A stepwise laser assisted rock breaking drill and method for lunar base extreme environments

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of lunar exploration equipment, and provides a step-by-step laser-assisted rock breaking drill and method for lunar base extreme environment, the drill comprises a conversion disc, a rock drilling tool and a laser head, the laser head and the rock drilling tool are integrated in the same drill structure through the conversion disc, the laser or mechanical rock breaking mode can be switched according to the working condition, and step-by-step rock breaking is realized. The drill is suitable for the extreme environment of low gravity, vacuum, high dust and large temperature change of the moon, has the advantages of compact structure, flexible switching and high energy utilization rate, and can be widely applied to lunar soil stripping, lunar rock mining, underground structure detection and lunar base construction and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lunar exploration equipment technology, specifically relating to a step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill and method for use in extreme lunar environments. Background Technology

[0002] When conducting lunar regolith stripping, underground space excavation, and resource extraction on the lunar surface, technical challenges often arise in efficiently breaking up hard lunar rocks and drilling with low energy consumption. Limited by the extreme environment of the moon, including vacuum, alternating high and low temperatures, and insufficient gravity, traditional drilling tools suffer from low drilling efficiency, severe wear, and complex structures. Laser rock breaking technology has received widespread attention in recent years due to its non-contact and high energy density advantages; however, its use alone suffers from low energy utilization and the inability to achieve efficient core sampling.

[0003] Therefore, proposing a combined drilling tool and method that organically combines laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking functions and adapts to the complex working conditions of the lunar base is of great significance for improving the efficiency of lunar base construction and achieving efficient resource acquisition. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill and method for lunar-based extreme environments, thereby resolving the issues in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0005] A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking method for use in extreme lunar environments includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Deploy the step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill bit;

[0007] Step S2: Select the working location, align the rock drilling tool with the target rock mass, and start the impact drilling function;

[0008] Step S3: The rock breaking efficiency is judged by the feedback system. When the rock mass is difficult to break, the conversion disk is adjusted to aim the laser head at the target rock mass.

[0009] Step S4: The laser-assisted rock-breaking function is activated by the laser head, causing cracks to appear in the rock and weakening its strength.

[0010] Step S5: readjust the conversion disc again, align the rock drilling tool with the target rock mass, and start the impact drilling function until the breaking effect is achieved.

[0011] A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments, employing the aforementioned step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking method for lunar-based extreme environments, includes a switching disc, a rock-drilling tool, and a laser head;

[0012] The rock drilling tool and the laser head are mounted on the switching plate. The switching plate is used to rotate and switch between the rock drilling tool and the laser head to achieve the function of switching between laser or mechanical rock breaking mode.

[0013] Furthermore, the laser head includes a housing, a fiber optic spool, an optical fiber, a collimating lens, a focusing lens, and a protective lens; the top of the housing is connected to the conversion disk, and the fiber optic spool, collimating lens, focusing lens, and protective lens are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the housing; an optical fiber is arranged on the fiber optic spool, the optical fiber is connected to the laser source, the optical fiber is connected to the collimating lens, and the laser emitted from it passes through the focusing lens and the protective lens in sequence, and is emitted from the bottom of the housing.

[0014] Furthermore, the rock drilling tool includes a drill body, a connecting block, a vertical guide rail, a pressure block, a slide rod, a fixed cylinder, a first return spring, and a linear drive device;

[0015] The drill bit body is mounted on the conversion disc. The connecting block is connected to the top side of the drill bit body. The connecting block is slidably mounted on the vertical guide rail. The connecting block is fixedly connected to the pressure block. The bottom of the pressure block is fixedly connected to the slide rod. The bottom of the slide rod is slidably mounted inside the fixed cylinder. The bottom of the fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to the conversion disc. A first return spring is provided inside the fixed cylinder to abut against the bottom of the slide rod. The linear drive device is located directly above the pressure block. The linear drive device is used to push the pressure block downwards, so that the drill bit body moves downwards.

