to the first controller 203, for turning on or off under the control of the first controller 203; the first controller 203 is specifically used to generate state detection information based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal.

[0045] In this embodiment, the device to be protected can be an EFUSE execution module. The first controller 203 can be a digital signal processor (DSP), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0046] In the specific operation process, the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected receives the input voltage, performs voltage conversion on the input voltage, and provides power supply voltage to the first controller 203. After the first controller 203 is powered on, it can output a first control signal to the first switch module 202, causing the first switch module 202 to conduct and the first TVS diode D21 to be put into use. The input voltage is divided by the resistor of the voltage sampling module 201 to obtain a voltage sampling signal, and the voltage sampling signal is sent to the first controller 203. The first current sampling module 204 samples the current flowing through the first TVS diode D21 and sends the collected first current sampling signal to the first controller 203. The first controller 203 generates status detection information of the first TVS diode D21 based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal, such as whether the first TVS diode D21 is in normal use or in a fault state. If the first TVS diode D21 is faulty, the first control signal can be pulled low to turn off the first switch module 202, disconnecting the first TVS diode D21. Alternatively, the system can check if the first TVS diode D21 meets the current power requirements; if not, the backup second TVS diode D22 can be switched in. This embodiment can not only monitor the input voltage but also sample the current flowing through the TVS diode. This dual monitoring mechanism allows the first controller 203 to more accurately determine the operating state of the TVS diode. Combining the voltage and first current sampling signals, the system can more accurately detect abnormal states of the TVS diode, such as open circuit, overcurrent, or short circuit, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of fault detection. This design enhances the circuit's protection capabilities, ensures the stable operation of the protected equipment (e.g., EFUSE circuits), further reduces the system risk caused by TVS diode failures, and improves the reliability and security of the data center.

[0047] In some embodiments, the TVS diode status detection circuit may further include a second controller 206. The second controller 206 is connected to the first controller 203 and is used to receive the status detection information of the first TVS diode D21 output by the first controller 203, so as to push the status detection information to the display interface to inform the user. The second controller 206 may be a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC).

[0048] The TVS diode status detection circuit provided in this application can effectively detect whether the TVS diode is in normal condition by real-time monitoring the input voltage of the device to be protected and the current flowing through the TVS diode. Therefore, when a TVS diode fails, the system can promptly identify the fault and take corresponding measures, such as switching to a backup TVS diode, thereby preventing damage to the EFUSE circuit due to TVS diode failure. This real-time monitoring and automatic switching mechanism improves the reliability and stability of the system and reduces maintenance costs and downtime.

[0049] In some embodiments, a graded triggering multi-TVS parallel protection method can be proposed to address the potential failure of a single-stage TVS under extreme surges. Specifically, multiple TVS transistors with different breakdown voltages (Vbr) are connected in parallel, and a first controller 203 monitors the first current sampling signal of the first current sampling module 204. When an extreme surge occurs, the first-stage TVS transistor activates first; if the surge energy is too large, its clamping voltage will rise. The controller identifies, through the current sampling signal, that this voltage exceeds the breakdown threshold of the second-stage or third-stage TVS transistor, and then actively activates the second-stage or third-stage TVS transistor, or both. The multiple TVS transistors simultaneously discharge current, thereby distributing the huge surge power across the load, avoiding the risk of a single-stage TVS burning out due to overload, and significantly improving the circuit's survivability and reliability under extreme conditions.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first current sampling module 204 includes a third resistor R30 and a first amplifier PU22. The third resistor R30 has its first end connected to the second end of the first switching module 202 and the first input end of the first amplifier PU22, and its second end connected to the second input end of the first TVS diode D21 and the first amplifier PU22. It is used to sample the current flowing through the first TVS diode D21 and output the initial sampling signal to the first amplifier PU22. The first amplifier PU22 has its output end connected to the first controller 203. It is used to amplify the initial sampling signal to obtain a first current sampling signal and output the first current sampling signal to the first controller 203. In this embodiment, by introducing the third resistor R30 and the first amplifier PU22 into the first current sampling module 204, the current flowing through the TVS diode can be accurately sampled and amplified. The third resistor R30 provides the initial first current sampling signal, and the first amplifier PU22 amplifies this signal, ensuring the accuracy and sensitivity of the first current sampling signal. In this way, the first controller 203 can more accurately monitor and judge the state of the TVS tube, improve the accuracy and response speed of fault detection, and thus enhance the protection capability and reliability of the system.

[0051] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the TVS protection circuit 1 detects the current flowing through the first TVS transistor D21 through the precision resistor (i.e., the third resistor) R30, and connects it to the input terminals RS+ and RS- of the precision amplifier (i.e., the first amplifier) ​​PU22. After amplification, the output ISENSE_TVS1 is input to the INA+ and INA- of the analog-to-digital converter 205, and then output to the first controller 203 after processing by the analog-to-digital converter 205.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the voltage sampling module 201 includes a first resistor R21 and a second resistor R22. The first end of the first resistor R21 is connected to the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, and the second end is connected to the first end of the second resistor R22 and the first controller 203. The second end of the second resistor R22 is grounded. In this embodiment, the voltage sampling module 201 forms a resistor divider structure by introducing the first resistor R21 and the second resistor R22, used to sample the input voltage of the device to be protected. This voltage divider circuit can convert a higher input voltage into a lower voltage signal suitable for processing by the first controller 203, thereby ensuring the safety and accuracy of voltage sampling. This design not only simplifies the circuit structure but also improves the stability and reliability of the voltage signal, enabling the first controller 203 to more accurately monitor changes in the input voltage, promptly identify and respond to abnormal conditions of the TVS diode, and thus improve the protection capability and operational stability of the entire system.

