Flexible anchor group structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a flexible anchor group structure and a construction method thereof.The flexible anchor group structure comprises one or more unit anchor group structures, each unit anchor group structure comprises a plurality of gravity blocks, the gravity blocks are connected into a net-shaped structure through flexible cables, and each gravity block is located on a lattice point of the net-shaped structure; the net-shaped structure is provided with one or more connecting points capable of being connected with the connecting pieces, the connecting points are arranged on the gravity blocks or the flexible cables, and the multiple unit group anchor structures are connected to form a net-shaped row body. The method has the beneficial effects that based on the bearing performance principle of a gravity anchor, the bearing performance is improved by utilizing the characteristics of group anchors, so that the problems that an anchoring foundation is difficult to install and the bearing performance is insufficient under the batholith condition are solved; the device is simple in structure, convenient to install and good in bearing performance, the problems that an anchoring foundation is difficult to install and insufficient in bearing capacity under the batholith condition are solved, and a better benthic ecological environment is created by conducting ecological design such as ecological artificial fishing reef appearance design and ecological substratum brushing on the gravity blocks.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the mooring technology field of marine floating structures, in particular to a flexible group anchor structure and a construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the background of the strategy of building a marine power, the development of marine resources such as offshore oil and gas resources, offshore new energy and marine ranching is gradually advancing to the deep sea, and floating structures have become the main force in the field of marine resource development.

[0003] Mooring system positioning is the main positioning method of floating structures, and one of the elements of the mooring system is the anchoring structure. The mooring system provides positioning accuracy, stability and safety for the upper floating body through the mooring line, which is the key to the complete mooring system of the floating body-mooring line-anchor. The existing commonly used anchoring foundation forms include gravity anchor, pile anchor, grip anchor, suction anchor, drag anchor and gravity penetration anchor, etc. The anchoring selection is generally considered according to the comprehensive factors such as geological conditions, bearing capacity and installation capacity. Under the condition of thin overburden rock foundation, most of the anchor bodies embedded in the soil are difficult to reach the preset position due to hard soil, and the installation technology is very difficult to implement, which cannot meet the bearing demand. For example, grip anchor, suction anchor, drag anchor and gravity penetration anchor. Although the pile anchor can be constructed by means of hole expansion and rock embedding, the installation and construction cost is very high, which is not a good choice. The gravity anchor block relies on the weight and soil friction to provide bearing capacity, and its bearing capacity is limited by the weight and size of the single block, so it is mostly used in floating piers or net cage equipment with good cover conditions. In addition, the above anchor bodies will damage the local seabed environment and affect the survival of benthic organisms during construction and use.

[0004] In rock foundations with thin overburden, existing floating marine mooring systems face the following challenges: Due to the hard soil, most anchors that need to be embedded in the soil are difficult to reach their intended positions, making installation techniques extremely challenging and, consequently, unable to meet load-bearing requirements. The specific reasons are as follows: 1. Grab anchors rely on claws to penetrate the soil to provide load-bearing capacity. In rock foundations with thin overburden, the claws have difficulty gripping the anchor bed. 2. Suction anchors use negative pressure to press the anchor into the seabed. Drag anchors are installed by towing a vessel into the soil. Gravity penetration anchors utilize the anchor and booster to penetrate the soil with sufficient drop stroke. All three anchor types rely on the soil's embedding effect on the anchor to achieve load-bearing performance, making installation virtually impossible in rock foundations with thin overburden. 3. Existing pile driving technology can only drive piles into some soft rocks or highly weathered rocks. As the strength of the rock increases, driving piles becomes increasingly difficult. Although the embedding depth can be increased by expanding the hole and embedding in the rock to meet the bearing performance requirements, the construction cost is very high. Especially with the increase of water depth, the implementation becomes increasingly difficult and is not a good choice. 4. Gravity anchor blocks rely on their own weight and soil friction to provide bearing capacity. They are the most commonly used anchor type in rock foundations. However, due to the weight and size of a single block, their bearing capacity is limited. They are mostly used in floating docks or cage equipment with better shelter conditions. 5. In addition, during construction and use, the above anchor bodies will destroy the benthic environment of the local seabed and affect the survival of benthic organisms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flexible group anchor structure and a construction method thereof, which overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a flexible group anchor structure, including one or more unit group anchor structures, the unit group anchor structure includes multiple gravity blocks, the gravity blocks are connected into a mesh structure through flexible cables, each of the gravity blocks is located on the grid point of the mesh structure, the mesh structure has one or more connection points that can be connected to the connecting member, the connection points are set on the gravity blocks or the flexible cables, and multiple unit group anchor structures are connected to form a mesh row body.