[0016] Furthermore, the conversion disk is rotatably mounted on the base, and the base is provided with a main drive device for driving the conversion disk to rotate;

[0017] The laser head is slidably connected to the conversion disk, which is used to rotate so that the laser head and the drill body alternately pass under the main drive device, thereby realizing the function of the main drive device to push the laser head and the drill body to move downwards respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, a positioning cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the conversion disk, and a positioning rod is slidably provided inside the positioning cylinder. A stop block is fixedly connected to the top of the positioning rod, and a second return spring is sleeved on the positioning rod. The two ends of the second return spring abut against the stop block and the positioning cylinder, respectively.

[0019] The bottom of the positioning rod can slide through the conversion disk and is fixedly connected to the top of the laser head.

[0020] Furthermore, the drill body includes a pressure rod, a mounting plate, a motor, a limiting rod, a connecting mechanism, a pressure head, a third return spring, a fixing ring, a drill bit, and an outer sleeve;

[0021] The bottom of the conversion disc is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve, and the pressure head is slidably arranged inside the outer sleeve. The bottom of the pressure head is fixedly connected to the drill bit, which is located below the outer sleeve. The inner side of the bottom of the outer sleeve is fixedly connected to the fixing ring. The pressure head is T-shaped, and the third return spring is arranged between the T-shaped part and the fixing ring.

[0022] The limiting rod is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure head. The limiting rod is slidably inserted into the blind hole at the bottom of the pressure rod. The bottom of the pressure rod slidably passes through the conversion plate and is located inside the outer sleeve. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the pressure rod. A motor for driving the pressure rod to rotate is mounted on the mounting plate. The connecting block is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate.

[0023] The connecting mechanism is provided between the upper end face of the pressure head and the lower end face of the pressure rod. When the pressure rod rotates, the pressure rod moves up and down reciprocally through the connecting mechanism to realize the impact rock drilling function of the drill bit.

[0024] Furthermore, the connecting mechanism includes a pressure-bearing wheel and a toothed portion;

[0025] Multiple pressure-bearing wheels are installed at the bottom of the pressure rod, and multiple protruding teeth are fixedly connected to the top of the pressure head. A pressure-bearing wheel is arranged between two adjacent protruding teeth to form a meshing relationship. The pressure-bearing wheels and the protruding teeth are distributed around the axis of the pressure rod and the pressure head.

[0026] Furthermore, the top of the pressure head is provided with a groove to accommodate the protruding teeth, and a threaded hole is provided at the bottom of the groove. A screw is connected in the threaded hole, and the screw is used to adjust the height of the protruding teeth extending out of the top surface of the pressure head, so as to realize the function of adjusting the amplitude.

[0027] Furthermore, the linear drive device is mounted on a dustproof housing, the dustproof housing is fixedly connected to the base, and a dustproof cavity is formed between the dustproof housing and the base. The top of the drill body, the positioning cylinder, and the main drive device are all located inside the dustproof cavity.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: By integrating laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking, and combining a rotatable and switchable conversion disk, the present invention can flexibly switch working modes when facing complex and ever-changing lunar rock structures, improve rock breaking efficiency and the reliability of the operating system, and provide key equipment support for tasks such as lunar base construction, lunar rock stripping and deep geological exploration. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for use in extreme lunar environments.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of mechanical drilling and rock breaking;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of laser-assisted rock breaking;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the laser head;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the laser head structure;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a rock drilling tool.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the stop block positioned directly below the linear drive unit.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the pressure-bearing wheel and the toothed part;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the screw and the toothed part;

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Converter plate; 2. Rock drilling tool; 3. Laser head; 4. Laser; 5. Hard rock block; 6. Laser pre-splitting crack; 31. Second return spring; 32. Stop block; 33. Housing; 34. Fiber optic reel; 35. Fiber optic cable; 36. Collimating lens; 37. Focusing lens; 38. Protective lens; 39. Positioning cylinder; 310. Positioning rod; 21. Dustproof housing; 22. Linear drive device; 23. Base; 24. Main drive device; 25. Pressure rod; 26. Vertical guide rail; 27. Mounting plate; 28. Motor; 29. ​​Pressure block; 210. Connecting block; 211. Pressure block; 212. Slide rod; 213. Fixed cylinder; 214. First return spring; 215. Limiting rod; 216. Connecting mechanism; 217. Pressure head; 218. Third return spring; 219. Fixed ring; 220. Drill bit; 221. Outer sleeve; 2161. Pressure wheel; 2162. Protruding tooth; 2163. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following will be based on embodiments of the present invention. Figures 1-9 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0041] like Figure 1 A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking method for lunar-based extreme environments includes the following steps:

