Universal type aeration cultivation device for mushrooms and vegetables and use method of universal type aeration cultivation device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture and edible mushroom production, in particular to a universal type aeration cultivation device for mushrooms and vegetables and a using method of the universal type aeration cultivation device. Comprising a plurality of aeration cultivation boxes which are jointly connected with a ventilation system, a drainage system and a control system. The aeration cultivation box comprises a box body, and a draining layer, a filling layer and a plastic mesh are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the box body from bottom to top; a water outlet is formed in the side wall of the box body positioned at the lower part of the draining layer; according to the cultivation box, different-position feeding, sterilization, inoculation or field planting, cleaning and other operations can be conveniently achieved, and the production efficiency can be improved; the environment in the substrate material is regulated and controlled through the matched cultivation box and the ventilation system, the ventilation and temperature and humidity environment in the material is increased, growth of crop root systems or mycelia is promoted, and the yield and the conversion utilization rate are increased; a standardized cultivation box is designed and implemented, the air temperature and humidity and O2 / CO2 are regulated and controlled from an aeration source, and therefore overall management is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soilless culture and edible mushroom production, in particular to a general aerated cultivation device for mushroom and vegetable and a using method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Substrate cultivation is one of the main forms of facility vegetable production, which has the advantages of saving water and fertilizer, high quality and efficiency, overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping, etc. Substrate cultivation mainly uses grass charcoal, coconut husk, organic materials, and inorganic materials such as vermiculite, perlite, and sand as support materials for crop roots, and uses water and fertilizer integrated micro-irrigation facilities and equipment to supply nutrients, thereby realizing the production of horticultural crops. Substrate cultivation generally uses trench type and bed type to cultivate horticultural crops. In production, there are often problems of large amount of substrate used, excessive supply of water and fertilizer, which leads to insufficient aeration in the lower part of the substrate, affecting the health of crop roots and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. In addition, the existing substrate cultivation generally uses manual or mechanical material distribution in prefabricated slots, which has the problems of high labor input and low efficiency of factory operation. In addition, the substrate slot type cultivation on the ground is greatly affected by air temperature, and the root growth and physiological activity are affected during the low temperature period, thereby affecting crop growth, yield and quality.

[0003] Edible mushroom shelf cultivation is the main research direction of high-benefit mushroom species such as Stropharia rugosoannulata and Morchella, which can effectively increase the yield of edible mushrooms per unit land area and increase the income. At present, there are problems such as low efficiency of assembly line operation, high labor input for material distribution, uneven distribution of oxygen and humidity inside the material, etc. In addition, the temperature in the box is greatly affected by the environment and fluctuates greatly during the low temperature period in the production of light and simple facilities such as greenhouse, which is not conducive to the precise control of edible mushroom production. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a general aerated cultivation device for mushroom and vegetable.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a general aerated cultivation device for mushroom and vegetable, comprising a plurality of aerated cultivation boxes, a plurality of said aerated cultivation boxes being connected with a ventilation system, a drainage system and a control system; The aerated cultivation box comprises a box body, and a drainage layer, a filling layer and a plastic mesh are sequentially arranged from bottom to top at the bottom of the box body; a drainage port is arranged at the side wall of the box body below the drainage layer; The aeration system comprises an aeration main pipe, a plurality of aeration branch pipes communicated with the aeration main pipe, an aeration pipe valve connected between the aeration main pipe and each aeration branch pipe, and the aeration branch pipe corresponds to an aeration cultivation box, the aeration branch pipe is partially inserted into the box body, the aeration branch pipe comprises a plurality of branch ends, and an aeration pipe inserted into the filling layer is connected at each branch end, one end of the aeration main pipe is closed, and an aeration head, an aeration pump and a check valve are sequentially installed on the pipeline from the other end to the inside. The drainage system comprises a drainage main pipe communicated with a plurality of drainage openings, and a drainage pipe valve connected between the drainage main pipe and each drainage opening, one end of the drainage main pipe is closed, and a backwater collection pool is connected to the other end. The control system comprises a PLC controller and a substrate material sensor installed in the filling layer, the PLC controller is electrically connected with each aeration pipe valve, each drainage pipe valve, the aeration pump, the aeration head and the substrate material sensor, so as to obtain the temperature and humidity or oxygen concentration information of the substrate material sensor, control the operation of the aeration head, control the opening and closing of the aeration pipe valve and the drainage pipe valve, and control the operation of the aeration pump.

