Design method of retaining wall inverted filter model box

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a retaining wall inverted filter model box, and relates to the technical field of civil engineering, the retaining wall inverted filter model box comprises a bottom plate, the retaining wall inverted filter model box is characterized in that a baffle and a fixing plate are respectively arranged on two end faces, far away from each other, of the bottom plate, and the bottom plate, the baffle and the fixing plate jointly define a rectangular cavity; first water permeable holes and second water permeable holes are formed in the two fixing plates in an array manner; supporting blocks are arranged between the fixing plates at intervals in the axis direction of the water permeable holes, the supporting blocks are in sliding connection with the baffles, each set of supporting blocks correspond to one water permeable device, and the supporting plates are arranged in the supporting grooves in a penetrating mode and are in sliding connection with the supporting blocks; a plurality of fixing holes are formed in the supporting plate in an array mode, and a mounting groove is formed in the supporting plate in the vertical direction. The adjusting plate is located in the mounting groove and slidably connected with the supporting plate, the adjusting plate is provided with water permeable grooves in one-to-one correspondence with the fixing holes, and the overlapping area of the water permeable grooves and the fixing holes is variable. According to the invention, the design structure is reasonable, the distance between the laminates can be effectively adjusted, and an operator can conveniently and reasonably install different materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, in particular to a design method and system for a retaining wall filter layer model box and the retaining wall filter layer model box. Background Art

[0002] The retaining wall filter layer is a special drainage layer set between the retaining wall and the rock and soil behind the wall. It is a key component of the drainage system. It is mainly used to prevent the loss of fine soil particles and ensure the smooth discharge of groundwater to reduce the water pressure behind the wall, enhance the stability of the retaining wall, and avoid or reduce the adverse effects and impacts of water pressure on the wall.

[0003] In the existing technology, the filter layer of a retaining wall is generally made of 2-4 layers of materials such as sand, gravel or pebbles with different particle sizes. The particles of each layer gradually increase in size along the seepage direction. Particles in any layer are not allowed to pass through the pores of the adjacent coarser layer, and particles in the same layer cannot move relative to each other. Therefore, the particle grading and layer arrangement of the filter layer must be clearly layered according to the layer and thickness requirements, and the construction must be completed in one go.

[0004] When constructing the retaining wall filter layer, the distance between two adjacent layers of plates is fixed, and the number of layers is fixed. Therefore, when performing manual compaction, there will be space limitations, which makes it inconvenient for construction workers to carry out corresponding construction preparation work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] 1) Technical problems solved

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a design method for a retaining wall filter layer model box.

[0007] 2) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a design method for a retaining wall filter layer model box, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: Obtaining design parameters, including soil parameters, water flow conditions, target water permeability and material specifications; based on the design parameters, preliminarily designing the layout of the bottom plate (11), baffle (12), fixing plate (13), support block (18) and water permeability device (2) of the model box;

[0010] Step S2: determining the initial position of the adjustment plate (22) in the water permeable device (2) according to the target water permeability performance, so that the overlapping area of ​​the water permeable groove (221) and the fixed hole (211) meets the preset water permeability threshold;

[0011] Step S3: Based on the initial position, a first water permeability error between the actual water permeability and the target water permeability is calculated by simulating the water permeability process of water flowing through the model box;

[0012] Step S4: adjusting the movement of the adjustment plate (22) or the installation position of the support plate (21) according to the first water permeability error to correct the overlapping area between the water permeable groove (221) and the fixing hole (211);

[0013] Step S5: Based on the corrected parameters of the water permeable device (2), a final structural design scheme of the model box is generated.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the connecting rod (231) is driven to rotate by the hand wheel (236) of the adjustment component (23), thereby driving the first bevel gear (232) to engage with the second bevel gear (233), and then controlling the vertical movement of the adjustment plate (22) through the rack (235) to dynamically adjust the opening area of ​​the water-permeable groove (221).

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the permeability coefficients of the various layers of material in the model box are calculated using hydraulic simulation software, and a permeability performance distribution diagram is generated based on the overlapping area of ​​the permeable groove (221) and the fixed hole (211) to quantify the first permeability error.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S4, if the first water permeability error exceeds the allowable range, the optimal position of the support block (18) in the sliding groove (16) is recalculated, and the support plate (21) is locked by cooperating with the positioning rod (35) of the limiting device (3) and the plug hole (34) to ensure the stability of the water permeable device (2).

[0017] Furthermore, the method further includes step S6: based on the final structural design scheme, the gap between the support plate (21) and the box body (1) is sealed by the abutment plate (263) and the sealing gasket (264) of the sealing component (26), thereby verifying the overall sealing performance and compressive strength of the model box.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S6, different soil pressure conditions are simulated by a loading test, and the displacement of the support rod (251) in the vertical groove (213) is detected. If the displacement exceeds a preset threshold, the stiffness of the second spring (254) of the positioning assembly (25) or the installation position of the limit block (255) is adjusted.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1, the geometric shape of the permeable groove (221) and the arrangement density of the fixed holes (211) are selected according to the soil parameters to prevent the loss of fine particles and meet the drainage requirements.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, the position of the adjustment plate (22) is fixed by engaging the locking block (244) of the support assembly (24) with the serrated locking strip (242) to prevent the water permeable device (2) from deflecting in a vibration environment.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S4, if a residual error still exists after the adjustment, an adaptive algorithm is introduced to optimize the dynamic adjustment path of the water permeable trough (221), or the number of layers of the water permeable device (2) is increased to improve the water permeability accuracy.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S5, the vertical positioning parameters of the support plate (21), the real-time adjustment range of the water-permeable trough (221), and the installation coordinates of the limit device (3) are adapted to the construction requirements of different engineering scenarios.

