Ventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device which comprises a retaining component, a positioning component and a positioning component, the retaining component is used for being attached to a bone window of a skull, a ball socket is arranged on the retaining component, and the ball socket is opposite to the bone window; the guide component comprises a guide sleeve and a ball head formed at the lower end of the guide sleeve, a guide hole of the guide sleeve penetrates through the ball head, and the ball head is embedded in the ball socket and can rotate in the ball socket; the endoscope penetrates through the guide hole and enters the ventricle through the bone window; the nut assembly comprises a first nut part and a second nut part which are screwed on the guide sleeve, and the second nut part is located below the first nut part; the clamping component is arranged in the guide hole, the endoscope penetrates through the clamping component, and the clamping component is driven by the screwing action of the first nut component to clamp and fix the endoscope or release the endoscope; and the locking mechanism is driven by the screwing action of the second nut component to fix or release the ball head.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a medical instrument for guiding a surgical instrument into a human body, and more particularly to an endoscope guiding and positioning device. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is known that an endoscope is a medical instrument for exploring brain tissue, and in performing neurosurgery, the endoscope is inserted into a brain ventricle through a bone window pre-formed on a skull, and the endoscope is required to be allowed to adjust its axial displacement and angle (i.e. pose adjustment) and to be maintained at the adjusted displacement and angle after adjustment. Without a guiding and positioning component attached at the bone window of the skull, the displacement and angle of the endoscope need to be adjusted by the surgeon and an assistant in cooperation, however, in actual operation, it is difficult for the surgeon and the assistant to achieve tacit cooperation (especially when frequent fine adjustment is performed), and the number of surgical participants is increased.

[0003] In the prior art, a guiding and positioning component has been developed to be attached at the bone window of the skull and to be passed through by the endoscope to facilitate the surgeon to adjust the displacement and angle of the endoscope alone. The guiding and positioning component generally comprises a holding component for attachment at the bone window of the skull, a guide sleeve mounted on the holding component, the endoscope passing through a guide hole of the guide sleeve and extending into the ventricle through the bone window, and the guiding and positioning component further comprises a displacement adjustment mechanism and an angle adjustment mechanism configured to allow the endoscope to adjust its displacement and angle and to be maintained at the adjusted displacement and angle after adjustment. Typically, the displacement adjustment mechanism comprises a nut component sleeved on the guide sleeve and a clamping component built in the guide sleeve, the clamping component is forced by the nut component by screwing the nut component, and then the clamping component radially clamps the endoscope to limit the displacement of the endoscope, and the clamping component releases the endoscope by removing the force to allow the endoscope to adjust its displacement.

[0004] According to different ways of angle adjustment of the endoscope by the angle adjustment mechanism, two guiding and positioning components are provided in the prior art.

[0005] The first guide positioning component: in the guide positioning component, the angle adjusting mechanism is a flexible member formed in the axial direction of the guide sleeve. The flexible member can be bent and substantially remains in the bent state after bending. Thus, the surgeon can bend the flexible member by applying force to the guide sleeve with one hand to adjust the angle of the endoscope (Chinese patents with publication numbers CN117281592 A and CN117122267 A disclose guide positioning components with flexible members). However, the use of the flexible member to adjust the angle of the endoscope has the following defects: 1. Due to the mechanical properties of the flexible member, the angle holding capability is poor. For example, if the guide sleeve or the endoscope is hit or the hand holding the endoscope shakes, the endoscope will have an undesired angle deviation; 2. The flexible member will have a certain rebound after bending, making it difficult to accurately adjust the endoscope to the desired angle (especially when fine adjustment is required); 3. The position of the rotation center is uncertain when adjusting the angle of the endoscope.

[0006] The second guide positioning component: in the guide positioning component, the angle adjusting mechanism includes a ball head, a socket, and a stud. The ball head is arranged at the lower end of the guide sleeve, the socket is formed in the boss of the middle part of the retaining component, the ball head is embedded in the socket, and the guide sleeve is allowed to adjust the angle by the cooperation of the ball head and the socket. The stud is arranged transversely, and the inner end (head) of the stud can penetrate the inner wall of the socket, and the outer end (tail) of the stud is exposed to the radial outside of the boss. Thus, the surgeon can rotate the head of the stud away from the ball head by screwing the outer end of the stud to allow the ball head to rotate, thereby allowing the angle of the endoscope to be adjusted by operating the guide sleeve. The head of the stud can be pressed against the ball head by unscrewing the outer end of the stud to limit the rotation of the ball head to fix the ball head, thereby stably holding the endoscope at the adjusted angle. The second guide positioning component has the following advantages over the first guide positioning component: the angle holding capability of the endoscope is strong, there is no rebound after angle adjustment, and the position of the rotation center is always at the center of the ball.

[0007] However, the second guide positioning component still has the following defects during use:

[0008] In neurosurgery, especially in microsurgery or neuro-navigation surgery, sometimes the angle and displacement of the endoscope need to be frequently and alternately fine-tuned, which requires frequent and alternating operation of the angle adjusting mechanism and displacement adjustment. Since one hand of the surgeon must always hold the endoscope, only one hand (the other hand) can be used to frequently and alternately operate the nut components and the stud of the two adjusting mechanisms. Due to the different arrangement directions of the stud and the guide sleeve and the large distance between the outer end of the stud and the nut component, the following operation is inconvenient:

[0009] In adjusting the endoscope angle, first, one hand needs to hold the guide sleeve for adjusting the angle of the guide sleeve, and after adjusting the angle of the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve needs to be locked, because the arrangement direction of the fixing stud is different from that of the guide sleeve, the hand needs to first release the guide sleeve before turning to screw the fixing stud, which not only causes the hand to frequently switch displacement and posture under the requirement of frequent angle adjustment, but also is particularly disadvantageous in that, on the one hand, after the hand releases the guide sleeve, the angle of the guide sleeve can only be indirectly maintained by the hand holding the endoscope, which causes the angle of the guide sleeve to possibly deviate as desired; on the other hand, when the hand releases the guide sleeve to screw the fixing stud, the guide sleeve is not held by the hand at this time, and thus, when the head of the fixing stud presses against the ball head, the ball head can cause the guide sleeve to deviate in angle.

