Method for improving quality and efficiency of black fungus

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving quality and efficiency of black fungus. Specifically, the invention provides a quality and efficiency improving method for black fungus, and the method comprises the following technical measures: a step of puncturing, a step of putting the black fungus down to the ground and a step of arranging fields, namely a step of first-time cultivation, a step of second-time thinning and a step of third-time cylinder drying. And the technical measures of preventing, watching and dragging in the ear growing management link are taken. According to the method, the problems that the black fungus cultivation pollution rate is high, the black fungus is prone to flowing, and the quality is poor can be solved, the yield of the black fungus is increased, and the excellent quality-improving and efficiency-improving effects on the black fungus are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of food, and in particular to a method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus. Background Art

[0002] Black fungus is one of the main traditionally cultivated fungi in my country and a major edible mushroom variety. It is cultivated in an open-air rice-ear rotation system, which not only maximizes the use of fallow winter fields but also provides farmers with a new source of income.

[0003] Although there are many existing methods for cultivating black fungus, these methods still have many shortcomings, such as high contamination rates, frequent fungus flow, low yields, poor quality, and instability, which have always restricted the development of black fungus production. Therefore, how to improve the quality and efficiency of black fungus is of great significance in increasing its market value and promoting agricultural efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus, the method comprising:

[0007] (1) The technical measures of “one raising, two thinning, three drying” in the process of puncturing and laying out the field;

[0008] (1.1) Proper cultivation of fungi after puncturing: When the black fungus mycelium fills the bag, the fungus is piled up in a "well" shape after the ear tube is punctured until the mycelium around the hole becomes fluffy, and then moved out to the field;

[0009] (1.2) Go to the ground to arrange the earphones;

[0010] (1.3) Double-sided drying: When the earbuds are laid out in the field, they should be placed crosswise with the inoculated ports facing outwards. After being exposed to sunlight until the mycelium on the surface of the earbuds turns white, the earbuds should be turned over with the inoculated ports facing inwards. After being exposed to sunlight until the mycelium on the surface of the earbuds turns white, water should be sprayed on the flipped side to promote ear growth.

[0011] (2) Technical measures for ear protrusion management: "Prevent, observe, and pull"

[0012] (2.1) “Prevention”: Cover the black fungus bed with black and white film, with the black side facing down and the white side facing up, to create a suitable environment and sanitary conditions for the growth and development of black fungus, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and fungus flow, and improve yield and quality;

[0013] (2.2) “Observation”: During the period of black fungus emergence, water spraying is the main management method, following the principle of “dry-dry, wet-wet”;

[0014] (2.3) "pull": the method of "pull" to harvest the ear, pull out the ear root, as follows:

[0015] When the ear reaches eight or nine mature, pinch the lower part of the ear with your fingers, pull it up with force, and pull out the ear with the ear root, get edible black fungus.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2.1), holes are punched on the black and white film.

[0017] Preferably, the number of holes is 5-15, preferably 6-10, more preferably 7-9, and most preferably 8;

[0018] Preferably, the diameter of the hole is 0.3-2cm, preferably 0.5-1.5cm, more preferably 0.8-1.2cm, and most preferably 1cm;

[0019] Preferably, in step (2.1), 8 holes with a diameter of 1cm are punched per square meter of black and white film.

[0020] Preferably, step (2.1) comprises:

[0021] (2.1) "prevent": black and white film covers the ear bed, black side down, white side up, 8 holes with a diameter of 1cm per square meter, to create suitable environment and sanitary conditions for the growth and development of black fungus, reduce disease and pest occurrence and ear flow, and improve yield and quality.

[0022] It should be understood that within the scope of the present application, the above-mentioned technical features of the present application and the technical features specifically described in the following (such as examples) can be combined with each other to form new or preferred technical solutions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application develops a quality improvement and efficiency enhancement method for black fungus, which comprises the steps of hole punching, ground laying and field arrangement, and technical measures of "one cultivation, two thinning, and three sunning cylinders"; and the steps of ear management, and technical measures of "prevention, observation, and pulling". The method of the present application can improve the problems of high pollution rate, easy ear flow, and poor quality in black fungus cultivation, and improve the yield of black fungus, and has excellent quality improvement and efficiency enhancement effect on black fungus.

[0024] TERMS

[0025] As used herein, the terms "including", "containing", and "having" are interchangeable, and include not only open definitions, but also semi-closed and closed definitions, and the terms include "consisting of", "consisting essentially of".