[0023] 3) Beneficial effects:

[0024] Compared with the existing technology, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention realizes the dynamic adjustment of the overlapping area of ​​the permeable groove and the fixed hole through the sliding design of the support plate and the adjustment plate, which fundamentally solves the limitation of the fixed spacing between the layers of the traditional filter layer model box. Specifically, the operator can drive the connecting rod to rotate through the handwheel of the adjustment component, and accurately control the vertical movement of the adjustment plate through the bevel gear and rack transmission. For example, when the target permeability performance requires a lower flow rate, the overlapping area can be reduced to a preset threshold (such as reducing the opening area by 30%). At the same time, the support plate can slide horizontally along the sliding groove of the baffle, and cooperate with the array arrangement of the support blocks to flexibly adjust the spatial structure of the inner cavity of the box to facilitate filling of sand and gravel materials of different particle sizes (such as coarse gravel, medium sand, and fine sand in layers). In addition, the geometric shape of the permeable groove (rectangular, trapezoidal, wavy) and the fixed hole arrangement density can be dynamically matched according to soil parameters (such as particle grading, permeability coefficient): coarse-grained soil (such as gravel) uses rectangular grooves and sparse holes (50 holes / m 2 , pore diameter 10mm) to ensure drainage efficiency; for sandy soil, trapezoidal grooves and medium-density holes (100 holes / m 2 , pore size 5mm) to prevent particle accumulation; the clay adopts wavy grooves and dense holes (200 holes / m 2 , pore size 2mm), reducing the risk of clogging by increasing water turbulence. This design allows the model box to adapt to a variety of soil types, such as clay, sand, and gravel, preventing the loss of fine particles while meeting different drainage requirements, significantly improving the flexibility and material adaptability of the filter layer construction.

[0026] The present invention constructs a dual stable structure through a limit device and a support assembly, effectively solving the displacement problem of traditional model boxes during tamping construction or vibration environments. In the limit device, the cooperation between the positioning rod and the plug hole can lock the horizontal position of the support plate. The spring provides a 20N preload force to keep the limit plate horizontal. When the support plate is offset by external force, the spring compression force automatically offsets the displacement, ensuring the accuracy of the layer spacing (error ≤ 1mm). For example, during manual tamping, the limit device can withstand lateral forces of more than 100N to prevent the support plate from shaking and causing material stratification disorder. The support assembly fixes the position of the adjustment plate by engaging the locking block with the serrated locking strip. The first spring provides a continuous abutment force, so that the locking block is tightly embedded in the locking strip tooth groove, which can withstand 20N lateral force in a vibration environment below 5Hz, preventing the adjustment plate from vertically displacing due to vibration (displacement ≤ 0.5mm). This design is particularly important in earthquake-prone areas or mechanical construction scenarios. It can ensure that the filter layer maintains stable permeability under dynamic loads and avoid drainage failure or increased particle loss due to device offset. In addition, the design of the adjustable angle of the limit block (0°~90°) further enhances the ability to resist lateral forces (maximum 200N), meeting the stability requirements under different working conditions.

[0027] The present invention achieves precise control of water permeability through a closed-loop process of "parameter acquisition-simulation calculation-error correction". First, based on soil parameters and water flow conditions, finite element analysis is used, the discretized model box is grid units, and the permeability coefficient of each layer is calculated based on Darcy's law to generate a water permeability distribution map, which intuitively displays the flow velocity deviation and particle loss rate. By quantifying the first water permeability error, the system can automatically adjust the movement of the adjustment plate or the installation position of the support plate. For example, when the flow velocity deviation exceeds 10%, the support block coordinates are iteratively optimized through the gradient descent algorithm until the error is reduced to within 2%. If there is still a residual error in the traditional adjustment, an adaptive algorithm can be introduced to optimize the dynamic adjustment path of the water permeable trough, and the water permeability accuracy can be refined by gradient opening area. This simulation-driven design process transforms traditional empirical design into data-based precise optimization, reduces the cost of trial and error, and increases the degree of consistency between the water permeability of the model box and the target value to more than 95%. It is particularly suitable for water conservancy projects or high fill retaining wall projects with high drainage accuracy requirements.

[0028] The application constructs a perfect performance verification system through the sealing assembly and loading test, and guarantees the sealing property and structural safety of the model box in actual application. The sealing assembly adopts rubber abutting plates and sealing pads, and a third spring is used to apply a 50N pre-tightening force, so that the gap leakage rate between the support plate and the box is less than or equal to 0.1L / min, and the failure of the filter layer caused by groundwater leakage is effectively prevented. The loading test simulates 0.1-0.5MPa soil pressure (corresponding to 10-50m filling height) through a hydraulic cylinder, and the displacement of the support rod is monitored in real time: when the displacement exceeds a preset threshold, the spring stiffness can be dynamically adjusted from 30N / mm to 50N / mm or the installation angle of the limiting block (from 45° to 60°), so that the structural deformation is controlled within a safe range. This verification mechanism covers the full working condition scenarios from low load to high soil pressure, for example, in deep foundation pit retaining wall engineering, the model box can withstand 0.5MPa pressure without structural damage.

[0029] The water-permeable structure is arranged, the support plate can slide along the baffle, and then the spatial structure of the inner cavity of the box body can be adjusted, so that the operator can tamp the filling material, the space can be reasonably utilized, different types of materials can be filled, the applicability of the device as a whole is improved, and the operator can conveniently install.