[0042] Step S1: Deploy the step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill bit;

[0043] Step S2: Select the working location, align the rock drilling tool with the target rock mass, and start the impact drilling function;

[0044] Step S3: The rock breaking efficiency is judged by the feedback system. When the rock mass is difficult to break, the conversion disk is adjusted to aim the laser head at the target rock mass.

[0045] Step S4: The laser-assisted rock-breaking function is activated by the laser head, causing cracks to appear in the rock and weakening its strength.

[0046] Step S5: readjust the conversion disc again, align the rock drilling tool with the target rock mass, and start the impact drilling function until the breaking effect is achieved.

[0047] Specifically, the step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill can be deployed on lunar rovers, exploration equipment, and lunar-based facilities. It can be operated manually or using an unmanned vehicle. This invention monitors the rock-breaking status in real time through a feedback system, which can include pressure sensors, torque sensors, and displacement sensors. The system detects the actual operating status of the drill. When the drill is not operating smoothly and the rock mass is difficult to break, the rotary switch plate switches to the laser head, using laser light to create cracks and weaken the rock. The system then switches back to drilling mode until the rock-breaking operation is complete.

[0048] There are two main types of targets encountered when coring lunar samples: lunar regolith and lunar rocks. Drilling lunar regolith primarily uses footage monitoring, generally maintaining a constant feed rate while monitoring drilling pressure. A sudden increase in drilling pressure indicates a possible encounter with hard rock, at which point laser assistance is used. Alternatively, both footage and drilling pressure can be monitored; if the drill bit feed remains constant, it suggests a stuck drill bit, and drilling is stopped. Drilling lunar rocks primarily uses drilling pressure control, generally maintaining a constant feed rate. A constant feed rate indicates a possible stuck drill bit.

[0049] like Figures 2-4 A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments, employing the aforementioned step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking method for lunar-based extreme environments, includes a conversion disc 1, a rock-drilling tool 2, and a laser head 3;

[0050] The rock drilling tool 2 and the laser head 3 are mounted on the conversion disk 1. The conversion disk 1 is used to rotate and switch between the rock drilling tool 2 and the laser head 3 to achieve the function of switching between laser or mechanical rock breaking modes.

[0051] In lunar rock-breaking operations, this invention employs a mechanical method (rock drill 2) to impact and break up loose layers or medium-hard rock masses when the drill bit encounters them. When encountering high-hardness or intact boulders, the system switches to laser mode, using a laser head 3 to pre-treat the rock mass, causing it to fracture and break up before switching back to mechanical mode to complete the rock-breaking operation. This step-by-step process can be controlled via a closed-loop logic control system or remotely operated from the ground. When a mode switch is needed, the conversion disk 1 rotates, aligning the rock drill 2 or laser head 3 with the work position to complete the mode switch. Figure 5 , Figure 6 Laser head 3 forms laser pre-cracks 6 on hard rock block 5.

[0052] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 The laser head 3 includes a housing 33, an optical fiber spool 34, an optical fiber 35, a collimating lens 36, a focusing lens 37, and a protective lens 38. The top of the housing 33 is connected to the conversion disk 1. The optical fiber spool 34, collimating lens 36, focusing lens 37, and protective lens 38 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the housing 33. An optical fiber 35 is arranged on the optical fiber spool 34. The optical fiber 35 is connected to the laser source. The optical fiber 35 is connected to the collimating lens 36. The laser 4 emitted from it passes through the focusing lens 37 and the protective lens 38 in sequence and is emitted from the bottom of the housing 33.