[0006] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the present application, the aeration head comprises an aeration head box, the left side wall of the aeration head box is communicated with the aeration main pipe, the right side wall is provided with a head air inlet, a radiator, a sterilizer and a temperature and humidity sensor are installed in the aeration head box, the radiator is connected with a heating or refrigeration device outside the aeration head box through a heat conduction pipeline, and the heating or refrigeration device, the sterilizer and the temperature and humidity sensor are respectively electrically connected with the PLC controller.

[0007] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the present application, the heating or refrigeration device is selected from an air source heat pump, solar energy or a refrigeration machine, the radiator is a radiator coil, and the sterilizer is an ultraviolet sterilizer or an odor generator; the head air inlet is further provided with filter cotton or a filter screen.

[0008] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the present application, the drainage layer is a drainage mesh mat, and the number of aeration pipes located in the filling layer is 2-3.

[0009] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the present application, the aeration branch pipe is connected with the aeration pipe through a quick connector or heat melting or glue bonding, and the aeration branch pipe is connected with the aeration main pipe through a quick connector.

[0010] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the present application, the check valve is a one-way valve, and the aeration pump is a Roots blower.

[0011] The application also provides a use method of the universal mushroom and vegetable aeration cultivation device in edible mushroom cultivation, comprising the following steps: in a loading workshop, loading the treated substrate material into the aeration cultivation box, first transferring to a pretreatment workshop by a mobile device for humidification treatment, then transferring to a customization workshop for seedling planting, transferring to a cultivation shed after planting, arranging the box according to the plan, then connecting the box with the aeration pipeline and the drainage pipeline, arranging the watering facilities, and performing cultivation management.

[0012] The application also provides a use method of the universal mushroom and vegetable aeration cultivation device in edible mushroom cultivation, comprising the following steps: in a loading workshop, loading the treated substrate material into the aeration cultivation box, first transferring to a pretreatment workshop by a mobile device for humidification treatment, then transferring to a customization workshop for seedling planting, transferring to a cultivation shed after planting, arranging the box according to the plan, then connecting the box with the aeration pipeline and the drainage pipeline, arranging the watering facilities, and performing cultivation management.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The cultivation box of the application is convenient for realizing ectopic loading, sterilization, inoculation or planting, cleaning and other operations, and is conducive to improving production efficiency.

[0014] (2) The application regulates the environment in the substrate material by matching the cultivation box with the ventilation system, increases the ventilation and temperature and humidity environment in the material, and is conducive to promoting the growth of crop roots or mycelium and improving yield and conversion efficiency.

[0015] (3) The application designs a standardized cultivation box, which is connected with the aeration pipeline in a standardized quick connection mode, and regulates air temperature and humidity, O2 / CO2 from the aeration source, thereby being conducive to overall management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the aeration cultivation box.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a top view of the aeration cultivation box.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a top view of the overall structure of the universal mushroom and vegetable aeration cultivation device.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a structure diagram of the aeration head.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a device operation control logic system diagram.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a factory implementation layout flowchart of the device.

[0022] The marks in the figure are as follows: 101- box, 102- aeration pipe, 103- filling layer, 104- plastic mesh, 105- drain outlet, 106- drainage layer, 107- aeration branch, 201- aeration main pipe, 202- aeration pipe valve, 203- drainage main pipe, 204- drainage pipe valve, 205- return water collection tank, 206- aeration head, 207- substrate material sensor, 208- aeration pump, 209- check valve, 210- PLC controller, 301- aeration head box, 302- heating or cooling equipment, 303- heat transfer pipe, 304- radiator, 305- disinfector, 306- temperature and humidity sensor, 307- head air inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0024] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the aerated cultivation box includes a box body 101, which is made of corrosion-resistant plastic or fiberglass, which is resistant to temperatures up to 110°C. The bottom of the box body 101 is arranged, from bottom to top, with a drainage layer 106, a filling layer 103, and a plastic mesh 104. The plastic mesh 104 reduces the downward migration of impurities in the substrate. A drainage port 105 is provided on the side wall of the box body 101 below the drainage layer 106. The filling layer 103 is made of a permeable and breathable material, such as a plastic gasket or a plastic bracket. The box body 1 is a single piece and can be used multiple times without reassembly.