[0030] The limiting device is arranged, the limiting device can stably limit the support plate, and the support plate is prevented from shaking when tamping the filling material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the application;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the cross section of the fixing nail in the application;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the cross section of the installation groove of the support plate in the application;

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the cross section of the support plate in the application Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view of part A in the application;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the horizontal cross section of the support plate in the application;

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the vertical groove of the support plate in the application;

[0037] Figure 7 is a schematic view of the cross section of the support block in the application.

[0038] In the figure, 1, box body; 11, bottom plate; 12, positioning structure; 121, fixing nail; 122, fixing groove; 123, plug-in groove; 124, abutting rod; 125, plug-in rod; 12, baffle; 13, fixing plate; 14, first water-permeable hole; 15, second water-permeable hole; 16, sliding groove; 17, connecting groove; 18, support block; 2, water-permeable device; 21, support plate; 211, fixing hole; 212, installation groove; 2 13. Vertical slot; 214. Horizontal slot; 215. First accommodating slot; 216. Second accommodating slot; 217. Limiting slot; 218. Positioning slot; 22. Adjustment plate; 221. Water-permeable slot; 23. Adjustment assembly; 231. Connecting rod; 232. First bevel gear; 233. Second bevel gear; 234. First gear; 235. Rack; 236. Handwheel; 24. Support assembly; 241. Fixing block; 242. Locking strip;

[0039] 243, first spring; 244, locking block; 25, positioning assembly; 251, support rod; 252, rotating block;

[0040] 253, positioning block; 254, second spring; 255, limit block; 26, blocking assembly; 261, abutment block;

[0041] 262. Connecting rod; 263. Abutment plate; 264. Sealing pad; 265. Third spring; 27. Mounting hole; 3. Limiting device; 31. Sliding rod; 32. Fourth spring; 33. Limiting plate; 34. Insertion hole; 35. Positioning rod; 36. Guide groove; 37. Contact pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The application discloses a design method of a retaining wall reverse filter model box, and comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring design parameters, including soil parameters, water flow conditions, target water permeability and material specifications; based on the design parameters, preliminarily designing the layout of a bottom plate (11), a baffle (12), a fixed plate (13), a supporting block (18) and a water permeation device (2) of the model box; S2, determining the initial position of an adjusting plate (22) in the water permeation device (2) according to the target water permeability, so that the overlapping area of a water permeation groove (221) and a fixed hole (211) meets a preset water permeation threshold; S3, based on the initial position, calculating a first water permeation error between the actual water permeability and the target water permeability by simulating the water permeation process of the model box; S4, adjusting the moving amount of the adjusting plate (22) or the installation position of a supporting plate (21) according to the first water permeation error, so as to correct the overlapping area of the water permeation groove (221) and the fixed hole (211); and S5, generating a final structure design scheme of the model box based on the corrected parameters of the water permeation device (2).

[0045] In some embodiments, the soil parameters include particle gradation and permeability coefficient, the water flow conditions include flow velocity and pressure gradient, and the material specifications include sandstone particle size and compressive strength. The geometric sizes of the bottom plate (11), the baffle (12) and the fixed plate (13) of the model box are determined based on the soil parameters, the water flow conditions, the target water permeability and the material specifications. For example, if the soil is clay (with low permeability coefficient), more dense fixed holes (211) need to be designed to enhance the drainage capacity. The arrangement interval of the supporting block (18) is calculated according to the soil stability requirement, and an empirical formula (such as the Terzaghi formula) is usually used to determine the optimal interval. The geometric shape (such as a rectangle or a trapezoid) of the water permeation groove (221) needs to be matched with the particle size of the soil to prevent the loss of fine particles.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the Terzaghi foundation bearing capacity formula is defined as follows: Terzaghi assumes that the foundation bottom surface is rough, the foundation failure mode is overall shear failure, and the soil above the foundation bottom surface is replaced by a uniform overload q = γD (γ is the specific gravity of the soil, and D is the foundation burial depth), so the formula expression can be expressed as follows:

[0047]

[0048] f c represents the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity (kPa), c represents the cohesion of the soil (kPa), q represents the overload of the soil above the foundation bottom surface (kPa), γ represents the natural specific gravity of the soil (kN / m 3 ), B represents the width of the foundation bottom surface (m), N c , N q , N γ represents the bearing capacity coefficient, and only the internal friction angle of the soil is related The internal friction angle can be calculated by looking up the table or empirical formula. They are 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° respectively, and their N c The corresponding bearing capacity coefficients are 5.71, 9.58, 17.69, 33.30, and 80.15 respectively; N q The corresponding bearing capacity coefficients are 1, 2.47, 7.44, 22.40, and 100.6 respectively; N γ The corresponding bearing capacity coefficients are 0, 0.43, 3.86, 19.70, and 125.4 respectively.

[0049] When calculating the active earth pressure of retaining walls, the Terzaghi formula takes into account the friction angle between the soil and the back of the wall. and cohesion c, the arrangement spacing of the support blocks (18) needs to be calculated by the Terzaghi formula to calculate the soil stability. The soil stability analysis is to evaluate the shear strength of the soil under the action of the support blocks by the Terzaghi foundation bearing capacity formula to avoid local shear failure. The spacing optimization is based on the soil c, The bearing capacity coefficient is calculated based on the actual value, and the appropriate spacing of the support blocks is inferred to ensure that the soil does not slide or deform under the action of the seeping water flow. Empirical correction is to adjust the calculation results of the formula based on actual application, possibly combining test data, for example, to consider the weakening effect of water scouring on the soil strength.