[0010] In addition, in the case of alternating adjustment of the displacement and angle of the endoscope, the hand needs to further frequently switch displacement and posture. SUMMARY

[0011] In view of the above technical problems in the prior art, the present application provides an intracerebral ventricle endoscope guide positioning device.

[0012] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0013] An intracerebral ventricle endoscope guide positioning device comprises:

[0014] A retaining component is used to be attached to a bone window of a skull, a ball socket is arranged on the retaining component, and the ball socket is opposite to the bone window;

[0015] A guide component comprises a guide sleeve and a ball head formed at the lower end of the guide sleeve, a guide hole of the guide sleeve penetrates through the ball head, the ball head is embedded in the ball socket and can rotate in the ball socket, and an endoscope penetrates through the guide hole and enters the intracerebral ventricle through the bone window;

[0016] A nut assembly comprises a first nut component and a second nut component which are screwed on the guide sleeve, and the second nut component is below the first nut component;

[0017] A clamping component is arranged in the guide hole, the endoscope penetrates through the clamping component, and the clamping component is driven by the screwing action of the first nut component to clamp and fix the endoscope or release the endoscope;

[0018] A locking mechanism is driven by the screwing action of the second nut component to fix or release the ball head.

[0019] Preferably, an annular table is arranged at the intersection of the ball head and the guide sleeve;

[0020] The locking mechanism comprises:

[0021] an axial hole formed in the ball head and extending along the axial direction of the guide sleeve, an upper end of the axial hole passing through the annular platform, the axial hole including at least three axial holes distributed circumferentially;

[0022] a radial hole formed in the ball head and having inner and outer ends passing through the spherical surface of the ball head and the hole wall of the axial hole, respectively;

[0023] a driving column arranged in the axial hole and capable of moving along the axial hole, an upper end of the driving column protruding from the annular platform, all the driving columns being driven to move downward synchronously by screwing the second nut component;

[0024] a tightening column arranged in the radial hole and capable of moving along the radial hole, a transmission structure being arranged between the tightening column and the driving column, the tightening column being driven to move radially outward by the transmission structure to press the inner wall of the ball socket with an outer end of the tightening column.

[0025] Preferably, the transmission structure includes:

[0026] a ball arranged in the radial hole and between the tightening column and the driving column, the ball protruding from the inner end of the radial hole;

[0027] a slope structure including at least an upper slope inclined downward formed on the outer circumferential surface of the driving column; wherein:

[0028] when the driving column is driven to move downward, the upper slope forces the ball to move toward the outer end of the radial hole by extruding the ball to drive the tightening column to move radially outward.

[0029] Preferably, a resilient section capable of elastic extension is arranged in the middle part of the tightening column, the resilient section enabling the two ends of the tightening column to exert elastic pre-tightening force on the inner wall of the ball socket and the upper slope of the driving column.

[0030] Preferably, a plurality of rod-shaped components extending radially are detachably mounted on the section of the guide sleeve between the first nut component and the second nut component, the plurality of rod-shaped components being arranged circumferentially.

[0031] Preferably, each of the axial holes corresponds to two radial holes, the axes of the two radial holes corresponding to each of the axial holes passing through the ball center of the ball head, and the two radial holes corresponding to each of the axial holes being arranged symmetrically about a plane passing through the ball center of the ball head and perpendicular to the axis of the guide hole.

[0032] Preferably, a pressing sleeve is sleeved on the guide sleeve, the pressing sleeve being arranged between the second nut component and the annular platform of the ball head and capable of moving along the guide sleeve; wherein:

[0033] The annular lower end surface of the pressing sleeve is provided with rectangular recesses arranged in a circumferential direction and corresponding to the transmission columns one by one, the upper end of the transmission column extends into the rectangular recess, and the pressing sleeve is driven by the screwing action of the second nut part to press against the upper end surface of the transmission column through the groove bottom of the rectangular recess to drive the transmission column to move downward.

[0034] The annular upper end surface of the pressing sleeve is configured as a wave structure, and the second nut part is in contact with the wave crest of the wave structure.

[0035] Preferably, the inclined surface structure further comprises a lower inclined surface inclined upwardly, and the positional relationship between the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface is configured as:

[0036] After the ball is forced to move upward by pushing against the upper inclined surface under the elastic pre-tightening force applied by the tightening column, the steel ball finally simultaneously contacts the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface.

[0037] Preferably, the clamping part comprises a wave tube with a wave tube wall, the wave tube is elastically stretchable in the axial direction, and when the wave tube is compressed, the inner hole defined by the tube wall of the wave tube is reduced, so that the wave tube is compressed by screwing the first nut to make the radially inwardly convex wave crest area of the tube wall of the wave tube clamp the endoscope.

