A method for the preparation of a fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil, which comprises the following steps: mixing and processing initial proportioned black carbon, nitrogen fertilizer and conditioning agent of each group to obtain an initial fertilizer sample; sampling soil of a target navel orange orchard, packing the initial soil sample into a sealed bag and marking the sampling position, depth and time, and measuring initial soil parameters of the initial soil sample; applying the initial fertilizer sample to the navel orange tree at the soil sampling point, covering the soil and watering after fertilization; periodically detecting soil parameters of the soil sampling point, and analyzing whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters, and analyzing the reason why the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified when it is determined that the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, and performing irrigation treatment or adjusting the amount of fertilizer based on the determined reason, the present application improves the precision of fertilizer preparation process control by improving the continuous monitoring feedback of fertilizer use to adjust the preparation proportion of the fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and in particular to a method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil. Background Technology

[0002] As a typical subtropical evergreen fruit tree, the growth, development, and fruit quality of navel oranges are closely dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, especially the soil pore structure, pH balance, and nutrient retention capacity. During long-term cultivation, navel orange orchard soils are prone to problems such as increased bulk density, decreased capillary porosity, acidification (lower pH), and insufficient cation exchange capacity (CEC). This leads to poor soil aeration and weakened water and fertilizer retention capacity, which in turn affects root absorption efficiency, resulting in uneven fruit coloring, reduced sugar content, and other quality declines. Traditional methods often use a single, fixed ratio of charcoal and nitrogen fertilizer, without considering the influence of different initial soil conditions in different orchards (such as sand-to-clay ratio and differences in initial porosity), leading to large fluctuations in fertilizer effectiveness.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application No. CN201610279592.4 discloses a method for improving orchard soil using microbial fertilizer. The method includes the following steps: (1) tilling the orchard soil and applying bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 1000-2000 kg / mu; during tilling, avoid turning the lower soil layer onto the surface soil; (2) using a rotary tiller to till the orchard, rake the soil finely and level it. This invention can significantly improve the soil, reduce soil salinity, reduce soil-borne diseases, increase the survival rate of seedlings to over 80%, and increase crop yield; the method of this invention is simple and easy to promote and use.

[0004] However, existing technologies still have the following problems:

[0005] Traditional methods often use a single, fixed ratio of charcoal and nitrogen fertilizer, without considering the influence of different initial soil conditions in orchards, resulting in large fluctuations in fertilizer effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the present invention provides a fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil, which overcomes the problem that traditional methods in the prior art mostly use a single fixed ratio of black charcoal and nitrogen fertilizer, without considering the influence of different initial soil conditions in different orchards, resulting in large fluctuations in fertilizer effect.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil. It includes:

[0008] Step S1: Mix the initial proportions of black charcoal, nitrogen fertilizer and conditioner in each group to obtain initial fertilizer samples, and seal and store them for later use.

[0009] Step S2: Soil samples are taken from the target navel orange orchard. The initial soil samples are placed in sealed bags and the sampling location, depth and time are marked. The initial soil parameters of the initial soil samples are measured.

[0010] Step S3: Apply initial fertilizer samples to the navel orange trees at the soil sampling points, and then cover with soil and water after fertilization;

[0011] Step S4: Periodically detect soil parameters at soil sampling points, analyze whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters, and analyze the reasons for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process when it is determined that the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, and carry out irrigation treatment or adjust the amount of fertilizer based on the determined reasons.

[0012] Further, in step S4, analyzing whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters includes:

[0013] Multiple samples were taken to obtain several capillary porosities, and the average capillary porosity was calculated.

[0014] If the average capillary porosity is greater than or equal to the preset average capillary porosity, the fertilizer preparation process is deemed qualified.

[0015] If the average capillary porosity is less than the preset average capillary porosity, the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified, and the reasons for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process are analyzed based on the variance of capillary porosity.

[0016] Furthermore, the reasons for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process based on the variance analysis of capillary porosity include:

[0017] Determine the capillary porosity obtained from multiple sampling points.

[0018] Calculate the variance of capillary porosity.

[0019] If the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is carried out.

[0020] If the variance is less than the preset variance, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be that the amount of fertilizer used is unqualified, and the amount of fertilizer used is adjusted based on the capillary porosity.

[0021] Furthermore, the method of adjusting fertilizer dosage based on capillary porosity includes:

[0022] The difference between the preset average capillary porosity and the average capillary porosity is calculated to obtain the capillary porosity difference. The amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity difference, wherein the increase in the amount of fertilizer is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0023] Furthermore, when the fertilizer dosage adjustment is completed, the fertilizer dosage is adjusted based on the cumulative usage time, wherein the reduction in fertilizer dosage is positively correlated with the cumulative usage time.