[0053] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the input voltage P54V_INPUT is input to the voltage input terminal VIN of the EFUSE circuit of the device to be protected. Through resistors R23 and R24, a voltage divider is formed, resulting in P54V_STBY_EN, which is then input to the EN terminal of the EFUSE execution module to control its operation. When the value of P54V_STBY_EN exceeds the threshold of the EN terminal of the EFUSE execution module, the EFUSE execution module starts working, and the output voltage P54V_STBY rises according to a set slope. When the output voltage P54V_STBY reaches a certain level, P54V_STBY_PG becomes high and can be input to the first controller 203 to monitor the EFUSE power supply system. If the EFUSE execution module malfunctions, P54V_STBY_PG becomes low. The input voltage P54V_INPUT is divided by the first resistor R21 and the second resistor R22 to obtain the voltage sampling signal VSENSE_P54V_INPUT, which is then transmitted to the first controller 203 through the analog-to-digital converter 205.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the first switch module 202 includes: a first switch transistor G21, a second switch transistor G22, a fourth resistor R28, a fifth resistor R27, a sixth resistor R29, a first capacitor C25, and a second capacitor C26; the first switch transistor G21 has its first terminal connected to the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, its second terminal connected to the first TVS transistor D21, and its control terminal connected to the second terminal of the second switch transistor G22 through the fourth resistor R28, for turning on or off under the control of the second switch transistor G22; the second switch transistor G22 has its first terminal grounded, and its control terminal connected to the first... A controller 203 is connected to turn the TVS transistor on or off under the control of the first controller 203. A fifth resistor R27 and a first capacitor C25 are connected in parallel between the first terminal of the first switch G21 and its control terminal to dampen the oscillation signal between them. A sixth resistor R29 and a second capacitor C26 are connected in parallel between the first terminal of the second switch G22 and its control terminal to dampen the oscillation signal between them. In this embodiment, the first switch module 202, by introducing multiple components including the first switch G21, the second switch G22, and related resistors and capacitors, forms a complex control circuit. The combination of the first switch G21 and the second switch G22 enables the system to precisely control the connection or disconnection of the TVS transistor under the command of the first controller 203. By connecting a fifth resistor R27, a first capacitor C25, a sixth resistor R29, and a second capacitor C26 in parallel between the control terminals of the first switching transistor G21 and the second switching transistor G22 and their corresponding terminals, oscillations in the control signal can be effectively suppressed. This damping design reduces electromagnetic interference and oscillations during switching operations, improves the stability and reliability of switching actions, thereby ensuring the smoothness and safety of the TVS transistor switching process, and further enhancing the anti-interference capability of the entire circuit and the overall stability of the system.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the TVS diode status detection circuit also includes a fuse F21; the first terminal of fuse F21 is connected to the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, and the second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first switch module 202. In this embodiment, the introduction of fuse F21 into the TVS diode status detection circuit further enhances the circuit's protection mechanism. Fuse F21, connected between the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected and the first terminal of the first switch module 202, provides an additional safety barrier. When an abnormal current or short circuit occurs in the circuit, fuse F21 can quickly melt, cutting off the current path and preventing overcurrent from damaging other components in the circuit. This design not only protects the TVS diode and the EFUSE circuit but also enables timely detection of abnormal TVS diode conditions, allowing for appropriate protective measures to be taken.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the TVS diode state detection circuit also includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 205. The ADC 205 has its first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the voltage sampling module 201, and its output terminal connected to the first controller 203. It is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage sampling signal to obtain a digital voltage signal, and then outputs the digital voltage signal to the first controller 203. In this embodiment, by introducing the ADC 205 into the TVS diode state detection circuit, the accuracy and processing capability of voltage monitoring are significantly improved. The ADC 205 is connected between the output terminal of the voltage sampling module 201 and the first controller 203, responsible for converting the analog voltage sampling signal into a digital signal. This conversion process enables the first controller 203 to receive and process voltage information in digital form, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of data processing. Digital signals are easier to store, analyze, and transmit, facilitating complex algorithm processing and real-time monitoring. Furthermore, digital processing reduces noise and errors that may be introduced during analog signal transmission, further enhancing the reliability and stability of the system and providing a solid foundation for accurately determining the state of the TVS diode.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the analog-to-digital converter 205, with its second input terminal connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module, is also used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the first current sampling signal to obtain a digital current signal, which is then output to the first controller 203. In this embodiment, the analog-to-digital converter 205 not only performs analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage sampling signal but also converts the first current sampling signal to generate a digital current signal. This dual conversion capability enables the first controller 203 to simultaneously receive voltage and current data in digital form, providing more comprehensive monitoring information. The digitized voltage and current signals improve the accuracy and speed of data processing and reduce noise and errors in analog signal transmission. This design enhances the system's diagnostic capabilities and response speed, helps to more accurately determine the state of the TVS diode, and improves the overall reliability and safety of the circuit.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the EFUSE protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4As shown, the EFUSE protection circuit includes: a voltage sampling module 201, a first switch module 202, a first current sampling module 204, a first TVS diode D21, a second switch module 207, a second TVS diode D22, and a first controller 203. The voltage sampling module 201 has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switch module 202, the second terminal of the second switch module 207, and the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected. Its output terminal is connected to the first controller 203. It is used to sample the input voltage at the voltage input terminal and output the collected voltage sampling signal to the first controller 203. The first current sampling module 204 has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switch module 202, and its second input terminal grounded through the first TVS diode D21. Its output terminal is connected to the first controller 203. It is used to sample the current flowing through the first TVS diode D21 and output the collected first current sampling signal to the first controller 203. The first controller 203 is specifically used to generate a first control signal and a second control signal based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal. The first switch module 202 has its control terminal connected to the first controller 203 and is used to turn off according to the first control signal. The second switch module 207 has its second terminal grounded through the second TVS diode D22 and its control terminal connected to the first controller 203, and is used to turn on according to the second control signal.

