Double-shaft rotary surface measuring instrument applied to appearance of inner surface and outer surface of tubular part

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pipe fitting detection, in particular to a double-shaft rotary surface measuring instrument applied to the appearance of the inner surface and the outer surface of a tubular part, and the double-shaft rotary surface measuring instrument comprises an L-shaped bottom frame and a concave top frame, the concave top frame is fixedly mounted at the top end of the L-shaped bottom frame, and a pretreatment mechanism is arranged in the L-shaped bottom frame; a positioning frame of a concave structure is rotationally arranged at the opening end in the concave top frame. According to the invention, through cooperation of self-adaptive clamping, pretreatment operation and double-axis scanning, the problems of large clamping difficulty, complex multi-directional scanning and limited measurement in detection of the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular part are solved, and high-efficiency and multi-specification compatible surface topography detection can be realized; the device is suitable for detection requirements of small-diameter and complex tubular members in the fields of precision machinery and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pipe fitting detection, in particular to a dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument applied to the internal and external surface morphology of a tubular fitting. Background Art

[0002] Large-scale tubular components, such as oil pipelines, cooling holes for aircraft engine turbine blades, and precision mechanical drive shafts, play a key role in modern industrial systems. However, the precise control of the internal and external surface morphology of large-scale tubular components faces many challenges during the actual manufacturing process. On the one hand, some tubular parts have complex geometric features, with both continuous curved surfaces and sudden changes in structure, and a large size span. The diversity and heterogeneity of the surface morphology place extremely high demands on the adaptability and accuracy of the measuring equipment. On the other hand, the microscopic defects and macroscopic geometric errors on the inner and outer surfaces of tubular parts will significantly affect their functional performance and service life.

[0003] Currently, surface inspection equipment for tubular components faces significant limitations in its measurement methods: Traditional contact measurement equipment often utilizes single-axis or simple dual-axis motion platforms, making it difficult to efficiently acquire 3D topographic data of the entire surface of tubular components, especially the inner walls of small-diameter deep holes. Non-contact optical measurement equipment, while able to avoid contact damage, is ineffective for pipes with low surface reflectivity and struggles to achieve simultaneous measurement of both inner and outer surfaces. Furthermore, the use of fixed-path scanning modes often leads to low measurement efficiency and the creation of data blind spots. Furthermore, for oversized pipes, the measurement space and carrying capacity are insufficient, severely impacting practical industrial inspection applications. To this end, an innovative design of a dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument is proposed. Through the coordinated movement of the tubular part's rotation axis and the measuring probe's feed axis, a spiral full-coverage scan of the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe can be achieved, as well as a multi-dimensional non-contact non-destructive testing effect. This effectively solves the problems of insufficient accuracy, low efficiency and limited scope of application of traditional equipment in the inspection of complex tubular parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of difficult clamping, complex multi-directional scanning and limited measurement in the inspection of the inner and outer surfaces of tubular parts through the coordinated cooperation of adaptive clamping, preprocessing operations and dual-axis scanning, which is conducive to the realization of high-efficiency, multi-specification compatible surface morphology inspection, and is suitable for the inspection needs of small diameter and complex tubular parts in fields such as precision machinery.

[0005] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: a dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for the internal and external surface morphology of a tubular member, comprising an L-shaped bottom frame and a concave top frame, wherein the concave top frame is fixedly mounted at the top end of the L-shaped bottom frame, a pre-processing mechanism is provided inside the L-shaped bottom frame, and a positioning frame with a concave structure is rotatably provided at the open end inside the concave top frame; The front and rear frames of the concave top frame are respectively provided with long slots, a spiral guide rod is provided in the rear end of the long slot for horizontal rotation, and a sliding rod is provided in the front end of the long slot for horizontal rotation, wherein a motor is provided between one end of the spiral guide rod and the inner wall of the long slot; The front end shaft of the positioning frame extends to the outside of the concave top frame and is provided with a second motor, and a multi-head clamping mechanism is provided inside the positioning frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the spiral guide rod 1 and the sliding rod are respectively sleeved with sliders, and the spiral guide rod 1 and the slider are in a spiral connection, the bottoms of the two groups of sliders extend to the outside of the long groove and are jointly fixed with a connecting plate, and two groups of transverse probe rods are provided on the top surface of the connecting plate, and the transverse probe rods are provided with a laser probe away from the end of the connecting plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the spiral guide rod 1 and the outside of the slide rod and located adjacent to the slider are respectively provided with a sliding sleeve with a resistance cylinder, and the spiral guide rod 1 and the outside of the slide rod and located on one side of the resistance cylinder are respectively sleeved with a buffer spring group coil, and the top of the two groups of the resistance cylinders and one end away from the slider are jointly installed with a longitudinal probe rod through a vertical rod, and two groups of laser probes are provided at the bottom of the longitudinal probe rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the pretreatment mechanism includes a sliding frame fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the L-shaped bottom frame away from the open end, and a dual-axis motor is provided at the center of the interior of the sliding frame. The front and rear end output shafts of the dual-axis motor are respectively fixedly installed with two spiral guide rods with opposite threaded structures, and the two groups of spiral guide rods are respectively fixedly sleeved on the outside, and the two groups of spiral sleeves are respectively fixedly installed with vertical poles at the center of the top end.

