Multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight construction method which comprises the following steps: S01, construction preparation and digital modeling: constructing a parameterized model based on Rhino, optimizing glass segmentation in combination with BIM collision analysis and temperature stress simulation, and exporting data to realize digital processing of steel members; s02, the unit modules are assembled on the ground, and unitized assembling and welding of the steel members are completed on a 1: 1 lofting platform; s03, integral hoisting and positioning are carried out, and a high-altitude operation platform comprising an adjustable lifting frame, a horizontal moving track and a protective guardrail is matched with a total station to complete module installation and fixation; s04, three-dimensional scanning and glass processing, wherein triangular glass is customized and numbered after a steel skeleton is scanned to build a solid model; s05, glass installation and sealing are conducted, glass is installed according to the number, an integrated profile base with a water receiving groove and a double-channel neutral silicone sealant technology are adopted for sealing, and the problems that in traditional construction, thermal deformation of multiple materials is not coordinated, glass temperature stress is concentrated, the high-altitude operation risk is high, and precision is out of control are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of building structures and relates to a multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern architectural design, multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylights are widely used in various large public buildings and high-end commercial places such as large exhibition halls, shopping centers and the like due to their unique shape and excellent daylighting performance. Such daylighting skylights usually integrate steel skeletons, glass, aluminum profiles and the like to construct complex spatial curved surface shapes to meet architectural aesthetics and functional requirements. The diversity of the structural system and the complexity of the shape put high requirements on the construction technology. In the production and actual use process, the traditional multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight construction exposes many thorny problems. On the one hand, the multi-material combination of steel skeletons, glass, aluminum profiles and the like has a large difference in the thermal expansion coefficient, and the thermal deformation at the interface is not coordinated when the temperature changes, which leads to the cracking of the sealant joint and forms a leakage channel. Rainwater leakage not only damages indoor decoration but also may corrode steel components, reducing the structural durability. On the other hand, the irregular shape of the special-shaped curved surface glass has a serious stress concentration at the corner, edge and contact position with the steel skeleton under the action of temperature stress, which often causes glass self-explosion, threatening personnel safety and normal use of the building. From the construction process, the traditional construction usually adopts high-altitude scattered assembly, and the operation environment is complex. Human operation errors are difficult to control, which causes large component installation deviation and further aggravates the above problems. In addition, the dependence on large hoisting equipment is high, not only the rental cost is high, but also the site conditions are limited. The large amount of high-altitude work also increases the construction safety risk, and the cost is high due to frequent maintenance of leakage points and replacement of self-explosion glass in the later operation and maintenance. Through retrieval and review of relevant information, there are mainly the following solutions to the above problems. For example, patent CN202410234567.8, the patent name is a multi-dimensional adjustment special-shaped daylighting roof construction method, which adopts a multi-dimensional adjustment support rotating around a disc to realize three-dimensional six-direction positioning adjustment through the combination of upper and lower discs, sliding blocks and ear plates, which improves the installation efficiency and curved surface shape effect to a certain extent. At the same time, BIM parameterization technology is used for curved surface grid division optimization and construction simulation. This method has certain advantages in component positioning adjustment, but it still does not effectively solve the problems of multi-material thermal deformation incoordination and curved surface glass temperature stress concentration. These existing methods have improved in some aspects, but they cannot comprehensively solve the core problems of leakage, glass self-explosion, high-altitude operation risk and high cost in the traditional multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight construction. SUMMARY

[0003] The application provides a multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight construction method, and solves the technical problems of leakage hidden dangers and glass self-explosion risks caused by the uncoordinated thermal deformation of multi-material interfaces, the temperature stress concentration of curved glass, and the large high-altitude scattered assembly error in the construction of a traditional multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight, and the high construction cost, great difficulty, and high operation and maintenance cost caused by the high dependence on large hoisting equipment and the large amount of high-altitude operation.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical scheme adopted by the application is: A multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight construction method, comprising the following steps: S01 Construction preparation and digital modeling: a parametric model of the overall roof and skylight of the multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight is constructed based on Rhino software; a structure collision analysis is performed on the model by using BIM technology, a temperature stress simulation module is synchronously integrated, a temperature field distribution calculation is performed on the triangularly divided full-glass design glass, and the glass division angle and size are optimized to disperse the temperature stress; the steel component processing data in the model is exported to a digital equipment of a workshop, and the steel component is digitally cut, pre-assembled, and numbered; S02 Unit module ground assembly: a 1:1 lofting platform is built on the ground, the steel components processed in S01 are divided into multiple unit modules, and the assembly and welding of each unit module are completed on the lofting platform; S03 Unit module overall hoisting and positioning: a high-altitude operation platform is installed on the top of the support, the high-altitude operation platform comprises an adjustable lifting frame, a horizontal moving track, and a protective guardrail, the horizontal moving track is adapted to the hoisting path of the unit module, the protective guardrail has a height , and the operation platform has a bearing capacity ; the unit module assembled in S02 is hoisted to the predetermined installation position by using the high-altitude operation platform in cooperation with a hoisting device; the fixing connection of the unit module and the support is completed by positioning the skylight support by using a total station; S04 Three-dimensional scanning and glass custom processing: after all the unit modules are installed, point cloud data of the skylight steel framework is obtained by using three-dimensional laser scanning to establish an entity model; each triangular glass is cut based on the entity model and numbered; S05 Glass installation and sealing: the glass is installed on the steel framework according to the number; the glass is sealed by using an integrated profile base with a water collecting groove and a double-channel neutral silicone sealant process.

[0005] The principle and benefits of the present scheme are: Based on Rhino software, a triangular mesh element division and a double threshold dynamic topology association rule are used to construct a parameterized model, ensuring that the special-shaped surface has no error joint and the accuracy is controllable. At the same time, the BIM technology is used to integrate multi-specialty models to carry out structural collision analysis, eliminating component space conflicts in advance; the temperature stress simulation module is integrated synchronously, the glass material properties and the 50-year extreme temperature data of the project site are associated, the temperature field calculation and stress iteration optimization are carried out to disperse the temperature stress of the curved glass from the shape design. In the construction link, the steel components are converted into unit modules laid out and assembled on the ground 1:1, and the aluminum profile base, bending compensation piece and intelligent early warning anti-falling net are integrated synchronously; in the hoisting stage, the special high-altitude operation platform is used to replace the traditional large hoisting equipment, and the total station is used for accurate positioning, reducing the amount of high-altitude work and equipment dependence.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, in terms of precision control, the traditional technology relies on high-altitude scattered assembly, and the construction error often exceeds 3mm, which is easy to cause glass and skeleton to leak due to misalignment, while the present scheme realizes millimeter-level precision control from design to construction through Rhino parameterized modeling, BIM collision analysis and three-dimensional laser scanning, the coincidence degree of glass and skeleton reaches 100%, and the leakage risk is reduced by more than 90%, solving the core pain point of leakage caused by out-of-control precision of traditional technology. In terms of temperature stress treatment, the traditional all-glass skylight does not optimize the glass cutting shape, and the temperature stress of the curved glass is concentrated, which is easy to cause self-explosion, while the present scheme iteratively optimizes the cutting angle and size through the temperature stress simulation module, so that the maximum temperature stress of the glass is reduced , and the self-explosion rate is controlled to be below; in terms of construction efficiency and safety, the traditional technology needs to rely on large hoisting equipment to cover high-altitude work, and the anti-falling facility needs to be separately erected, the proportion of high-altitude work is more than , the construction cost is high and the risk is large, while the present scheme integrates and assembles the ground unit module, including the anti-falling net and the aluminum profile base, and replaces part of the large hoisting equipment with the special high-altitude operation platform, reducing the amount of high-altitude work , shortening the construction period , and the displacement warning sensor design of the anti-falling net realizes the upgrade from passive protection to active warning, avoiding the safety hazard that the traditional anti-falling net fails to be discovered in time. In terms of waterproof durability, the traditional glass+aluminum plate mixed structure has a thermal deformation difference of more than 20% due to the failure of the glue joint waterproofing, while the present scheme adopts a full-glass design with an integrated profile base with a water collecting groove and a double-sealant process, which not only eliminates the glue joint cracking problem caused by the thermal deformation difference of different materials, but also actively drains water through the water collecting groove and double-sealant protection, reducing the waterproof failure rate and operation and maintenance cost.