[0007] Optionally, the connecting member includes a cable, and the connecting point is connected to the floating body via the cable.

[0008] Optionally, the connector further includes a connecting buckle or a connecting rope, and the connecting buckle or the connecting rope connects the plurality of unit group anchor structures through the connecting point.

[0009] Optionally, the flexible ropes include multiple transverse flexible ropes and multiple longitudinal flexible ropes, and the transverse flexible ropes and the longitudinal flexible ropes connect the gravity blocks and arrange them in a matrix manner. The mesh structure is fan-shaped, triangular, circular, elliptical, ring-shaped, rectangular or polygonal.

[0010] Optionally, the gravity block has a cavity through the outside.

[0011] Optionally, the gravity block has a hole on the surface.

[0012] Optionally, the gravity block is provided with a rubber slide stop or a convex structure on the surface in contact with the seabed, and the surface in contact with the water body is coated with an attachment base.

[0013] Optionally, the gravity block is a cuboid, a cube, a cylinder, a circular ring, a cone or any shaped solid structure.

[0014] Optionally, the gravity block is made of concrete, ecological concrete, reinforced concrete, metal material, a composite material and concrete mixture suitable for artificial fish reef, a composite material and metal material mixture suitable for artificial fish reef, or a composite material frame and weight filler suitable for artificial fish reef.

[0015] A construction method of a flexible group anchor structure, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step S1, prefabricating the gravity block on land, and connecting the gravity blocks into the flexible net-shaped structure through flexible ropes, and for the case of using multiple unit group anchor structures, multiple net-shaped structures described above need to be made;

[0017] Step S2, hoisting the net-shaped structure to the engineering sea area;

[0018] Step S3, connecting the net-shaped structure with the mooring rope on the floating body through the connection point, and directly lowering the net-shaped structure to the preset location in the designated sea area through construction equipment, and one unit group anchor structure is completed to be installed;

[0019] Step S4, for the case of using multiple unit group anchor structures, repeating steps S2 and S3 until all the required unit group anchor structures are lowered to the preset location in the designated sea area, and then connecting multiple unit group anchor structures into a net-shaped array through the connection points by the construction personnel underwater;

[0020] A construction method of a flexible group anchor structure, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Step S1, prefabricating the gravity block on land, and connecting the gravity blocks into the flexible net-shaped structure through flexible ropes, and for the case of using multiple unit group anchor structures, multiple net-shaped structures described above need to be made;

[0022] Step S2, hoisting the net-shaped structure to the transport ship;

[0023] Step S3, after the transport ship sails to the designated engineering sea area, the net structure is connected with the mooring cable on the floating body through the connecting point, the net structure is lowered into the designated sea area by the construction equipment, and one unit group anchor structure is completed installation;

[0024] Step S4, for the case of multiple unit group anchor structures, steps S2 and S3 are repeated until all required unit group anchor structures are lowered into the designated sea area, and then the multiple unit group anchor structures are connected into a net-shaped array by the connecting points under water by the construction personnel.

[0025] The application has the advantages and positive effects that: (1) the structure is based on the bearing performance principle of gravity anchor, and the bearing performance is improved by using the group anchor characteristics, the problems of difficult installation or insufficient bearing capacity of the existing anchor foundation under the rock foundation condition are solved, and a better benthic ecological environment is created through the ecological design of the ecological artificial fish reef; (2) in the marine ranch, the structure can be used as the anchoring system of the net cage structure, the net cage anchoring foundation and the artificial fish reef function are combined, a good marine three-dimensional culture system is formed, and part of the gravity block can also replace the bottom lying section anchor chain of the net cage mooring cable, reduces the sea area usage area, and saves the engineering cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is the plan view of the multi-cable connecting point anchor group structure of the application;