[0024] Furthermore, upon completion of fertilizer dosage adjustment, capillary porosity is continuously monitored. Based on the capillary porosity measured in the next monitoring cycle meeting the fertilizer dosage adjustment conditions, a secondary adjustment amount of fertilizer is determined, and the adjustment method is determined based on the secondary adjustment amount, including:

[0025] If the secondary adjustment amount of fertilizer is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is carried out.

[0026] If the amount of fertilizer used for secondary adjustment is less than the preset adjustment amount, then the amount of fertilizer used for secondary adjustment will be adjusted.

[0027] Furthermore, when determining that the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is that the soil is unqualified and irrigation treatment is carried out, the irrigation amount is determined based on the capillary porosity difference at a single point, and the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0028] Furthermore, once the irrigation amount is determined, the irrigation amount is increased based on the amount of fertilizer used, and the increase in irrigation amount is positively correlated with the amount of fertilizer used.

[0029] Furthermore, points with porosity lower than a preset porosity are marked, and the average distribution distance of the marked points is calculated. The irrigation amount for each marked point is adjusted according to the distribution distance, and the adjustment amount of the irrigation amount for each marked point is negatively correlated with the distribution distance.

[0030] Furthermore, once the irrigation amount correction is completed, the fertilizer preparation process is judged a second time based on the soil capillary porosity to determine whether it is qualified. If the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, the fertilizer ratio is determined to be unqualified, and a readjustment instruction is issued.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention obtains capillary porosity by sampling at multiple points and calculates the average capillary porosity, which can effectively avoid the random errors of single-point sampling, reduce the interference of local anomalies on the overall judgment, and judge the qualification based on the comparison of the average porosity with the preset value, which can more objectively reflect the overall physical properties of fertilizer. When the average capillary porosity does not meet the standard, the cause can be analyzed by variance analysis of capillary porosity. The characteristic of variance reflecting the dispersion of data can be used to accurately locate the root cause of the problem.

[0032] Furthermore, this invention, by comparing the variance with a preset variance, clearly categorizes the reasons for non-compliance into two types: unqualified soil and unqualified fertilizer dosage. This avoids the ambiguity of traditional experience-based judgments. When the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, it directly points to inherent soil defects (such as local compaction, uneven particle composition, and other inherent problems), which are unrelated to the uniformity of fertilizer application. When the variance is less than the preset variance, it is clearly determined to be a problem with fertilizer dosage or ratio, as the overall porosity is low and the spatial distribution is uniform, reflecting that the fertilizer effect has not met expectations. For unqualified soil, irrigation treatment is used to directly address the inherent soil defects. For unqualified fertilizer dosage, the dosage is adjusted based on capillary porosity to achieve on-demand adjustment and precisely compensate for insufficient fertilizer effect.

[0033] Furthermore, this invention directly correlates the increase in fertilizer application rate with the capillary porosity difference, and clearly shows a positive correlation between the increase rate and the porosity difference. The larger the porosity difference (the greater the actual value is lower than the preset value), the greater the increase in fertilizer application rate, accurately compensating for the insufficient water retention and aeration capacity of the soil. The smaller the porosity difference, the less the fertilizer application rate increases, avoiding resource waste or soil pollution caused by excessive fertilization. The first proportional coefficient is selected through effect tests of 5 different coefficients under the same conditions, with the adjusted deviation less than or equal to 2% as the standard to ensure the practical effectiveness of the coefficient. A ternary regression model of coefficient-porosity difference-improvement effect is established by combining more than 3 years of field data, and the least squares method is used to fit the optimal solution, so that the coefficient can adapt to different scenarios.

[0034] Furthermore, this invention adjusts the dosage based on the cumulative usage time, and explicitly states that the reduction is positively correlated with the cumulative usage time. This fully considers the continuous effect of fertilizer in the soil. As the cumulative usage time increases, fertilizer components in the soil may gradually accumulate (such as nutrient residues and cumulative improvement effects). At this time, appropriately reducing the dosage can avoid soil structural imbalance caused by excessive accumulation (such as pore blockage and deterioration of physicochemical properties). When the cumulative usage time is short, the reduction is small, ensuring the stability of the early improvement effect. This dynamic adjustment logic enables the fertilizer dosage to meet the soil improvement needs while adapting to the cumulative effect of long-term application, achieving "reduction on demand" and improving the sustainability of fertilization.