[0007] Further, the aluminum profile base, the bending compensation piece and the fall arrest net are integrated and installed on the unit module in the S02, the fall arrest net is connected with the steel framework through the detachable buckle, the buckle is provided with a displacement early warning sensor, the early warning is automatically triggered when the displacement of the fall arrest net exceeds the preset threshold, the fall arrest net is integrated and installed synchronously with the unit module on the ground, the process of separately erecting a temporary frame body to install the fall arrest facility in the traditional high-altitude scattered assembly construction is avoided, the high-altitude operation amount and operation time are greatly reduced, and the high-altitude falling risk is reduced; the detachable buckle considers the installation convenience and the post-maintenance flexibility, can meet the stable connection requirement of the fall arrest net in the module hoisting process, is convenient for the disassembly and resetting of the fall arrest net during the subsequent skylight maintenance, and does not need to damage the steel framework structure. From the risk early warning and prevention and control point of view, the displacement early warning sensor on the buckle can monitor the connection state of the fall arrest net in real time, when the displacement of the fall arrest net exceeds the preset threshold due to long-term stress, vibration or accidental collision, the early warning can be automatically triggered in the first time, the maintenance personnel are reminded in time to check hidden dangers, the safety accidents caused by the invalidation of the fall arrest net are avoided, and the disadvantages that the traditional fall arrest facility cannot be early warned in passive protection are solved; meanwhile, the integrated installation mode makes the aluminum profile base, the bending compensation piece and the fall arrest net form a cooperative protection system, the aluminum profile base provides basic support for subsequent glass installation and sealing, the bending compensation piece can offset the influence of the temperature deformation of the steel member on the module structure, and the fall arrest net forms bottom protection, and the three are integrated on the ground unit module, so that the installation precision and structural stability of each member are ensured.

[0008] Further, the water collecting groove of the aluminum profile base is in a U-shaped section, the length of the water collecting groove matches the side length of the steel framework of the unit module, and the inner wall of the water collecting groove is provided with a corrosion-resistant coating; the bending compensation member is made of elastic metal material, and the bending angle thereof matches the arc of the special-shaped curved surface of the steel member; the section shape of the U-shaped water collecting groove can efficiently collect the trace seepage or condensate water at the glass installation gap, so as to avoid the water seepage along the steel framework to the inside of the building; the design that the length matches the side length of the steel framework can realize seamless correspondence between the water collecting groove and the steel framework, so as to eliminate the drainage blind area caused by size misplacement; in combination with the corrosion-resistant coating on the inner wall, the profile corrosion caused by long-term immersion of rainwater and condensate water can be effectively resisted, the drainage function of the traditional water collecting groove without corrosion treatment can be avoided due to corrosion and damage, the service life of the water collecting groove is significantly prolonged, and the waterproof durability is improved; the bending compensation member is made of elastic metal material and the bending angle thereof matches the arc of the special-shaped curved surface of the steel member, so that the special-shaped curved surface of the steel framework can be closely matched to realize stable connection, the deformation characteristics of the elastic metal material can be utilized to actively offset the slight deformation of the steel member caused by temperature change or load, the installation gap caused by the traditional rigid connecting member that cannot match the special-shaped curved surface can be avoided, the problems such as stress concentration of the member, loose connection and the like caused by the deformation that cannot be compensated can be avoided, so as to further ensure the overall structural stability of the unit module, provide a flat and stable support foundation for subsequent precise installation of glass, indirectly reduce the risk of misalignment leakage of glass and framework caused by structural deformation, form a double protection system of active compensation deformation and passive efficient drainage with the U-shaped water collecting groove, and comprehensively improve the structural reliability and waterproof safety of the multi-system special-shaped daylight roof window.

[0009] Further, the point cloud data density of the three-dimensional laser scanning in S04 The size deviation between the established precise entity model of the steel framework and the actual steel framework The triangularly divided full-glass design glass is made of super-white laminated tempered glass, the maximum side length of a single glass is ≤3m, the thickness is determined according to the stress calculation of the roof window, and , The high-density point cloud data can completely capture the fine profile features of the special-shaped curved surface of the steel framework, in combination with The model size deviation control can build a solid model that is highly consistent with the actual steel frame, provide accurate data support for customized cutting of triangular glass, avoid the problem of misalignment between glass and frame caused by traditional low-precision scanning, ensure that each piece of glass can 100% match the installation position of the steel frame, and reduce the leakage risks caused by size deviation from the source; ultra-white laminated tempered glass has both high strength and high light transmittance. Its tempering treatment can improve the glass's impact resistance and temperature change resistance. The interlayer can firmly adhere to the fragments when the glass explodes accidentally, preventing the fragments from falling from a high altitude, solving the safety risks of traditional ordinary glass that is prone to self-explosion and has no protection after self-explosion; the design of a single piece of glass with a maximum side length of ≤3m is suitable for the triangular cutting requirements of special-shaped curved surfaces, and can avoid the increased difficulty of transportation and installation caused by excessive glass size, while reducing the risk of deformation of the glass due to its own excessive weight; thickness Furthermore, according to the requirements determined by force calculations, it can ensure that the glass can withstand roof loads and temperature stresses, avoid structural deformation or damage caused by insufficient glass strength, and ensure the structural stability and safety of the skylight during long-term use.