[0025] The ventilation system includes an aeration main pipe 201. The diameter of the aeration main pipe 201 is selected according to the number of boxes 1. Whether to increase the pipe insulation treatment is determined according to whether heating is required. The aeration main pipe 201 is connected to multiple aeration branches 107. An aeration pipe valve 202 is connected between the aeration main pipe 201 and each aeration branch 107. The aeration branch 107 corresponds to the aeration cultivation box one by one. The aeration branch 107 partially extends into the box 101. The aeration branch 107 includes multiple branch ends, and the end of each branch is connected to an aeration pipe 102 extending into the filling layer 103. The aeration pipe 102 can be an open-hole PVC or PE hard pipe, or a soft pipe (such as a drip irrigation pipe). One end of the aeration main pipe 201 is closed, and the other end is sequentially installed on the pipe from the end to the inside. An aeration header 206, an aeration pump 208, and a check valve 209; The drainage system includes a drainage main pipe 203, which is connected to multiple drainage outlets 105. A drainage pipe valve 204 is connected between the drainage main pipe 203 and the drainage outlets 105. One end of the drainage main pipe 203 is closed, and the other end is connected to a return water collection tank 205. The drainage main pipe 203 is made of PVCPE material and is connected to the drainage outlet 105 of the box 101 using a tee or elbow.

[0026] The control system comprises a PLC controller 210 and a substrate material sensor 207 installed inside the filling layer 103, the PLC controller 210 is electrically connected with each aeration pipe valve 202, each drain pipe valve 204, the aeration pump 208, the aeration head 206 and the substrate material sensor 207 respectively, so as to obtain the temperature and humidity or oxygen concentration information of the substrate material sensor 207 and control the operation of the aeration head 206; control the opening and closing of the aeration pipe valve 202 and the drain pipe valve 204, and control the operation of the aeration pump 208.

[0027] Further, as shown in the figure, Figure 4 The aeration head 206 comprises an aeration head box 301, the left side wall of the aeration head box 301 is communicated with the aeration main pipe 201, and the right side wall is provided with a head air inlet 307, the inside of the aeration head box 301 is installed with a radiator 304, a sterilizer 305 and a temperature and humidity sensor 306, the radiator 304 is connected with a heating or refrigeration equipment 302 located outside the aeration head box 301 through a heat conducting pipe 303; the heating or refrigeration equipment 302, the sterilizer 305 and the temperature and humidity sensor 306 are electrically connected with the PLC controller 210 respectively.

[0028] The heating or refrigeration equipment 302 is selected from air source heat pump, solar energy or refrigeration machine, the radiator 304 is a radiator coil, and the sterilizer 305 is an ultraviolet sterilizer or an odor generator, so as to realize the cleaning of the box; the head air inlet 307 is also provided with filter cotton or filter screen to reduce the entry of dust.

[0029] Further, the drain layer 106 is a drain mesh pad, and the number of aeration pipes 102 inside the filling layer 103 is 2-3.

[0030] Further, the aeration branch 107 is connected with the aeration pipe 102 through quick connectors or hot melting or glue bonding, and the aeration branch 107 is connected with the aeration main pipe 201 through a quick connector.

[0031] Further, the check valve 209 is a one-way valve, and the aeration pump 208 is a Roots blower. Example 1

[0032] The preferred embodiment of the cultivation box is a plastic turnover box with the size of 640mmx430mmx360mm (inner diameter 575mmx390mmx350mm), a bottom filter plate with the size matching the box and the height of 25mm is placed at the bottom of the box, the aeration pipes 102 are laid on the bottom filter plate in parallel with the box 1 and at equal intervals, 3 aeration hoses with the diameter of 16mm are used, the aeration hoses are connected to the PVC branch pipes (aeration branch 107) with the diameter of 20mm in the box 1 by using quick-connection bypass joints; a hole is opened on the box 1 to connect the aeration branch pipes to the outside of the box, and a sealing gasket is used to seal the hole to prevent air and water leakage. A 25mm-thick geotextile mat is laid on the aeration pipes, and square grooves with the side length of 20mm are opened on the geotextile mat at the positions of the aeration pipes and branch pipes, so that the aeration pipes are completely embedded in the geotextile mat to prevent the aeration pipes from being squeezed by materials and substances. A layer of water-permeable non-woven fabric and a 60-mesh gauze are laid on the geotextile mat. The upper part is used to load substrate materials, etc. A drainage hole with the diameter of 20mm is opened on the lower part of the side of the box, and a quick-connection joint is used to connect the hole after adding a rubber ring.