[0035] Furthermore, this invention constructs a precise feedback mechanism by continuously monitoring capillary porosity and making secondary adjustments based on the data from the next cycle. When the porosity in the next cycle still does not meet the standard and the dosage adjustment conditions are met, the secondary adjustment amount is calculated to determine whether the strategy needs to be adjusted, avoiding the limitations of single adjustments. For improvement effects that do not meet expectations, the original adjustment method is not blindly repeated. Instead, the threshold of the secondary adjustment amount is used to determine whether to continue optimizing the dosage or switch to soil treatment, ensuring that each adjustment step can address the problem specifically. This closed-loop logic enables continuous tracking and optimization of soil improvement effects, reducing the need for multiple adjustments. The secondary adjustment may lead to a rebound in the effect or ineffective investment. By comparing the secondary adjustment amount with the preset adjustment amount, the problem type is further refined. When the secondary adjustment amount is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, the soil is judged to be unqualified, indicating that even if the fertilizer amount is continuously increased, it is difficult to improve the situation, and the core problem lies in the soil structure itself. When the secondary adjustment amount is less than the preset adjustment amount, the amount is adjusted again, indicating that the problem can still be solved by optimizing the fertilizer amount. This secondary distinction based on the adjustment amount threshold is more accurate than single analysis, avoiding misjudging soil problems as fertilizer problems, or vice versa, and greatly improving the targeting of problem solving.

[0036] Furthermore, this invention determines the irrigation amount by measuring the capillary porosity difference at individual points. For points where the capillary porosity is significantly lower than the preset value, the irrigation amount is greater, which can effectively address local soil structure problems. For points with smaller differences, the irrigation amount is appropriately reduced to avoid excessive irrigation that leads to a decrease in soil permeability due to excessive moisture.

[0037] Furthermore, this invention simultaneously increases irrigation volume when fertilizer usage increases, which promotes the dissolution, diffusion, and transformation of fertilizer in the soil, avoiding local soil osmotic pressure imbalance caused by excessive fertilizer concentration. The simultaneous replenishment of water enhances the mobility of nutrients in the soil, improves the root system's absorption efficiency of fertilizer, and allows the fertilizer to play a more effective role. This synergistic logic avoids the imbalance problem of too much fertilizer and too little water or too much water and too little fertilizer, allowing fertilizer and water resources to work together to improve overall utilization efficiency.

[0038] Furthermore, this invention achieves precise spatial control by calculating the average distribution distance of the marked points and adjusting the irrigation amount accordingly. When the marked points are densely distributed, it indicates that the soil problem areas are concentrated. In this case, the adjustment increases the irrigation amount, which can strengthen the local improvement and avoid incomplete improvement caused by mutual interference in dense areas. When the marked points are sparsely distributed, the adjustment appropriately reduces the irrigation amount to avoid resource waste caused by excessive irrigation in scattered areas. After the irrigation amount is adjusted, a second judgment is made by checking whether the average capillary porosity meets the standard. If it still does not meet the standard, it is directly judged that the fertilizer ratio is unqualified. This avoids misjudging fertilizer formula defects as soil or dosage problems. When the second judgment is that the ratio is unqualified, a readjustment instruction is issued, which directly links the field application effect with the fertilizer production process. This provides clear data basis for formula optimization, avoids resource waste and soil burden caused by the continuous application of unqualified fertilizers, improves fertilizer quality from the source, and reduces subsequent improvement costs. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 A flowchart for determining whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified;

[0041] Figure 3 A flowchart for determining the reasons for defects in the fertilizer preparation process;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a flowchart for determining the adjustment method based on the secondary adjustment amount. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that the data in this embodiment are all derived from a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of historical data from the six months prior to this determination and the corresponding historical determination results by the system described in this invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the system described in this invention can determine the above-mentioned parameters for a single item by selecting the value with the highest proportion based on the data distribution as the preset standard parameter, using weighted summation to obtain the value as the preset standard parameter, substituting each historical data point into a specific formula and using the value obtained by that formula as the preset standard parameter, or other selection methods, as long as the system described in this invention can clearly define different specific situations in the single-item determination process through the obtained values.

[0045] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0047] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 As shown, it is a flowchart of the fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil according to the present invention.

[0049] The fertilizer preparation method for navel orange orchard soil provided in this embodiment includes:

[0050] Step S1: Mix the initial proportions of black charcoal, nitrogen fertilizer and conditioner in each group to obtain initial fertilizer samples, and seal and store them for later use.

[0051] Step S2: Soil samples are taken from the target navel orange orchard. The initial soil samples are placed in sealed bags and the sampling location, depth and time are marked. The initial soil parameters of the initial soil samples are measured.