[0010] Furthermore, the S05 double-layer neutral silicone sealant includes an inner structural sealant and an outer weather-resistant sealant. The width of the inner structural sealant is 8mm, and the width of the outer weather-resistant sealant is 10mm, and a 2mm wide air permeable channel is reserved between the two layers of sealant. Before the construction of the sealant, the bonding surfaces of the glass and the aluminum profile base are degreased and dust-removed. The inner 8mm structural sealant focuses on high-strength bonding and fixing, which can firmly connect the glass to the aluminum profile base and the steel frame as a whole, resist the displacement and tension caused by temperature deformation or load of the glass, and avoid the risk of falling off caused by the lack of balance between bonding and weather-resistant functions of traditional single-layer sealants. The outer 10mm weather-resistant sealant focuses on resisting erosion from the external environment. With its excellent resistance to UV rays, high and low temperatures, and aging, it can block rainwater and dust from entering the glue seam for a long time, forming a double waterproof barrier. From the perspective of stress release and waterproof durability, the 2mm air permeable channel reserved between the two layers of sealant can effectively discharge water vapor or air generated by temperature changes inside the glue joint, avoiding cracking and bubbling of the glue joint caused by thermal expansion of gas in traditional non-vented design. At the same time, it provides a buffer space for glue joint deformation, reducing the aging failure of the sealant caused by long-term stress accumulation. Degreasing and dust removal of the bonding surface before construction can thoroughly remove oil, dust and other impurities on the surface of the glass and aluminum profile base, avoiding impurities affecting the molecular-level bonding between the sealant and the bonding surface, greatly improving the bonding strength and sealing of the sealant, and preventing problems such as glue joint detachment and water seepage due to weak bonding.

[0011] Furthermore, in said S01, a specific method for constructing a parametric model of the entire roof and skylights of a multi-system special-shaped skylight based on Rhino software is as follows: S011 divides the sunroof surface into continuous triangular grid units, each triangular unit is set as an independent parameterized component, and defines the vertex coordinates, edge length, and internal angle as drivable parameters; S012 establishes topological association rules between triangular units to ensure that the edge curvature of adjacent units is continuous and the gap ; S013. Develops a surface smoothness algorithm to make the overall surface Gaussian curvature change rate , and finally forms a parameterized model without errors; dividing the sunroof surface into independent triangular grid units with drivable parameters can achieve precise control of each unit, which not only adapts to the complex shape of special-shaped surfaces, but also provides standardized basic data for subsequent glass cutting and steel component processing, avoiding global errors caused by local modifications in traditional overall modeling; the topological association rules between triangular units are controlled by curvature continuity and gap constraints to ensure that adjacent units form an organic whole; and the surface smoothness algorithm makes the Gaussian curvature change rate , which can not only eliminate the stress concentration risk caused by local curvature mutation, but also ensure that the model surface has no errors, providing millimeter-level precision basis for digital processing of steel components and precise assembly of unit modules, reducing the on-site rework rate caused by model errors, and providing a digital benchmark for collaborative construction of multi-system special-shaped structures.

[0012] Further, the topological association rules are: by setting a double-threshold dynamic constraint algorithm on the common edge of adjacent triangular units, that is: Curvature continuity threshold constraint: extract the curvature radius value of the edge of adjacent units 、 , when , it is determined that the curvature is continuous, otherwise a transition surface piece is automatically generated for smooth connection; Gap adaptive compensation: set an elastic variable interval of 0.1mm-0.3mm at the midpoint of the common edge, when the gap is generated due to processing errors, the system automatically calls the preset edge contour correction function to adjust the vertex coordinates of the non-common edge of the triangular unit to make the gap return to , while keeping the overall surface Gaussian curvature change rate ; For non-continuous triangular units caused by surface mutation, a rigid connection node with a 45° chamfer is automatically generated; through iterative optimization, the overall surface Gaussian curvature change rate , and finally forms a parameterized model without errors; the curvature continuity threshold constraint accurately determines the surface continuity by quantifying the curvature radius difference ratio, and cooperates with the automatically generated transition surface piece to avoid glass stress concentration caused by curvature mutation; the gap adaptive compensation mechanism adjusts the non-common edge vertex through a 0.1mm-0.3mm elastic interval, which not only absorbs processing errors, but also ensures that the gap returns to , and keeps the overall curved Gaussian curvature stable, which guarantees the model accuracy and reserves reasonable tolerance space for subsequent construction. The design of the 45° chamfer rigid connection node for the curved surface mutation scene breaks through the topological limit that the traditional triangular mesh must be completely continuous. Through parameterized chamfer and dynamic adjustment mechanism, the adaptability of the model to the design form and the inclusiveness to the construction error are greatly improved, providing a basic model with precision and flexibility for subsequent digital processing of steel members and customized cutting of glass. Finally, the size deviation control ability of the whole construction of the skylight is improved compared with the traditional method, while the rework rate caused by the complexity of the curved surface is reduced.

[0013] Further, the BIM technology structure collision analysis includes collision checking of steel members and glass installation space, node collision checking between steel members, and adaptability checking of aluminum profile base and steel skeleton. The collision position is optimized in structure. The collision checking of steel members and glass installation space can find the space overlap problem of glass and steel skeleton in the installation path or final position in advance, avoid the size adaptation error caused by installing the skeleton first and then cutting the glass in traditional construction, and ensure the accurate matching of the reserved installation gap of glass and skeleton. The node collision checking between steel members can focus on the size interference of the connection part, eliminate the risk of rigid collision by optimizing the node structure, and ensure the feasibility and structural strength of welding or bolt connection. The adaptability checking of aluminum profile base and steel skeleton focuses on verifying the fit of the base installation surface and the curved surface of the steel skeleton. By correcting the base profile or adjusting the local form of the steel skeleton, installation looseness or waterproof failure caused by poor fit is avoided.

[0014] Further, in S01, the glass material thermophysical property parameters and the extreme temperature data of the project location are associated in the BIM model, the temperature field distribution calculation of the triangularly divided full-glass design glass is performed, the solar radiation heat conduction path in different seasons and different time periods is simulated, and a glass surface temperature gradient cloud chart is generated. The system calculates the stress distribution of each triangular glass panel under temperature fluctuations and analyzes the stress concentration coefficients at the glass corners, edges, and contact points with the steel frame. It automatically and iteratively adjusts the cutting angles and side lengths of the triangular glass panels, simulating the solar radiation heat conduction path in different seasons and time periods and generating temperature gradient cloud maps. This intuitively displays the local temperature differences on the glass surface caused by changes in sunlight angle and ambient temperature, avoiding the stress calculation errors caused by the average temperature assumption in traditional design. The system calculates the stress distribution of each triangular glass panel under temperature fluctuations, focusing on stress concentration areas such as corners, edges, and contact points with the steel frame. This accurately locates high-risk stress points in the glass under extreme temperature fluctuations, providing targeted targets for subsequent optimization. Automatically and iteratively adjusting the cutting angles and side lengths of the glass panels dynamically disperses stress values ​​in high-risk areas, preventing local stresses exceeding the allowable value of the glass due to a single size or angle design. This fundamentally reduces the probability of glass explosion caused by temperature stress, ensuring the lighting performance and aesthetic effect of the all-glass design while providing scientific support for the long-term structural safety of the skylight. It also reduces the subsequent operation and maintenance costs and safety hazards caused by glass explosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a process framework diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, a construction method of a multi-system special-shaped skylight includes the following steps: S01 Construction Preparation and Digital Modeling: A parametric model of the entire roof and skylights of a multi-system of special-shaped skylights was constructed using Rhino software. Structural collision analysis of the model was performed using BIM technology, with a simultaneous integration of a temperature stress simulation module. The temperature distribution of the triangularly cut, all-glass design was calculated, and the glass cut angles and sizes were optimized to disperse temperature stress. The steel component processing data in the model was exported to the factory's digital equipment for digital cutting, pre-assembly, and numbering of the steel components. S02 Unit Module Ground Assembly: Build a 1:1 layout platform on the ground, divide the steel components processed in S01 into multiple unit modules, and complete the assembly and welding of each unit module on the layout platform; S03 unit module overall hoisting and positioning: install the high-altitude operating platform on the top of the support. The high-altitude operating platform includes an adjustable lifting frame, a horizontal moving track and a protective guardrail. The horizontal moving track is adapted to the hoisting path of the unit module. The height of the protective guardrail is , and the operating platform carrying capacity ; Use the aerial operating platform and lifting equipment to hoist the unit module assembled in S02 to the predetermined installation location; use the total station to locate the skylight support and complete the fixed connection between the unit module and the support; S04 Three-dimensional scanning and glass custom processing: after all the unit modules are installed, use three-dimensional laser scanning to obtain the point cloud data of the skylight steel framework, and establish a solid model; based on the solid model, each triangular glass is cut and numbered; S05 Glass installation and sealing: install the glass onto the steel framework according to the number; use an integrated profile base with a water collecting groove and a double-channel neutral silicone sealant process for sealing.