[0026] Quality improvement and efficiency enhancement method for black fungus

[0027] The present invention provides a method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus, the method comprising:

[0028] (1) The technical measures of “one raising, two thinning, three drying” in the process of puncturing and laying out the field;

[0029] (1.1) Proper cultivation of fungi after puncturing: When the black fungus mycelium fills the bag, the fungus is piled up in a "well" shape after the ear tube is punctured until the mycelium around the hole becomes fluffy, and then moved out to the field;

[0030] (1.2) Go to the ground to arrange the earphones;

[0031] (1.3) Double-sided drying: When the earbuds are laid out in the field, they should be placed crosswise with the inoculated ports facing outwards. After being exposed to sunlight until the mycelium on the surface of the earbuds turns white, the earbuds should be turned over with the inoculated ports facing inwards. After being exposed to sunlight until the mycelium on the surface of the earbuds turns white, water should be sprayed on the flipped side to promote ear growth.

[0032] (2) Technical measures for ear protrusion management: "Prevent, observe, and pull"

[0033] (2.1) “Prevention”: Cover the black fungus bed with black and white film, with the black side facing down and the white side facing up, to create a suitable environment and sanitary conditions for the growth and development of black fungus, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and fungus flow, and improve yield and quality;

[0034] (2.2) “Observation”: During the period of black fungus emergence, water spraying is the main management method, following the principle of “dry-dry, wet-wet”;

[0035] (2.3) Pulling: Pulling is used to harvest the ear pieces and remove the ear roots. The details are as follows:

[0036] When the fungus is about 80% to 90% mature, pinch the lower part of the fungus with your fingers, pull it upward with force, and pull out the fungus along with the base to obtain edible black fungus.

[0037] The main technical effects achieved by the present invention include:

[0038] The present invention provides a method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus. The method can improve the problems of high pollution rate, easy fungus flow, poor quality, etc. in the cultivation of black fungus, increase the yield of black fungus, and have excellent effects of improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus, thereby playing an important role in promoting agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment 1 provides a method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus, the method comprising:

[0041] (1) Technical measures for the stages of puncturing and laying out the fields: "One raising, two thinning, three drying":

[0042] (1.1) After puncturing, cultivate the fungus appropriately: When the black fungus mycelium fills the bag, pile the fungus in a "well" shape after puncturing the ear tube and cultivate the fungus until the mycelium around the hole becomes fuzzy, then move it outdoors and cultivate it in the field.

[0043] Advantages of this step (1.1):

[0044] The black fungus mycelium fills the bag. After puncturing, the mycelium on the surface of the bag and the mycelium in the hole are damaged, resulting in a decrease in its ability to resist infection by miscellaneous bacteria. If the bag is directly placed in the open air after puncturing, it is easy to cause infection by miscellaneous bacteria in rainy days. On sunny days, the bag material surface and the puncture site will lose water due to exposure to sunlight, which can easily cause the material to separate from the bag film, reduce the vitality of the mycelium, and slowly recover the mycelium in the hole, affecting the kinking of the mycelium in the hole and the formation of the ear base, and easily causing large-scale infection by miscellaneous bacteria. However, moderate cultivation of bacteria after puncturing in this step (1.1) can enhance the vitality and resistance of the ear tube mycelium, and effectively prevent the occurrence of secondary pollution in the ear tube after spraying water on the ground.

[0045] (1.2) Place the earphones in a safe place when going underground.

[0046] Advantages of this step (1.2):

[0047] If the ear tubes are placed too closely together on the ear bed, on the one hand, it will affect the light and ventilation of the lower part of the ear tubes. The humidity at the bottom of the ear bed is relatively high, which will affect the growth, color and health of the ear pieces in the lower part to varying degrees. At the same time, it is easy to breed pests and diseases. On the other hand, it will affect the operation of harvesting the ear pieces. The ears are too close together and the operating space is small. When extracting the ear tubes, it is easy to hit the inclined iron wire, causing the ear pieces to be scratched by the iron wire. However, in this step (1.2), the ear tubes are placed in the field to provide a more suitable growth environment for the ear pieces, which is conducive to improving the yield and quality.

[0048] (1.3) Double-sided drying: When the earrings are laid out in the field, the inoculation ports of the earrings should face outwards and be placed crosswise. After being exposed to light until the mycelium on the surface of the earrings turns white, the earrings should be turned over with the inoculation ports facing inwards. After being exposed to light on the turned side until the mycelium on the surface of the earrings turns white, water should be sprayed on the earrings to promote growth.

[0049] Advantages of this step (1.3):

[0050] Black fungus (Auricularia auricula) thrives on light, which promotes the growth of its mycelium. The piercing machine squeezes the tubes, severely damaging the mycelium on their surface. Despite a period of growth, the mycelial vitality inside and on the surface of the tubes has not yet fully recovered. The double-sided sun drying of the tubes in step (1.3) not only promotes the recovery and enhancement of mycelial vitality, but also promotes the maturation of mycelium, resulting in a whiter and firmer tube. It also induces the formation of ear bases, ensuring uniform light exposure across the ear holes, which facilitates early and uniform ear emergence, facilitating ear management and harvesting.