[0053] The laser beam generated by the laser source is transmitted to the collimating lens 36 via the optical fiber 35, which converts the divergent beam into parallel light. Then, it is focused into a high-energy spot by the focusing lens 37. Finally, after being isolated by the lunar dust by the protective lens 38, it is emitted from the bottom of the outer shell 33 to the surface of the target rock mass, causing the rock to thermally fracture. The laser source is an existing technology, such as a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser, and the laser wavelength, power and other parameters emitted by it can be adjusted according to the actual rock breaking requirements.

[0054] like Figures 7-10 The present invention also includes another embodiment of the rock drilling tool 2, namely, the rock drilling tool 2 includes a drill body, a connecting block 210, a vertical guide rail 26, a pressure block 211, a slide rod 212, a fixed cylinder 213, a first return spring 214 and a linear drive device 22;

[0055] The drill bit body is mounted on the conversion disc 1. The top side of the drill bit body is connected to the connecting block 210. The connecting block 210 is slidably mounted on the vertical guide rail 26. The connecting block 210 is fixedly connected to the pressure block 211. The bottom of the pressure block 211 is fixedly connected to the slide rod 212. The bottom of the slide rod 212 is slidably mounted inside the fixed cylinder 213. The bottom of the fixed cylinder 213 is fixedly connected to the conversion disc 1. A first return spring 214 is provided inside the fixed cylinder 213 to abut against the bottom of the slide rod 212. The linear drive device 22 is provided directly above the pressure block 211. The linear drive device 22 is used to push the pressure block 211 downward so that the drill bit body moves downward.

[0056] The linear drive device 22 is existing technology, such as an electric push rod, which pushes the pressure block 211 downward, and drives the connecting block 210 to slide along the vertical guide rail 26 through the slide rod 212, so that the drill body is pressed down until the drill bit 220 contacts the rock. The first return spring 214 plays a reset role. When the linear drive device 22 rises to reset, the drill body rises to reset under the action of the first return spring 214.

[0057] Furthermore, the conversion disk 1 is rotatably mounted on the base 23, and the base 23 is provided with a main drive device 24 for driving the conversion disk 1 to rotate.

[0058] The laser head 3 is slidably connected to the conversion disk 1. The conversion disk 1 is used to rotate so that the laser head 3 and the drill body alternately pass under the main drive device 24, thereby realizing the function of the main drive device 24 pushing the laser head 3 and the drill body to move downward respectively.

[0059] The main drive device 24 is based on existing technology, such as a stepper motor. It can drive the conversion disk 1 to rotate via a gear set. A gear ring can be arranged around the conversion disk 1, and the gear ring meshes with a gear. The gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the main drive device 24. The main drive device 24 is vertically set, and its output end can be fixedly connected to the pressure block 29 for applying pressure. When the laser head 3 (stop block 32) rotates to be directly below the main drive device 24, the main drive device 24 presses down the positioning rod 310, causing the laser head 3 to descend to the working height. When switching to the rock drilling mode, the conversion disk 1 causes the pressure block 211 to rotate to be directly below the main drive device 24. The main drive device 24 pushes the pressure block 211, which drives the rock drilling tool 2 to feed through the slide rod 212.

[0060] This invention utilizes the same power source (linear drive device 22) to achieve vertical feeding of the laser head 3 and the drill body, which can adapt to the feeding requirements of the drill body and also allows the laser 4 generated by the laser head 3 to be closer to the rock, resulting in more concentrated energy. The integrated design of this invention reduces the number of drive components, lowers energy consumption and failure points, and makes the overall structure of the drill compact, adapting to the limited installation space of platforms such as lunar rovers.

[0061] Furthermore, a positioning cylinder 39 is fixedly connected to the top of the conversion disk 1, and a positioning rod 310 is slidably provided inside the positioning cylinder 39. A stop block 32 is fixedly connected to the top of the positioning rod 310, and a second return spring 31 is sleeved on the positioning rod 310. The two ends of the second return spring 31 abut against the stop block 32 and the positioning cylinder 39, respectively.

[0062] The bottom of the positioning rod 310 can slide through the conversion disk 1 and is fixedly connected to the top of the laser head 3.