[0052] Step S3: Apply initial fertilizer samples to the navel orange trees at the soil sampling points, and then cover with soil and water after fertilization;

[0053] Step S4: Periodically detect soil parameters at soil sampling points, analyze whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters, and analyze the reasons for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process when it is determined that the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, and carry out irrigation treatment or adjust the amount of fertilizer based on the determined reasons.

[0054] The initial soil parameters mentioned in this embodiment of the invention include, but are not limited to, "soil bulk density, soil capillary porosity, pH, and CEC". Soil sampling of the target navel orange orchard includes setting up sampling points in the target navel orange orchard using an "S" shaped layout method. The number of sampling points is determined according to the orchard area, usually 10-15 sampling points are set up for every 5 acres of orchard. The sampling points should avoid special areas such as the edge of the orchard, directly below the tree basin, and fertilizer ditch. At each sampling point, a soil drill with a diameter of 5cm is used to sample in two layers: 0-20cm (cultivated layer) and 20-40cm (subcultivated layer). When sampling, the surface dead branches, fallen leaves, and weeds are removed first, and then the drill is drilled vertically. The amount of soil taken from each layer is controlled at 200-300g. Place soil samples from the same layer into a clean plastic basin, break up clods by hand, and remove stones, roots, insects, and other impurities. After sampling, reduce the soil sample using the quartering method: pour the well-mixed soil sample onto a clean plastic sheet, spread it into a uniform circle, and divide the soil into four parts along two perpendicular diameters. Discard the two diagonally opposite parts, mix the remaining two parts thoroughly, and repeat the above operation until the soil sample weight is reduced to approximately 500g. Place the reduced soil sample into a polyethylene sealed bag, affix a label to the outside of the bag indicating the sampling point number, sampling depth, sampling date, orchard name, and geographical location. At the same time, record the basic information of each sampling point in detail on the sampling record sheet, such as soil color, texture, and vegetation cover. After sampling, the soil sample should be brought back to the laboratory in a timely manner. If it cannot be measured immediately, the sample should be stored in a 4℃ refrigerator for no more than 7 days to avoid changes in soil microbial activity and chemical properties, which could affect the initial soil parameter measurement results.

[0055] The period described in this embodiment of the invention (which can be determined according to soil characteristics, for example: for clay soil (clay particle (particle size < 0.002 mm) content ≥ 30%, sand particle (particle size 0.05-2 mm) content ≤ 20%, silt particle (particle size 0.002-0.05 mm) content 50%-70%. Soil particle composition is determined by sieving or hydrometer method. When the clay particle content meets the above range, it can be preliminarily determined to be clay soil), due to its fine texture and slow fertilizer effect, the detection period can be appropriately extended, such as selecting 15 days, 20 days, and 30 days as detection nodes; sandy soil has a loose texture and fertilizer takes effect quickly, so the detection nodes can be densified, such as 7 days, 15 days, and 30 days) includes soil parameters at each detection node. According to the same "S" shaped point layout method as in step S2, the original sampling points are sampled a second time to ensure sampling. The location and depth were consistent with the initial sampling. After removing impurities such as dead branches, fallen leaves, roots, and stones, the sample was reduced to 300g using the quartering method, placed in a polyethylene sealed bag, and labeled with the testing cycle, sampling point number, depth, and date. Soil bulk density: The ring cutter method was used, where undisturbed soil samples were placed in a ring cutter of known volume, weighed, and the weight of dry soil per unit volume was calculated. This was repeated 3 times, and the average value was taken. Soil capillary porosity: The tensiometer method was used to measure and record the percentage of capillary pore volume to the total soil volume, reflecting the soil's water retention and aeration capacity. pH value: A soil suspension was prepared at a water-to-soil ratio of 1:2.5 and measured using a precision pH meter with an accuracy controlled within ±0.01 to ensure accurate reflection of the soil's acid-base status. CEC (cation exchange capacity): The ammonium acetate exchange method was used to determine the total amount of exchangeable cations adsorbed by the soil to assess the soil's nutrient retention capacity. Each parameter was measured 3 times, and the average value was taken as the detection value for that sampling point in this cycle.

[0056] Please see Figure 2 As shown, it is a flowchart for determining whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified.

[0057] Specifically, in step S4, analyzing whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters includes:

[0058] Multiple samples were taken to obtain several capillary porosities, and the average capillary porosity was calculated.

[0059] If the average capillary porosity is greater than or equal to the preset average capillary porosity, the fertilizer preparation process is deemed qualified.