[0038] Preferably, the retaining part comprises a plate body and a boss formed in the middle region of the plate body, the top of the boss is detachably fixed with a gland, a lower ball socket is opened on the boss, and an upper ball socket is configured in the gland, the upper ball socket and the lower ball socket are in butt joint to form the ball socket.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the ventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device has the advantages that the guiding and positioning device can make the displacement and angle adjustment operation of the endoscope by the surgeon become simpler and more convenient.

[0040] The summary of various implementations or examples of the technology described in the present application is not a comprehensive disclosure of the entire scope or all features of the disclosed technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals describe similar components throughout the several views. Like numerals having different letter extensions can represent different instances of like components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, various embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application in any way. The same or similar reference numerals and letters in different drawings represent similar components. Such embodiments are examples only, and are not intended to suggest exhaustive or limiting implementations of the present device or method.

[0042] Figure 1 A perspective view of the intracerebral endoscope guiding and positioning device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 2 An exploded view of the intracerebral endoscope guiding and positioning device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figure 3 A perspective view of the transmission column.

[0045] Figure 4 An assembly view of the guiding member and the locking mechanism.

[0046] Figure 5 A main cross-sectional view of the intracerebral endoscope guiding and positioning device according to an embodiment of the present application in use (the device is in a state in which the angle of the endoscope can be adjusted).

[0047] Figure 6 An enlarged view of part A of Figure 5

[0048] Figure 7 A main cross-sectional view of the intracerebral endoscope guiding and positioning device according to an embodiment of the present application in use (the device is in a state in which the angle of the endoscope is locked).

[0049] Figure 8 An enlarged view of part B of Figure 7

[0050] Figure 9 A schematic view for illustrating the one-handed operation of the device.

[0051] Reference numerals:

[0052] ​​10-retaining member; 11-plate body; 111-attachment ear; 112-conical screw; 12-boss; 121-lower ball bowl; 122-circular recess; 13-pressing cap; 131-upper ball bowl; 132-circular pressing plate; 14-ball socket; 141-lower window; 142-upper window; 20-guiding member; 21-guiding sleeve; 211-external thread; 212-external thread; 22-ball head; 221-axial hole; 222-radial hole; 23-guiding hole; 24-annular mesa; 31-first nut member; 311-push sleeve; 32-second nut member; 40-clamping member; 51-transmission column; 511-inclined surface structure; 5111-upper inclined surface; 5112-lower inclined surface; 512-rectangular slot; 52-tightening column; 521-elastic section; 53-ball; 54-pressing sleeve; 541-rectangular recess; 542-wavy structure; 60-rod member; 61-anti-skid structure; 100-endoscope; 200-skull; 201-bone window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein shall include all equivalents thereof. The articles "a", "an", and "the" are used herein to refer to one or to more than one (i.e. to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example "an element" means one or more elements. The terms "comprising", "having", "including", and "containing" are to be construed open- ended, i.e. meaning "including, but not limited to". The terms "coupled" and "connected" are to be construed as possibly having some form of electrical or physical connection, but not necessarily direct, and can include some form of indirect electrical or physical connection. The terms "upper" and "lower" are used only to represent relative positions, and when the absolute positions of the objects being described change, the relative positions can also change accordingly.

[0054] In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of the present application clear and concise, the detailed description of known functions and known components is omitted.

[0055] As Figure 5 and in combination Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present application discloses a guiding positioning device for attaching to a bone window 201 pre-opened at a skull 200 of a patient, for guiding an endoscope 100 (hereinafter referred to as endoscope 100) to enter into a brain ventricle through the bone window 201, allowing a surgeon to displace and angle adjust the endoscope 100, and to keep the endoscope 100 at the adjusted displacement and angle after the adjustment is completed, and the guiding positioning device has the advantage of making the adjustment operation of the endoscope 100 simple, especially the fine adjustment operation, so that the guiding positioning device is especially suitable for application in neurosurgery which needs more intraoperative fine adjustment.

[0056] As shown, Figure 5 and in combination with Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the guiding positioning device comprises a holding component 100, a guiding component 20, a first nut component 31, a second nut component 32, a clamping component 40 and a locking mechanism.

[0057] The holding component 100 is used for directly attaching to the bone window 201 of the skull 200, and by attaching the holding component 100 to the bone window 201, the whole guiding positioning device is attached to the skull 200. The holding component 100 comprises a circular plate body 11 and a boss 12 formed on the upper plate surface of the plate body 11 and integrally processed and formed with the plate body 11, the lower plate surface of the plate body 11 is processed into a spherical surface for matching and attaching to the surface of the skull 200, the circular edge of the plate body 11 is processed into a plurality of attachment ears 111 arranged in a circle, each attachment ear 111 is provided with a through hole, and a conical screw 112 is used to pass through each through hole and screw into the skull 200 for fixing the holding component 100 on the skull 200.

[0058] The ball socket 14 is arranged in the middle region of the holding component 100, and has a lower window 141 facing the skull window 201 and an upper window 142 facing away from the lower window 141 (upward). The ball socket 14 is formed by machining a ball socket on the boss 12 in the middle of the holding component 100, which is referred to as a lower ball socket 121, and the lower ball socket 121 penetrates the lower plate surface of the plate body 11 to form the lower window 141. The gland 13 is screwed on the boss 12, and the gland 13 is fixed to the boss 12 by fasteners. A ball socket is pre-machined on the gland 13, which is referred to as an upper ball socket 131, and the upper ball socket 131 penetrates the top surface of the gland 13 to form the upper window 142. In this way, the upper ball socket 131 of the gland 13 and the lower ball socket 121 of the boss 12 form the ball socket 14 with the upper window 142 and the lower window 141. Preferably, a circular groove 122 is machined on the end surface of the boss 12, and a ring-shaped pressing plate is machined on the edge of the gland 13, so that the ring-shaped pressing plate is embedded in the circular groove 122, and the circular pressing plate 132 and the groove wall of the circular groove 122 form a mounting fit. The fasteners pass through the ring-shaped pressing plate and are screwed into the boss 12 to fix the gland 13. The mounting fit between the gland 13 and the boss 12 can strictly limit the dislocation of the upper ball socket 131 and the lower ball socket 121 under stress.