[0027] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the A-A sectional view in figure;

[0028] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the B-B sectional view in figure;

[0029] Figure 4 is the plan view of the single-cable connecting point anchor group structure of the application;

[0030] Figure 5 is Figure 4 the C-C sectional view in figure;

[0031] Figure 6 is Figure 4 the D-D sectional view in figure;

[0032] In the figure: 1, gravity block; 2, longitudinal rope; 3, transverse rope; 4, connecting point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the description of the application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the application and simplify the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the application. In the description of the application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be connected inside two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] The application provides a flexible group anchor structure, comprising one or more unit group anchor structures, wherein the unit group anchor structure comprises a plurality of gravity blocks 1 connected into a mesh structure by flexible ropes, the flexible ropes in the embodiment are selected to be ropes, each gravity block 1 is located on a lattice point of the mesh structure, and the mesh structure has at least one connecting point 4 capable of being connected with a connecting member, the connecting point 4 is arranged on the gravity block 1 or the rope, and the number of the unit group anchor structures is determined according to the needs of the moored floating body. For the case of anchoring one or more floating bodies with small volume and small buoyancy, one unit group anchor structure can be used for anchoring, at this time, the connecting member on the connecting point 4 is a cable connected with the floating body. When a plurality of floating bodies or a single floating body with large volume and large buoyancy are anchored, one unit group anchor structure cannot provide sufficient carrying capacity, so a plurality of unit group anchor structures need to be connected into a mesh array to jointly anchor the floating body, at this time, the unit group anchor structures are connected with each other through the connecting members such as connecting buckles or ropes connected between the connecting points.

[0035] The number of connecting points 4 in the unit group anchor structure needs to be set according to the actual needs of connection with the floating body and connection with other unit group anchor structures. If only one unit group anchor structure is used to anchor a single floating body with small volume and small buoyancy (single-anchor floating body), the number of connecting points 4 in the unit group anchor structure can be as shown in FIG. 1, that is, the number of connecting points 4 is equal to the number of gravity blocks 1 in the unit group anchor structure. Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6As shown, only one connection point 4 is provided at the edge of the net structure, if a single unit group anchor structure is connected to multiple floating bodies (single anchor multiple floating bodies), a corresponding number of connection points 4 need to be provided on the single group anchor structure, if multiple unit group anchor structures are connected to form a net-shaped array, and a single floating body (multiple anchor floating body) or multiple floating bodies (multiple anchor multiple floating body) with large volume and buoyancy are anchored, then multiple connection points 4 need to be provided on each unit group anchor structure, wherein a part of the connection points 4 in each unit group anchor structure are connected by connecting buckles or ropes, and the other part of the connection points 4 are connected to the floating body by a cable, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the connection point 4 responsible for connecting the cable can be arranged according to the actual needs of the connected floating body.

[0036] The working principle of the above group anchor structure is as follows: the floating body moves under the action of wind, wave, current and equipment operating load, the mooring cable uses the restoring stiffness to realize the positioning of the floating body, the mooring tension is generated on the mooring cable, and is transmitted to the cable connection point of the group anchor structure of the application through the cable. The mooring tension is diffused and transmitted to the flexible anchor group through the longitudinal rope and the transverse rope at the mooring point. The mooring tension is dispersed on each gravity block 1 in the anchor group, reducing the force acting on each gravity block 1, achieving the effect of common force of the anchor group. The friction and adsorption of the gravity block 1 and the seabed surface provide the anchoring bearing capacity. Under the action of the mooring cable, the gravity blocks 1 close to the cable connection point side may be pulled up. Although these gravity blocks 1 are separated from the support of the ground, the friction and adsorption force between the gravity block 1 and the seabed surface disappears, but the self-weight block 1 can still play a role, and under the action of the friction force between the remaining gravity blocks 1 and the seabed surface and the common action of the pulled-up gravity blocks 1, the positioning function of the moored floating body is realized.

