A method and apparatus for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon with strong adsorption function

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of activated carbon preparation equipment, and particularly to a method and apparatus for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon with strong adsorption function. The apparatus includes a base, a carbonization furnace mounted on the base, a sealed door on the side of the carbonization furnace, a drive mechanism connected to the carbonization furnace, the output end of the drive mechanism being sealed through the carbonization furnace and connected to multiple clamping plates, each clamping a bamboo board; a pressure device and a spraying device, both connected to the carbonization furnace; and an ionization box. This invention prepares activated carbon by simultaneously employing high temperature, plasma, and microwave synergistic effects in the carbonization furnace. Compared to traditional single activation methods, the synergistic effect of high temperature, plasma, and microwave can improve activation efficiency, shorten the preparation cycle, reduce energy consumption and cost, improve economic efficiency, regulate pore structure and surface properties to enhance activated carbon performance, and offers high process flexibility, adapting to diverse raw materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of activated carbon preparation equipment technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon with strong adsorption function. Background Technology

[0002] Activated carbon, with its extremely large specific surface area and abundant pore structure, provides a large number of adsorption sites, making it a widely used adsorption material in environmental protection fields such as water treatment and gas purification. Currently, activated carbon is often prepared from renewable materials, with bamboo being a particularly promising resource in my country, attracting significant attention for its preparation. However, the traditional method of using bamboo for activated carbon preparation typically involves high-temperature activation treatment. This approach is energy-intensive and yields activated carbon with a limited range of pore types, failing to meet the needs for preparing activated carbon with varying adsorption capacities.

[0003] In existing technologies, radio frequency plasma treatment equipment is used to modify enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin-based activated carbon, thereby destroying the macropores of the activated carbon and adjusting its pore structure. Microwave radiation heating is used instead of traditional heating methods to break the bond forces in the material, reduce the energy required for the reaction, and shorten the reaction time. However, the above methods lack the operation of using high temperature, plasma, and microwave in synergistic preparation of activated carbon, and the activation method is singular, which is not conducive to improving activation efficiency and enhancing the ability to control pore size. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies that lack the operation of preparing activated carbon using high temperature, plasma and microwave in combination, and whose activation methods are singular, which is not conducive to improving activation efficiency and enhancing the ability to control pores. Therefore, this invention proposes a method and apparatus for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon with strong adsorption function.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A bamboo-based activated carbon preparation device with strong adsorption function includes a base, a carbonization furnace mounted on the base, a sealed door installed on the side of the carbonization furnace, and further includes:

[0007] The drive mechanism is connected to the carbonization furnace. The output end of the drive mechanism is sealed and penetrates through the carbonization furnace, and is connected to multiple clamping plates. Bamboo boards are clamped inside the clamping plates.

[0008] The pressure device and the spraying device are both connected to the carbonization furnace;

[0009] An ionization box is connected to a carbonization furnace by a waveguide.

[0010] The microwave device has one output end connected to the carbonization furnace and the other output end connected to a microwave tube. The end of the microwave tube furthest from the microwave device is connected to a waveguide.

[0011] Preferably, an observation window is installed on the side of the carbonization furnace, and a water outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the carbonization furnace. An electric control valve is installed on the water outlet pipe, and the end of the water outlet pipe away from the carbonization furnace is connected to an external treatment device.

[0012] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor installed on the side of the carbonization furnace, the output end of the drive motor is sealed through the carbonization furnace and is coaxially fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, a planetary gear structure is connected to the rotating shaft, the clamping plate includes multiple elastic first clamping plates and multiple second clamping plates, the multiple second clamping plates are all fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the multiple first clamping plates are all connected to the output end of the planetary gear structure, and multiple through holes are opened through the first clamping plates and the second clamping plates.

[0013] Preferably, the planetary gear structure includes a driving gear coaxially fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, multiple driven gears meshing on the outer side of the driving gear, multiple driven gears being rotatably connected to the same planet carrier and meshing with the same fixed tooth plate on their outer side, the planet carrier being rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, the fixed tooth plate being fixedly connected inside the carbonization furnace, multiple driven gears being coaxially fixedly connected to a connecting shaft, and multiple second clamping plates being fixedly connected to multiple connecting shafts one-to-one.

[0014] Preferably, a rotating plate is rotatably connected to the inside of the carbonization furnace in a sealed manner. The rotating plate and the side of the carbonization furnace near the drive motor form a sealed space. The planetary gear structure is located inside the sealed space, and multiple connecting shafts are sealed and penetrate the rotating plate.