[0059] The guide component 20 is attached to the holding component 100 in a space-rotatable manner to allow the angle of the endoscope 100 to be adjusted by the guide component 20. The guide component 20 includes a guide sleeve 21 with a guide hole 23 and a ball head 22 arranged at the lower end of the guide sleeve 21. The guide hole 23 penetrates the ball head 22, and the ball head 22 is located in the ball socket 14. In this way, the cooperation of the ball head 22 and the ball socket 14 allows the guide component 20 to rotate in three-dimensional space, thereby allowing the angle of the guide sleeve 21 to be adjusted. Preferably, the ball head 22 and the ball socket 14 are in a clearance fit, i.e., the radial dimension of the ball head 22 is slightly smaller than the radial dimension of the ball socket 14, thereby reducing the friction between the spherical surface of the ball head 22 and the inner wall of the ball socket 14. The ball head 22 can be fixed to the lower end of the guide sleeve 21 in a detachable manner, or the ball head 22 can be integrally formed with the guide sleeve 21.

[0060] When the guide positioning device is used, the distal end of the endoscope 100 extends into the brain ventricle from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 of the guide component 20, sequentially through the guide hole 23 and the skull window 201 of the skull 200, so that the angle of the endoscope 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the guide sleeve 21. It can be understood that the angle adjustment range of the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 is limited by the radial dimensions of the upper window 142 and the lower window 141 of the ball socket 14, so that the adjustable range of the angle of the endoscope 100 can be increased by increasing the radial dimensions of the lower window 141 and the upper window 142 as much as possible.

[0061] Two external threads are machined on the outer wall of the guide sleeve 21, and the two external threads are arranged at intervals in the axial direction. The first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32 are both sleeved on the guide sleeve 21, and the first nut component 31 is located above the second nut component 32. The first nut component 31 is in threaded cooperation with the upper external thread 211, and the second nut component 32 is in threaded cooperation with the lower external thread 212. The radial dimension of the upper external thread 211 is smaller than that of the lower external thread 212, and correspondingly, the hole diameter of the threaded hole of the second nut component 32 is larger than that of the first nut component 31. In this way, the second nut component 32 can be rotated into the lower external thread 212 without interference with the upper external thread 211 after being lowered through the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 and the upper external thread 211. In this way, the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32 can be axially moved by being screwed.

[0062] The clamping component 40 is arranged at the upper part of the guide hole 23 of the guide sleeve 21, and the upper end of the clamping component 40 faces the first nut component 31. The clamping component 40 has an inner hole through which the endoscope 100 passes. The clamping component 40 is configured as a columnar structure or a tubular structure capable of being elastically compressed. When the clamping component 40 is compressed, the hole diameter of the inner hole of the clamping component 40 decreases, thereby clamping the endoscope 100. When the compression on the clamping component 40 is removed or reduced, the hole diameter of the clamping component 40 increases to release the endoscope 100. In this way, the endoscope 100 is clamped and fixed by the clamping component 40 by screwing the first nut component 31 to press the upper end of the clamping component 40, and the endoscope 100 is released by the clamping component 40 by reversely screwing the first nut component 31 to remove or reduce the compression on the clamping component 40, thereby allowing the endoscope 100 to move axially along the guide hole 23.

[0063] The clamping component 40 can be an elastic rubber column with an inner hole. The inner hole of the elastic rubber column is reduced by being axially pressed by the first nut component 31 to clamp the endoscope 100.

[0064] The present application provides a clamping component 40 of a preferred structure, which is a corrugated tube having corrugated tube wall, which is made of a high polymer having high elastic property by a hot injection molding process, the corrugated tube wall has a plurality of wave crests protruding to the radial inner side and the radial outer side alternately arranged along the axial direction, so that after the corrugated tube is axially pressed, the inner hole defined by the plurality of wave crests protruding to the radial inner side is reduced in diameter to clamp the endoscope 100, and after the pressure is removed or reduced, the corrugated tube is elastically restored to increase the diameter of the inner hole defined by the plurality of wave crests to release the endoscope 100. To fit the corrugated tube, a stop step is machined on the upper part of the guide hole 23 of the guide sleeve 21, the lower end of the corrugated tube abuts against the stop step, a push sleeve 311 is machined on the radial inner side of the second nut component 32 for extending into the guide hole 23, and the lower end surface of the push sleeve 311 is used to push against the upper end surface of the corrugated tube for pressing the corrugated tube. The advantage of using the corrugated tube as the clamping component 40 is that the plurality of wave crests arranged along the axial direction on the corrugated tube wall collectively clamp the endoscope 100 to more strictly limit the endoscope 100 from swinging relative to the guide sleeve 21, and the radial size range of the endoscope 100 that the corrugated tube is suitable for clamping is significantly larger than the radial size range of the endoscope 100 that the rubber column is suitable for clamping.