[0050] In some embodiments, in step S2, the hand wheel (236) of the adjustment assembly (23) drives the connecting rod (231) to rotate, driving the first bevel gear (232) to engage with the second bevel gear (233), and then controlling the vertical movement of the adjustment plate (22) through the rack (235) to dynamically adjust the opening area of ​​the permeable groove (221). If the target permeability performance requires a reduced flow rate, the overlapping area is reduced to a preset threshold.

[0051] In some embodiments, in step S3, the permeability coefficients of the materials in each layer of the model box are calculated by hydraulic simulation software, and a permeability performance distribution diagram is generated based on the overlapping area of ​​the permeable groove (221) and the fixed hole (211) to quantify the first permeability error. The permeability performance distribution diagram can intuitively display the flow velocity deviation (such as local overspeed area) and the particle loss rate (such as the loss of fine sand exceeding 5%). The finite element method is to discretize the model box into grid units and calculate the seepage velocity and pressure distribution of each unit based on Darcy's law. For example, in a clay model, the water flow path is relatively tortuous, and the grid needs to be refined to improve the calculation accuracy. The particle loss rate prediction is to combine the particle grading parameters (such as d50=0.5mm) with the critical hydraulic gradient formula to predict the loss risk of fine particles (such as d<0.075mm). If the simulation results show that the loss rate is >5%, the shape of the permeable groove needs to be adjusted (such as changing to a wavy shape to increase the flow resistance).

[0052] In some embodiments, in step S4, if the first water permeability error exceeds the allowable range, such as the flow rate deviation>10%, the optimal position of the support block (18) in the sliding groove (16) is recalculated, and the support plate (21) is locked by the positioning rod (35) of the limit device (3) and the plug hole (34) to ensure the stability of the water permeability device (2). After the positioning rod (35) is inserted into the plug hole (34), the fourth spring (32) provides a preload (such as 20N) to keep the limit plate (33) in a horizontal state. If the support plate (21) is offset by an external force, the spring compression force increases to offset the displacement. The gradient descent algorithm optimization is to use the water permeability error (such as the flow rate deviation) as the objective function, and iteratively adjust the coordinates of the support block (18) until the error is minimized.

[0053] In some embodiments, the method further includes step S6: based on the final structural design, the gap between the support plate (21) and the box body (1) is sealed by the abutment plate (263) and the sealing gasket (264) of the blocking assembly (26), and the overall sealing performance and compressive strength of the model box are verified. The abutment plate (263) and the sealing gasket (264) are made of rubber material, and a pre-tightening force is applied by the third spring (265) to ensure that the gap leakage rate between the support plate (21) and the box body (1) is ≤0.1L / min. Loading test: The hydraulic cylinder applies 0.1-0.5MPa soil pressure (simulating a 10m fill height) to monitor the displacement of the support rod (251). If the displacement is greater than 2mm, the stiffness of the second spring (254) needs to be adjusted (e.g., from 30N / mm to 50N / mm) or the installation angle of the limit block (255) needs to be adjusted (e.g., from 45° to 60°).

[0054] In some embodiments, in step S6, a loading test is performed to simulate different soil pressure conditions, and the displacement of the support rod (251) in the vertical groove (213) is detected. If the displacement exceeds a preset threshold, the stiffness of the second spring (254) of the positioning assembly (25) or the installation position of the limit block (255) is adjusted. The limit block angle adjustment: When the angle is adjusted from 0° (horizontal) to 90° (vertical), the ability to resist lateral forces is enhanced. For example, at a 45° angle, the limit block can withstand a lateral force of 100N; at 90°, it can withstand 200N.

[0055] In some embodiments, in step S1, the geometry of the permeable trough (221) and the arrangement density of the fixed holes (211) are selected according to the soil parameters to prevent the loss of fine particles and meet the drainage requirements. For example, a rectangular trough is suitable for coarse-grained soil (such as gravel) to provide a uniform flow path. A trapezoidal trough is suitable for sandy soil to prevent the accumulation of bottom particles. A wavy trough is suitable for clay to increase water turbulence to reduce the risk of blockage. 50 holes per square meter (aperture 10 mm) are suitable for low permeability soil; 200 holes (aperture 2 mm) are suitable for high permeability soil. For example, 100 holes / m2 are used for sandy soil. 2(Aperture 5mm).

[0056] In some embodiments, in step S2, the position of the adjustment plate (22) is fixed by engaging the locking block (244) of the support assembly (24) with the serrated locking strip (242) to prevent the water permeable device (2) from shifting under a vibration environment.

[0057] In some embodiments, in step S4, if residual error still exists after adjustment, an adaptive algorithm is introduced to optimize the dynamic adjustment path of the permeable trough (221), or the number of layers of the permeable device (2) is increased to improve the permeability accuracy. The permeability error is used as the fitness function, and the optimal adjustment path is generated through crossover and mutation operations. For example, the initial path error is 10%, and it is reduced to 2% after 100 generations of optimization. The number of layers is adjusted: the opening area of ​​the three layers of permeable devices (221) is reduced by 30%, 20%, and 10%, which can refine the permeability gradient and improve the accuracy by 15%.