[0051] (2) Technical measures for ear protrusion management: "Prevent, observe, and pull"

[0052] (2.1) “Prevention”: Cover the surface of the ear bed with black and white film, with the black side facing down (to prevent the growth of weeds and the splashing of mud and sand), and the white side facing up (to increase the light intensity in the lower part of the ear tube through the reflective effect of the white surface). Drill 8 small holes with a diameter of 1 cm per square meter (to prevent water accumulation in the ear bed) to create a suitable environment and sanitary conditions for the growth and development of black fungus, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests and ear flow, and improve yield and quality.

[0053] Advantages of this step (2.1):

[0054] Black fungus adopts the open-air ear-growing management mode, and does not use any herbicides and pesticides during the entire ear-growing period. To a certain extent, it "relies on the weather for a living". The southern region has a lot of rain and insufficient sunlight, and the soil quality of the ear-growing site is mostly sandy soil. The ear bed is overgrown with weeds, and the lower part of the ear tube is not bright. When it rains, mud and sand splash and water accumulates on the ear bed, which seriously affects the normal growth of the ear piece. At the same time, it is easy to breed diseases and insect pests, cause ear flow, and reduce quality. In the past, the ear bed was covered with straw, sunshade nets, non-woven fabrics or black film, but none of them could solve the problem of "prevention". However, this step (2.1) can prevent weeds from growing and mud and sand from splashing, increase the light intensity of the lower part of the ear tube, create a suitable environment and sanitary and clean conditions for the growth and development of black fungus, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and ear flow, and improve yield and quality.

[0055] (2.2) “Observation”: During the period when black fungus is coming out of the ears, it is mainly managed by spraying water, following the “dry-dry, wet-wet” principle.

[0056] (2.3) Pulling: Pulling is used to harvest the ear pieces and remove the ear roots. The details are as follows:

[0057] When the fungus is about 80% to 90% mature, pinch the lower part of the fungus with your fingers, pull it upward with force, and pull out the fungus together with the base to obtain edible black fungus.

[0058] Advantages of this step (2.3):

[0059] The ear roots remaining in the ear canal make it difficult for the ear canal to grow ear pieces again, affecting the yield. The remaining ear roots will gradually rot. In hot and humid weather, they will be infected by miscellaneous bacteria and produce runny ear sacs, which become a lesion for runny ear. Therefore, the ear roots left in the fungus bags must be removed promptly during harvesting. In the past, the ear pieces were harvested by picking, which easily left the ear roots in the ear canal. Removing the ear roots is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and difficult to remove completely. However, this step (2.3) uses the "pulling" method to uproot and harvest the ear pieces.

[0060] The economic and social benefits of the method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus in Example 1 are as follows:

[0061] Compared with conventional cultivation management, the pollution rate and flow rate of Auricularia auricula-judae of the quality improvement and yield increasing method of the present embodiment 1 are respectively reduced by 11.2% and 11%, the high-quality rate is increased by 10.7%, and the yield per bag is increased by 15.2 g / bag (dry ear). In three years of demonstration cultivation of 160,000 bags, the net income is increased by 320,000 yuan, and the social and economic benefits are remarkable, which plays a positive role in the high-quality development of edible fungi and the prosperity of the industry.

[0062] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art based on the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of black fungus, characterized in that: The method includes: (1) The technical measures of "one raising, two thinning, three drying" in the process of puncturing and laying out the fields; (1.1) After puncturing, cultivate the fungus appropriately: When the black fungus mycelium fills the bag, the fungus is piled up in a "well" shape after the hole is punctured and cultured until the mycelium around the hole becomes fluffy, then it is moved out and laid out in the field; (1.2) Go to the ground to arrange the earphones; (1.3) Double-sided drying: When the earbuds are laid out in the field, they should be placed crosswise with the inoculated ports facing outwards. After being exposed to sunlight until the mycelium on the surface of the earbuds turns white, the earbuds should be turned over with the inoculated ports facing inwards. After being exposed to sunlight until the mycelium on the surface of the earbuds turns white, water should be sprayed on the flipped side to promote ear growth. (2) Technical measures for ear protrusion management: "Prevent, observe, and pull": (2.1) "Prevention": Cover the black fungus bed with black and white film, with the black side facing down and the white side facing up, to create a suitable environment and sanitary conditions for the growth and development of black fungus, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and fungus flow, and improve yield and quality; (2.2) "Observation": During the black fungus emergence period, water spraying is the main method of management, following the "dry-dry, wet-wet" principle; (2.3) "Pull": Use the "pull" method to harvest the ear pieces and remove the ear roots. The details are as follows: When the fungus is about 80% to 90% mature, pinch the lower part of the fungus with your fingers, pull it upward with force, and pull out the fungus together with the base to obtain edible black fungus.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the step (2.1), holes are punched on the black and white membranes.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The number of the holes is 5-15, preferably 6-10, more preferably 7-9, and most preferably 8; and / or The diameter of the hole is 0.3-2 cm, preferably 0.5-1.5 cm, more preferably 0.8-1.2 cm, and most preferably 1 cm.