[0065] Based on the above, the clamping component 40 can clamp the endoscope 100 to limit the movement of the endoscope 100 by screwing the first nut component 31 fitted on the guide sleeve 21 to press the clamping component 40, and the clamping component 40 can release the endoscope 100 to allow the endoscope 100 to be adjusted in displacement by unscrewing or reducing the pressure on the clamping component 40. Thus, the first nut component 31 fitted on the guide sleeve 21 and the clamping component 40 built-in the guide hole 23 constitute a displacement adjustment mechanism for adjusting the displacement of the endoscope 100.

[0066] The locking mechanism is configured to fix the ball head 22 to limit the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 from rotating in space in response to the screwing action of the second nut component 32, and to release the ball head 22 to allow the endoscope 100 to be adjusted in angle in response to the reverse screwing action of the second nut component 32.

[0067] The locking mechanism includes an axial hole 221, a radial hole 222, a transmission column 51, and a fastening column 52. An annular table 24 is machined on the joint area of the guide sleeve 21 and the ball head 22; the axial hole 221 is opened in the ball head 22 and extends along the axial direction of the guide sleeve 21, and the upper end penetrates through the annular table 24 and the lower end does not penetrate through the lower spherical surface of the ball head 22, so that the axial hole 221 is a blind hole, and at least three axial holes 221 are opened, which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, for example, three axial holes 221 can be opened at an interval of 120 degrees. Figure 4The six axial holes 221 are circumferentially distributed; the radial holes 222 are arranged in the ball head 22 and the axes of the radial holes 222 pass through the ball center of the ball head 22, the axial holes 221 pass through the spherical surface of the ball head 22 at both ends and the hole walls of the axial holes 221, each axial hole 221 preferably corresponds to two radial holes 222, that is, each axial hole 221 has two radial holes 222 penetrating it radially outside, and the two radial holes 222 corresponding to each axial hole 221 are symmetrically arranged about a plane passing through the ball center of the ball head 22 and perpendicular to the axis of the guide sleeve 21; each axial hole 221 is provided with a transmission column 51, the transmission column 51 can be inserted into the axial hole 221 from the upper end of the axial hole 221, and the transmission column 51 is allowed to move up and down along the axial hole 221, and the upper end of each transmission column 51 always protrudes from the annular table 24; each radial hole 222 is provided with a clamping column 52, the clamping column 52 can be inserted into the radial hole 222 from the outer end of the radial hole 222, and the clamping column 52 is allowed to move outward and inward along the radial hole 222.

[0068] A transmission structure is arranged between the inner end of the clamping column 52 and the outer peripheral surface of the transmission column 51, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 8 and in combination with Figure 5 and Figure 7 The transmission structure includes a ball 53 arranged at the inner end of the radial hole 222 and a bevel structure 511 previously machined on the outer peripheral surface of the transmission column 51, the bevel structure 511 at least includes an upwardly inclined upper bevel 5111. One part of the ball 53 protrudes from the inner end of the radial hole 222 and is used to contact the upper bevel 5111 of the transmission column 51. Thus, as shown in Figure 8 when the transmission column 51 is pressed to move downward (or has a downward movement tendency), the upper bevel 5111 pushes the ball 53 to move outward along the radial hole 222 (or has an outward movement tendency) as the transmission column 51 moves downward (or has a downward movement tendency), so that the ball 53 pushes the clamping column 52 to move outward (or has an outward movement tendency), and then the outer end of the clamping column 52 tightly presses against the inner wall of the socket 14, thereby increasing the damping of the rotation of the ball head 22 relative to the socket 14 and completely restricting the rotation of the ball head 22, as shown in Figure 6 when the pressure on the transmission column 51 decreases or is removed, the clamping column 52 decreases or removes the pressure on the inner wall of the socket 14, thereby reducing the damping of the rotation of the ball head 22 relative to the socket 14 and allowing the ball head 22 to rotate freely.

[0069] The second nut member 32 is arranged on the guide sleeve 21 above the ball head 22, so the upper ends of all the transmission columns 51 protruding from the annular platform 24 are directed to the lower surface of the second nut member 32. Thus, the lower surface of the second nut member 32 can directly or indirectly press all the upper surfaces of the transmission columns 51 synchronously to apply pressure to the transmission columns 51 by screwing the second nut member 32 downward, so as to increase the damping of the rotation of the ball head 22 until the rotation of the ball head 22 is completely restricted, thereby increasing the damping when adjusting the angle of the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 until the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 are completely locked. By unscrewing the second nut member 32 in the opposite direction, the pressure applied to the transmission columns 51 can be reduced, so as to reduce the damping when adjusting the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 until the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 are basically free to rotate. Thus, by screwing and unscrewing the second nut member 32, the angle of the endoscope 100 can be adjusted and the endoscope 100 can be kept at the adjusted angle after the adjustment is completed, and when adjusting the endoscope 100, the damping of the rotation of the endoscope 100 in the three-dimensional space can be adjusted by screwing the second nut member 32, which is due to the fact that the second nut member 32 is arranged on the guide sleeve 21, so that the user can adjust the damping and the angle by holding the guide sleeve 21.

[0070] Based on the above, by screwing and unscrewing the second nut member 32 arranged on the guide sleeve 21 to drive or release the locking member, the angle of the endoscope 100 can be adjusted and the endoscope 100 can be kept at the adjusted angle. Thus, the second nut member 32 arranged on the guide sleeve 21 and the locking member arranged in the ball head 22 constitute an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the angle of the endoscope 100.