[0059] In the specific work process, such as Figure 3As shown, the input voltage P54V_INPUT is input to the voltage input terminal VIN of the EFUSE circuit of the device to be protected. Through resistors R23 and R24, a voltage divider is formed, resulting in P54V_STBY_EN, which is then input to the EN terminal of the EFUSE execution module to control its operation. When the value of P54V_STBY_EN exceeds the threshold of the EN terminal of the EFUSE execution module, the EFUSE execution module starts working, and the output voltage P54V_STBY rises according to a set slope. When the output voltage P54V_STBY reaches a certain level, P54V_STBY_PG becomes high and can be input to the first controller 203 to monitor the EFUSE power supply system. If the EFUSE execution module malfunctions, P54V_STBY_PG becomes low. The input voltage P54V_INPUT is divided by the first resistor R21 and the second resistor R22 to obtain the voltage sampling signal VSENSE_P54V_INPUT. VSENSE_P54V_INPUT is then transmitted to the first controller 203 via the analog-to-digital converter 205. The first controller 203 determines whether the first TVS diode D21 is faulty based on the voltage sampling signal. If so, it can output a first control signal to the first switch module 202 to turn off the first switch module 202, thus cutting off the TVS protection circuit 1 where the first TVS diode D21 is located. It can also output a second control signal to the second switch module 207 to close the second switch module 207, thus activating the TVS protection circuit 2.

[0060] In specific work processes, such as Figure 3As shown, the input voltage P54V_INPUT is input to the voltage input terminal VIN of the EFUSE circuit of the device to be protected. Through resistors R23 and R24, a voltage divider is formed, resulting in P54V_STBY_EN, which is then input to the EN terminal of the EFUSE execution module to control its operation. When the value of P54V_STBY_EN exceeds the threshold of the EN terminal of the EFUSE execution module, the EFUSE execution module starts working, and the output voltage P54V_STBY rises according to a set slope. When the output voltage P54V_STBY reaches a certain level, P54V_STBY_PG becomes high and can be input to the first controller 203 to monitor the EFUSE power supply system. If the EFUSE execution module malfunctions, P54V_STBY_PG becomes low. The input voltage P54V_INPUT is divided by the first resistor R21 and the second resistor R22 to obtain the voltage sampling signal VSENSE_P54V_INPUT. The VSENSE_P54V_INPUT signal is transmitted to the first controller 203 via the analog-to-digital converter 205. The first controller 203 determines whether the first TVS diode D21 has failed based on the voltage sampling signal. If so, it can output a first control signal to the first switch module 202 to turn off the first switch module 202 and disconnect the TVS protection circuit 1 containing the first TVS diode D21. It can also output a second control signal to the second switch module 207 to close the second switch module 207 and activate the TVS protection circuit 2.

[0061] TVS protection circuit 1 receives the signal DSP_TVS1_EN from the first controller 203 and performs corresponding operations based on the signal's state. When the first controller 203 is powered on, DSP_TVS1_EN=1, MOSFETs Q21 and Q22 are turned on, TVS transistor D21 is activated, and TVS protection circuit 1 enters protection mode. TVS protection circuit 1 detects the current flowing through TVS transistor D21 via precision resistor R30, connects to the input terminals RS+ and RS- of the first amplifier PU22, and amplifies it to output ISENSE_TVS1, which is then input to the INA+ and INA- terminals of analog-to-digital converter 205. Analog-to-digital converter 205 receives the analog voltage ISENSE_TVS1 from TVS protection circuit 1 and converts it into a digital voltage signal. Analog-to-digital converter 205 receives the analog voltage ISENSE_TVS2 from TVS protection circuit 2 and converts it into a digital voltage signal. Analog-to-digital converter 205 receives the input analog voltage VSENSE_P54V_INPUT from the EFUSE execution module and converts it into a digital voltage signal. The digital voltage signal is transmitted to the first controller 203 via differential signaling. The first controller 203 receives ISENSE_TVS1_D0+ / ISENSE_TVS1_D0-, ISENSE_TVS2_D1+ / ISENSE_TVS2_D1-, and VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2+ / VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2- from the analog-to-digital converter 205, and, through a series of complex algorithms, determines the state of transistor D21 in TVS protection circuit 1, whether transistor D21 can meet the surge voltage protection requirements, and whether TVS protection circuit 1 has a fault. When it is determined that the fuse F21 or TVS transistor D21 in TVS protection circuit 1 has failed, DSP_TVS1_EN=0, MOSFETs Q21 and Q22 are not turned on, TVS transistor D21 is not activated, and TVS protection circuit 1 is switched off from protection mode. TVS protection circuit 2 is then activated. In addition, if the TVS tube D21 of TVS protection circuit 1 fails, the fault information is transmitted to the second controller 206 (e.g., BMC control module) via I2C communication.

