Integrated solution method and system for efficient excavation and supporting of underground space

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground space efficient excavation and support integrated solution method and system, and aims to optimize the underground space construction process through an innovative technology and an intelligent means and solve the problems of high safety risk, low construction efficiency, difficulty in quality control and the like in a traditional method. According to the system, segmented excavation and supporting are synchronously carried out, automatic equipment efficiently and cooperatively works, an intelligent sensor is installed, and big data analysis is integrated, so that the system can monitor changes of pressure, displacement, cracks and the like of a soil body in real time, automatically recognize potential risks and make a response in advance, and the accident occurrence probability is remarkably reduced. And after construction is completed, long-term monitoring and maintenance are conducted, and long-term safe and stable operation of the underground space is guaranteed. According to the solution, the construction efficiency and safety of underground space excavation and supporting are improved, the cost is effectively reduced, and a reproducible technical framework is provided for underground space engineering in the future.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of underground space excavation and support, more particularly to an efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The excavation and support of underground space often face complex geological conditions, including soil type, rock structure, groundwater conditions, and the influence of the surrounding environment. Under different geological conditions, the construction is difficult and risky. The complex geotechnical structure, groundwater problems, and environmental impact pose many safety hazards during underground excavation construction, such as soil collapse and construction personnel safety. Traditional underground space excavation and support methods rely heavily on manual operation and traditional equipment, and the construction progress is usually slow, making it difficult to improve efficiency. Specific challenges include long construction period, reliance on manual operation, and equipment coordination problems. Quality control of underground space construction is relatively complex, especially in terms of support structure and lining construction. The construction area of underground space is usually not easy to access and observe, making it difficult to conduct real-time and comprehensive quality inspection of the construction process. An innovative and systematic solution is urgently needed to improve the safety, efficiency, and quality of construction through the integration of modern technology, reduce environmental impact, and achieve sustainable development of underground space construction. SUMMARY