[0015] Preferably, an auxiliary shaft is fixedly connected to the inside of the sealed door, and a slot is coaxially provided at the end of the rotating shaft away from the drive motor, with the auxiliary shaft and the slot coaxially rotating and engaging.

[0016] Preferably, the input end of the spray device is connected to an external sodium hydroxide solution source via a pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the input terminal of the ionization box is connected to an external inert gas source.

[0018] Preferably, the bottom of the microwave device is fixedly connected to multiple support columns, all of which are fixed to the ground.

[0019] A method for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function, comprising a bamboo activated carbon preparation device with strong adsorption function, and further comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1: Adding material: Place the bamboo board into the clamps inside the carbonization furnace;

[0021] S2: Drive processing: The drive mechanism works, driving the bamboo board to move through the clamping plate;

[0022] S3: Subcritical state desiliconization treatment: Start the carbonization furnace, pressure device and spray device. The spray device sprays a low concentration of sodium hydroxide solution into the interior of the carbonization furnace. The carbonization furnace and pressure device adjust the temperature and pressure to bring the solution to a subcritical state.

[0023] S4: Cleaning treatment: Clean the desilicified bamboo boards and filter the impurities in the wastewater, retaining the water containing sodium ions;

[0024] S5: Drying treatment: The carbonization furnace and pressure device adjust the temperature and pressure to dry the cleaned bamboo boards under low pressure.

[0025] S6: High temperature, plasma and microwave synergistic processing: The ionization box ionizes the inert gas to form plasma, which is injected into the interior of the carbonization furnace. The microwave device injects some microwaves directly into the interior of the carbonization furnace, while the other part of the microwaves are mixed with the plasma and then injected into the interior of the carbonization furnace.

[0026] S7: Steam activation treatment: Water containing sodium ions from S4 is used as activation water. The temperature of the carbonization furnace is adjusted, and steam reacts with the carbon material to undergo an oxidation and etching reaction, removing part of the carbon skeleton and forming pores.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. This invention prepares activated carbon by simultaneously employing high temperature, plasma, and microwave synergistic effects in a carbonization furnace. Compared to traditional single activation methods, the synergistic effects of high temperature, plasma, and microwave can improve activation efficiency, shorten the preparation cycle, reduce energy consumption and cost, and improve economic efficiency; regulate pore structure and surface properties to enhance activated carbon performance; and offer high process flexibility to adapt to diverse raw materials.

[0029] 2. This invention, by setting up a driving mechanism, drives multiple clamping plates to move through a rotating shaft, planetary gear structure and connecting shaft, so that the bamboo board held by the clamping plates is heated evenly in the carbonization furnace, and improves the contact effect between the subcritical sodium hydroxide solution and the bamboo board, thereby improving the desiliconization treatment effect on the bamboo board.

[0030] 3. This invention sets up an ionization box and a microwave device. The characteristics of microwaves cause gas to be generated instantly inside the bamboo board, forming an "implosion" effect and opening up large pore channels. Plasma etching of the bamboo board surface generates abundant micropores, improving the efficiency of pore connection and avoiding pore closure or insufficient etching caused by a single technology. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1This is an overall isometric structural diagram of the method and apparatus for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon with strong adsorption function proposed in this invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the preparation method and apparatus for bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function proposed in this invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the carbonization furnace of the method and apparatus for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function proposed in this invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft and slot structure of a method and apparatus for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function proposed in this invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the through-hole structure of a method and apparatus for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function proposed in this invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the carbonization furnace and base of the preparation device for bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function proposed in this invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Base, 2. Carbonization furnace, 3. Observation window, 4. Drive motor, 5. Water outlet pipe, 6. Electric control valve, 7. Pressure device, 8. Ionization box, 9. Waveguide, 10. Microwave tube, 11. Microwave device, 12. Spray device, 13. Support column, 14. Fixed toothed plate, 15. Drive gear, 16. Driven gear, 17. Rotating plate, 18. First clamping plate, 19. Through hole, 20. Rotating shaft, 21. Second clamping plate, 22. Sealing door, 23. Auxiliary shaft, 24. Slot, 25. Bamboo board. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0039] Reference Figures 1-6 A bamboo-based activated carbon preparation device with strong adsorption function includes a base 1, a carbonization furnace 2 mounted on the base 1, a sealed door 22 mounted on the side of the carbonization furnace 2, and further includes:

[0040] An observation window 3 is installed on the side of the carbonization furnace 2. A water outlet pipe 5 is connected to the bottom of the carbonization furnace 2. An electric control valve 6 is installed on the water outlet pipe 5. The end of the water outlet pipe 5 away from the carbonization furnace 2 is connected to an external treatment device.