[0017] The principle and benefits of the present scheme are: Based on Rhino software, a triangular mesh unit division and a double-threshold dynamic topology correlation rule are used to construct a parameterized model, ensuring that the special-shaped curved surface has no wrong seams and the precision is controllable. At the same time, BIM technology is used to integrate multi-specialty models to carry out structural collision analysis, eliminating component space conflicts in advance. A temperature stress simulation module is integrated simultaneously, correlating the glass material properties and 50-year extreme temperature data of the project location, dispersing the temperature stress of the curved glass in the form of design through temperature field calculation and stress iteration optimization. In the construction link, the steel components are converted into unit modules laid out and assembled on the ground 1:1, and the aluminum profile base, bending compensation parts and intelligent early warning anti-falling net are integrated simultaneously; in the hoisting stage, special high-altitude operation platforms are used to replace traditional large hoisting equipment, and precise positioning is achieved with a total station, reducing the amount of high-altitude work and equipment dependence.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, in terms of precision control, the traditional technology relies on high-altitude scattered assembly, and the construction error often exceeds 3mm, which easily leads to glass and framework misalignment and leakage. However, the present scheme realizes millimeter-level precision control from design to construction through Rhino parameterized modeling, BIM collision analysis and three-dimensional laser scanning, and the glass and framework fit degree reaches 100%, reducing the leakage risk by more than 90%, solving the core pain point of leakage caused by precision loss of control in traditional technology. In terms of temperature stress treatment, the traditional all-glass skylight does not optimize the glass cutting form, and the temperature stress of the curved glass is concentrated, which easily leads to self-explosion. However, the present scheme iteratively optimizes the cutting angle and size through the temperature stress simulation module, reducing the maximum temperature stress of the glass , and the self-explosion rate is controlled to be below. In terms of construction efficiency and safety, the traditional technology needs to rely on large hoisting equipment to cover high-altitude work, and the anti-falling facilities need to be separately erected, with a high-altitude work proportion of more than , high construction cost and high risk. However, the present scheme integrates and assembles the ground unit modules, including the anti-falling net and the aluminum profile base, and replaces part of the large hoisting equipment with a special high-altitude operation platform, reducing the amount of high-altitude work , and shortening the construction period Meanwhile, the displacement early warning sensor of the anti-falling net realizes the upgrade from passive protection to active early warning, avoiding the safety hazards that cannot be found in time after the failure of the traditional anti-falling net. In terms of waterproof durability, the traditional mixed structure of glass and aluminum plate is not coordinated due to thermal deformation, and the failure rate of the glue joint waterproof is more than 20%. However, the full-glass design of the present scheme cooperates with the integrated profile base with a water groove and the double-sealant process, which not only eliminates the glue joint cracking problem caused by the thermal deformation difference of different materials, but also reduces the waterproof failure rate and operation and maintenance cost through active drainage of the water groove and double protection of the sealant.

[0019] The aluminum profile base, the bending compensation piece and the anti-falling net are integrated and installed on the unit module in S02, the anti-falling net is connected with the steel framework through a detachable buckle, and the buckle is provided with a displacement early warning sensor, which automatically triggers an early warning when the displacement of the anti-falling net exceeds the preset threshold. The anti-falling net is integrated and installed on the ground synchronously with the unit module, avoiding the process of separately erecting a temporary frame to install the anti-falling facility in the traditional high-altitude scattered assembly construction, greatly reducing the amount and length of high-altitude work, and reducing the risk of high-altitude falling. The detachable buckle design takes into account the convenience of installation and the flexibility of later maintenance, which can not only meet the stable connection needs of the anti-falling net during module hoisting, but also facilitate the disassembly and resetting of the anti-falling net during subsequent skylight maintenance without damaging the steel framework structure. From the perspective of risk early warning and prevention and control, the displacement early warning sensor on the buckle can monitor the connection state of the anti-falling net in real time, and when the anti-falling net produces displacement exceeding the preset threshold due to long-term stress, vibration or accidental collision, it can automatically trigger an early warning in the first time, timely reminding the maintenance personnel to investigate hidden dangers and avoiding safety accidents caused by the failure of the anti-falling net, solving the disadvantages of passive protection of traditional anti-falling facilities without early warning. Meanwhile, the integrated installation method forms a collaborative protection system of the aluminum profile base, the bending compensation piece and the anti-falling net, the aluminum profile base provides basic support for subsequent glass installation and sealing, the bending compensation piece can offset the influence of temperature deformation of steel components on the module structure, and the anti-falling net forms bottom protection, which are integrated on the ground unit module to ensure the installation precision and structural stability of each component.

[0020] The cross-section of the water receiving trough of the aluminum profile base is U-shaped, the length of the water receiving trough matches the side length of the steel frame of the unit module, and the inner wall of the water receiving trough is provided with an anti-corrosion coating; the bending compensation part is made of elastic metal material, and its bending angle is adapted to the curvature of the special-shaped curved surface of the steel component. The cross-sectional shape of the U-shaped water receiving trough can efficiently collect trace water seepage or condensation at the glass installation gap, and prevent water from penetrating into the interior of the building along the steel frame. The design of matching the length with the side length of the steel frame can achieve seamless correspondence between the water receiving trough and the steel frame, eliminating drainage blind spots caused by size dislocation, and cooperating with the anti-corrosion coating on the inner wall, which can effectively resist the rust of the profile caused by long-term immersion in rainwater and condensation water, and avoid the loss of drainage function of the traditional water receiving trough without anti-corrosion treatment due to rust and damage, significantly extending the service life of the water receiving trough and improving waterproof durability; Bending The compensation parts are made of elastic metal and the bending angle is adapted to the curvature of the special-shaped curved surface of the steel component. It can not only fit closely to the special-shaped curved surface of the steel frame to achieve a stable connection, but also use the deformation characteristics of the elastic metal to actively offset the slight deformation of the steel component under temperature changes or loads, avoiding installation gaps caused by the inability of traditional rigid connectors to adapt to special-shaped surfaces, or stress concentration and loose connections caused by the inability to compensate for deformation, thereby ensuring the overall structural stability of the unit module, and providing a flat and stable support foundation for the subsequent precise installation of glass, indirectly reducing the risk of leakage due to misalignment between glass and frame due to structural deformation, and forming a dual protection system of active compensation for deformation and passive and efficient drainage with the U-shaped water trough, comprehensively improving the structural reliability and waterproof safety of multi-system special-shaped skylights.