[0009] Furthermore, four groups of plywood are equidistantly arranged on the top of the sliding frame, and a side panel is commonly provided at one end of the four groups of plywood, and a cylinder is commonly provided between the bottom of the side panel and the inner wall of the bottom of the L-shaped bottom frame. One end of the two groups of plywood located at the front and rear ends slides with the sliding groove provided on the wall surface of the side panel, and empty grooves are respectively provided inside the two groups of plate bodies, and the two groups of vertical rods respectively pass through the corresponding empty grooves, and the bottoms of the two groups of plywood located in the center are fixedly connected to the wall surface of the side panel.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-head clamping mechanism includes a movable long plate slidably installed inside the positioning frame and a fixed long plate arranged at the bottom of the movable long plate, and the front and rear ends of the fixed long plate are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the positioning frame, a second cylinder is provided at the center of the top surface of the fixed long plate, and a push rod arranged at the output shaft at the top of the second cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable long plate, the front and rear ends of the bottom of the fixed long plate are respectively rotatably connected to vertical cylinders, and a limiting cylinder is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-head clamping mechanism includes a movable long plate slidably installed inside the positioning frame and a fixed long plate arranged at the bottom of the movable long plate, and the front and rear ends of the fixed long plate are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the positioning frame, a second cylinder is provided at the center of the top surface of the fixed long plate, and a push rod arranged at the output shaft at the top of the second cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable long plate, the front and rear ends of the bottom of the fixed long plate are respectively rotatably connected to vertical cylinders, and a limiting cylinder is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, a tooth group is provided at the top position of the outer wall of the limiting cylinder, an auxiliary rotating gear is meshed between the two groups of tooth groups of the limiting cylinder, and a motor three is provided between the top of the auxiliary rotating gear and the fixed long plate.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention realizes adaptive clamping and chip removal of multiple groups of pipe fittings by setting up a pre-treatment mechanism, adopts a dual-axis motor to drive two groups of spiral guide rods with reverse threads, thereby driving the front and rear end clamping plates to move relative to each other, and cooperates with the fixed clamping plate to realize adaptive clamping of pipe fittings of different diameters, so as to be compatible with pipe fittings of multiple specifications; then, the side plate and the clamping plate are pushed up and down as a whole by the cylinder, forcing the bottom of the pipe fitting to collide with the L-shaped bottom frame, and using mechanical shock to accelerate the shedding of external waste chips, while taking into account the positioning, installation and unloading of the pipe fittings, and the sedimentation-type unloading reduces rolling damage.