[0041] The observation window 3 allows users to easily observe the interior of the carbonization furnace 2 and monitor the preparation progress.

[0042] The external treatment device uses existing filtration equipment to filter impurities from the water discharged from the outlet pipe 5, while retaining water containing sodium ions for subsequent use.

[0043] The drive mechanism is connected to the carbonization furnace 2. The output end of the drive mechanism is sealed through the carbonization furnace 2 and is connected to multiple clamping plates. The clamping plates hold bamboo boards 25 inside.

[0044] The drive mechanism includes a drive motor 4 installed on the side of the carbonization furnace 2. The output end of the drive motor 4 is sealed through the carbonization furnace 2 and is coaxially fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 20. A planetary gear structure is connected to the rotating shaft 20. The clamping plate includes multiple elastic first clamping plates 18 and multiple second clamping plates 21. The multiple second clamping plates 21 are all fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 20. The multiple first clamping plates 18 are all connected to the output end of the planetary gear structure. Multiple through holes 19 are opened through the first clamping plates 18 and the second clamping plates 21.

[0045] The through-hole 19 facilitates contact between the subcritical solution and the clamped bamboo plate 25.

[0046] The planetary gear structure includes a driving gear 15 coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 20, a plurality of driven gears 16 meshing on the outer side of the driving gear 15, the plurality of driven gears 16 being rotatably connected to the same planet carrier and meshing with the same fixed tooth plate 14 on the outer side, the planet carrier being rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 20, the fixed tooth plate 14 being fixedly connected inside the carbonization furnace 2, the plurality of driven gears 16 being coaxially fixedly connected to a connecting shaft, and a plurality of second clamping plates 21 being fixedly connected one-to-one to the plurality of connecting shafts.

[0047] The drive motor 4 operates, which drives the planetary gear structure and connecting shaft through the rotating shaft 20, thereby driving multiple clamping plates to move. This keeps the bamboo board 25, which is held by the clamping plates, in motion, improving the uniformity of its processing.

[0048] The carbonization furnace 2 is internally sealed and rotatably connected to a rotating plate 17. The rotating plate 17 and the side of the carbonization furnace 2 near the drive motor 4 form a sealed space. The planetary gear structure is located inside the sealed space, and multiple connecting shafts are sealed and penetrated with the rotating plate 17.

[0049] The rotating plate 17 rotates with the connecting shaft, maintaining the sealing effect and improving the protection of the planetary gear structure.

[0050] An auxiliary shaft 23 is fixedly connected to the inside of the sealing door 22. A slot 24 is coaxially opened at the end of the rotating shaft 20 away from the drive motor 4. The auxiliary shaft 23 and the slot 24 rotate together coaxially.

[0051] The auxiliary shaft 23 and the slot 24 provide support for the rotating shaft 20, preventing the end of the rotating shaft 20 away from the drive motor 4 from being suspended in the air and improving its stability during movement.

[0052] The pressure device 7 and the spraying device 12 are both connected to the carbonization furnace 2.

[0053] The input end of the spray device 12 is connected to an external sodium hydroxide solution source through a pipeline.

[0054] Ionization box 8 is connected to carbonization furnace 2 by waveguide 9.

[0055] The input terminal of ionization chamber 8 is connected to an external inert gas source.

[0056] The microwave device 11 has one output end connected to the carbonization furnace 2 and the other output end connected to the microwave tube 10. The end of the microwave tube 10 away from the microwave device 11 is connected to the waveguide 9.

[0057] The pressure device 7, spray device 12, ionization box 8, and microwave device 11 all adopt existing technologies. The pressure device 7 is used to adjust the pressure inside the carbonization furnace 2. The spray device 12 is used to deliver a sodium hydroxide solution source into the carbonization furnace 2. The ionization box 8 is used to ionize the inert gas to form plasma and deliver it into the carbonization furnace 2. The microwave device 11 is used to emit microwaves to treat the inside of the carbonization furnace 2. It also mixes some microwaves with plasma and inputs them into the inside of the carbonization furnace 2 to form a synergistic treatment effect of high temperature, plasma, and microwave, thereby improving the activated carbon preparation effect of bamboo board 25.