[0060] If the average capillary porosity is less than the preset average capillary porosity, the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified, and the reasons for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process are analyzed based on the variance of capillary porosity.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset average capillary porosity can be based on the waste group distribution ratio and dosage to construct a time-preset average capillary porosity curve. The current detection time node is substituted into the curve to obtain the preset average capillary porosity. However, the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can modify it according to the actual situation.

[0062] This invention obtains capillary porosity through multi-point sampling and calculates the average capillary porosity, which can effectively avoid the random errors of single-point sampling and reduce the interference of local anomalies on the overall judgment. The pass rate is judged based on the comparison between the average porosity and the preset value, which can more objectively reflect the overall physical properties of fertilizer. When the average capillary porosity does not meet the standard, the cause can be analyzed by variance analysis of capillary porosity. The variance can be used to reflect the dispersion of data and accurately locate the root cause of the problem.

[0063] Please see Figure 3 As shown, it is a flowchart for determining the reasons for substandard fertilizer preparation processes.

[0064] Specifically, the reasons for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process based on the variance analysis of capillary porosity include:

[0065] Determine the capillary porosity obtained from multiple sampling points.

[0066] Calculate the variance of capillary porosity.

[0067] If the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is carried out.

[0068] If the variance is less than the preset variance, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be that the amount of fertilizer used is unqualified, and the amount of fertilizer used is adjusted based on the capillary porosity.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset variance can be calculated by collecting capillary porosity detection data for three consecutive years under the same soil type and the same fertilization scheme, and the average variance of each period can be used as the preset variance. However, the above value is not limited to this and can be modified by those skilled in the art based on the actual situation.

[0070] Understandably, the variance of capillary porosity directly reflects the degree of difference in the water retention and aeration capacity of the soil at different locations within the orchard. A large variance indicates that the capillary porosity values ​​from multiple sampling points fluctuate drastically, reflecting significant spatial heterogeneity in the soil's physical structure. This heterogeneity is usually caused by inherent defects in the soil itself, such as local compaction, clay aggregation, or sand enrichment, and is unrelated to uniform fertilizer application. Even if the fertilizer application rate is consistent, differences in the soil's own physicochemical properties will lead to uneven porosity distribution. A small variance indicates that the capillary porosity values ​​at each location are concentrated (e.g., all between 25% and 28%), indicating that the soil's physical structure is generally uniform, but the overall value is lower than the preset value. This situation excludes spatial differences in the soil itself and is more likely due to insufficient fertilizer application or improper fertilizer ratio, resulting in poor overall effect. This is because the uniformity of fertilizer application will cause porosity to exhibit a synchronously low characteristic in space.

[0071] This invention, by comparing the variance with a preset variance, clearly categorizes the causes of non-compliance into two types: unqualified soil and unqualified fertilizer dosage. This avoids the ambiguity of traditional experience-based judgments. When the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, it directly points to inherent soil defects (such as local compaction, uneven particle composition, and other inherent problems), which are unrelated to the uniformity of fertilizer application. When the variance is less than the preset variance, it is clearly determined to be a problem with fertilizer dosage or ratio, as the overall porosity is low and the spatial distribution is uniform, reflecting that the fertilizer effect has not met expectations. For unqualified soil, irrigation treatment is used to directly address the inherent soil defects. For unqualified fertilizer dosage, the dosage is adjusted based on capillary porosity to achieve on-demand adjustment and precisely compensate for insufficient fertilizer effect.

[0072] Specifically, the method of adjusting fertilizer dosage based on capillary porosity includes:

[0073] The difference between the preset average capillary porosity and the average capillary porosity is calculated to obtain the capillary porosity difference. The amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity difference, wherein the increase in the amount of fertilizer is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, the increase in fertilizer dosage is the product of a first proportional coefficient and the capillary porosity difference. The first proportional coefficient can be determined by the following method: setting five different first proportional coefficients, measuring the improvement effect of fertilizer dosage on capillary porosity under the same soil type and the same porosity difference, and selecting the optimal coefficient range based on the standard that "the deviation between the adjusted porosity and the preset value is less than or equal to 2%"; collecting field test data for more than three years, establishing a ternary regression model of "first proportional coefficient - porosity difference - improvement effect", and obtaining the optimal solution of the coefficient under different scenarios by fitting with the least squares method; however, the above values ​​are not limited to these, and those skilled in the art can modify them according to the actual situation.