[0062] If it is determined that TVS diode D21 in TVS protection circuit 1 cannot meet the surge voltage protection requirements, the information indicating that TVS diode D21 in TVS protection circuit 1 cannot meet the requirements is transmitted to the second controller 206 (e.g., the BMC control module), and TVS protection circuit 2 enters the protection state. The second controller 206 (e.g., the BMC control module) receives the status of the TVS diode in TVS protection circuit 1 from the first controller 203 via I2C communication. The EFUSE protection circuit can simultaneously collect voltage and current signals and transmit these signals to the first controller 203 for processing. The first controller 203 generates a first control signal and a second control signal based on the voltage and first current sampling signals, realizing precise control and management of the circuit. This dual sampling mechanism enables the system to monitor the status of the TVS diode more comprehensively and identify abnormal situations in a timely manner. By generating control signals for different switching modules, various countermeasures can be taken when the TVS diode is abnormal, such as switching the TVS diode or adjusting the circuit state, thereby improving the circuit's response speed and protection effect, and enhancing the system's reliability and safety.

[0063] The EFUSE protection circuit provided in this application embodiment achieves dynamic protection and management of the circuit by integrating a voltage sampling module 201, a first switch module 202, a second switch module 207, and corresponding TVS diodes and controllers. The voltage sampling module 201 monitors the input voltage in real time and converts it into a voltage sampling signal, which is then transmitted to the first controller 203. The first controller 203 generates first and second control signals based on this signal, which are used to control the states of the first switch module 202 and the second switch module 207, respectively. When an abnormality is detected in the first TVS diode D21 (e.g., short circuit, open circuit), the first control signal can quickly turn off the first switch module 202, disconnecting it from the first TVS diode D21. Simultaneously, the second control signal can turn on the second switch module 207, connecting the second TVS diode D22 to the circuit for continuous protection. This design achieves automatic switching and redundant protection of the TVS diodes, improving the system's response speed and reliability, and ensuring the safety and stability of the EFUSE circuit under various operating conditions.

[0064] It should be noted that the TVS protection circuit 2 can have the same structure as the TVS protection circuit 1, or it can have a different structure, and it can be designed according to actual needs.

[0065] In some embodiments, the EFUSE protection circuit may further include: a second current sampling module; the second current sampling module has a first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the second switch module 207, a second input terminal grounded through the second TVS diode D22, and an output terminal connected to the first controller 203, for sampling the current flowing through the second TVS diode D22 to obtain a second current sampling signal. In this embodiment, by setting a second current sampling module to sample the current flowing through the second TVS diode D22, the state of the second TVS diode D22 can be detected after it is put into use, so that it can be switched off after a fault occurs.

[0066] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the control method for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 .like Figure 5 As shown, the method includes:

[0067] 501. Obtain the voltage sampling signal of the input voltage terminal of the EFUSE to be protected and the first current sampling signal of the current flowing through the first TVS tube.

[0068] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the EFUSE protection circuit includes: a voltage sampling module 201, a first switch module 202, a first TVS diode D21, a second switch module, a second TVS diode D22, and a first controller 203; the voltage sampling module 201 has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switch module 202, the second terminal of the second switch module, and the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller 203; the first switch module 202 has its second terminal grounded through the first TVS diode D21, and its control terminal connected to the first controller 203. In this embodiment, the execution entity can be the first controller 203.

[0069] 502. Based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal, output a first control signal to the first switch module 202 and output a second control signal to the second switch module.

[0070] The control method for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in this application embodiment acquires the voltage sampling signal of the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected through the voltage sampling module 201, ensuring real-time monitoring of voltage changes. Furthermore, by acquiring the first current sampling signal flowing through the first TVS diode D21, it provides an important basis for judging the circuit state. The first controller 203 then generates and outputs first and second control signals based on the voltage and first current sampling signals, respectively controlling the states of the first and second switching modules. This method enables the system to quickly detect whether there is a fault in the state of the first TVS diode D21 based on changes in voltage or current. In the event of a fault, the system switches off the first TVS diode D21 and puts the second TVS diode D22 into use by switching the switching modules, ensuring the stable operation of the EFUSE protection circuit under various operating conditions.