[0014] The present invention also provides a multi-head clamping mechanism, using the inclined surface of the conical cylinder to push multiple groups of abutment plates to expand outward. The abutment plates are elastically connected to the damping spring shock-absorbing ring through the insert, thereby achieving flexible clamping of the inner wall of the pipe fitting to avoid rigid damage. The auxiliary gear meshes with the tooth group on the outer wall of the limit cylinder, driving the two groups of limit cylinders 65 and the pipe fitting to rotate synchronously, and cooperating with the detection mechanism to achieve multi-directional circumferential scanning of the pipe fitting. Combined with the detection structure, the spiral guide rod rotates and drives the connecting plate and the horizontal probe rod to move horizontally through the slider, so that the laser probe can be inserted into the inner wall of the pipe in a straight line and scanned horizontally; the slider simultaneously pushes the cylinder, and the buffer spring coil is compressed to push the longitudinal probe rod to move in a straight line along the outer wall of the pipe. The laser probe synchronously scans the outer wall longitudinally, forming a dual-probe layout for synchronous detection of the inner and outer walls. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operating state of the loading plate structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a side view of the loading plate structure of the present invention; Figure 4It is a plan view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the L-shaped bottom frame and the pretreatment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a half-section schematic diagram of the multi-head clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the multi-head clamping mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. L-shaped bottom frame; 2. Concave top frame; 201. Spiral guide rod 1; 202. Sliding rod; 203. Motor 1; 204. Sliding block; 205. Connecting plate; 206. Horizontal probe rod; 207. Retaining cylinder; 208. Buffer spring assembly coil; 209. Longitudinal probe rod; 3. Pre-treatment mechanism; 31. Sliding frame; 32. Dual-axis motor; 33. Spiral guide rod 2; 34. Spiral sleeve; 35. Vertical rod; 36. Clamping plate; 37. Side plate; 38. Cylinder 1; 4. Positioning frame; 5. Motor 2; 6. Multi-head clamping mechanism; 61. Movable long board; 62. Fixed long board; 63. Cylinder 2; 64. Vertical cylinder; 65. Limiting cylinder; 66. Conical cylinder; 67. Lifting rod; 68. Retaining plate; 69. Insert; 610. Damping spring shock absorber ring; 611. Auxiliary gear; 612. Motor 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for the internal and external surface topography of tubular parts includes an L-shaped bottom frame 1 and a concave top frame 2, wherein the concave top frame 2 is fixedly mounted at the top end of the L-shaped bottom frame 1, a pre-processing mechanism 3 is provided inside the L-shaped bottom frame 1, a positioning frame 4 with a concave structure is rotatably provided at the open end inside the concave top frame 2, a front end shaft of the positioning frame 4 extends to the outside of the concave top frame 2 and is provided with a motor 5, and a multi-head clamping mechanism 6 is provided inside the positioning frame 4; The pre-treatment mechanism 3 includes a sliding frame 31 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the bottom of the L-shaped bottom frame 1 away from the open end, and a dual-axis motor 32 is provided at the center of the sliding frame 31. The front and rear output shafts of the dual-axis motor 32 are respectively fixedly mounted with two spiral guide rods 33 with opposite thread structures. The outsides of the two sets of spiral guide rods 33 are respectively fixedly sleeved with spiral sleeves 34. The top centers of the two sets of spiral sleeves 34 are respectively fixedly mounted with vertical rods 35. Four groups of plywood 36 are equidistantly arranged on the top of the sliding frame 31. A side plate 37 is commonly provided at one end of the four groups of plywood 36. A cylinder 38 is commonly provided between the bottom of the side plate 37 and the inner wall of the bottom of the L-shaped bottom frame 1. One end of the two groups of plywood 36 at the front and rear ends slides in the sliding groove provided on the wall surface of the side plate 37. The two groups of plate bodies are respectively provided with an empty groove inside. The two groups of vertical rods 35 respectively pass through the corresponding empty grooves. The bottom of the two groups of plywood 36 at the center is fixedly connected to the wall surface of the side plate 37. During the specific operation, first, two sets of pipe fittings are placed vertically on the top surface of the L-shaped bottom frame 1, and ensure that the two sets of pipe fittings are respectively clamped between the two adjacent sets of clamping plates 36. Then, the dual-axis motor 32 is started and drives the two sets of spiral guide rods 33 with reverse threads to rotate in the same direction, forcing the two sets of clamping plates 36 at the front and rear ends to move relative to each other. As a result, the clamping plates 36 at the front and rear ends and the adjacent fixed mounting clamping plates 36 jointly adaptively clamp the bottom of the pipe fittings. At the same time, the cylinder 1 38 is started to use the push rod to push the side plate 36, the plurality of clamping plates 36 and the clamped pipe fittings to move up and down synchronously. During the downward movement, the bottoms of the two groups of pipe fittings collide with the bottom inner wall of the L-shaped bottom frame 1 respectively, so as to achieve the shock of the pipe fittings and accelerate the shedding of the waste chips outside the pipe fittings. In addition, this method of clamping and moving up and down can also be used for positioning, installing and unloading pipe fittings. By cooperating with the multi-head clamping mechanism 6, the pipe fittings can be lifted to the position of the multi-head clamping mechanism 6 for clamping and installation, and the pipe fittings can be unloaded by settling, thereby reducing damage to the pipe fittings during the rolling process.