[0058] In some embodiments, in step S5, the vertical positioning parameters of the support plate (21), the real-time adjustment range of the permeable trough (221), and the installation coordinates of the limiting device (3) are adapted to the construction requirements of different engineering scenarios.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The present invention provides a retaining wall filter layer model box design system, comprising: a parameter input module for obtaining soil parameters, water flow conditions, target water permeability and material specifications; a structural design module for generating an initial layout of a bottom plate (11), a baffle (12), a fixing plate (13), a support block (18) and a water permeable device (2) of the model box based on the output of the parameter input module; a water permeability simulation module for calculating the permeability coefficient of each layer of material in the model box through hydraulic simulation and generating a water permeability distribution diagram; a dynamic adjustment module for controlling an adjustment component (23) and a limit device (3) of the water permeable device (2) to dynamically adjust the overlapping area of ​​a water permeable groove (221) and a fixing hole (211); and an error correction and verification module for detecting sealing, compressive strength and water permeability error and outputting a final design scheme.

[0061] In some embodiments, the dynamic adjustment module includes: a mechanical transmission unit, which drives the connecting rod (231) to rotate through a hand wheel (236), drives the first bevel gear (232) to engage with the second bevel gear (233), and then controls the vertical movement of the adjustment plate (22) through the rack (235); a locking mechanism, which uses the engagement of the locking block (244) and the serrated locking strip (242) to fix the position of the adjustment plate (22) to prevent vibration deviation.

[0062] In some embodiments, the water permeability simulation module uses a finite element analysis method to simulate the path of water flowing through the water permeable device (2) and quantify the water permeability error, including flow rate deviation and particle loss rate.

[0063] In some embodiments, the error correction and verification module includes: a sealing detection unit, which monitors the gap leakage between the support plate (21) and the box body (1) in real time through the abutment plate (263) and the sealing gasket (264) of the sealing component (26); a compressive strength verification unit, which simulates soil pressure through a loading test, analyzes the displacement of the support rod (251) in the vertical groove (213), and dynamically adjusts the stiffness of the second spring (254) according to the displacement.

[0064] In some embodiments, the structural design module automatically selects the geometric shape of the permeable groove (221) and the arrangement density of the fixing holes (211) according to soil parameters to prevent the loss of fine particles.

[0065] In some embodiments, in the locking mechanism, the locking block (244) is connected to the fixing block (241) via a first spring (243), ensuring stable engagement of the locking block (244) with the serrated locking strip (242).

[0066] In some embodiments, the parameter input module integrates a soil database and a material library, and supports manual input or automatic matching of soil parameters, including particle grading and permeability coefficient.

[0067] In some embodiments, the dynamic adjustment module supports an adaptive algorithm to optimize the dynamic adjustment path of the water permeable trough (221), or improves the water permeability accuracy by increasing the number of layers of the water permeable device (2).

[0068] In some embodiments, the final design solution includes the vertical positioning parameters of the support plate (21), the real-time adjustment range of the water-permeable trough (221), and the installation coordinates of the limit device (3), which are adapted to the construction requirements of different engineering scenarios.

[0069] In some embodiments, the system integrates hydraulic and structural mechanics analysis through multi-physics field coupling simulation to predict the performance degradation of the model box under different soil pressures.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a retaining wall filter layer model box includes a box body 1, a water permeable device 2 and a limiting device 3.

[0072] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The box body 1 includes a bottom plate 11. In this embodiment, the bottom plate 11 is preferably a rectangular plate. The bottom wall of the bottom plate 11 is penetrated by a through hole at each corner. The inner cavity of each through hole is provided with a positioning structure 12. The positioning structure 12 includes a fixing nail 121. The fixing nail 121 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 11 by welding. In this embodiment, the fixing nail 121 is preferably a conical nail. The large end of the fixing nail 121 is coaxially provided with a fixing groove 122. The fixing nail 121 is provided with a plurality of plug-in grooves 123 on the side wall of the fixing groove 122. The fixing groove 122, the plug-in groove 123 and the inner cavity of the through hole are connected.

[0073] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The positioning structure 12 also includes an abutment rod 124, which is vertically inserted into the through hole and the fixing groove 122 in sequence and can slide along the axial direction of the fixing nail 121. The side wall of the abutment rod 124 is provided with a plurality of plug-in rods 125, and the inner cavity of each plug-in groove 123 is equipped with a plug-in rod 125. The plug-in rod 125 is inserted into the plug-in groove 123 and can slide along the plug-in groove 123. The plug-in rod 125 is rotatably connected to the abutment rod 124 by a rotating shaft connection, wherein the rotation axis of the plug-in rod 125 is horizontal.

[0074] When positioning the box 1, the operator inserts the fixing nail 121 into the ground, then presses down the abutment rod 124, and then pushes the insertion rod 125 out of the insertion groove 123, further improving the connection stability between the fixing nail 121 and the ground, making it easier for the operator to perform subsequent fixation.

[0075] Reference Figure 1 Baffles 12 are provided at both ends of the long side of the box body 1. The baffles 12 are preferably rectangular plates. The baffles 12 are vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the bottom plate 11 by welding.

[0076] Reference Figure 1 The box body 1 also includes two fixed plates 13, which are preferably rectangular plates, and the two fixed plates 13 are respectively located on both sides of the long side of the bottom plate 11. The fixed plates 13 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 11 and the baffle 12 by welding. The bottom plate 11, the baffle 12 and the fixed plates 13 together enclose a rectangular shell with an opening upward.

[0077] Reference Figure 1 The two fixed plates 13 are respectively arranged with a first water permeable hole 14 and a second water permeable hole 15 in an array. The first water permeable hole 14 and the second water permeable hole 15 are both arranged horizontally. Here, the direction of water flow is from the first water permeable hole 14 to the second water permeable hole 15, and the diameter of the first water permeable hole 14 is larger than the diameter of the second water permeable hole 15.