[0071] The above locking mechanism has at least the following advantages: 1. The components of the locking mechanism are basically built in the ball head 22, so the radial size of the entire device is basically not increased, thereby making the entire guide positioning device compact; 2. The transmission columns 51 arranged circumferentially push against two symmetrically arranged clamping columns 52 corresponding to each transmission column 51, so that each region of the spherical surface of the ball head 22 basically does not contact or only has a small contact force with the inner wall of the ball socket 14, which is beneficial to reduce wear, and the damping of the ball head 22 is basically determined by the pre-tightening force between the outer end of the clamping column 52 and the inner wall of the ball socket 14; 3. Using the spherical bead 53 and the inclined surface structure 511 of the transmission column 51 to drive the clamping column 52 without using the inclined surface structure 511 and the inclined surface structure 511 to drive the clamping column 52 can reduce the contact jamming caused by a large contact area, and the clamping column 52 does not need to be limited to rotate freely in the radial hole 222.

[0072] In some preferred structures, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, a pressing sleeve 54 is sleeved on the lower part of the guide sleeve 21, and is interposed between the second nut part 32 and the annular table 24. The pressing sleeve 54 is in sliding fit with the guide sleeve 21, so that the pressing sleeve 54 can move axially along the guide sleeve 21. The annular lower end surface of the pressing sleeve 54 is provided with a plurality of rectangular recesses 541 arranged in a circle and corresponding to the transmission columns 51 one by one. The upper end of each transmission column 51 extends into the corresponding rectangular recess 541. The bottom of each rectangular recess 541 is used to directly press the transmission column 51, and the distance between the two side walls of the rectangular recess 541 is substantially equal to the diameter of the transmission column 51, so as to limit the rotation of the pressing sleeve 54 relative to the guide sleeve 21. The annular upper end surface of the pressing sleeve 54 is processed into a wave structure 542, and the lower surface of the second nut part 32 is used to directly contact the peaks of the wave structure 542. In this way, when the second nut part 32 is screwed downward, the second nut part 32 simultaneously presses each transmission column 51 through the pressing sleeve 54. The advantage of adding the pressing sleeve 54 with the wave structure 542 and the rectangular recess 541 at both ends between the second nut part 32 and the annular table 24 is that: by reasonably designing the axial size of the pressing sleeve 54, the second nut part 32 can be arranged at an axial position that is easy to operate; by configuring the rectangular recess 541 at the lower end of the pressing sleeve 54, the rotation of the pressing sleeve 54 with the second nut part 32 is limited, so as to improve the stability of the driving of the transmission column 51; and by configuring the wave structure 542 at the upper end of the pressing sleeve 54, the contact area between the pressing sleeve 54 and the second nut part 32 is reduced, so as to reduce the rotational impedance therebetween.

[0073] In some preferred structures, the elastic section 521 is configured at the middle section of the fastening column 52. Specifically, the elastic section 521 can be obtained by processing a helical groove at the middle section of the fastening column 52, so that the fastening column 52 can elastically stretch and contract in the axial direction. Configuring the elastic section 521 on the fastening column 52 has the following advantages: the second nut part 32 is allowed to have a larger rotation stroke to switch the ball head 22 between the fixed state and the released state, so that the damping received by the ball head 22 is more easily adjusted to a suitable size by the second nut part 32, thereby being beneficial to fine adjustment of the angle of the endoscope 100; and in the process of reducing the pressure on the transmission column 51 by screwing the second nut part 32 upward, the fastening column 52 drives the ball 53 to make the transmission column 51 follow the second nut part 32 upward and reset synchronously by elastic reset.

[0074] In some preferred structures, as shown in FIG. 6, the annular table 24 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 241 arranged in a circle and corresponding to the transmission columns 51 one by one. The upper end of each transmission column 51 extends into the corresponding annular groove 241. The bottom of each annular groove 241 is used to directly press the transmission column 51, and the distance between the two side walls of the annular groove 241 is substantially equal to the diameter of the transmission column 51, so as to limit the rotation of the annular table 24 relative to the guide sleeve 21. Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, the inclined surface structure 511 further comprises a lower inclined surface 5112 inclined upwardly below the upper inclined surface 5111, and the position relationship and the inclination angle between the upper inclined surface 5111 and the lower inclined surface 5112 are configured based on the following effect: if the second nut component 32 completely releases the pressure on the transmission column 51, the elastic reset of the clamping column 52 makes the ball 53 simultaneously contact the two inclined surfaces, that is, after the transmission column 51 is completely reset, the ball 53 simultaneously contacts the two inclined surfaces, and the advantage of such configuration is that the cooperation of the two inclined surfaces can limit the free axial movement of the transmission column 51, so that there is no virtual position in the initial movement of the transmission column 51 under pressure, that is, when the transmission column 51 is pressed downward, the corresponding force and movement are synchronously transmitted to the clamping column 52.

[0075] In some preferred structures, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 5 and Figure 9 , the present application further provides a structure for facilitating the displacement and angle of the endoscope 100 by cooperating with the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32, specifically, two rod-shaped components 60 are arranged on the guide sleeve 21 between the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32, and the two rod-shaped components 60 both extend radially. Preferably, the rod-shaped component 60 is detachably mounted on the guide sleeve 21, for example, a threaded stud can be machined on the inner end of the rod-shaped component 60, so that the threaded stud is screwed into the guide sleeve 21 radially to achieve detachable mounting. Preferably, an anti-slip structure 61 is machined on the outer end section of the rod-shaped component 60, for example, a plurality of notches are machined on the outer end section of the rod-shaped component 60. The advantages of the rod-shaped component 60 will be described below in the description of the operation process of the guide positioning device.

[0076] The assembly process of the guide positioning device with all the above preferred structures will be described below.