[0020] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the multi-head clamping mechanism 6 includes a movable long plate 61 slidably mounted inside the positioning frame 4 and a fixed long plate 62 arranged at the bottom of the movable long plate 61, and the front and rear ends of the fixed long plate 62 are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the positioning frame 4, a second cylinder 63 is provided at the center of the top surface of the fixed long plate 62, and a push rod provided at the output shaft of the top of the second cylinder 63 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable long plate 61, and the front and rear ends of the bottom of the fixed long plate 62 are respectively rotatably connected to vertical cylinders 64, and a limiting cylinder 65 is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder 64; A tapered cylinder 66, which is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, is movably provided at the center of the inner portion of the limiting cylinder 65. A lifting rod 67 is fixedly installed at the center of the top of the tapered cylinder 66. One end of the lifting rod 67 passes through the limiting cylinder 65 and extends to the outside of the vertical cylinder 64. The top end of the lifting rod 67 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable long plate 62. Several groups of abutment plates 68 are movably provided at equal distances inside the limiting cylinder 65 and on the inclined surface of the tapered cylinder 66. One end of the stop plate 68 extends outside the limiting cylinder 65. An insert 69 is fixedly provided at the middle section of each set of stop plates 68, and both ends of the insert 69 extend to both sides of the stop plate 68. Damping spring shock-absorbing rings 610 are provided between both ends of the insert 69 and the inner wall of the limiting cylinder 65. A tooth group is provided at the top position of the outer wall of the limiting cylinder 65. An auxiliary rotating gear 611 is meshed between the tooth groups of the two sets of limiting cylinders 65, and a motor 3 612 is provided between the top of the auxiliary rotating gear 611 and the fixed long plate 61. The two groups of pipe fittings are clamped by the pre-processing mechanism 3 and lifted along the inside of the positioning tube 4 until the top pipe openings of the two groups of pipe fittings are sleeved with the outside of the two groups of limiting cylinders 65. Then, the second cylinder 63 is started to use the push rod to pull the movable plate 61 and the two groups of lifting rods 67 to move up or down. When the movable plate 61 sinks downward, the lifting rod 67 pushes the cone 66 downward synchronously, and uses the inclined surface of the cone 66 to continuously press the inclined surfaces of the groups of supporting plates 68, forcing the ends of the groups of supporting plates 68 away from the inclined surfaces to continuously move toward the outside of the limiting cylinder 65 until the groups of supporting plates 68 press against the inner wall of the pipe fitting and the pipe fitting is supported and lifted. Then start the motor 2 5 to drive the positioning frame 4 to turn clockwise by 90 degrees, forcing the two groups of clamped pipes to turn over to the inside of the concave top frame 2 for inner and outer wall inspection.

[0021] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the front and rear frames of the concave top frame 2 are respectively provided with long slots, a spiral guide rod 201 is provided in the rear end long slot for horizontal rotation, and a sliding rod 202 is provided in the front end long slot for horizontal rotation; A motor 203 is provided between one end of the spiral guide rod 201 and the inner wall of the long groove. Slide blocks 204 are respectively sleeved on the outside of the spiral guide rod 201 and the sliding rod 202. The spiral guide rod 201 and the slide blocks 204 are spirally connected. The bottoms of the two groups of slide blocks 204 extend to the outside of the long groove and are fixedly installed with a connecting plate 205. Two groups of horizontal probe rods 206 are provided on the top surface of the connecting plate 205. A laser probe is provided on the end of the horizontal probe rod 206 away from the connecting plate 205. A sleeve 207 is provided on the outside of the spiral guide rod 201 and the slide rod 202 and adjacent to the slider 204. A buffer spring coil 208 is provided on the outside of the spiral guide rod 201 and the slide rod 202 and on one side of the sleeve 207. A longitudinal probe rod 209 is installed on the top of the two sets of sleeves 207 and at one end away from the slider 204 through a vertical rod. Two sets of laser probes are provided at the bottom of the longitudinal probe rod 209. The specific detection process includes: after the two groups of pipe fittings are turned over, they are respectively located at the bottom of the longitudinal probe rod 209, and the pipe fitting ports of the two groups correspond to the laser probes of the two groups of transverse probe rods 206 on the left and right. At this time, the motor 203 and the spiral guide rod 201 are started to rotate, thereby driving the slider 204 outside thereof to move synchronously, and pulling the connecting plate 205 and the other group of sliders 204 to move synchronously. During this period, the connecting plate 205 pushes the two groups of transverse probe rods 206 to move until the laser probe at the end of the transverse probe rod 206 is linearly inserted into the inner wall of the pipe fitting, and infrared detection is performed on the changes in the inner wall surface of the pipe fitting; At the same time, the two sets of sliders 204 simultaneously push the two sets of cylinders 207 to move, and the buffer spring coil 208 is compressed. The longitudinal probe rod 209 located at the top of the cylinder 207 and connected to each other moves linearly along the outer wall of the two sets of pipes, and the two sets of laser probes located outside the longitudinal probe rod 209 also scan linearly along the outer wall of the pipe. This embodiment is combined with the second embodiment. The motor three 612 drives the auxiliary gear 611 to rotate and engage with the tooth group on the outside of the adjacent limit cylinder 65, thereby realizing the rotation of the two groups of limit cylinders 65, and the pipe fittings sleeved on the outside of the limit cylinder 65 also rotate accordingly and cooperate with the detection components to realize multi-directional detection of the inner and outer rings of the pipe fittings, which is conducive to comprehensive analysis of the pipe fittings.