[0021] Point cloud data density of the 3D laser scanning in S04 , the dimensional deviation between the established steel skeleton precise solid model and the actual steel skeleton The triangular-cut full-glass design glass adopts ultra-clear laminated tempered glass, and the maximum side length of a single piece of glass is , the thickness is determined according to the skylight force calculation and , The high-density point cloud data can fully capture the subtle contour features of the steel skeleton's special-shaped curved surface. The model size deviation control can build a solid model that is highly consistent with the actual steel frame, providing accurate data support for customized cutting of triangular glass, avoiding the problem of misalignment between glass and frame caused by traditional low-precision scanning, ensuring that each piece of glass can 100% match the installation position of the steel frame, and reducing the leakage risks caused by size deviation from the source; ultra-white laminated tempered glass has both high strength and high light transmittance. Its tempering treatment can improve the glass's impact resistance and temperature change resistance. The interlayer can firmly adhere to the fragments when the glass explodes accidentally, preventing the fragments from falling from high altitude, solving the safety risks of traditional ordinary glass that is prone to self-explosion and has no protection after self-explosion; the maximum side length of a single piece of glass The design is suitable for the triangular segmentation requirement of the special-shaped surface, avoids the increase of transportation and installation difficulty caused by the oversize glass, and reduces the deformation risk of the glass caused by the oversize weight of the glass; the thickness According to the requirement determined by stress calculation, the glass can bear the roof load and temperature stress, avoids the structural deformation or damage caused by the insufficient strength of the glass, and guarantees the structural stability and safety of the skylight in long-term use.

[0022] The S05 double-channel neutral silicone sealant includes an inner structural adhesive and an outer weather-resistant adhesive, the width of the inner structural adhesive is 8 mm, the width of the outer weather-resistant adhesive is 10 mm, and a 2-mm-wide air passage is reserved between the two channels of the sealant; the bonding surface of the glass and the aluminum profile base is subjected to degreasing and dust removal treatment before the sealant is constructed, the 8-mm-wide inner structural adhesive mainly plays a high-strength bonding and fixing role, can firmly connect the glass, the aluminum profile base and the steel framework as a whole, resist the displacement tension of the glass caused by temperature deformation or load, and avoid the falling risk caused by the insufficient bonding and weather-resistant functions of the traditional single-channel sealant; the 10-mm-wide outer weather-resistant adhesive is specially designed to resist the environmental erosion, has excellent ultraviolet resistance, high and low temperature resistance and aging resistance, can long-term block the rainwater and dust from entering the inside of the sealant joint, and forms a double waterproof barrier. From the stress release and waterproof durability, the 2-mm-wide air passage reserved between the two channels of the sealant can effectively discharge the water vapor or air in the sealant joint caused by temperature change, avoid the sealant joint cracking and bubbling problem caused by the thermal expansion of the gas in the traditional air passage-free design, provide a buffer space for the deformation of the sealant joint, and reduce the aging failure of the sealant caused by long-term stress accumulation; the degreasing and dust removal treatment of the bonding surface before the construction can completely remove the oil stains, dust and other impurities on the surface of the glass and the aluminum profile base, avoid the impurities affecting the molecular-level combination of the sealant and the bonding surface, greatly improve the bonding strength and sealing performance of the sealant, and prevent the sealant joint from being separated, water seepage and other problems caused by the poor bonding.

[0023] In the S01, the specific method for constructing the parameterized model of the whole roof and the skylight of the multi-system special-shaped daylighting skylight is as follows: S011. The skylight surface is divided into continuous triangular grid units, each triangular unit is set as an independent parameterized component, and the vertex coordinates, edge length and internal angle are defined as drivable parameters; S012. The topological association rules between the triangular units are established to ensure that the edge curvatures of the adjacent units are continuous and the gaps between the units are small; S013. The surface smoothness algorithm is developed, and the whole surface Gaussian curvature change rate , the final formation of no error parameterized model of joint; the sunroof surface is divided into independent triangular grid unit with driveable parameters, which can realize the accurate control of each unit, adapt to the complex shape of special-shaped surface, and provide standardized basic data for subsequent glass cutting and steel member processing, avoiding the global error caused by local modification in traditional overall modeling; the topological correlation rule between triangular units is controlled by curvature continuity and gap constraint, ensuring that adjacent units form an organic whole; and the surface smoothness algorithm makes the Gaussian curvature change rate , which can not only eliminate the stress concentration risk caused by local curvature mutation, but also ensure that the model surface has no error, provide millimeter-level precision basis for digital processing of steel members and accurate assembly of unit modules, reduce the on-site rework rate caused by model error, and provide digital reference for collaborative construction of multi-system special-shaped structure.

[0024] The topological correlation rule is: by setting a double-threshold dynamic constraint algorithm on the common edge of adjacent triangular units, that is: Curvature continuity threshold constraint: extract the curvature radius value of the edge of adjacent units 、 When , it is determined that the curvature is continuous, otherwise a transition surface piece is automatically generated for smooth connection; Gap adaptive compensation: set an elastic variable interval of at the midpoint of the common edge, when the gap between adjacent units is caused by processing error, the system automatically calls the preset edge contour correction function to adjust the vertex coordinates of the non-common edge of the triangular unit to make the gap return to , while keeping the overall surface Gaussian curvature change rate ; For non-continuous triangular units caused by surface mutation, a rigid connection node with 45° chamfer is automatically generated; through iterative optimization, the overall surface Gaussian curvature change rate , the final formation of no error parameterized model of joint; the curvature continuity threshold constraint accurately determines the surface continuity by quantifying the curvature radius difference ratio, and cooperates with the automatically generated transition surface piece to avoid glass stress concentration caused by curvature mutation; the gap adaptive compensation mechanism adjusts the non-common edge vertex through the elastic interval and the fine adjustment, which absorbs the processing error while ensuring that the gap returns to , and the overall curved Gaussian curvature is stable, which guarantees the model accuracy and reserves reasonable fault tolerance space for subsequent construction; the design of the 45° chamfer rigid connection node for the curved surface mutation scene breaks through the topological limit that the traditional triangular grid must be completely continuous, and through parameterized chamfer and dynamic adjustment mechanism, the adaptability of the model to the design form and the inclusiveness of the model to the construction error are greatly improved, which provides a basic model with precision and flexibility for subsequent digital processing of steel members and customized cutting of glass, and finally improves the size deviation control ability of the whole construction of the skylight compared with the traditional method, while reducing the rework rate caused by the complexity of the curved surface.