[0075] This invention directly correlates the increase in fertilizer application rate with the difference in capillary porosity, and clearly shows a positive correlation between the increase rate and the porosity difference. The larger the porosity difference (the greater the actual value is lower than the preset value), the greater the increase in fertilizer application rate, precisely compensating for the insufficient water retention and aeration capacity of the soil. The smaller the porosity difference, the less fertilizer is needed, avoiding resource waste or soil pollution caused by excessive fertilization. The first proportional coefficient was tested under the same conditions with 5 different coefficients, and the optimal range was selected with the adjusted deviation less than or equal to 2% to ensure the practical effectiveness of the coefficient. A ternary regression model of coefficient-porosity difference-improvement effect was established by combining more than 3 years of field data, and the least squares method was used to fit the optimal solution, so that the coefficient can be adapted to different scenarios.

[0076] Specifically, when the fertilizer dosage adjustment is completed, the fertilizer dosage is adjusted based on the cumulative usage time, where the reduction in fertilizer dosage is positively correlated with the cumulative usage time.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the reduction in fertilizer usage is the product of a second proportional coefficient and the cumulative usage time of the fertilizer. The cumulative usage time of the fertilizer is the time from the completion of the first fertilization operation to the time of the first adjustment of fertilizer usage. The second proportional coefficient can be determined by the following method: selecting plots of the same soil type, setting 5 different sets of second proportional coefficients, measuring the change in capillary porosity after dosage correction under the same cumulative usage time, and screening out the coefficient range in which "the increase in porosity after correction is stable and does not exceed a preset threshold"; collecting experimental data from 3 growing seasons, establishing a binary regression equation of "second proportional coefficient - cumulative time - porosity increase", and determining the optimal coefficient value under different scenarios through iterative calculation; however, the above values ​​are not limited to these, and those skilled in the art can modify them according to actual conditions.

[0078] This invention adjusts the dosage based on the cumulative usage time, and clearly shows that the reduction is positively correlated with the cumulative usage time. It fully considers the continuous effect of fertilizer in the soil. As the cumulative usage time increases, fertilizer components may gradually accumulate in the soil (such as nutrient residues and cumulative improvement effects). At this time, appropriately reducing the dosage can avoid soil structural imbalance caused by excessive accumulation (such as pore blockage and deterioration of physical and chemical properties). When the cumulative usage time is short, the reduction is small, ensuring the stability of the early improvement effect. This dynamic adjustment logic enables the fertilizer dosage to meet the needs of soil improvement and adapt to the cumulative effect of long-term application, achieving "reduction on demand" and improving the sustainability of fertilization.

[0079] Please see Figure 4 As shown, it is a flowchart of the determination process based on the secondary adjustment amount to determine the adjustment method.

[0080] Specifically, upon completion of fertilizer dosage adjustment, capillary porosity is continuously monitored. Based on the capillary porosity measured in the next monitoring cycle meeting the fertilizer dosage adjustment conditions, a secondary adjustment amount of fertilizer is determined, and the adjustment method is determined based on the secondary adjustment amount, including:

[0081] If the secondary adjustment amount of fertilizer is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is carried out.

[0082] If the amount of fertilizer used for secondary adjustment is less than the preset adjustment amount, then the amount of fertilizer used for secondary adjustment will be adjusted.

[0083] In this embodiment of the invention, the fertilizer dosage adjustment conditions are that the capillary porosity measured in the next testing cycle is less than the preset average capillary porosity and the variance of the capillary porosity measured in the next testing cycle is less than the preset variance. The preset adjustment amount can be determined by collecting secondary adjustment cases of the same soil type and the same fertilizer formula for more than 3 years, calculating the minimum value of the secondary adjustment amount when "judged as soil-related" in each adjustment, and using it as the preset adjustment amount; however, the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can modify it according to the actual situation.

[0084] This invention constructs a precise feedback mechanism by continuously monitoring capillary porosity and making secondary adjustments based on the data from the next cycle. When the porosity in the next cycle still does not meet the standard and the dosage adjustment conditions are met, the secondary adjustment amount is calculated to determine whether the strategy needs to be adjusted, avoiding the limitations of single adjustments. For improvement effects that do not meet expectations, the original adjustment method is not blindly repeated. Instead, the threshold of the secondary adjustment amount is used to determine whether to continue optimizing the dosage or switch to soil treatment, ensuring that each adjustment addresses the problem specifically. This closed-loop logic enables continuous tracking and optimization of soil improvement effects, reducing the need for one-time adjustments. The second adjustment may lead to a rebound in the effect or ineffective investment. By comparing the second adjustment amount with the preset adjustment amount, the problem type is further refined. When the second adjustment amount is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, the soil is judged to be unqualified, indicating that even if the fertilizer amount is continuously increased, it is difficult to improve the situation, and the core problem lies in the soil structure itself. When the second adjustment amount is less than the preset adjustment amount, the amount is adjusted again, indicating that the problem can still be solved by optimizing the fertilizer amount. This second distinction based on the adjustment amount threshold is more accurate than a single analysis, avoiding misjudging soil problems as fertilizer problems, or vice versa, and greatly improving the targeting of problem solving.