[0058] The bottom of the microwave device 11 is fixedly connected to multiple support columns 13, all of which are fixed to the ground.

[0059] When using this invention, open the sealing door 22, open the first clamping plate 18 and the second clamping plate 21, put the cut bamboo board 25 into the inside of the first clamping plate 18 and the second clamping plate 21, loosen the first clamping plate 18 and the second clamping plate 21, and clamp the bamboo board 25 under the action of the clamping plate's own elasticity. Close the sealing door 22. At this time, the auxiliary shaft 23 on the back of the sealing door 22 is inserted into the slot 24 at the front end of the rotating shaft 20, making the rotation of the rotating shaft 20 more stable.

[0060] The carbonization furnace 2, pressure device 7, and spray device 12 are started. The carbonization furnace 2 operates to heat its internal temperature to about 200°C. The pressure device 7 operates to increase the internal pressure of the carbonization furnace 2 to 505 kPa. An external sodium hydroxide solution source supplies a low-concentration sodium hydroxide solution to the spray device 12 through a pipeline. The spray device 12 operates to spray the solution into the carbonization furnace 2. Within the set environment of the carbonization furnace 2, the solution becomes subcritical. Compared to the liquid state, the subcritical solution can be more evenly distributed within the carbonization furnace 2.

[0061] Bamboo mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and inorganic substances. Inorganic substances such as silicon usually exist in the form of amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silicates. If not pretreated, they will hinder the formation of pores in the subsequent activated carbon. NaOH reacts with SiO2 at high temperature to generate soluble sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Removing silicon can reduce pore blockage in bamboo board 25 during the carbonization process and improve the specific surface area and adsorption performance of the generated activated carbon.

[0062] Under subcritical conditions, the dielectric constant of water decreases, its ability to dissolve organic matter increases, and it also promotes the diffusion and reaction efficiency of NaOH, making the solution more uniform and easier to contact the bamboo board 25 through the through hole 19.

[0063] Start the drive motor 4. The drive motor 4 drives the drive gear 15 to rotate through the rotating shaft 20. The drive gear 15, together with the fixed gear plate 14 and the planetary carrier, drives multiple driven gears 16 to rotate on their own axis and revolve around the planet. The rotating plate 17 rotates in coordination, while preventing the solution from contacting the planetary gear structure and causing damage.

[0064] The rotation of the rotating shaft 20 and the movement of multiple connecting shafts drive the bamboo boards 25 in the multiple first clamping plates 18 and second clamping plates 21 to move, effectively avoiding the uneven heating caused by the bamboo boards 25 being in a stacked state as in the prior art. At the same time, the movement of the bamboo boards 25 can further improve the contact and treatment effect between the solution and the bamboo boards 25.

[0065] After the desiliconization process of bamboo board 25 is completed, the pressure device 7 is used to restore the internal pressure of carbonization furnace 2 to normal. Then, the spraying device 12 is activated to spray water into the interior of carbonization furnace 2 to clean the moving bamboo board 25.

[0066] After cleaning is complete, open the electric control valve 6. The cleaned liquid is discharged into an external treatment device through the water outlet pipe 5 to filter out impurities, retain sodium ions, and store them for later reuse.

[0067] By closing the electric control valve 6, the pressure inside the carbonization furnace 2 is reduced by the pressure device 7, while the temperature inside the carbonization furnace 2 is increased. This allows for the rapid drying process of the bamboo board 25 under low pressure, reducing energy consumption and minimizing fiber shrinkage and cracking.

[0068] After drying is completed, the pressure device 7 restores the internal pressure of the carbonization furnace 2 to normal, and the internal temperature of the carbonization furnace 2 is increased to about 600°C. An external inert gas source introduces inert gas into the ionization box 8, which ionizes the inert gas to form plasma. The plasma is injected into the carbonization furnace 2 through the waveguide 9. At the same time, the microwave device 11 is activated. Part of the microwave is injected directly into the carbonization furnace 2, and the other part enters the waveguide 9 through the microwave tube 10. After mixing with the plasma, the microwave is injected into the carbonization furnace 2 together.

[0069] The inert gas environment prevents oxidation, allowing the carbonization temperature of bamboo board 25 to be reduced to 400-600℃, which is significantly more energy-efficient than the traditional carbonization temperature of over 800℃.