[0077] First, each transmission column 51 is inserted into the axial hole 221 from the upper end of the axial hole 221, then each ball 53 and clamping column 52 are sequentially inserted into each radial hole 222 from the outer end of the radial hole 222, then the ball head 22 is held with one hand to prevent the clamping column 52 from coming out of the radial hole 222, then the pressure cover 13 is sleeved on the guide sleeve 21 from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 with the other hand, then the lower part of the ball head 22 is released while the lower part of the ball head 22 is inserted into the lower ball bowl 121 of the retaining component 100, then the upper part of the ball head 22 is released and the pressure cover 13 is lowered to open on the boss 12 of the retaining component 100, so that the upper part of the ball head 22 enters the upper ball bowl 131, and then the pressure cover 13 is fixed on the boss 12 of the retaining component 100 by fastening.

[0078] Then, the head of a screwdriver is inserted into the slot 512 of the upper end of the transmission column 51 and the transmission column 51 is screwed so that the inclined surface structure 511 on each transmission column 51 faces and cooperates with the ball 53.

[0079] Then, the pressing sleeve 54 is sleeved on the guide sleeve 21 from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 and is moved to the lower part of the guide sleeve 21.

[0080] Then, the second nut part 32 is sleeved on the guide sleeve 21 from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 and is screwed with the external thread 212 below, and the second nut part 32 is screwed to slightly press the upper end surface of the pressing sleeve 54.

[0081] Then, the inner ends of the two rod-shaped parts 60 are screwed into the wall holes of the guide sleeve 21.

[0082] Then, the clamping part 40 is loaded into the guide hole 23 from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21, and then the first nut part 31 is sleeved on the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 and is screwed with the external thread 211 above, and the first nut part 31 is screwed to slightly press the upper end surface of the clamping part 40.

[0083] The advantages of the guide positioning device provided by the present application in adjusting the displacement and angle of the endoscope 100 are as follows:

[0084] The surgeon holds the section of the endoscope 100 above the device with one hand (for example, the left hand), as shown in FIG. 1. Figure 9 The surgeon holds the guide sleeve 21 or the parts thereon directly with the other hand (for example, the right hand), and the specific posture is that the index finger, the middle finger, the ring finger and the little finger of the right hand are located on one side (for example, the rear side) of the guide sleeve 21, the thumb is located on the other side (for example, the front side) of the guide sleeve 21, the index finger always holds the rear side of the first nut part 31 (that is, always keeps in contact with the rear side of the first nut part 31), the middle finger always holds the rear side of the second nut part 32 (that is, always keeps in contact with the rear side of the second nut part 32), and the thumb holds the front side of the first nut part 31, the front side of the second nut part 32 or the outer surface of the guide sleeve 21 between the two nut parts based on whether the two nut parts need to be screwed, at this time, one of the rod-shaped parts 60 is located at the root of the index finger and the thumb and is limited to rotate the guide sleeve 21 around its axis by being stopped by the root, and optionally, the lower edge of the palm of the right hand can be abutted against the upper plate surface of the holding part 100 to serve as a support.

[0085] In the operation of the endoscope 100, if only the endoscope 100 needs to be pushed into the ventricle (which can also be referred to as large displacement adjustment of the endoscope 100) without the need to rotate the first nut member 31 and the second nut member 32, the thumb can be held in any one of the three positions of the first nut member 31, the guide sleeve 21, and the second nut member 32. If the angle of the endoscope 100 needs to be adjusted, the thumb is moved to the front side of the second nut member 32 to cooperate with the middle finger that displaces the rear side of the second nut member 32, at this time, the cooperation of the thumb and the middle finger not only can rotate the guide sleeve 21 in the three-dimensional space to adjust the angle of the endoscope 100, but also can simultaneously rotate the second nut member 32 to obtain appropriate damping or lock the adjusted angle, so that the operation of adjusting the angle becomes fast, simple and accurate, thereby facilitating the fine adjustment of the angle of the endoscope 100. If the displacement of the endoscope 100 needs to be adjusted, the thumb is moved to the front side of the first nut member 31 to cooperate with the index finger at the rear side of the first nut member 31, at this time, the cooperation of the thumb and the index finger can rotate the second nut member 32 to allow the endoscope 100 to be pushed (i.e., to allow displacement adjustment) and can lock the endoscope 100, so that the adjustment of the displacement of the endoscope 100 can be realized. If frequent alternating displacement and angle adjustment is needed, the frequent and alternating switching of the thumb to the front sides of the two nut members and the corresponding rotation of the two nut members can realize the frequent alternating adjustment of the angle and the displacement. In addition, when the rotation operation of any one of the nut members or the operation of the guide sleeve 21 is performed, the lower edge of the palm of the right hand is always supported on the upper plate surface of the holding member 100, thereby facilitating stable operation of the operated object, for example, when the guide sleeve 21 is rotated in the three-dimensional space, the support of the holding member 100 to the palm of the right hand makes the action of the right hand not tremble. In addition, when the two nut members are rotated, the rod-shaped member 60 is stopped between the two fingers, so that the guide sleeve 21 is prevented from rotating with the nut members, and the rod-shaped member 60 also has the effect of stabilizing the right hand.

[0086] Based on the above, the reason why the guide positioning device provided by the present application makes the adjustment operation of the endoscope 100 by the surgeon simple is at least due to the fact that both of the operated objects are configured as rotatable nut members and are arranged on the guide sleeve 21.