[0085] Specifically, when it is determined that the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is that the soil is unqualified and irrigation treatment is carried out, the irrigation amount is determined based on the capillary porosity difference at a single point, and the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

[0086] In this embodiment of the invention, the irrigation amount is the sum of the product of the basic irrigation amount, the third proportional coefficient, and the difference in capillary porosity. The basic irrigation amount can be determined by the following method: the field water holding capacity (denoted as θ, unit: %) of the target orchard soil is measured by the ring cutter method. The baseline value of the basic irrigation amount is calculated according to the following formula: Baseline value of basic irrigation amount = 0.6 × θ × Vsoil × 1000; where: 0.6 is an empirical coefficient, representing the lower limit of soil moisture content (i.e., 60% of field water holding capacity) to maintain normal water absorption by navel orange roots; Vsoil is the soil volume per unit area (0.6 × θ × Vsoil × 1000); -40cm depth, valued at 0.4m³ / m²); multiplying by 1000 converts the volume unit from m³ to L; for example, if the soil field water holding capacity θ = 30%, then the basic irrigation volume benchmark value = 0.6 × 30% × 0.4 × 1000 = 72L / m², that is, ensuring that the soil moisture content is not less than 60% of the field water holding capacity; the method for determining the third proportional coefficient is the same as the method for determining the first and second proportional coefficients, and will not be repeated here, but the above values ​​are not limited to these, and those skilled in the art can modify them according to the actual situation.

[0087] This invention determines the irrigation amount by measuring the capillary porosity difference at a single point. For points where the capillary porosity is significantly lower than the preset value, the irrigation amount is greater, which can effectively address local soil structure problems. For points with smaller differences, the irrigation amount is appropriately reduced to avoid excessive irrigation that leads to a decrease in soil permeability due to excessive moisture.

[0088] Specifically, once the irrigation amount is determined, the irrigation amount is increased based on the amount of fertilizer used, and the increase in irrigation amount is positively correlated with the amount of fertilizer used.

[0089] In this embodiment of the invention, the increase in irrigation amount is the product of the fourth proportional coefficient and the amount of fertilizer used. The method for determining the fourth proportional coefficient is the same as the method for determining the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient, and will not be repeated here. However, the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can modify it according to the actual situation.

[0090] This invention increases irrigation volume simultaneously with fertilizer application, promoting fertilizer dissolution, diffusion, and transformation in the soil, and avoiding local soil osmotic pressure imbalance caused by excessive fertilizer concentration. Simultaneous water replenishment enhances nutrient mobility in the soil, improves root absorption efficiency, and allows fertilizer to play a more significant role. This synergistic logic avoids imbalances caused by too much fertilizer or too little water, allowing fertilizer and water resources to work together to improve overall utilization efficiency.

[0091] Specifically, points with porosity lower than a preset porosity are marked, and the average distribution distance of the marked points is calculated. The irrigation amount for each marked point is adjusted according to the distribution distance, and the adjustment amount of the irrigation amount for each marked point is negatively correlated with the distribution distance.

[0092] In this embodiment of the invention, the correction amount of the irrigation amount at each marked point is -(fifth proportional coefficient × (1 / average distribution distance)) × 100%. The method for determining the fifth proportional coefficient is the same as the method for determining the first proportional coefficient and the second proportional coefficient, and will not be repeated here. However, the above value is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can modify it according to the actual situation.

[0093] Specifically, when the irrigation amount is corrected, the fertilizer preparation process is judged for the second time based on the capillary porosity of the soil. If the fertilizer preparation process is not qualified, the fertilizer ratio is judged to be unqualified, and a readjustment instruction is issued.

[0094] In this embodiment of the invention, the secondary determination of whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the capillary porosity of the soil includes determining that the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified if the average capillary porosity of the soil at the time of irrigation amount correction is less than the preset average capillary porosity.