[0070] When plasma is introduced into the carbonization furnace 2, the high-energy particles generated by ionization bombard the surface of bamboo board 25, which can directionally break down cellulose and hemicellulose, forming a rich microporous structure and improving the adsorption effect of the product. The plasma etching effect can form micro-nano pores on the carbon surface, improving the efficiency of subsequent activation.

[0071] Active particles in plasma, such as O⁻ and OH⁻, can break down tar macromolecules to generate gases such as CO and H₂, reducing surface clogging.

[0072] At the same time, the high-energy electrons generated by ionization bombard the surface of bamboo, directly breaking the C-C and CO bonds, reducing the pyrolysis activation energy, promoting the rapid decomposition of cellulose and lignin, and shortening the carbonization time.

[0073] Free electrons in ionized gas accelerate the absorption of microwave energy, improving energy utilization efficiency and enhancing the etching effect of plasma on carbon surfaces.

[0074] Microwave heating softens the carbon structure, lowers the energy barrier of plasma etching, and microwave-induced thermal stress causes microcracks to form inside the carbon particles, promoting gas diffusion.

[0075] Microwave heating can quickly remove moisture from materials, making it suitable for raw materials with high moisture content. Plasma bombardment can remove metals from materials, making it suitable for a variety of raw materials.

[0076] After carbonization is complete, activation treatment is required. After plasma treatment removes some of the tar produced during carbonization, a small amount of tar may still remain on the surface of the bamboo board 25. The tar will also affect the adsorption effect of the finished product. Therefore, when performing steam activation, water containing sodium ions that has been treated beforehand is used for steam treatment.

[0077] During the activation stage, the internal temperature of carbonization furnace 2 is controlled at 800-1000°C, and steam is introduced. The following reaction, C + H2O → CO + H2, expands the pores and forms pores. At high temperatures, Na⁺ can catalyze the cracking reaction of tar, converting it into gases such as CO, H2, and a small amount of residual carbon, reducing surface blockage. Tar may contain acidic components such as phenols, which Na⁺ can react with to form salts, reducing adhesion. This process utilizes waste containing sodium ions and improves the activation effect. The bamboo activated carbon produced under this process treats silicon impurities and tar, and has a strong adsorption function.

[0078] A method for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function includes a bamboo activated carbon preparation device with strong adsorption function, and further includes the following steps:

[0079] S1: Adding material: Place the bamboo board 25 into the clamping plate inside the carbonization furnace 2.

[0080] S2: Drive processing: The drive mechanism works, driving the bamboo board 25 to move through the clamp.

[0081] S3: Subcritical state desiliconization treatment: Start carbonization furnace 2, pressure device 7 and spray device 12. Spray device 12 sprays a low concentration of sodium hydroxide solution into the interior of carbonization furnace 2. Carbonization furnace 2 and pressure device 7 adjust the temperature and pressure to bring the solution to a subcritical state.

[0082] S4: Cleaning treatment: Clean the desilicified bamboo board 25 and filter the impurities in the wastewater, retaining the water containing sodium ions.

[0083] S5: Drying treatment: Carbonization furnace 2 and pressure device 7 adjust the temperature and pressure to heat and dry the cleaned bamboo board 25 under low pressure.

[0084] S6: High temperature, plasma and microwave synergistic processing: Ionization box 8 ionizes inert gas to form plasma, which is injected into the interior of carbonization furnace 2. Microwave device 11 injects some microwaves directly into the interior of carbonization furnace 2, and the other part of the microwaves are mixed with plasma and then injected into the interior of carbonization furnace 2.

[0085] S7: Steam activation treatment: Water containing sodium ions from S4 is used as activation water. The temperature of carbonization furnace 2 is adjusted, and steam reacts with carbon material to undergo oxidation and etching reaction, removing part of the carbon skeleton and forming pores.

[0086] In carbonization furnace 2, activated carbon is prepared by simultaneously using high temperature, plasma and microwave synergy. Compared with traditional single activation methods, the synergy of high temperature, plasma and microwave can improve activation efficiency, shorten preparation cycle, reduce energy consumption and cost, improve economic efficiency, regulate pore structure and surface properties, improve activated carbon performance, and has high process flexibility to adapt to diversified raw materials.