[0025] The BIM technology structure collision analysis includes collision checking of steel members and glass installation space, node collision checking between steel members, and adaptability checking of aluminum profile base and steel skeleton. The collision position is optimized in structure, the collision checking of steel members and glass installation space can find the space overlap problem of glass and steel skeleton in the installation path or final position in advance, avoid the size adaptation error caused by installing the skeleton first and then cutting the glass in traditional construction, and ensure the accurate matching of the reserved installation gap of glass and skeleton; the node collision checking between steel members can focus on the size interference of the connection part, eliminate the risk of rigid collision by optimizing the node structure, and guarantee the feasibility and structural strength of welding or bolt connection; the adaptability checking of aluminum profile base and steel skeleton focuses on verifying the fit of the base installation surface and the curved surface of the steel skeleton, and through correcting the base profile or adjusting the local form of the steel skeleton, it avoids the installation looseness or waterproof failure caused by poor fit.

[0026] In S01, the glass material thermophysical property parameters are associated with the 50-year extreme temperature data of the project location in the BIM model, the temperature field distribution calculation of the triangularly divided full-glass design glass is performed, the solar radiation heat conduction path in different seasons and different time periods is simulated, and a glass surface temperature gradient cloud chart is generated. The stress distribution of each triangular glass under temperature change is calculated, the stress concentration coefficients of the glass corner, edge and contact position with the steel skeleton are analyzed, the cutting angle and edge length size of the triangular glass are automatically iteratively adjusted, the heat conduction path of solar radiation in different seasons and different time periods is simulated and a temperature gradient cloud map is generated, the local temperature difference distribution of the glass surface caused by the sun angle and the change of the ambient temperature can be directly presented, and the stress calculation deviation caused by the average temperature assumption in the traditional design is avoided; the stress distribution of each triangular glass under temperature change is calculated, and the analysis coefficient of the stress concentration area such as the corner, the edge and the contact with the steel skeleton is focused, so that the high-risk stress point of the glass under extreme temperature change can be accurately positioned, and a targeted target for subsequent optimization is provided; through the automatic iterative adjustment of the glass cutting angle and edge length size, the stress value of the high-risk area can be dynamically dispersed, the local stress exceeding the allowable value of the glass caused by the single size or angle design is avoided, the probability of glass self-explosion caused by temperature stress is fundamentally reduced, the daylighting performance and aesthetic effect of the all-glass design are ensured, the structural safety of the skylight for long-term use is scientifically supported, and the post-operation and maintenance cost and safety hidden danger caused by glass self-explosion are reduced.

[0027] In actual use, I. Construction preparation and digital modeling 1.1 Parameterized model construction Modeling is carried out based on Rhino7.0 software, and the specific steps are as follows: S011 Triangular mesh element division: according to the principle of priority division of minimum curvature area, the special-shaped surface of the skylight is cut into continuous triangular mesh elements, the single element length is 1.2-2.5m, each element is set as an independent parameterized component, the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertex are defined, the accuracy is ±0.1mm, the edge length and the internal angle are the drivable parameters, and the element boundary is consistent with the surface streamline.

[0028] S012 Topological correlation rule setting: a double-threshold dynamic constraint algorithm is used to establish the correlation between elements: Curvature continuity threshold constraint: the curvature radius of the common edge of adjacent elements is extracted , When , it is determined that the curvature is continuous; if the threshold is exceeded, the system automatically generates a transition curved surface piece with a radius of 100mm to smoothly connect, avoiding curvature mutation.

[0029] Gap adaptive compensation: 0.1-0.3mm elastic variable interval is reserved at the midpoint of the common edge, if a gap is generated due to machining error, the system calls the edge contour correction function to fine-tune the non-common edge vertex coordinates, the single adjustment amount , so that the gap returns to , while maintaining the overall surface Gaussian curvature change rate .

[0030] Rigid connection node processing: For the discontinuous triangular elements at the curved mutation, such as the connection between the skylight and the roof, a steel connection node with a 45° chamfer and a chamfer radius of 5mm is automatically generated to ensure the rigidity of the structure.

[0031] S013 Surface smoothness optimization: Develop a "curvature iterative optimization algorithm" to adjust the triangular element vertex position through 10-15 cycles to stabilize the overall surface Gaussian curvature change rate at 3% / m, and finally form a parameterized model without error seams. The model export format is IGES, and the precision level is 0.01mm.

[0032] 1.2 BIM collaborative analysis and optimization Structure collision analysis: Import Rhino model into Revit2024, integrate structure, curtain wall, and mechanical and electrical professional models, and carry out three types of collision checking: Steel member and glass installation space collision: Focus on checking the clearance between glass hoisting path and steel skeleton, requiring ≥50mm, and optimizing the steel member section for 3 insufficient clearance parts, adjusting H-shaped steel 200x100 to 180x90.

[0033] Steel member node collision: Check the spatial interference of bolted joints, and redesign the node plate for 2 overlapping bolt hole parts with an eccentricity of 15mm.

[0034] Aluminum profile base and steel skeleton adaptability: Simulate the fit of the base installation surface and the steel skeleton curve, and correct the profile of the base to arc shape for 5 areas with a fit gap >1mm, with the same curvature as the steel skeleton.

[0035] Temperature stress simulation: Correlate the thermal conductivity of super-white laminated tempered glass in the BIM model , import the 50-year extreme temperature data of the project location, the highest July average temperature , the lowest January average temperature , the extreme temperature difference , calculate the temperature field by ABAQUS software: Simulate the heat conduction path under solar radiation at 12:00 in summer, with irradiance , generate a cloud chart of glass surface temperature gradient, and find that the corner temperature difference reaches 8℃, which is prone to stress concentration.

[0036] Calculate the stress distribution of each piece of glass under ±42℃ temperature change, and the corner stress concentration coefficient reaches 1.8, which exceeds the allowable stress of 12MPa. By automatically adjusting the cutting angle, the original 60° angle is adjusted to 75° and the side length, so that the maximum temperature stress is reduced to 8MPa, meeting the safety requirements.

[0037] 1.3 Steel member digital processing The optimized model is exported to the steel component (Q355B steel, including main keel, secondary keel, connecting node) processing data, including cutting path, drilling coordinates, welding bevel angle to the factory numerical control equipment (CNC cutting machine, five-axis machining center), complete digital cutting; 1:1 pre-splicing is carried out on the factory pre-assembly platform, and after positioning by the total station and confirming the coincidence of all components, the number is numbered, such as "KL-01-03" represents the 3rd segment of the main keel in the 1st area, and the anticorrosive primer and the epoxy zinc-rich paint with a thickness of 80 μm are sprayed.

[0038] II. Unit module ground assembly 2.1 Lofting platform construction Hardening the ground at the construction site, bearing capacity Construction of 1:1 lofting platform: 20mm thick steel plate is laid on the platform base, leveled by level, flatness error ; based on the coordinate data derived from the Rhino model, the contour line of the unit module is popped up on the platform, the ink line accuracy , and the positioning reference points are set, one every 5m, fixed with steel nails.