[0063] When the laser head 3 is in operation, the positioning rod 310 slides downward inside the positioning cylinder 39, compressing the second reset spring 31. The positioning cylinder 39 and the positioning rod 310 form a guide mechanism to ensure that the laser head 3 moves vertically. When the linear drive device 22 moves upward to reset, the second reset spring 31 pushes the stop block 32 to rise to achieve the reset function.

[0064] Furthermore, the drill body includes a pressure rod 25, a mounting plate 27, a motor 28, a limiting rod 215, a connecting mechanism 216, a pressure head 217, a third return spring 218, a fixing ring 219, a drill bit 220, and an outer sleeve 221;

[0065] The bottom of the conversion disk 1 is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 221. The pressure head 217 is slidably disposed inside the outer sleeve 221. The bottom of the pressure head 217 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 220, which is located below the outer sleeve 221. The fixing ring 219 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the outer sleeve 221. The pressure head 217 is T-shaped, and the third return spring 218 is disposed between the T-shaped part and the fixing ring 219.

[0066] The top of the pressure head 217 is fixedly connected to the limiting rod 215, the limiting rod 215 is slidably inserted into the blind hole at the bottom of the pressure rod 25, the bottom of the pressure rod 25 slidably passes through the conversion disk 1 and is located inside the outer sleeve 221, the top of the pressure rod 25 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 27, the mounting plate 27 is equipped with a motor 28 for driving the pressure rod 25 to rotate, and the side of the mounting plate 27 is fixedly connected to the connecting block 210;

[0067] The connecting mechanism 216 is provided between the upper end face of the pressure head 217 and the lower end face of the pressure rod 25. When the pressure rod 25 rotates, the pressure rod 25 moves up and down through the connecting mechanism 216 to realize the impact rock drilling function of the drill bit 220.

[0068] Furthermore, the connecting mechanism 216 includes a pressure-bearing wheel 2161 and a toothed portion 2162;

[0069] Multiple pressure rollers 2161 are installed at the bottom of the pressure rod 25, and multiple protruding teeth 2162 are fixedly connected to the top of the pressure head 217. A pressure roller 2161 is arranged between two adjacent protruding teeth 2162 to form a meshing relationship. The pressure rollers 2161 and the protruding teeth 2162 are distributed around the axis of the pressure rod 25 and the pressure head 217.

[0070] In practice, the motor 28 drives the pressure rod 25 to rotate. The pressure roller 2161 at the bottom of the pressure rod 25 rolls along the toothed portion 2162 of the pressure head 217, pushing the pressure head 217 to overcome the resistance of the third return spring 218 and impact downwards. When the pressure roller 2161 rolls past the apex of the tooth, the third return spring 218 pushes the pressure head 217 to return to its original position, forming a vibration impact cycle. The drill bit 220 contacts the rock mass in a rotating and linear reciprocating motion. The limiting rod 215 is inserted into the blind hole at the bottom of the pressure rod 25 to limit the axial direction of the pressure head 217 and ensure that the impact direction is perpendicular. The fixing ring 219 cooperates with the "T"-shaped structure of the pressure head 217 to form the support point of the return spring. The connecting mechanism 216 converts the rotational motion of the pressure rod 25 into the reciprocating linear motion of the pressure head 217. The linear drive device 22 continues to push the pressure block 211 downwards at this time, providing downward pressure to the drill bit 220, ultimately realizing the vibration impact rock breaking of the drill bit 220. The outer sleeve 221 serves the functions of dust prevention and fixation.

[0071] During rock breaking, if the rock mass is hard, the pressure head 217 will have difficulty vibrating and impacting under the support of the rock mass, and will only generate rotational motion. Therefore, the mode can be changed to use the laser head 3 to assist in rock breaking. Accordingly, pressure sensors and displacement sensors can be installed on the top of the pressure head 217 to identify the movement state of the pressure head 217 and thus determine the hardness of the rock mass. Additionally, a feed sensor and displacement sensor can be installed on the pressure rod 25, a torque sensor on the motor 28, and a pressure sensor on the linear drive device 22 to comprehensively determine the hardness of the rock mass.