[0071] In some embodiments, a first control signal is output to a first switch module 202 and a second control signal is output to a second switch module based on a voltage sampling signal and a first current sampling signal. This includes: if the voltage sampling signal is greater than a first threshold, determining the maximum voltage value during the period when the voltage sampling signal is less than a second threshold; determining the maximum current value flowing through the first TVS diode D21 and the sampling time of half the current value based on the first current sampling signal; the second threshold is greater than the first threshold; if the maximum voltage value is greater than a third threshold, determining that the first TVS diode D21 has failed; the first control signal is used to turn off the first switch module 202, and the second control signal is used to turn on the second switch module. If the maximum voltage value is less than the third threshold, determining the theoretical power value based on the power pulse width correspondence and sampling time of the first TVS diode D21, and determining the actual power value based on the maximum voltage value and the maximum current value; if the actual power value is less than or equal to the theoretical power value, updating the recording count; if the updated recording count is greater than a preset count, outputting the second control signal to the second switch module; the second control signal is used to turn on the second switch module.

[0072] In this embodiment, by setting first, second, and third thresholds, the system can effectively monitor and manage the state of the TVS diode. The first threshold represents the breakdown voltage of the first TVS diode D21, the second threshold is the clamping voltage, and the third threshold is the maximum continuous voltage under normal operating conditions. When the voltage sampling signal exceeds the first threshold and determines the maximum voltage value within a period below the second threshold, if this maximum value exceeds the third threshold, it is determined that the first TVS diode D21 has failed. At this time, the system turns off the first switch module 202 through the first control signal and turns on the second switch module through the second control signal, switching to the backup TVS diode. This mechanism utilizes the fast response characteristics of the TVS diode to quickly clamp the voltage under overvoltage conditions, protecting the circuit from damage. This method improves the accuracy and response speed of fault detection, ensures continuous protection and stable operation of the circuit, and enhances the reliability and safety of the system. By acquiring the first current sampling signal, the EFUSE protection circuit can more accurately monitor the current flowing through the first TVS diode D21. When the voltage sampling signal exceeds the first threshold, the system calculates the maximum current value flowing through the first TVS diode D21 and the sampling time of half the current value. If the maximum voltage is less than the third threshold, the system further calculates the theoretical power value based on the power pulse width correspondence and sampling time, and calculates the actual power value by combining the maximum voltage and maximum current values. By comparing the actual power value and the theoretical value, the system can determine the operating status of the TVS diode. If the actual power value is less than or equal to the theoretical value and the number of recordings exceeds the preset number, the system will output a second control signal to activate the second switching module. This multi-layered monitoring and judgment mechanism improves the accuracy of fault detection, ensuring timely switching to backup protection or adding backup protection when the TVS diode experiences open circuit, short circuit, or abnormal power, thus enhancing the system's reliability and safety.

[0073] In this embodiment, the first threshold represents the breakdown voltage of the first TVS diode D21. Specifically, the TVS diode typically operates in reverse cutoff mode, exhibiting high impedance to normal operating voltage and minimal leakage current. The third threshold is the maximum continuous voltage across the device under normal operating conditions, i.e., the rated operating voltage. When the reverse voltage applied across it exceeds its breakdown voltage (first threshold), it undergoes avalanche breakdown instantaneously, entering a low-impedance conduction state and absorbing a large surge current. The volt-ampere characteristic curve of the TVS diode has a very steep rising edge in the breakdown region, meaning that the TVS diode can very effectively clamp the voltage at a clamping voltage level (i.e., the second threshold) higher than the breakdown voltage (i.e., the first threshold).

[0074] In some embodiments, TVS performance may decline with aging but not completely fail. Therefore, monitoring the aging degree of the TVS tube can be increased to raise the level of concern. Specifically, historical data comparison can be added to statistically analyze changes in TVS response time / power tolerance. When the second current sampling module detects a significant current (such as exceeding the set threshold I_trigger) flowing through the TVS tube, a transient impact event is determined to have occurred. The controller records and stores key data for each event: peak current (obtained from the maximum value of the first current sampling signal), duration (the time it takes for the current to fall back below I_trigger after exceeding I_trigger), estimated energy (calculated by integration ∫(I_tvs * V_clamp) dt, where V_clamp can be estimated from the peak current I_peak and the IV characteristic curve of the TVS), and timestamp (recording the absolute time or running time of each event).

[0075] During the initial use of the circuit (or after replacing the TVS), while ensuring the TVS is in pristine condition, record the data from the first N (e.g., 10) effective impact events, calculate their average value as the health baseline, and statistically analyze the time required for the current to rise to its peak value in each subsequent event. Aging may slow down the response time. Calculate the estimated energy absorbed by each event, E_estimate. Plot the curves of "single impact energy value" and "cumulative total absorbed energy" over time. Group impact events with similar peak currents together. Compare events from different periods within the same group. If the clamping voltage (represented by V_clamp) or absorbed energy in recent events is significantly higher than the earlier baseline, it indicates that the TVS performance has degraded and the clamping capability has decreased. The controller has a built-in aging threshold (e.g., cumulative total energy reaches 80% of the TVS's rated energy, or the average single impact energy increases by more than 20% from the baseline). When the monitored data exceeds the threshold, the controller can report a "TVS aging warning" signal through a preset interface (such as I2C, fault flag bit), prompting the system to perform maintenance or prepare redundant protection. In severe aging cases, the system can adopt a more conservative protection strategy, such as shutting down or reducing the power of sensitive loads in advance.