[0039] 2.2 Unit module division and assembly The steel components are divided into 16 unit modules, each module covering an area of about , weight , adapting to the lifting capacity of the hoisting equipment, and assembled according to the following steps: First step: main keel installation: place the main keel according to the lofting line, fix it on the platform positioning block by spot welding, and correct the perpendicularity and spacing with the total station.

[0040] Second step: secondary keel and node connection: install the secondary keel, connect it with the main keel through bolts, tighten with torque wrench; weld the connecting node plate, use gas shielded welding, weld leg height 8mm, 100% penetration detection after welding, no cracks are qualified.

[0041] Third step: integration of auxiliary components: pre-install three types of components on each module: Aluminum profile base: fixed on the secondary keel by self-tapping screw, the base inner wall of the water tank is sprayed with polytetrafluoroethylene anticorrosive coating, thickness .

[0042] Bend compensation piece, the bend compensation piece is 65Mn spring steel, thickness 3mm, bend angle consistent with the curved surface of the steel skeleton: welded at the intersection of the main keel and the secondary keel, compensating for temperature deformation.

[0043] Fall arrest net: fixed under the secondary keel through detachable buckle, with displacement early warning sensor inside, model DS-200, accuracy ±0.1mm, sound and light alarm triggered when displacement exceeds 3mm (decibel ≥85dB).

[0044] 2.3 Module quality detection After assembly, the key dimensions of each module are detected by total station, such as diagonal length, curved surface curvature, component spacing, diagonal error , curved surface curvature deviation ; ultrasonic flaw detection (UT) is carried out on the welded joints, with a qualified rate of 100%; simulate hoisting conditions, apply vertical load of 5kN through jack, detect module deflection , L is the module span, and it meets the design requirements after pasting module number label corresponding to steel component number.

[0045] Three, unit module overall hoisting and positioning High-altitude operation platform installation Install high-altitude operation platform on the skylight support, which is embedded in the roof concrete beam, made of Q345 steel, and the platform consists of three parts: Adjustable lifting frame: adopt hydraulic lifting system, stroke 1.5m, bearing , fixed on the support by bolts, lifting accuracy , used to adjust the height of the platform to adapt to the hoisting requirements.

[0046] Horizontal moving track: adopt I-beam (model 16#), bolted to the top of the lifting frame, the length of the track is consistent with the hoisting path of the unit module, a smooth transition plate with a thickness of 10mm is welded at the joint of the track to avoid jamming.

[0047] Protective guardrail: welded with steel pipe, height 1.2m, horizontal bar spacing 300mm, 180mm high footboard at the bottom, 20mm thick anti-slip steel plate (bearing capacity ) on the platform, and safety rope hooks are installed every 2m.

[0048] Module hoisting and positioning Hoisting preparation: select 25t truck crane, operation radius 12m, rated lifting capacity 8t, equipped with steel wire rope and shackle; weld 4 lifting points on the top of the unit module, and set reinforcing plates (thickness 10mm) at the lifting points to prevent component deformation during hoisting.

[0049] Overall hoisting: through the horizontal moving track of the high-altitude operation platform, cooperate with the truck crane to slowly lift the module to the roof height, and translate along the track to the predetermined installation position (deviation ); positioning the skylight support by total station (accuracy ±1mm), adjusting the height of the lifting frame, aligning the module connection hole with the support bolt hole (deviation ).

[0050] Fixed connection: high-strength bolts are inserted ( ), and a torque wrench is used to tighten them in three times, with initial torque , re-torque , and final torque , with a torque detection qualification rate of ; the bolt connection node is sprayed with anticorrosive finish paint (chlorinated rubber paint, thickness ), and the module is fixed.

[0051] Module splicing acceptance After all 16 unit modules are installed, overall positioning detection is carried out using a total station, with a module-to-module joint gap of , a curved surface overall flatness error of , meeting the design requirements; the roof drainage slope is detected by a level, with no risk of water accumulation; the anti-falling net displacement sensor is triggered to confirm that the alarm function is normal.

[0052] Four, three-dimensional scanning and glass customization processing Steel skeleton three-dimensional laser scanning After the steel skeleton is installed and accepted, a FARO Focus S70 three-dimensional laser scanner (accuracy ±0.1mm) is used to scan the skylight steel skeleton in full size: The scanning range covers all the surfaces of the steel skeleton, with a scanning density of , to ensure capturing the fine contours of the curved surface (such as the protrusions of the welded joints and the gaps between profiled sections).

[0053] The point cloud data is exported to Geomagic DesignX software, and through the process of "point cloud denoising → triangulation modeling → solidification", a precise solid model of the steel skeleton is established, with a size deviation from the actual skeleton of (better than the design requirement of 0.5mm).

[0054] Triangular glass customization processing Based on the precise solid model, each triangular glass is customized for cutting: The vertex coordinates, edge length, and internal angle data of each glass are extracted to generate a cutting path with an accuracy of , which is sent to the glass processing plant CNC cutting machine for cutting, with a 2mm radius of the edge rounding to prevent edge collapse.

[0055] The cut glass is subjected to tempering treatment and lamination, with a glass flatness error of and a lamination layer bubble rate of After passing the test, the number corresponds to the steel skeleton module number, such as "BL-01-03" represents the first area of the third block of glass.

[0056] V. Glass installation and sealing Glass positioning and installation Preparation for installation: clean the water groove of the aluminum profile base on the steel skeleton, paste EPDM rubber strip on the inside of the base to enhance sealing; check the correspondence between the glass number and the steel skeleton module number to ensure no misinstallation.

[0057] Glass hoisting: use electric suction cups with a rated suction force of 15kN, symmetrically arrange 4 suction cups to slowly hoist the glass to the installation position, make the glass edge embedded in the U-shaped groove of the aluminum profile base with a depth of 15mm, correct the flatness of the glass with a level, and fix it with temporary blocks (plastic material) after adjusting the gap.

[0058] 5.2 Double sealant construction Use "inside structural adhesive + outside weather-resistant adhesive" double sealing process, the specific steps are as follows: Adhesive surface treatment: wipe the adhesive surface of the glass and aluminum profile base with acetone to ensure surface cleanliness; after the acetone evaporates for about 10 minutes, apply silane coupling agent with a thickness of 5μm to enhance the adhesion of the sealant.

[0059] Inside structural adhesive construction: choose neutral silicone structural adhesive, type SS611, modulus 0.4MPa, use a glue gun to evenly apply glue along the inside gap of the glass, glue width 8mm, glue height 10mm, ensure that the glue joint is full and free of bubbles; after applying glue, use a scraper to flatten the glue joint in the direction of the glue joint, making the glue joint tightly adhere to the adhesive surface.

[0060] Outside weather-resistant adhesive construction: after the structural adhesive is cured for 24 hours, the curing environment temperature is 15-25℃, the relative humidity , choose neutral silicone weather-resistant adhesive, type SS621, weather-resistant grade 20 years, apply glue along the outside gap of the glass, glue width 10mm, error ±0.5mm, glue height 12mm; reserve a 2mm wide air passage between the two glue lines with a 2mm diameter PE rod, remove it after applying glue, which is used to exhaust the water vapor inside the glue joint.