[0072] In the vacuum environment of the lunar surface, this invention's impact mechanism generates stable impact force, which, combined with laser-induced cracks, significantly improves fragmentation efficiency. Furthermore, this invention employs a mechanical structure to achieve the vibration impact of the drill bit 220, rather than conventional pneumatic or hydraulic structures. This is to avoid the failure of pneumatic or hydraulic structures due to pressure and temperature variations in the extreme lunar environment. Using pneumatic or hydraulic impact structures on the moon requires greater consideration of sealing performance, increasing manufacturing costs. Meanwhile, the mechanical structure offers higher reliability and stability, adapting to the complex environment of the lunar surface. Moreover, the modular design of this invention facilitates the replacement of vulnerable parts such as the drill bit 220, meeting the maintenance needs of long-term exploration missions.

[0073] Furthermore, the top of the pressure head 217 is provided with a groove to accommodate the protruding tooth 2162, and a threaded hole is provided at the bottom of the groove. A screw 2163 is connected in the threaded hole. The screw 2163 is used to adjust the height of the protruding tooth 2162 extending out of the top surface of the pressure head 217, so as to realize the function of adjusting the amplitude.

[0074] By rotating the screw 2163, the height of the protruding tooth 2162 extending from the top surface is adjusted, thereby changing the vertical displacement of the pressure wheel 2161 when it rolls, thus adjusting the impact amplitude of the pressure head 217 to meet the rock breaking requirements of large amplitude for hard rock and small amplitude for soft rock.

[0075] Furthermore, the linear drive device 22 is mounted on the dustproof housing 21, the dustproof housing 21 is fixedly connected to the base 23, and a dustproof cavity is formed between the dustproof housing 21 and the base 23. The top of the drill body, the positioning cylinder 39, and the main drive device 24 are all located in the dustproof cavity.

[0076] The dustproof outer shell 21 and the base 23 form a closed dustproof cavity, which seals the connecting block 210, positioning cylinder 39, main drive device 24 and other components on the top of the drill body, preventing lunar dust from entering.

[0077] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, substitutions, or variations made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments, characterized in that, It includes a conversion disc (1), a rock drilling tool (2), and a laser head (3); The rock drilling tool (2) and the laser head (3) are installed on the switching disk (1). The switching disk (1) is used to rotate and switch the rock drilling tool (2) and the laser head (3) to realize the function of switching between laser or mechanical rock breaking mode. The rock drilling tool (2) includes a drill body, a connecting block (210), a vertical guide rail (26), a pressure block (211), a slide rod (212), a fixed cylinder (213), a first return spring (214), and a linear drive device (22). The drill bit body is mounted on the conversion disc (1). The top side of the drill bit body is connected to the connecting block (210). The connecting block (210) is slidably mounted on the vertical guide rail (26). The connecting block (210) is fixedly connected to the pressure block (211). The bottom of the pressure block (211) is fixedly connected to the slide rod (212). The bottom of the slide rod (212) is slidably mounted inside the fixed cylinder (213). The bottom of the fixed cylinder (213) is fixedly connected to the conversion disc (1). A first return spring (214) is provided inside the fixed cylinder (213) to abut against the bottom of the slide rod (212). The linear drive device (22) is provided directly above the pressure block (211). The linear drive device (22) is used to push the pressure block (211) downward so that the drill bit body moves downward. The drill body includes a pressure rod (25), a mounting plate (27), a motor (28), a limit rod (215), a connecting mechanism (216), a pressure head (217), a third return spring (218), a retaining ring (219), a drill bit (220), and an outer sleeve (221). The bottom of the conversion disc (1) is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (221). The pressure head (217) is slidably disposed inside the outer sleeve (221). The bottom of the pressure head (217) is fixedly connected to the drill bit (220), which is located below the outer sleeve (221). The inner bottom of the outer sleeve (221) is fixedly connected to the fixing ring (219). The pressure head (217) is "T" shaped, and the third return spring (218) is disposed between the "T" shaped part and the fixing ring (219). The top of the pressure head (217) is fixedly connected to the limiting rod (215), the limiting rod (215) is slidably inserted into the blind hole at the bottom of the pressure rod (25), the bottom of the pressure rod (25) slidably passes through the conversion disc (1) and is located inside the outer sleeve (221), the top of the pressure rod (25) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (27), the mounting plate (27) is equipped with a motor (28) for driving the pressure rod (25) to rotate, and the side of the mounting plate (27) is fixedly connected to the connecting block (210). The connecting mechanism (216) is provided between the upper end face of the pressure head (217) and the lower end face of the pressure rod (25). When the pressure rod (25) rotates, the pressure rod (25) moves up and down through the connecting mechanism (216) to realize the impact rock drilling function of the drill bit (220).