[0076] This embodiment achieves predictive maintenance of TVS diodes by adding software algorithms to the controller, transforming invisible performance degradation into visible data trends, greatly improving the reliability and maintainability of the system, and with almost zero hardware cost.

[0077] The following combination Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The implementation process of the control method for the EFUSE protection circuit is explained in detail. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0078] 601, The first controller 203 pre-programs as follows Figure 7 The relationship between the power of the TVS diode and the pulse width shown is stored in the register.

[0079] 602. The first controller 203 outputs the first control signal DSP_TVS1_EN=1, the MOS transistors Q21 (i.e. the first switch transistor G21) and Q22 (i.e. the second switch transistor G22) are turned on, the first TVS transistor D21 is put into operation, and the TVS protection circuit 1 enters the protection state.

[0080] 603. Continuously monitor the voltages of VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2+ and VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2- to obtain the P54V_INPUT voltage.

[0081] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, TVS protection circuit 1 detects the currents ISENSE_TVS1_DP and ISENSE_TVS1_DN flowing through the first TVS transistor D21 via the third resistor R30. These currents are connected to the input terminals RS+ and RS- of the first amplifier PU22, and after amplification, output ISENSE_TVS1 to the INA+ and INA- terminals of the analog-to-digital converter 205. P54V_INPUT is divided by resistors R21 and R22 to obtain the analog voltage VSENSE_P54V_INPUT, which is then transmitted to the INC+ and INC- terminals of the analog-to-digital converter PU23.

[0082] Analog-to-digital converter 205 converts the analog voltage ISENSE_TVS1 into digital signals ISENSE_TVS1_D0+ and ISENSE_TVS1_D0-, and transmits them to the first controller 203 via differential signals. Analog-to-digital converter 205 also converts the analog voltage VSENSE_P54V_INPUT into digital signals VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2+ and VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2-, and transmits them to the first controller 203 via differential signals. The first controller 203 receives the digital signals ISENSE_TVS1_D0+, ISENSE_TVS1_D0- and VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2+ and VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2- from the analog-to-digital converter 205 in real time and participates in the complex algorithms of steps 603 and 613.

[0083] The first amplifier PU22 can have a gain of 50. The analog-to-digital converter 205 can be a 12-bit, 1.6GHz four-channel analog-to-digital converter. The first controller 203 can operate at a frequency of 1000MHz.

[0084] 604. Determine if P54V_INPUT is greater than V. BR If the TVS (first threshold, i.e., breakdown voltage) is positive, proceed to step 605; otherwise, return to step 603.

[0085] 605. During the time when P54V_INPUT is less than VR_TVS (the second threshold, i.e., clamping voltage): First, continuously detect the voltages of VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2+ and VSENSE_P54V_INPUT_D2- to obtain the P54V_INPUT voltage, save its voltage value, and obtain the maximum voltage value P54V_INPUT_MAX; Second, continuously detect the currents of ISENSE_TVS1_D0+ and ISENSE_TVS1_D0- to obtain the current ID21 flowing through D21, save its current value, and obtain its maximum value ID21_MAX and half current value ID21_HALF, and record their corresponding times Tr and Td respectively.

[0086] 606. Determine whether the maximum voltage value P54V_INPUT_MAX is less than or equal to VMAX_TVS. If not, proceed to step 607; if yes, proceed to step 608.

[0087] 607. Determine that the first TVS tube D21 is faulty, and at the same time transmit the fault information to the second controller 206 (e.g., BMC control module).

[0088] 608. Output DSP_TVS1_EN=0, TVS protection circuit 1 is switched off. Output DSP_TVS2_EN=1, TVS protection circuit 2 enters protection mode.

[0089] 609. According to... Figure 7 The relationship between TVS tube power and pulse width is shown. Find the PPP (KW) power PPP (KW)_Td corresponding to time Td, which is the theoretical power value.

[0090] 610. Calculate the PPP (KW) of the TVS tube: TVS = P54V_INPUT_MAX × ID21_MAX, which is the actual power value.

[0091] 611. Determine whether the actual power value PPP(KW)_TVS is greater than the theoretical power value PPP(KW)_Td. If not, proceed to step 612; if yes, proceed to step 614.

[0092] 612. Increment counter A by 1. If counter A reaches A100, it indicates that the surge voltage of this circuit is large and one TVS diode cannot meet the requirements. The information that the TVS diode cannot meet the requirements is then transmitted to the second controller 206 (e.g., the BMC control module).

[0093] 613. Output DSP_TVS2_EN=1, TVS protection circuit 2 enters protection state.

[0094] 614. Continuously monitor the voltage and current of the first TVS diode D21.