[0022] Working Principle: When the present invention is in use, the pre-treatment mechanism 3 is used to clamp the pipe fitting and vibrate it to remove chips. The dual-axis motor 32 drives two sets of reverse-threaded spiral guide rods 33, which drive the front and rear end clamping plates 36 to move relative to each other through the spiral sleeve 34. The front and rear end clamping plates cooperate with the fixed clamping plates to achieve adaptive clamping of pipe fittings of different diameters. The cylinder 1 38 pushes the side plates 37 and the clamping plates 36 to move up and down as a whole, causing the bottom of the pipe fitting to collide with the L-shaped bottom frame 1. The mechanical vibration accelerates the shedding of external waste chips, while taking into account the positioning, installation and unloading of the pipe fitting. Subsequently, the multi-head clamping mechanism 6 is used to lift the pipe fitting to the inside of the concave top frame 2, and the lifting rod 67 is driven by the cylinder 2 63 to press the cone 66 downward, and the inclined surface of the cone 68 is used to push the multiple sets of abutment plates 68 outward to achieve flexible clamping of the inner wall of the pipe fitting. The motor 3 612 drives the auxiliary gear 611 to engage with the tooth group on the outer wall of the limit cylinder 65, driving the two sets of limit cylinders 65 and the pipe fitting to rotate synchronously, and cooperate with the detection mechanism to achieve multi-directional circumferential scanning of the pipe fitting. The cone 66 and the abutment plate 68 inside the multi-head clamping mechanism 6 cooperate to support the inner wall of the pipe fitting, ensuring that the pipe fitting remains stable during the flipping and detection process. Furthermore, the inner and outer walls of the pipe are detected by the detection components inside the concave top frame 2, the motor 203 drives the spiral guide rod 201 to rotate, the sliding block 204 drives the connecting plate 205 and the horizontal probe rod 206 to translate, the linear insertion scanning (horizontal scanning) of the laser probe on the inner wall of the pipe is realized, the sliding block 204 synchronously pushes the cylinder 207, the buffer spring group ring 208 is compressed to buffer, the longitudinal probe rod 209 is pushed to move linearly along the outer wall of the pipe, the laser probe synchronously scans the outer wall (longitudinal scanning), and the double-probe layout of the synchronous detection of the inner and outer walls is formed; Finally, the appearance of the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe is analyzed according to the detection data, and the whole detection process is completed.

[0023] The preferred embodiments disclosed above are only used to help explain the present application. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details and limit the present application to the specific embodiments. Obviously, according to the content of the present application, many modifications and changes can be made. The present application is selected and described in detail, in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that the persons skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present application. The present application is limited by the claims and the whole scope and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface morphology of a tubular component, comprising an L-shaped bottom frame (1) and a concave top frame (2), wherein the concave top frame (2) is fixedly mounted at the top end of the L-shaped bottom frame (1), and characterized in that: A pre-processing mechanism (3) is provided inside the L-shaped bottom frame (1), and a positioning frame (4) with a concave structure is rotatably provided at the open end inside the concave top frame (2); The front and rear frames of the concave top frame (2) are respectively provided with long slots, a spiral guide rod (201) is provided in the rear end long slot for horizontal rotation, and a sliding rod (202) is provided in the front end long slot for horizontal rotation, wherein a motor (203) is provided between one end of the spiral guide rod (201) and the inner wall of the long slot; The front end shaft of the positioning frame (4) extends to the outside of the concave top frame (2) and is provided with a second motor (5). The interior of the positioning frame (4) is provided with a multi-head clamping mechanism (6).