[0095] This invention achieves precise spatial control by calculating the average distribution distance of marked points and adjusting the irrigation amount accordingly. When the marked points are densely distributed, it indicates that the soil problem area is concentrated. In this case, the irrigation amount is increased to strengthen the local improvement and avoid incomplete improvement caused by mutual interference in dense areas. When the marked points are sparsely distributed, the irrigation amount is appropriately reduced to avoid resource waste caused by over-irrigation in scattered areas. After the irrigation amount is adjusted, a secondary judgment is made by checking whether the average capillary porosity meets the standard. If it still does not meet the standard, it is directly judged that the fertilizer ratio is unqualified. This avoids misjudging fertilizer formula defects as soil or dosage problems. When the secondary judgment is that the ratio is unqualified, a readjustment instruction is issued, directly linking the field application effect with the fertilizer production process. This provides clear data basis for formula optimization, avoids resource waste and soil burden caused by the continuous application of unqualified fertilizers, improves fertilizer quality from the source, and reduces subsequent improvement costs.

[0096] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0097] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Mix the initial proportions of black charcoal, nitrogen fertilizer and conditioner in each group to obtain initial fertilizer samples, and seal and store them for later use. Step S2: Soil samples are taken from the target navel orange orchard. The initial soil samples are placed in sealed bags and the sampling location, depth and time are marked. The initial soil parameters of the initial soil samples are measured. Step S3: Apply initial fertilizer samples to the navel orange trees at the soil sampling points, and then cover with soil and water after fertilization; Step S4: Periodically detect soil parameters at soil sampling points, analyze whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters, and analyze the reasons for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process when it is determined that the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, and carry out irrigation treatment or adjust the amount of fertilizer based on the determined reasons. In step S4, analyzing whether the fertilizer preparation process is qualified based on the soil parameters includes: Multiple samples were taken to obtain several capillary porosities, and the average capillary porosity was calculated. If the average capillary porosity is greater than or equal to the preset average capillary porosity, the fertilizer preparation process is deemed qualified. If the average capillary porosity is less than the preset average capillary porosity, the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified, and the reasons for the unqualified fertilizer preparation process are analyzed based on the variance of capillary porosity. The reasons for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process based on the variance analysis of capillary porosity include: Determine the capillary porosity obtained from multiple sampling points. Calculate the variance of capillary porosity. If the variance is greater than or equal to the preset variance, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is carried out. If the variance is less than the preset variance, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be that the amount of fertilizer used is unqualified, and the amount of fertilizer used is adjusted based on the capillary porosity.

2. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of adjusting fertilizer dosage based on capillary porosity includes: The difference between the preset average capillary porosity and the average capillary porosity is calculated to obtain the capillary porosity difference. The amount of fertilizer is adjusted based on the capillary porosity difference, wherein the increase in the amount of fertilizer is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

3. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the fertilizer dosage adjustment is completed, the fertilizer dosage is adjusted based on the cumulative usage time of the fertilizer, wherein the reduction in fertilizer dosage is positively correlated with the cumulative usage time.

4. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 2, characterized in that, Upon completion of fertilizer dosage adjustment, capillary porosity is continuously monitored. Based on the capillary porosity measured in the next monitoring cycle meeting the fertilizer dosage adjustment conditions, a secondary fertilizer adjustment amount is determined, and the adjustment method is determined based on the secondary adjustment amount, including: If the secondary adjustment amount of fertilizer is greater than or equal to the preset adjustment amount, the reason for the failure of the fertilizer preparation process is determined to be unqualified soil, and irrigation treatment is carried out. If the amount of fertilizer used for secondary adjustment is less than the preset adjustment amount, then the amount of fertilizer used for secondary adjustment will be adjusted.

5. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 4, characterized in that, When determining that the reason for the failure of fertilizer preparation process is unqualified soil and irrigation treatment is carried out, the irrigation amount is determined based on the capillary porosity difference at a single point, and the irrigation amount is positively correlated with the capillary porosity difference.

6. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 5, characterized in that, Once the irrigation amount is determined, the irrigation amount is increased based on the amount of fertilizer used, and the increase in irrigation amount is positively correlated with the amount of fertilizer used.

7. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 6, characterized in that, Points with porosity lower than a preset porosity are marked, and the average distribution distance of the marked points is calculated. The irrigation amount of each marked point is adjusted according to the distribution distance. The adjustment amount of the irrigation amount of each marked point is negatively correlated with the distribution distance.

8. The method for preparing fertilizer for navel orange orchard soil according to claim 5, characterized in that, Once the irrigation amount correction is completed, the fertilizer preparation process is judged a second time based on the soil capillary porosity to determine whether it is qualified. If the fertilizer preparation process is unqualified, the fertilizer ratio is determined to be unqualified, and a readjustment instruction is issued.

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