[0095] The control method for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in this application embodiment monitors the state of the first TVS diode D21 in TVS protection circuit 1. When it becomes open-circuited, the system can detect it. Simultaneously, TVS protection circuit 1 is switched off and TVS protection circuit 2 is switched on, preventing damage to the EFUSE module or even board burn-out caused by an open circuit in TVS diode D21. By monitoring the state of the first TVS diode D21 in TVS protection circuit 1, the system can detect a short circuit. Simultaneously, TVS protection circuit 1 is switched off and TVS protection circuit 2 is switched on, preventing surge protection circuit failure or even board burn-out caused by a short circuit in TVS diode D21. By monitoring the state of the first TVS diode D21 in TVS protection circuit 1, the PEAK power when the TVS diode is conducting can be monitored, preventing board burn-out caused by the conduction power of TVS diode D21 exceeding its PPP (kW), and promptly activating TVS protection circuit 2 to meet its surge voltage protection requirements.

[0096] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method.

[0097] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the control device for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. (See attached diagram.) Figure 8 As shown, embodiments of this application also provide a control device 80 for an EFUSE protection circuit, including: an acquisition module 801 and an output module 802.

[0098] The acquisition module 801 is used to acquire the voltage sampling signal of the input voltage at the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected;

[0099] The acquisition module 801 is also used to acquire the first current sampling signal of the current flowing through the first TVS tube;

[0100] The output module 802 is used to output a first control signal to the first switch module and a second control signal to the second switch module based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal.

[0101] The control device for the EFUSE protection circuit provided in this application acquires the voltage sampling signal at the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected through a voltage sampling module, ensuring real-time monitoring of voltage changes. Furthermore, by acquiring the first current sampling signal flowing through the first TVS diode, it provides crucial information for determining the circuit state. The first controller then generates and outputs first and second control signals based on the voltage and first current sampling signals, respectively controlling the states of the first and second switching modules. This method enables the system to quickly detect whether there is a fault in the state of the first TVS diode based on changes in voltage or current. In the event of a fault, the first TVS diode is switched off and the second TVS diode is put into use by switching the switching modules, ensuring the stable operation of the EFUSE protection circuit under various operating conditions.

[0102] In some embodiments, the output module 802 is specifically used to: if the voltage sampling signal is greater than a first threshold, determine the maximum voltage value during the period when the voltage sampling signal is less than a second threshold based on the sampling signal, and determine the sampling time of the half current value based on the first current sampling signal; the second threshold is greater than the first threshold; if the maximum voltage value is greater than a third threshold, determine that the first TVS tube has failed; the first control signal is used to turn off the first switching module, and the second control signal is used to turn on the second switching module.

[0103] In some embodiments, the EFUSE protection circuit further includes a first current sampling module; the first current sampling module has a first input terminal connected to a second terminal of the first switching module, a second input terminal grounded through a first TVS diode, and an output terminal connected to a first controller; the output module 802 is further configured to, if the voltage sampling signal is greater than a first threshold, determine the maximum current value flowing through the first TVS diode and the sampling time of half the current value based on the first current sampling signal; if the maximum voltage value is less than a third threshold, determine the theoretical power value based on the power pulse width correspondence of the first TVS diode and the sampling time, and determine the actual power value based on the maximum voltage value and the maximum current value; if the actual power value is less than or equal to the theoretical power value, update the number of records; if the updated number of records is greater than a preset number, output a second control signal to the second switching module; the second control signal is used to turn on the second switching module.

[0104] For a description of the features in the embodiment of the TVS tube status detection device, please refer to the relevant description of the embodiment of the TVS tube status detection method, which will not be repeated here.

[0105] Figure 9A schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this application. Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device 90 provided in this embodiment includes at least one processor 901 and a memory 902. Optionally, the electronic device 90 further includes a communication component 903. The processor 901, memory 902, and communication component 903 are connected via a bus.

[0106] In the specific implementation process, at least one processor 901 executes computer execution instructions stored in memory 902, causing at least one processor 901 to execute the above-described TVS tube state detection method embodiment.

[0107] The specific implementation process of processor 901 can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar. It will not be repeated here.

[0108] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0109] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0110] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0111] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps in any of the above-described embodiments of the control method for the EFUSE protection circuit.

[0112] In one exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0113] The embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the TVS tube state detection method embodiments described above.

[0114] Embodiments of this application also provide another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the TVS tube state detection method embodiments described above.

[0115] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0116] The TVS diode state detection circuit provided in this application has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A transient voltage suppression diode (TVS) state detection circuit, characterized in that, include: A voltage sampling module, a first current sampling module, a first switching module, and a first controller; The voltage sampling module has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switch module and the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the input voltage of the voltage input terminal to obtain a voltage sampling signal. The first current sampling module has a first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switch module, a second input terminal grounded through a first TVS diode, and an output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the current flowing through the first TVS diode to obtain a first current sampling signal. The first switch module has its control terminal connected to the first controller and is used to turn on or off under the control of the first controller. The first controller is configured to generate state detection information based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal; The first controller is further configured to generate a first control signal and a second control signal based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal; the first control signal is used to control the first switch module to turn off, and the second control signal is used to control the second switch module to turn on; the first terminal of the second switch module is connected to the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, the second terminal is grounded through a second TVS diode, and the control terminal is connected to the first controller.