2. The dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface topography of a tubular component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral guide rod 1 (201) and the sliding rod (202) are respectively sleeved with a slider (204), and the spiral guide rod 1 (201) and the slider (204) are in a spiral connection. The bottoms of the two groups of sliders (204) extend to the outside of the long groove and are fixedly installed with a connecting plate (205). Two groups of transverse probe rods (206) are provided on the top surface of the connecting plate (205), and a laser probe is provided at the end of the transverse probe rod (206) away from the connecting plate (205).

3. The dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface topography of a tubular component according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spiral guide rod (201) and the slide rod (202) are respectively provided with a sliding sleeve with a sleeve (207) at the outside of the spiral guide rod (201) and the slide rod (202) and located adjacent to the slider (204), and the spiral guide rod (201) and the slide rod (202) are respectively provided with a buffer spring coil (208) at one side of the sleeve (207). The top of the two groups of sleeves (207) and one end away from the slider (204) are jointly installed with a longitudinal probe rod (209) through a vertical rod, and two groups of laser probes are provided at the bottom of the longitudinal probe rod (209).

4. The dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface topography of a tubular component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment mechanism (3) comprises a sliding frame (31) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the bottom of the L-shaped bottom frame (1) away from the open end, and a dual-axis motor (32) is provided at the center of the interior of the sliding frame (31), and the front and rear end output shafts of the dual-axis motor (32) are respectively fixedly mounted with two spiral guide rods (33) with opposite thread structures, and the outsides of the two groups of the spiral guide rods (33) are respectively fixedly sleeved with spiral sleeves (34), and the top centers of the two groups of the spiral sleeves (34) are respectively fixedly mounted with vertical rods (35).

5. The dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface topography of a tubular component according to claim 4, characterized in that: Four groups of splints (36) are equidistantly arranged on the top of the sliding frame (31), and a side plate (37) is commonly arranged at one end of the four groups of splints (36). A cylinder (38) is commonly arranged between the bottom of the side plate (37) and the inner wall of the bottom of the L-shaped bottom frame (1). One end of the two groups of splints (36) located at the front and rear ends slides with the sliding grooves arranged on the wall of the side plate (37), and the two groups of plate bodies are respectively provided with empty grooves. The two groups of vertical rods (35) are respectively passed through the corresponding empty grooves. The bottoms of the two groups of splints (36) located in the center are fixedly connected to the wall of the side plate (37).

6. The dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface topography of a tubular component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-head clamping mechanism (6) includes a movable long plate (61) slidably mounted inside the positioning frame (4) and a fixed long plate (62) arranged at the bottom of the movable long plate (61), and the front and rear ends of the fixed long plate (62) are respectively fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the positioning frame (4), a second cylinder (63) is provided at the center of the top surface of the fixed long plate (62), and a push rod provided at the output shaft of the top of the second cylinder (63) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable long plate (61), and the front and rear ends of the bottom of the fixed long plate (62) are respectively rotatably connected to the vertical cylinder (64), and a limiting cylinder (65) is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder (64).

7. The dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface topography of a tubular component according to claim 6, characterized in that: A tapered cylinder (66) having a narrow bottom and a wide top is movably provided at the center of the inner portion of the limiting cylinder (65), and a lifting rod (67) is fixedly installed at the center of the top of the tapered cylinder (66). One end of the lifting rod (67) passes through the limiting cylinder (65) and extends to the outside of the vertical cylinder (64), and the top of the lifting rod (67) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable long plate (62). Several groups of abutment plates (68) are movably provided at equal distances inside the limiting cylinder (65) and located on the inclined surface of the tapered cylinder (66), and one end of the abutment plates (68) extends to the outside of the limiting cylinder (65). An insert (69) is fixedly provided at the middle section of each group of the abutment plates (68), and the two ends of the insert (69) extend to both sides of the insert (68), and damping spring shock-absorbing rings (610) are respectively provided between the two ends of the insert (69) and the inner wall of the limiting cylinder (65).

8. The dual-axis rotary surface measuring instrument for measuring the internal and external surface topography of a tubular component according to claim 6, characterized in that: A tooth group is provided at the top position of the outer wall of the limiting cylinder (65), an auxiliary rotating gear (611) is meshed between the two groups of tooth groups of the limiting cylinder (65), and a motor three (612) is provided between the top of the auxiliary rotating gear (611) and the fixed long plate (61).

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