[0033] Outside the box, the aeration branch pipes are connected to the aeration main pipe with the diameter of 32mm by using quick-connection joints, which facilitates disassembly and assembly, and an aeration pipe valve 202 is installed between the branch and the main pipe, which is an electromagnetic ball valve (Changzhou Regal, diameter 20mm; a manual ball valve can also be used instead). The aeration head 206 is connected to the air inlet of a high-pressure vortex fan (Tianfang Electromechanical Co., Ltd., XGB-120W / 220V, 23m³ / h, wind pressure 5KPa), and the air outlet is connected to the aeration main pipe 201. The fan drives the air in the box to enter the box 1 body through the check valve 209, the main pipe, the branch pipe, and the aeration pipe, which is used for aeration of the substrate materials.

[0034] The aeration head 206 is made of stainless steel pipe and a 1mm-thick stainless steel plate, with the size of 50cmx50cmx50cm, and a 30mm-thick rock wool insulation layer is added and wrapped with white iron sheet. The air inlet of the box uses an activated carbon automobile air conditioning filter element (25cmx35cmx5cm) to filter outdoor air, and a UV sterilization lamp (Xueliet, 10W) is placed in the box. A copper pipe radiator (Kewei, FNA-0.39 / 11.3, 265mmx210mmx45mm) is installed in the box.

[0035] The drainage port 105 is connected to the drainage main pipe 203, and an electromagnetic ball valve (Changzhou Regal, diameter 20mm; a manual ball valve can also be used instead) is installed between the drainage port 105 and the main pipe.

[0036] After the substrate materials are added to the cultivation box, a temperature and humidity sensor (Xingyi CSF11 temperature and humidity transmitter, SO-210 soil oxygen sensor) is installed and connected to the control system.

[0037] The control system comprises a PLC (Kunlun Tong state S7-200 smart), a relay module, a frequency converter, a power supply module and the like. Example 2

[0038] The use method of the mushroom-vegetable universal aeration cultivation device of example 1 in the cultivation of megacollybia bulliardii includes the following steps: S1, filling of the cultivation box: in the loading workshop, the mixed and fermented material is filled into the cultivation box with a thickness of 25 cm and is appropriately pressed.

[0039] S2, sterilization treatment: the filled cultivation box is transferred to a high-temperature steam sterilization workshop in batches, and is sterilized at 105 DEG C for 10 hours.

[0040] S3, inoculation: after natural cooling to 70 DEG C, the cultivation box is transferred to an inoculation room for inoculation; when the temperature of the material drops to below 30 DEG C, inoculation is started, the inoculation depth is 3-5 cm, and the inoculation amount is 0.4-0.5 kg / m2; after inoculation is completed, the cultivation box is transferred to a culture room for culture.

[0041] S4, system installation: in the culture room, the cultivation boxes are arranged in sequence, the drainage pipeline and the aeration pipeline are connected, and then the sensors are inserted into the substrate material with an insertion depth of 20 cm. The culture room is a 20 m span heat preservation greenhouse.

[0042] S5, mycelium culture: the air environment temperature is set to 20-23 DEG C, the humidity is set to 65%-70% (the air humidity is controlled by atomizing and spraying equipment), the substrate material humidity is 60-65%; the aeration time is set to 2 min / 3 h (aeration for 2 min every 3 hours, and the aeration amount of each cultivation box is controlled to be 15-20 L / min); the culture time is 50 days.

[0043] S6, fruiting culture: when the mycelium grows on the material, the substrate humidity is controlled to be 85%, about 2 cm thick screened and treated rice husk mixed soil is covered, the mixed soil humidity is 20% (the mixed soil can be formed into a ball when it is tightly held by hand, and is dispersed after falling to the ground); the room temperature is controlled to be 18-20 DEG C, and the humidity is 80%-85%; the culture time is 45 days. After the mycelium is formed, the substrate humidity is greater than or equal to 65%, and appropriate aeration is performed (the single aeration time is less than or equal to 1.5 min, and the aeration amount of each cultivation box is controlled to be 15-20 L / min).

[0044] S7, harvesting: according to the fruiting condition, the fruiting mushrooms are harvested in real time. Example 3

[0045] The use method of the mushroom-vegetable universal aeration cultivation system of example 1 in the substrate cultivation of tomatoes includes the following steps: S1, substrate material loading: in the loading workshop, the treated substrate material is loaded into the cultivation box, and is appropriately pressed to ensure that the loading thickness is about 25 cm.

[0046] S2, system installation: the loaded material cultivation box is transferred to the cultivation shed, the cultivation boxes are arranged in sequence, the drainage pipeline and the aeration pipeline are connected, the drip irrigation system is installed, then the sensor is inserted into the substrate material with an insertion depth of 15 cm.