2. The TVS diode status detection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first current sampling module includes a third resistor and a first amplifier; The third resistor has its first end connected to the second end of the first switching module and the first input end of the first amplifier, and its second end connected to the first TVS tube and the second input end of the first amplifier. It is used to sample the current flowing through the first TVS tube and output the collected initial sampling signal to the first amplifier. The first amplifier, with its output terminal connected to the first controller, amplifies the initial sampling signal to obtain a first current sampling signal and outputs the first current sampling signal to the first controller.

3. The TVS diode status detection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage sampling module includes: a first resistor and a second resistor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, and the second end is connected to the first end of the second resistor and the first controller; the second end of the second resistor is grounded.

4. The TVS diode status detection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switching module includes: a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor; The first switching transistor has its first terminal connected to the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, its second terminal connected to the first TVS transistor, and its control terminal connected to the second terminal of the second switching transistor through the fourth resistor, for turning on or off under the control of the second switching transistor. The second switching transistor has its first terminal grounded and its control terminal connected to the first controller, and is used to turn on or off under the control of the first controller. The fifth resistor and the first capacitor are connected in parallel between the first terminal of the first switching transistor and the control terminal of the first switching transistor, in order to dampen the oscillation signal between the first terminal and the control terminal of the first switching transistor. The sixth resistor and the second capacitor are connected in parallel between the first terminal of the second switch and the control terminal of the second switch, in order to dampen the oscillation signal between the first terminal and the control terminal of the second switch.

5. The TVS diode state detection circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Also includes: Fuse; The fuse has its first end connected to the voltage input terminal of the device to be protected, and its second end connected to the first end of the first switch module.

6. The TVS diode state detection circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Also includes: Analog-to-digital converter; The analog-to-digital converter has a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the voltage sampling module, a second input terminal connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module, and an output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage sampling signal to obtain a voltage digital signal, perform analog-to-digital conversion on the first current sampling signal to obtain a current digital signal, and output the voltage digital signal and the current digital signal to the first controller.

7. The TVS diode state detection circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Also includes: Second controller; The second controller, connected to the first controller, is used to receive the status detection information and push the status detection information.

8. An electronic fuse (EFUSE) protection circuit, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a voltage sampling module, a first switching module, a first current sampling module, a first TVS diode, a second switching module, a second TVS diode, and a first controller. The voltage sampling module has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switch module, the first terminal of the second switch module, and the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the input voltage of the voltage input terminal to obtain a voltage sampling signal. The first current sampling module has a first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switch module, a second input terminal grounded through the first TVS tube, and an output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the current flowing through the first TVS tube to obtain a first current sampling signal. The first controller is configured to generate a first control signal and a second control signal based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal; The first switch module has its control terminal connected to the first controller and is used to turn off according to the first control signal; The second switch module has its second terminal grounded through the second TVS diode, and its control terminal connected to the first controller, for use in turning on according to the second control signal.

9. The EFUSE protection circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a second current sampling module; The second current sampling module has a first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the second switching module, a second input terminal grounded through the second TVS transistor, and an output terminal connected to the first controller. It is used to sample the current flowing through the second TVS transistor to obtain a second current sampling signal.

10. A control method for an EFUSE protection circuit, characterized in that, The EFUSE protection circuit includes: a voltage sampling module, a first switching module, a first current sampling module, a first TVS diode, a second switching module, a second current sampling module, a second TVS diode, and a first controller; the voltage sampling module has its input terminal connected to the first terminal of the first switching module, the first terminal of the second switching module, and the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected, and its output terminal connected to the first controller; the first current sampling module has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first switching module, its second input terminal grounded through the first TVS diode, and its output terminal connected to the first controller; the first switching module has its second terminal grounded through the first TVS diode, and its control terminal connected to the first controller; the second switching module has its second terminal grounded through the second TVS diode, and its control terminal connected to the first controller; the method includes: Obtain the voltage sampling signal of the input voltage at the voltage input terminal of the EFUSE to be protected; Acquire the first current sampling signal flowing through the first TVS transistor; Based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal, a first control signal is output to the first switch module and a second control signal is output to the second switch module; the first control signal is used to turn off the first switch module and the second control signal is used to turn on the second switch module.

11. The control method for the EFUSE protection circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that, The step of outputting a first control signal to the first switching module and a second control signal to the second switching module based on the voltage sampling signal and the first current sampling signal includes: If the voltage sampling signal is greater than a first threshold, then the maximum voltage value during the period when the voltage sampling signal is less than a second threshold is determined based on the voltage sampling signal; the second threshold is greater than the first threshold; the maximum current value flowing through the first TVS tube and the sampling time of half current value are determined based on the first current sampling signal. If the maximum voltage value is greater than the third threshold, it is determined that the first TVS tube has failed, and a first control signal is output to the first switching module and a second control signal is output to the second switching module. If the maximum voltage is less than the third threshold, the theoretical power value is determined according to the power pulse width correspondence of the first TVS tube and the sampling time, and the actual power value is determined according to the maximum voltage and the maximum current value. If the actual power value is less than or equal to the theoretical power value, the number of records will be updated. If the updated number of records is greater than the preset number, then the second control signal is output to the second switch module.

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