[0037] In this embodiment, the ropes that together form the net structure with the gravity blocks 2 include multiple transverse ropes 3 and multiple longitudinal ropes 2, which connect the gravity blocks 1 in a matrix arrangement. The net structure in this embodiment is rectangular, and in actual application, the net structure can also be set to any shape such as fan-shaped, triangular, circular, elliptical, annular or polygonal according to the needs of the construction site.

[0038] In order to increase the ecological function of the artificial fish reef of the group anchor structure, a cavity penetrating the outside is arranged in the gravity block 1, and / or a hole is arranged on the surface of the gravity block 1, so that the organisms in the water can inhabit in the interior of the gravity block 1, and the surface of the gravity block 1 in contact with the water can be coated with an ecological attachment base, and the gravity block 1 is designed as an artificial fish reef through the ecological design of the shape, cavity, hole, opening, block arrangement and the like of the gravity block 1, so as to improve the benthic habitat and realize the ecological function. The application can be applied to the net cage anchoring in the marine ranch, the net cage anchoring base and the artificial fish reef function can be combined to form a good marine three-dimensional culture system, the group anchor can also replace the role of the bottom lying section anchor chain of the mooring rope of the net cage, and the use area of the sea area is reduced and the engineering cost is saved through the above two measures.

[0039] The rubber slide stop plate or the protruding structure is arranged on the surface of the gravity block 1 in contact with the seabed, so as to improve the friction between the block and the seabed surface, and especially in the silt and soft clay, the adsorption between the gravity block 1 and the seabed can be increased.

[0040] The gravity block 1 can be designed as a cuboid, a cube, a cylindrical type, a circular ring type, a cone or any shaped three-dimensional structure.

[0041] The gravity block 1 is made of concrete, ecological concrete, reinforced concrete, metal material, a composite material and concrete mixture suitable for artificial fish reefs, a composite material and metal material mixture suitable for artificial fish reefs or a composite material frame and weight filler suitable for artificial fish reefs.

[0042] The application provides two construction methods of the above flexible group anchor structure. For two construction conditions, one is to directly install the group anchor structure on the engineering sea area, including the following steps:

[0043] Step S1, the gravity block 1 is prefabricated on land, and the gravity blocks 1 are connected into a flexible net-shaped structure through ropes, a tool structure with a size and shape equivalent to the net-shaped structure is made, so as to support the unit group anchor structure, facilitate transportation and installation; for the case that multiple unit group anchors are used, multiple unit group anchors need to be made according to actual needs;

[0044] Step S2, the net-shaped structure is hoisted to the engineering sea area by a crane ship and the like construction equipment;

[0045] Step S3, the net-shaped structure is connected with the mooring rope on the floating body through the connecting point, and the net-shaped structure is directly lowered to the preset place in the designated sea area through the construction equipment, so that the installation of one unit group anchor structure is completed;

[0046] Step S4, for the case of multiple unit group anchor structures, repeat steps S2 and S3 until all required unit group anchor structures are lowered to the preset location in the designated sea area, and then the multiple unit group anchor structures are connected into a net-shaped array by the connecting points underwater by the construction personnel.

[0047] Another is to transport the group anchor structure to the engineering sea area by ship and then install it, including the following steps:

[0048] Step S1, prefabricate the gravity blocks on land, connect the gravity blocks into a flexible net-shaped structure by flexible ropes, make a tooling structure with a size and shape comparable to the net-shaped array to facilitate the formation of support for the unit group anchor structure, facilitate transportation and installation; for the case of multiple unit group anchor structures, multiple unit groups need to be made according to actual needs;

[0049] Step S2, the net-shaped structure is hoisted onto the transport ship by the construction equipment such as a crane ship;

[0050] Step S3, after the transport ship sails to the designated engineering sea area, the net-shaped structure is connected to the mooring ropes on the floating body through the connecting points, and the net-shaped structure is lowered to the preset location in the designated sea area by the construction equipment, and then a unit group anchor structure is installed;

[0051] Step S4, for the case of multiple unit group anchor structures, repeat steps S2 and S3 until all required unit group anchor structures are lowered to the preset location in the designated sea area, and then the multiple unit group anchor structures are connected into a net-shaped array by the connecting points underwater by the construction personnel.