[0078] Reference Figure 1The two baffles 12 have sliding grooves 16 on their adjacent end surfaces. Connecting grooves 17 are vertically connected to the top walls of the sliding grooves 16. The connecting grooves 17 communicate with the inner cavities of the sliding grooves 16. The sliding grooves 16 are horizontal and located on the side of the baffle 12 away from the bottom plate 11. Multiple groups of support blocks 18 are provided within the inner cavities of the sliding grooves 16, with each group comprising two support blocks. The support blocks 18 are capable of sliding along the longitudinal directions of the connecting grooves 17 and the sliding grooves 16. The ends of the support blocks 18 are provided with engaging grooves, the openings of which are vertically oriented.

[0079] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 Each group of support blocks 18 is equipped with a water-permeable device 2, which includes a support plate 21. In this embodiment, the support plate 21 is preferably a rectangular plate. The support plate 21 is vertically arranged, and the two side walls of the support plate 21 are respectively located in the card slots of the two support blocks 18, and the support plate 21 can slide along the long side direction of the card slot.

[0080] The operator can adjust the position of the support plate 21 by sliding the support block 18. The support plate 21 can divide the inner cavity of the box body 1, thereby facilitating the operator to carry out subsequent filling of related materials, thereby improving the overall applicability of the device.

[0081] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 The side wall of the support plate 21 is penetrated by a fixing hole 211. In this embodiment, the opening direction of the fixing hole 211 is horizontal, and the cross-section of the fixing hole 211 is preferably a rectangular groove. The fixing holes 211 are arranged in an array along the plate surface of the support plate 21. The top wall of the support plate 21 is provided with an installation groove 212 in the vertical direction, and the installation groove 212 is connected to the inner cavity of the fixing hole 211.

[0082] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 The support plate 21 and the side walls of the mounting groove 212 that are away from each other are provided with lifting grooves, and the inner cavity of the mounting groove 212 is provided with an adjustment plate 22, which can slide along the opening direction of the mounting groove 212, and the side wall of the adjustment plate 22 is provided with a water-permeable groove 221. Here, each fixing hole 211 of the support plate 21 corresponds to a water-permeable groove 221 of the adjustment plate 22.

[0083] The operator can adjust the communication area between the water-permeable groove 221 and the fixed hole 211 by sliding the adjustment plate 22, so that the box body 1 can accommodate materials of different particle sizes, thereby improving the overall applicability of the device.

[0084] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4The inner cavity of the lifting groove is provided with an adjusting assembly 23. The adjusting assembly 23 comprises a connecting rod 231, a first bevel gear 232, a second bevel gear 233, a first gear 234 and a rack 235. The connecting rod 231 is vertically arranged and is arranged through the supporting plate 21. The supporting plate 21 is rotationally connected to the supporting plate 21 in a bearing connecting mode. The first bevel gear 232 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the connecting rod 231 in a key connecting mode. The first bevel gear 232 and the second bevel gear 233 are engaged. The second bevel gear 233 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 231 in a bearing connecting mode. The second bevel gear 233 and the first gear 234 are coaxially and fixedly connected through a connecting shaft. The rack 235 is vertically arranged and is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 22 in a screwing mode. The rack 235 and the gear are engaged.

[0085] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , one end of the connecting rod 231 away from the first bevel gear 232 is provided with a hand wheel 236. The hand wheel 236 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the connecting rod 231 in a key connecting mode.

[0086] When the operator adjusts the lifting of the adjusting plate 22, only needs to rotate the hand wheel 236, and then drives the first bevel gear 232 to rotate. The first bevel gear 232 and the second bevel gear 233 are engaged, and then the first gear 234 can be driven to rotate. The first gear 234 and the rack 235 are engaged, and then the adjusting plate 22 can be driven to slide along the vertical direction, and the communication effect between the fixed hole 211 and the water permeable groove 221.

[0087] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , the inner cavity of each lifting groove is also provided with a supporting assembly 24. The supporting assembly 24 is provided with two. The two supporting assemblies 24 are symmetrically arranged along the vertical direction. The supporting assembly 24 comprises a fixed block 241, a locking strip 242, a first spring 243 and a locking block 244. The fixed block 241 is fixedly connected to the supporting plate 21 in a screwing mode. The locking strip 242 is vertically arranged. The end face of the locking strip 242 close to the fixed block 241 is sawtooth-shaped. The locking strip 242 is fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 22 in a screwing mode. The first spring 243 is horizontally arranged and is fixedly connected to the fixed block 241 in a screwing mode. The locking block 244 is fixedly connected to the first spring 243 in a screwing mode. The locking block 244 can abut against the sawtooth-shaped part of the locking strip 242.

[0088] The operator can control the locking block 244 to be attached to different serrated parts of the locking strip 242, thereby completing the action of the fixing block 241, and thereby being able to provide certain support effect to the adjusting plate 22, preventing the pressure between the contact point of the rack 235 and the first gear 234 from being too large, causing damage to the rack 235.

[0089] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the support plate 21 is provided with a vertical groove 213 in the middle, and the support plate 21 is provided with a horizontal groove 214 at one end of the vertical groove 213 close to the bottom, and the support plate 21 is provided with a first containing groove 215 at the bottom of the vertical groove 213, the first containing groove 215 is horizontally arranged, and the support plate 21 is provided with a second containing groove 216 at both ends of the horizontal groove 214, the second containing groove 216 is vertically arranged, and the inner cavities of the vertical groove 213, the horizontal groove 214, the first containing groove 215 and the second containing groove 216 are communicated.