[0047] S3, environmental management: the cultivation shed is a span of 12 m sunlight greenhouse, the air environment temperature is controlled, the night temperature is 12-18℃, the daytime temperature is 22-28℃, the substrate material humidity is 50%-75%. The aeration time is set to 2 min / 2h, or when the substrate humidity is ≥75%, the aeration is 2 min, to ensure the oxygen concentration of the tomato root zone.

[0048] S4, water and fertilizer and agronomic management: according to the production standard, the water and fertilizer supply and the agronomic management are completed.

Claims

1. A universal aeration cultivation device for fungi and vegetables, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of aeration cultivation boxes, and the plurality of aeration cultivation boxes are connected to a ventilation system, a drainage system and a control system; The aerated cultivation box comprises a box body (101), the bottom of the box body (101) being provided with a drainage layer (106), a filling layer (103) and a plastic mesh (104) in order from bottom to top; a drainage outlet (105) is provided on the side wall of the box body (101) below the drainage layer (106); The ventilation system includes an aeration main pipe (201), the aeration main pipe (201) is connected to a plurality of aeration branches (107), an aeration pipe valve (202) is connected between the aeration main pipe (201) and each aeration branch (107), the aeration branch (107) corresponds to the aeration cultivation box one by one, the aeration branch (107) partially extends into the box body (101), the aeration branch (107) includes a plurality of branch ends, and the end of each branch is connected to an aeration pipe (102) extending into the interior of the filling layer (103), one end of the aeration main pipe (201) is closed, and the other end is sequentially installed on the pipeline from the end to the inside; The drainage system comprises a drainage main pipe (203), the drainage main pipe (203) being in communication with a plurality of drainage outlets (105), a drainage pipe valve (204) being connected between the drainage main pipe (203) and the drainage outlets (105), one end of the drainage main pipe (203) being closed, and the other end being connected to a return water collection tank (205); The control system includes a PLC controller (210) and a matrix material sensor (207) installed inside the filling layer (103). The PLC controller (210) is electrically connected to each aeration pipe valve (202), each drainage pipe valve (204), an aeration pump (208), an aeration header (206), and the matrix material sensor (207), thereby obtaining temperature, humidity, or oxygen concentration information from the matrix material sensor (207), controlling the operation of the aeration header (206), controlling the opening and closing of the aeration pipe valve (202) and the drainage pipe valve (204), and controlling the operation of the aeration pump (208).

2. A universal aeration cultivation device for fungi and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration header (206) includes an aeration header box (301), the left side wall of the aeration header box (301) is connected to the aeration main pipe (201), and the right side wall is provided with a header air inlet (307). A radiator (304), a sterilizer (305), and a temperature and humidity sensor (306) are installed inside the aeration header box (301). The radiator (304) is connected to a heating or cooling device (302) located outside the aeration header box (301) via a heat conduction pipe (303); the heating or cooling device (302), the sterilizer (305), and the temperature and humidity sensor (306) are all electrically connected to a PLC controller (210).

3. A universal aeration cultivation device for fungi and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating or cooling device (302) is an air source heat pump, solar energy or a refrigerator, the radiator (304) is a heat dissipation coil, and the sterilizer (305) is an ultraviolet sterilizer or an odor generator; the head air inlet (307) is also provided with filter cotton or a filter net.

4. A universal aeration cultivation device for fungi and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage layer (106) is a drainage mesh pad, and the number of aeration pipes (102) located inside the filling layer (103) is 2-3.

5. The universal aeration cultivation device for fungi and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration branch (107) is connected to the aeration pipe (102) via a quick connector, hot melt, or adhesive bonding, and the aeration branch (107) is connected to the aeration main pipe (201) via a quick connector.

6. The universal aeration cultivation device for fungi and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The check valve (209) is a one-way valve, and the aeration pump (208) is a Roots blower.

7. The method for using the universal aeration cultivation device for mushrooms and vegetables in edible mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: In the loading workshop, the prepared substrate materials are loaded into the aeration cultivation boxes, then transferred to the sterilization workshop for disinfection, then transferred to the inoculation room for inoculation, and finally transferred to the culture room. After the aeration pipes and drainage pipes are connected, mushroom fruiting management is carried out.

8. The method for using the universal aeration cultivation device for mushrooms and vegetables in edible mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: In the loading workshop, the treated substrate material is loaded into the aerated cultivation box, first transferred to the pretreatment workshop for humidification treatment by mobile equipment, and then transferred to the customized workshop for seedling planting. After planting, it is transferred to the cultivation shed, and the boxes are arranged according to the plan. Then the boxes are connected to the aeration pipes and drainage pipes, and the watering facilities are arranged for cultivation management.

Images