[0052] The structure is based on the bearing performance principle of gravity anchors, uses the characteristics of group anchors to improve the bearing performance, thereby solving the difficult installation and insufficient bearing performance of the anchoring foundation under the rock foundation condition, and through the ecological artificial fish reef shape design of the gravity blocks, a better benthic ecological environment is created. In the marine ranch, the net cage anchoring foundation and the artificial fish reef function can be combined to form a good marine three-dimensional breeding system, and the group anchor can also replace the anchor chain of the lying bottom section of the net cage mooring rope, and through the above two measures, the sea area usage area is reduced, and the engineering cost is saved.

[0053] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above, but the content described is only the preferred embodiments of the present application and cannot be considered to limit the scope of the implementation of the present application. Any equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present application should still belong to the patent coverage of the present application.

Claims

1. A flexible group anchor structure, characterized by: It includes one or more unit group anchor structures, which include multiple gravity blocks. The gravity blocks are connected into a network structure through flexible cables. Each of the gravity blocks is located on a grid point of the network structure. The network structure has one or more connection points that can be connected to the connecting member. The connection points are set on the gravity blocks or the flexible cables. Multiple unit group anchor structures are connected to form a network row.

2. The flexible anchor group structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member includes a cable, and the connecting point is connected to the floating body via the cable.

3. The flexible anchor group structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connector further comprises a connecting buckle or a connecting rope, and the connecting buckle or the connecting rope connects a plurality of unit group anchor structures through the connecting point.

4. The flexible anchor group structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flexible cables include a plurality of transverse flexible cables and a plurality of longitudinal flexible cables, which connect the gravity blocks and arrange them in a matrix. The mesh structure is fan-shaped, triangular, circular, elliptical, ring-shaped, rectangular or polygonal.

5. The flexible anchor group structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gravity block has a cavity therein which is communicated with the outside.

6. The flexible anchor group structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Holes are provided on the surface of the gravity block.

7. The flexible anchor group structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A rubber anti-slip plate or a protruding structure is provided on the surface of the gravity block in contact with the seabed, and an adhesion base is coated on the surface of the gravity block in contact with the water body.

8. The flexible anchor group structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gravity block is a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, a ring, a cone or a three-dimensional structure of any shape.

9. The flexible anchor group structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gravity block is made of concrete, ecological concrete, reinforced concrete, metal material, a mixture of composite materials suitable for artificial fishing reefs and concrete, a mixture of composite materials suitable for artificial fishing reefs and metal materials, or a composite material frame suitable for artificial fishing reefs and a weight filling.

10. A construction method for a flexible anchor group structure according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: prefabricate the gravity blocks on land and connect the gravity blocks into the flexible mesh structure through flexible cables. If multiple unit group anchor structures are used in conjunction, multiple mesh structures need to be manufactured. Step S2, hoisting the mesh structure onto the engineering sea area; Step S3: Connect the mesh structure to the mooring cables on the floating body through the connection points, and lower the mesh structure directly to a preset location in the designated sea area using construction equipment, thereby completing the installation of a unit group anchor structure. Step S4: When multiple unit group anchor structures are used in succession, repeat steps S2 and S3 until all required unit group anchor structures are lowered to the preset locations in the designated sea area, and then the construction personnel connect the multiple unit group anchor structures into a network through the connection points underwater; Optionally, include the following steps: Step S1: prefabricate the gravity blocks on land and connect the gravity blocks into the flexible mesh structure through flexible cables. If multiple unit group anchor structures are used in conjunction, multiple mesh structures need to be manufactured. Step S2: hoisting the mesh structure onto a transport vessel; Step S3: After the transport vessel arrives at the designated engineering sea area, the mesh structure is connected to the mooring cables on the floating body through the connection points, and the mesh structure is lowered to a preset location in the designated sea area by construction equipment, thereby completing the installation of a unit group anchor structure; Step S4: When multiple unit group anchor structures are used in succession, repeat steps S2 and S3 until all required unit group anchor structures are lowered to preset locations in the designated sea area, and then the construction personnel connect the multiple unit group anchor structures into a mesh arrangement through the connection points underwater.

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