[0087] Furthermore, although example embodiments have been described in the present disclosure, it is contemplated that the scope of the application includes any and all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects across various embodiments), adaptations and / or alterations based on the present disclosure. The elements of the claims are to be construed in the broadest sense based on the language recited in the claims to encompass all equivalent techniques known to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples given herein are to be considered as illustrative only and not restrictive in character. It is contemplated that the application as claimed can be practiced without specific reference to a particular example. It is intended to cover and embrace all alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and / or improvements of the present application in accordance with the preceding disclosure, and further in accordance with the following claims as they can be interpreted to functionally equate, subsume, or otherwise include such alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and / or improvements. Accordingly, the true scope and spirit of the application is indicated by the following claims.

[0088] The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Further, various features can be combined in different combinations to produce embodiments of the application. The application is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein. Further, various modifications of the application, as to the type and interrelationships of the elements comprised in the composition, can be made with out departing from the scope of the application. Indeed, various embodiments of the application can be found in the claims, and functional steps described herein can be rearranged in various ways or combined. Accordingly, the following claims are in no way intended to limit the scope of the application, with the real scope and spirit of the application indicated by the following claims.

[0089] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent replacements to the present application within the spirit and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent replacements should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A guiding and positioning device for intraventricular endoscopy, characterized in that: include: a holding component, which is used to be attached to the bone window of the skull, wherein the holding component is configured with a ball socket, and the ball socket is opposite to the bone window; The guide component includes a guide sleeve and a ball head formed at the lower end of the guide sleeve, a guide hole of the guide sleeve passes through the ball head, and the ball head is embedded in the ball socket and can rotate in the ball socket; the endoscope passes through the guide hole and enters the ventricle through the bone window; A nut assembly comprising a first nut component and a second nut component screwed onto the guide sleeve, wherein the second nut component is located below the first nut component; a clamping member disposed in the guide hole, the endoscope passing through the clamping member, and the clamping member being driven by the screwing action of the first nut member to clamp and fix the endoscope or release the endoscope; The locking mechanism is driven by the screwing action of the second nut component to fix or release the ball head.

2. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular table is configured at the junction of the ball head and the guide sleeve; The locking mechanism comprises: An axial hole is formed in the ball head and extends axially along the guide sleeve, wherein the upper end of the axial hole passes through the annular table surface, and the axial holes include at least three holes, which are evenly distributed along the circumference; A radial hole is provided in the ball head, and its inner and outer ends respectively penetrate the spherical surface of the ball head and the wall of the axial hole; A transmission column is disposed in the axial hole and is movable along the axial hole, with the upper end of the transmission column protruding from the annular table surface. By screwing the second nut component, all the transmission columns are driven to move downward synchronously; A locking post is arranged in the radial hole and can move along the radial hole. A transmission structure is configured between the locking post and the transmission post. The locking post is driven by the downward-moving transmission post by the transmission structure and moves radially outward, so that the outer end of the locking post presses against the inner wall of the ball socket.

3. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission structure includes: A ball is disposed in the radial hole and between the fixing post and the transmission post, the ball protruding from an inner end of the radial hole; The inclined surface structure comprises at least an upper inclined surface formed on the outer peripheral surface of the transmission column and tilted downward; wherein: When the transmission post is driven to move downward, the upper inclined surface squeezes the ball and forces the ball to move toward the outer end of the radial hole to drive the fixing post to move radially outward.

4. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An elastic section capable of elastic expansion and contraction is configured in the middle of the tightening column, and the elastic section enables both ends of the tightening column to apply elastic pre-tightening force to the inner wall of the ball socket and the upper inclined surface of the transmission column.

5. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of radially extending rod-shaped components are detachably mounted on the section of the guide sleeve between the first nut component and the second nut component, and the plurality of rod-shaped components are circumferentially arranged.

6. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the axial holes corresponds to two radial holes; the axes of the two radial holes corresponding to each axial hole pass through the center of the ball head, and the two radial holes are symmetrically arranged about a plane passing through the center of the ball head and perpendicular to the axis of the guide hole.

7. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pressing sleeve is provided on the guide sleeve, and the pressing sleeve is located between the second nut component and the annular table surface of the ball head and can move along the guide sleeve; wherein: The annular lower end surface of the press sleeve is provided with rectangular grooves arranged circumferentially and corresponding to the transmission posts one by one. The upper end of the transmission post extends into the rectangular groove. The press sleeve is driven by the screwing action of the second nut component to press against the upper end surface of the transmission post through the bottom of the rectangular groove to drive the transmission post to move downward. The annular upper end surface of the pressing sleeve is configured with a wave structure, and the second nut component is in contact with the wave crest of the wave structure.

8. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inclined surface structure further includes a lower inclined surface inclined upward; the posture relationship between the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface is configured as follows: After the ball forces the transmission post to move upward by pushing against the upper inclined surface due to the elastic pre-tightening force applied by the fixing post, the steel ball finally contacts the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface at the same time.

9. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping component includes a wave tube with a wave tube wall, and the wave tube can elastically expand and contract in the axial direction. When the wave tube is compressed, the inner hole defined by the tube wall of the wave tube is reduced, so that the wave tube is compressed by screwing the first nut so that the multiple radially inwardly convex wave peak areas of the tube wall of the wave tube clamp the endoscope.

10. The intraventricular endoscope guiding and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retaining component includes a plate body and a boss formed in the middle area of ​​the plate body, a pressure cover is detachably fixed to the top of the boss, a lower ball bowl is opened on the boss, an upper ball bowl is configured in the pressure cover, and the upper ball bowl is docked with the lower ball bowl to form the ball socket.

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