[0090] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the support plate 21 is provided with a limiting groove 217 on the side wall of the vertical groove 213, the limiting groove 217 is vertically arranged, and the inner cavities of the limiting groove 217 and the vertical groove 213 are communicated, and the support plate 21 is provided with a positioning groove 218 at the top of the vertical groove 213, in this embodiment, the positioning groove 218 is preferably an L-shaped groove, and the inner cavities of the positioning groove 218 and the vertical groove 213 are communicated.

[0091] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the water permeable device 2 further comprises a positioning assembly 25, the positioning assembly 25 comprises a supporting rod 251, a rotating block 252 and a positioning block 253, the supporting rod 251 is vertically arranged, and the supporting rod 251 is arranged in the vertical groove 213 and can slide and rotate along the vertical groove 213, the rotating block 252 is located at the top of the supporting rod 251, and the rotating block 252 is rotatably connected with the supporting rod 251 through bearing connection, the positioning block 253 is located in the positioning groove 218, and the positioning block 253 can slide along the positioning groove 218, and the positioning block 253 is fixedly connected with the rotating block 252.

[0092] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the positioning assembly 25 further comprises a second spring 254 and a limiting block 255, the second spring 254 and the limiting block 255 are both located in the limiting groove 217, the second spring 254 is vertically arranged, the limiting block 255 is located in the limiting groove 217, and the limiting block 255 can slide along the limiting groove 217, and the limiting block 255 is fixedly connected with the supporting rod 251 by screwing.

[0093] With reference to Figure 1 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the water permeable device 2 further comprises a blocking assembly 26, the blocking assembly 26 comprises an abutting block 261, in the embodiment, the abutting block 261 is preferably an isosceles triangular block, the tip of the abutting block 261 is downward, and the abutting block 261 is fixedly connected with the supporting rod 251 by screwing.

[0094] Referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the blocking assembly 26 further comprises three groups of abutting pieces, the inner cavities of the first accommodating groove 215 and the second accommodating groove 216 are each provided with an abutting piece, the abutting piece comprises a connecting rod 262 and an abutting plate 263, the connecting rod 231 is arranged in the horizontal groove 214 and / or the vertical groove 213 and abuts against the abutting block 261, the long side direction of the abutting plate 263 located in the first accommodating groove 215 is parallel to the long side direction of the first accommodating groove 215, the long side direction of the abutting plate 263 located in the second accommodating groove 216 is parallel to the long side direction of the second accommodating groove 216, the abutting plate 263 is located at the end face of the connecting rod 262 away from the abutting block 261, and the abutting plate 263 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 262 by screwing.

[0095] Referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the end face of the abutting plate 263 away from the connecting rod 262 is provided with a sealing gasket 264, the long side direction of the sealing gasket 264 is parallel to the long side direction of the abutting plate 263, and the sealing gasket 264 is fixedly connected with the abutting plate 263 by screwing; the end face of the abutting plate 263 close to the connecting rod 262 is provided with a third spring 265, and the two ends of the third spring 265 are fixedly connected with the abutting plate 263 and the supporting plate 21 respectively.

[0096] The operator drives the abutting block 261 to slide in the vertical direction by pressing the supporting rod 251 downward, thereby pushing the connecting rod 262 out and abutting the abutting plate 263 to the inner wall of the box body 1, and further fixing the supporting plate 21 and the box body 1 is completed.

[0097] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 7 , the supporting block 18 is provided with a limiting device 3 in the supporting groove.

[0098] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 7 , the supporting block 18 is provided with a mounting hole 27 on the side wall of the supporting groove, and the mounting hole 27 is in communication with the inner cavity of the supporting groove.

[0099] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 7The limiting device 3 includes a sliding rod 31, a fourth spring 32 and a limiting plate 33. The sliding rod 31 is penetrated by the mounting hole 27 and can slide along the opening direction of the mounting hole 27. The sliding rod 31 is provided with a through groove along the axial direction. The fourth spring 32 is located in the inner cavity of the mounting hole 27. The two ends of the fourth spring 32 are fixedly connected to the sliding rod 31 and the support block 18 respectively. The limiting plate 33 is located at the end of the sliding rod 31 away from the fourth spring 32. In this embodiment, the limiting plate 33 is preferably a rectangular block. The initial position of the limiting plate 33 is horizontal. The limiting plate 33 is rotatably connected to the sliding block by a torsion spring connection.

[0100] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 7 The end surface of the limiting plate 33 close to the sliding rod 31 abuts against the sliding rod 31.

[0101] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 7 The end face of the limit plate 33 close to the sliding rod 31 is provided with an insertion hole 34, the axial direction of the insertion hole 34 is consistent with the axial direction of the through slot, and the inner cavity is connected, and the inner cavity of the through slot is provided with a positioning rod 35, which is arranged along the axial direction of the through slot.

[0102] In this embodiment, when the fourth spring 32 is at its original length, the positioning rod 35 cannot extend into the insertion hole 34 . When the fourth spring is in a compressed state, the positioning rod 35 can extend into the insertion hole 34 .

[0103] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 7 A guiding inclined groove 36 is provided on the top of the limiting plate 33 . In this embodiment, the depth of the guiding inclined groove 36 gradually becomes shallower as it approaches the supporting block 18 .

[0104] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 7 A contact pad 37 is provided on the bottom wall of the limiting plate 33. In this embodiment, the contact pad 37 is preferably an elastic pad, and the contact pad 37 is fixedly connected to the limiting plate 33 by screws.