[0061] Sealant maintenance: after the sealant construction is completed, set up warning signs, and maintain ; after the maintenance is completed, detect the glue joint quality: cut the glue sample with a knife, observe the cross section without bubbles and faults; through the water tightness test, the spray pressure , last , no water leakage is qualified.

[0062] Finished product acceptance Appearance acceptance: check the glass surface for no scratches, length of scratches , sealing glue joint is flat, height difference , and water channel is not deformed. Performance detection: pass air tightness test (pressure difference ± 50 Pa, air leakage ), water tightness test (no water leakage), wind pressure resistance test (simulating wind speed , maximum deflection of glass , no damage). The overall shape of the installed glass is scanned by three-dimensional laser, and the deviation from the design model is , the coincidence of glass and steel skeleton is 100%, and there is no wrong joint leakage risk.

[0063] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and the common knowledge of specific structures and properties in the scheme is not described in detail. The ordinary skilled person in the art knows all the ordinary technical knowledge in the field of the present application before the filing date or the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary skilled person in the art can improve and implement the present scheme based on their own ability under the guidance of the present application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for the ordinary skilled person in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application. These will not affect the effect and practicality of the present application. The protection scope of the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation mode in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for a multi-system special-shaped skylight, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S01 Construction Preparation and Digital Modeling: A parametric model of the entire roof and skylights of a multi-system of special-shaped skylights was constructed using Rhino software. Structural collision analysis of the model was performed using BIM technology, with a simultaneous integration of a temperature stress simulation module. The temperature distribution of the triangularly cut, all-glass design was calculated, and the glass cut angles and sizes were optimized to disperse temperature stress. The steel component processing data in the model was exported to the factory's digital equipment for digital cutting, pre-assembly, and numbering of the steel components. S02 Unit Module Ground Assembly: Build a 1:1 layout platform on the ground, divide the steel components processed in S01 into multiple unit modules, and complete the assembly and welding of each unit module on the layout platform; S03 unit module overall hoisting and positioning: install the high-altitude operating platform on the top of the support. The high-altitude operating platform includes an adjustable lifting frame, a horizontal moving track and a protective guardrail. The horizontal moving track is adapted to the hoisting path of the unit module. The height of the protective guardrail is , and the operating platform carrying capacity ; Use the aerial operating platform and lifting equipment to hoist the unit module assembled in S02 to the predetermined installation location; use the total station to locate the skylight support and complete the fixed connection between the unit module and the support; S04 3D scanning and custom glass processing: After all unit modules are installed, 3D laser scanning is used to obtain point cloud data of the skylight steel frame and build a solid model. Based on the solid model, each triangular glass is cut and numbered. S05 Glass installation and sealing: Install the glass onto the steel frame according to the number; use an integrated profile base with a water trough and a double-layer neutral silicone sealant process for sealing.

2. The construction method of a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unit module in S02 is integrated with an aluminum profile base, a bending compensation part and an anti-fall net. The anti-fall net is connected to the steel frame through a detachable clip, and the clip is provided with a displacement warning sensor, which automatically triggers an alarm when the anti-fall net is displaced beyond a preset threshold.

3. The construction method of a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water receiving trough of the aluminum profile base has a U-shaped cross-section, the length of the water receiving trough matches the side length of the steel frame of the unit module, and the inner wall of the water receiving trough is provided with an anti-corrosion coating; the bending compensation part is made of elastic metal material, and its bending angle is adapted to the curvature of the special-shaped curved surface of the steel component.

4. The method for constructing a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: Point cloud data density of the 3D laser scanning in S04 , the dimensional deviation between the established steel skeleton precise solid model and the actual steel skeleton The triangular-cut full-glass design glass adopts ultra-clear laminated tempered glass, and the maximum side length of a single piece of glass is , the thickness is determined according to the skylight force calculation and .

5. The construction method of a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S05 double-layer neutral silicone sealant includes an inner structural sealant and an outer weather-resistant sealant. The inner structural sealant is 8mm wide, the outer weather-resistant sealant is 10mm wide, and a 2mm wide air permeable channel is reserved between the two layers of sealant. Before the sealant is applied, the bonding surfaces of the glass and aluminum profile base are degreased and dusted.

6. The construction method of a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: In said S01, the specific method of constructing the parametric model of the whole roof and skylight of the multi-system special-shaped skylight based on Rhino software is as follows: S011 divides the skylight surface into continuous triangular mesh units. Each triangular unit is set as an independent parameterized component, defining vertex coordinates, side lengths, and internal angles as drivable parameters. S012 Establish the topological association rules between triangular units to ensure that the edge curvature of adjacent units is continuous and the gaps are ; S013 developed a surface smoothness algorithm, and optimized the Gaussian curvature change rate of the entire surface through iterative optimization. , and finally form a parameterized model without any misalignment; Specific methods for using BIM technology to perform structural collision analysis on models: The collision detection accuracy was set to 0.1 mm, and three-dimensional collision scanning was performed on the connection nodes between steel components, the installation gap between glass and steel frames, and the contact points between the aluminum profile base and steel components. For areas with irregular curved surfaces, a layered slicing analysis method is used for collision detection. A collision report is automatically generated and the collision type is marked. Three or more structural optimization schemes are automatically proposed for hard collision points, and the optimal scheme is selected through the visual comparison function of the BIM platform.

7. The construction method of a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 6, characterized in that: The topological association rule is: a dual-threshold dynamic constraint algorithm is set on the common edges of adjacent triangle units, namely: Curvature continuity threshold constraint: extract the curvature radius value of the adjacent cell edges 、 ,when When the curvature is determined to be continuous, otherwise a transition surface patch is automatically generated for smooth connection; Gap adaptive compensation: set at the midpoint of the common edge When gaps are generated between adjacent units due to machining errors, the system automatically calls the preset edge contour correction function and adjusts the vertex coordinates of the non-common edges of the triangular units to return the gap to , while maintaining the rate of change of the overall surface Gaussian curvature ; Topology fault tolerance mechanism: Automatically generate rigid connection nodes with 45° chamfers for discontinuous triangular units caused by surface mutations; develop surface smoothness algorithm, and optimize the Gaussian curvature change rate of the overall surface through iterative optimization. , and finally a seamless parametric model is formed.

8. The method for constructing a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM technology structural collision analysis includes collision checks between steel components and glass installation spaces, node collision checks between steel components, and compatibility checks between aluminum profile bases and steel frames, and structural optimization of collision locations.

9. The method for constructing a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edges of the customized triangular glass are rounded with a radius of 2mm, and the surface of the glass is covered with a scratch-resistant protective film. A special fixing frame is used during the transportation of the glass, and a buffer rubber pad is set at the contact point between the fixing frame and the glass.

10. The construction method of a multi-system special-shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S01, the thermophysical performance parameters of the glass material and the extreme temperature data of the project location are associated in the BIM model, the temperature field distribution of the triangularly cut all-glass design glass is calculated, the solar radiation heat conduction path in different seasons and different time periods is simulated, and a temperature gradient cloud map of the glass surface is generated; Calculate the stress distribution of each triangular glass under temperature changes, focusing on analyzing the stress concentration coefficient at the corners, edges and contact points of the glass with the steel frame.

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