[0087] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bamboo activated carbon preparation device with strong adsorption function, comprising a base (1), a carbonization furnace (2) is installed on the base (1), a sealing door (22) is installed on the side of the carbonization furnace (2), characterized in that, Also include: The driving mechanism is connected to the carbonization furnace (2), the output end of the driving mechanism is sealed through the carbonization furnace (2), and a plurality of clamping plates are connected, the clamping plates are clamped with bamboo plates (25) inside; Pressure device (7) and spraying device (12), pressure device (7) and spraying device (12) are communicated on carbonization furnace (2); Ionization box (8), waveguide (9) is communicated between ionization box (8) and carbonization furnace (2); Microwave device (11), one end of microwave device (11) is communicated with carbonization furnace (2), the other end is communicated with microwave tube (10), and the end of microwave tube (10) away from microwave device (11) is communicated with waveguide (9). 2.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the carbonization furnace (2) is provided with an observation window (3), and the bottom of the carbonization furnace (2) is communicated with a water outlet pipe (5), the water outlet pipe (5) is provided with an electric control valve (6), and the end of the water outlet pipe (5) away from the carbonization furnace (2) is communicated with an external treatment device. 3.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a driving motor (4) installed on the side of the carbonization furnace (2), the output end of the driving motor (4) is sealed through the carbonization furnace (2), and the driving motor (4) is coaxially fixedly connected with a rotating shaft (20), the rotating shaft (20) is connected with a planetary gear structure, the clamping plate includes a plurality of first clamping plates (18) and a plurality of second clamping plates (21) having elasticity, the plurality of second clamping plates (21) are fixedly connected on the rotating shaft (20), the plurality of first clamping plates (18) are connected on the output end of the planetary gear structure, and a plurality of through holes (19) are formed through the first clamping plates (18) and the second clamping plates (21). 4.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The planetary gear structure includes a driving gear (15) coaxially fixedly connected on the rotating shaft (20), a plurality of driven gears (16) engaged on the outside of the driving gear (15), the plurality of driven gears (16) are rotatably connected on the same planet carrier, and the outside of the plurality of driven gears (16) is engaged with the same fixed gear plate (14), the planet carrier is rotatably connected on the rotating shaft (20), the fixed gear plate (14) is fixedly connected in the carbonization furnace (2), and the plurality of driven gears (16) are coaxially fixedly connected with a plurality of connecting shafts, and the plurality of second clamping plates (21) are fixedly connected on the plurality of connecting shafts one by one. 5.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating plate (17) is sealingly connected in the carbonization furnace (2), the rotating plate (17) and the carbonization furnace (2) are close to the driving motor (4) on one side to form a sealed space, the planetary gear structure is located in the sealed space, and the plurality of connecting shafts are sealingly penetrated with the rotating plate (17). 6.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inside of the sealing door (22) is fixedly connected with an auxiliary shaft (23), the end of the rotating shaft (20) away from the driving motor (4) is coaxially provided with a clamping groove (24), and the auxiliary shaft (23) is coaxially rotatably connected with the clamping groove (24). 7.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The input end of the spraying device (12) is communicated with the outside sodium hydroxide solution source through the pipeline. 8.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The input end of the ionization box (8) is communicated with the outside inert gas source. 9.The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom of the microwave device (11) is fixedly connected with a plurality of support columns (13), and the plurality of support columns (13) are fixedly connected on the ground.

10. A method for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon with strong adsorption function, characterized in that, The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function comprises the device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 9, and further comprises The device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function comprises the device for preparing bamboo activated carbon with strong adsorption function according to claim 9, and further comprises S1: loading: put the bamboo board (25) into the clamp inside the carbonization furnace (2); S2: driving process: drive mechanism works, through the clamp to drive the bamboo board (25) movement; S3: subcritical state desilication process: start the carbonization furnace (2), pressure device (7) and spraying device (12), spraying device (12) to the inside of the carbonization furnace (2) spray low concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, carbonization furnace (2), pressure device (7) adjust temperature and pressure to make the solution in subcritical state; S4: cleaning process: clean the desilicated bamboo board (25), filter the impurities in the waste water, and retain the water containing sodium ions; S5: drying process: carbonization furnace (2), pressure device (7) adjust temperature and pressure to low pressure heating drying of the cleaned bamboo board (25); S6: high temperature, plasma and microwave synergistic treatment: ionization box (8) ionize inert gas to form plasma and shoot into the inside of the carbonization furnace (2), microwave device (11) directly shoot part of the microwave into the inside of the carbonization furnace (2), and the other part of the microwave is mixed with the plasma and then shot into the inside of the carbonization furnace (2); S7: steam activation treatment: use the water containing sodium ions in S4 as activation water, carbonization furnace (2) adjusts temperature, steam and carbon material have oxidation etching reaction, remove part of carbon skeleton, form pores.

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