[0105] When the operator inserts the support plate 21 into the plug-in slot 123, the operator pushes the sliding rod 31 into the mounting hole 27. At the same time, the positioning rod 35 is inserted into the plug-in hole 34 of the limit plate 33 to prevent the limit plate 33 from rotating along the sliding rod 31. When the support plate 21 is completely located below the limit plate 33, the sliding rod 31 slides out. At this time, the positioning rod 35 is no longer located in the mounting hole 27. When the support plate 21 needs to be removed, the operator only needs to lift the support plate 21 upward. At this time, the limit plate 33 no longer limits the support plate 21, and the operator can remove the support plate 21.

[0106] The implementation principle of a retaining wall filter layer model box is as follows: the operator first places the base plate 11 at the corresponding position on the ground, and inserts the fixing nail 121 into the corresponding position on the ground, then presses the abutment rod 124 to drive the plug-in rod 125 to slide along the plug-in groove 123, and further fixes the fixing nail 121 at the corresponding position on the ground.

[0107] The operator slides the support block 18 to the appropriate position along the sliding groove 16, and then inserts the support plate 21 into the support groove. During the insertion of the support plate 21, the support plate 21 first squeezes the limit plate 33, driving the sliding rod 31 to slide along the through groove. Then, the positioning rod 35 is inserted into the plug hole 34 to prevent the limit plate 33 from rotating. When the support plate 21 completely enters under the limit plate 33, the sliding rod 31 returns to its original position, and the support plate 21 is limited by the limit plate 33.

[0108] When the operator is adjusting the communication area between the fixing hole 211 and the water-permeable groove 221, the operator only needs to rotate the hand wheel 236 to drive the first bevel gear 232 to rotate, the first bevel gear 232 and the second bevel gear 233 to engage, and then drive the first gear 234 to rotate, the first gear 234 to engage with the rack 235, and then drive the adjustment plate 22 to slide in the vertical direction.

[0109] When the adjustment plate 22 slides in the vertical direction, the locking block 244 is attached to the side wall of the locking strip 242 to provide stable support for the adjustment plate 22 .

[0110] The operator then presses the support rod 251, driving the abutment block 261 to slide in the vertical direction, thereby pushing out the connecting rod 262 and making the abutment plate 263 abut against the corresponding position of the box body 1. The setting of the sealing gasket 264 can further improve the sealing between the abutment plate 263 and the box body 1.

Claims

1. A design method for a retaining wall filter layer model box, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Obtaining design parameters, including soil parameters, water flow conditions, target water permeability and material specifications; based on the design parameters, preliminarily designing the layout of the bottom plate (11), baffle (12), fixing plate (13), support block (18) and water permeability device (2) of the model box; Step S2: determining the initial position of the adjustment plate (22) in the water permeable device (2) according to the target water permeability performance, so that the overlapping area of ​​the water permeable groove (221) and the fixed hole (211) meets the preset water permeability threshold; Step S3: Based on the initial position, a first water permeability error between the actual water permeability and the target water permeability is calculated by simulating the water permeability process of water flowing through the model box; Step S4: adjusting the movement of the adjustment plate (22) or the installation position of the support plate (21) according to the first water permeability error to correct the overlapping area between the water permeable groove (221) and the fixing hole (211); Step S5: Based on the corrected parameters of the water permeable device (2), a final structural design scheme of the model box is generated.

2. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the hand wheel (236) of the adjustment component (23) drives the connecting rod (231) to rotate, driving the first bevel gear (232) to engage with the second bevel gear (233), and then controlling the vertical movement of the adjustment plate (22) through the rack (235) to dynamically adjust the opening area of ​​the water-permeable groove (221).

3. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the permeability coefficients of the various layers of material in the model box are calculated using hydraulic simulation software, and a permeability performance distribution diagram is generated based on the overlapping area of ​​the permeable groove (221) and the fixed hole (211) to quantify the first permeability error.

4. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, if the first water permeability error exceeds the allowable range, the optimal position of the support block (18) in the sliding groove (16) is recalculated, and the support plate (21) is locked by cooperating with the positioning rod (35) of the limiting device (3) and the plug hole (34) to ensure the stability of the water permeable device (2).

5. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes step S6, wherein based on the final structural design, the gap between the support plate (21) and the box body (1) is sealed by the abutting plate (263) and the sealing gasket (264) of the sealing component (26), thereby verifying the overall sealing performance and compressive strength of the model box.

6. The design method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S6, different soil pressure conditions are simulated by a loading test, and the displacement of the support rod (251) in the vertical groove (213) is detected. If the displacement exceeds a preset threshold, the stiffness of the second spring (254) of the positioning assembly (25) or the installation position of the limit block (255) is adjusted.

7. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the geometric shape of the permeable groove (221) and the arrangement density of the fixed holes (211) are selected according to the soil parameters to prevent the loss of fine particles and meet the drainage requirements.

8. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the position of the adjustment plate (22) is fixed by engaging the locking block (244) of the support assembly (24) with the serrated locking strip (242) to prevent the water permeable device (2) from deflecting in a vibration environment.

9. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, if there is still a residual error after the adjustment, an adaptive algorithm is introduced to optimize the dynamic adjustment path of the water permeable trough (221), or the number of layers of the water permeable device (2) is increased to improve the water permeability accuracy.

10. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the vertical positioning parameters of the support plate (21), the real-time adjustment range of the water-permeable trough (221), and the installation coordinates of the limit device (3) are adapted to the construction requirements of different engineering scenes.

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