2. The step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser head (3) includes a housing (33), an optical fiber spool (34), an optical fiber (35), a collimating lens (36), a focusing lens (37), and a protective lens (38). The top of the housing (33) is connected to the conversion disk (1). The optical fiber spool (34), collimating lens (36), focusing lens (37), and protective lens (38) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the housing (33). An optical fiber (35) is arranged on the optical fiber spool (34). The optical fiber (35) is connected to the laser source. The optical fiber (35) is connected to the collimating lens (36). The laser (4) emitted by the laser passes through the focusing lens (37) and the protective lens (38) in sequence and is emitted from the bottom of the housing (33).

3. The step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conversion disk (1) is rotatably mounted on the base (23), and the base (23) is provided with a main drive device (24) for driving the conversion disk (1) to rotate. The laser head (3) is slidably connected to the conversion disk (1). The conversion disk (1) is used to rotate so that the laser head (3) and the drill body alternately pass under the main drive device (24), thereby realizing the function of the main drive device (24) pushing the laser head (3) and the drill body to move downward respectively.

4. A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the conversion disk (1) is fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder (39), and a positioning rod (310) is slidably provided inside the positioning cylinder (39). The top of the positioning rod (310) is fixedly connected to the stop block (32), and a second return spring (31) is sleeved on the positioning rod (310). The two ends of the second return spring (31) abut against the stop block (32) and the positioning cylinder (39) respectively. The bottom of the positioning rod (310) can slide through the conversion disk (1) and be fixedly connected to the top of the laser head (3).

5. A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism (216) includes a pressure-bearing wheel (2161) and a toothed part (2162). Multiple bearing wheels (2161) are installed at the bottom of the pressure rod (25), and multiple protruding teeth (2162) are fixedly connected to the top of the pressure head (217). A bearing wheel (2161) is arranged between two adjacent protruding teeth (2162) to form a meshing relationship. The bearing wheels (2161) and the protruding teeth (2162) are distributed around the axis of the pressure rod (25) and the pressure head (217).

6. A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the pressure head (217) is provided with a groove to accommodate the protruding tooth (2162), and a threaded hole is provided at the bottom of the groove. A screw (2163) is connected in the threaded hole. The screw (2163) is used to adjust the height of the protruding tooth (2162) extending out of the top surface of the pressure head (217) to achieve the function of adjusting the amplitude.

7. A step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, The linear drive device (22) is installed on the dustproof housing (21), and the dustproof housing (21) is fixedly connected to the base (23). A dustproof cavity is formed between the dustproof housing (21) and the base (23). The top of the drill body, the positioning cylinder (39), and the main drive device (24) are all located in the dustproof cavity.

8. A step-by-step laser-assisted rock breaking method for lunar-based extreme environments, applied to the step-by-step laser-assisted rock breaking drill tool for lunar-based extreme environments described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Deploy the step-by-step laser-assisted rock-breaking drill bit; Step S2: Select the working location, align the rock drilling tool with the target rock mass, and start the impact drilling function; Step S3: The rock breaking efficiency is judged by the feedback system. When the rock mass is difficult to break, the conversion disk is adjusted to aim the laser head at the target rock mass. Step S4: The laser-assisted rock-breaking function is activated by the laser head, causing cracks to appear in the rock and weakening its strength. Step S5: readjust the conversion disc again, align the rock drilling tool with the target rock mass, and start the impact drilling function until the breaking effect is achieved.

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