[0003] An efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution, comprising the following steps: S1. Geological survey and environmental assessment: Conduct a comprehensive geological survey to understand the physical properties of underground soil and rock, groundwater conditions, and potential risks (such as landslides, earthquakes, etc.), and assess the surrounding environment to avoid affecting surrounding buildings and infrastructure. Based on the geological survey data, develop a reasonable excavation and support design scheme, considering the use of excavation techniques (such as shield, tunneling machine, or blasting) and support techniques (such as pre-stressed anchor, steel support, etc.). Design also needs to consider groundwater treatment, ventilation, drainage, and emergency evacuation auxiliary systems. Use BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology to create a three-dimensional model and simulate the excavation and support process to foresee potential problems such as spatial conflicts and equipment access, thereby optimizing the design. S2. Construction preparation phase: Select excavation and support equipment according to the design scheme, including shield machines, rapid tunneling machines, automated drilling machines, and intelligent support systems to ensure that the equipment performance is suitable for the geological conditions on site. Train construction personnel to understand the standard operating procedures and safety precautions for excavation and support. S3. Excavation stage: Adopting the method of segmented excavation, that is, excavating and supporting the soil in segments to avoid collapse caused by large-area soil exposure. The process is divided into three stages: pre-supporting, excavation, and lining. During construction, wireless sensors and monitoring equipment are installed to monitor the pressure and displacement of the surrounding soil in real time, adjust the support structure, and perform lining while excavating to avoid excessive gaps that may cause surface subsidence. Immediately after excavation, supporting is performed to ensure that the soil does not deform or collapse due to excavation. Automatic support equipment, pre-stressed anchor rods, and steel support facilities are used to adjust the support force in real time. S4. Support construction stage: The support system needs to be dynamically adjusted based on excavation progress and soil pressure. The support force and structure are automatically adjusted based on real-time data to ensure stability. Reinforced concrete lining is used to reinforce the inner wall of the tunnel or underground space to ensure the stability of the overall structure. Through segmented construction, excavation, support, and lining are gradually performed to form a cyclic operation mode, thereby improving construction efficiency. S5. Safety monitoring and security: Safety monitoring equipment, including crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, and pressure sensors, are installed to monitor the stability of the underground space at all times. Machine learning technology is used to analyze safety monitoring data, perform trend prediction and anomaly detection, automatically determine potential risks, and respond to emergencies. Emergency channels are set up during excavation and support to ensure smooth drainage of underground spaces. In the event of an accident, construction personnel can be quickly evacuated. Factors such as underground water level and gas concentration are monitored to avoid accidents caused by environmental factors. Drainage systems can be designed in advance to regulate underground water. S6. Construction completion and post-maintenance: After excavation and support are completed, the overall structure is inspected to ensure that all support structures are stable and meet design requirements. The monitoring system and drainage system facilities are checked to ensure normal operation. The underground space has been built, and long-term monitoring and maintenance are still required. The stability of the support structure, changes in underground water level, and expansion of cracks are regularly checked through an intelligent monitoring system to identify and repair problems in a timely manner. S7. Improvement and optimization: Based on actual construction experience and monitoring data, the construction method is continuously optimized through data analysis to optimize the timing and method of support, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0004] Further, an efficient excavation and support integrated solution for underground spaces, In step S3, the method of segmented excavation is adopted, that is, the soil excavation and support construction are performed in segments. The process is divided into three stages: pre-supporting, excavation, and lining, as follows Pre-supporting refers to taking necessary support measures before actually excavating the soil to ensure the stability of the soil during excavation and prevent collapse and excessive settlement. The main purpose of the pre-supporting stage is to provide a safe environment for excavation. The specific steps are: Soil stability assessment: Before starting pre-support, first make a preliminary assessment through monitoring of the soil (such as displacement sensors, pressure sensors, etc.), to determine the stability of the soil and the required support strength; Support facility arrangement: According to the type of soil, excavation depth and construction requirements, install necessary pre-support facilities in the excavation area, including pre-stressed anchor, steel support, sprayed concrete and net spray, anchor cable, support frame; Excavation stage is the process of actual soil stripping, and is also a high-risk stage. After the soil is exposed, timely support is needed to prevent collapse and other risks. The specific steps are as follows: Segmented excavation: The entire excavation area is divided into several small sections, each section is excavated and supported separately, and the excavation sequence is determined according to design requirements and geological conditions to avoid instability caused by large-area exposure; Excavation depth control: According to the geological conditions and support structure requirements, control the excavation depth to avoid over-excavation leading to soil instability. The depth of each excavation should not exceed the predetermined range to ensure the stability of the soil support; Segmented support: After excavation, the excavation area is immediately supported using pre-stressed anchor, steel support and other equipment to avoid large voids causing ground subsidence or rock and soil landslide; Lining stage is the last step after excavation, which aims to strengthen the stability of the structure and avoid instability of underground space due to changes in soil or external environment. The specific steps are as follows: Lining design and construction: According to engineering requirements and design scheme, select lining materials (such as reinforced concrete lining, sprayed concrete, etc.), and consider soil pressure, geological characteristics and groundwater level factors in lining design; Lining construction sequence: When lining construction is carried out in the excavation area, it is necessary to ensure that each section of lining works in coordination with the support. Lining work should be closely coordinated with excavation and support process to ensure the construction quality of each section of lining; Curing and maintenance: After the completion of lining, curing and maintenance should be carried out to ensure that the strength of concrete or other materials meets the design requirements and ensures the long-term stability of the underground space.

[0005] Further, an efficient excavation and support integrated solution for underground space, In step S5, safety monitoring equipment is installed, including crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, pressure sensors, to monitor the stability of the underground space at all times, and machine learning technology is used to analyze safety monitoring data, trend prediction and anomaly detection, automatic judgment of potential risks and emergency response. The specific steps are as follows: S51. Safety monitoring system design and installation: According to the design of underground space, geological conditions, construction requirements, design the monitoring system, including the selection of monitoring equipment: crack monitor, displacement sensor, pressure sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, to ensure that these devices can cover the key monitoring area, Crack monitoring: Install crack sensors to detect whether cracks have formed or expanded on the surface of the underground space and supporting structure; Displacement monitoring: Install displacement sensors (such as displacement meters, optical fiber displacement sensors, etc.) at key locations of the underground structure to monitor the horizontal and vertical displacement of the soil or supporting structure in real time; Pressure monitoring: Install pressure sensors on the supporting structure, soil, and around the tunnel to monitor changes in soil pressure and stress on the supporting structure; Temperature and humidity monitoring: Monitor underground water levels, air humidity, and temperature to avoid excessive moisture or dryness affecting the supporting system; S52. Data integration and real-time monitoring: Real-time transmission and storage of data, using wireless sensor networks to ensure large-scale underground space monitoring, and data preprocessing: denoising, filtering, to ensure data accuracy and availability, eliminate invalid data caused by environmental changes or equipment errors, and establish a construction data set; S53. Model training and application: Collect monitoring data on cracks, displacement, and pressure from the construction data set and label abnormal conditions: collapse, soil deformation, and supporting structure instability, build a training set based on normal and abnormal data, use the collected data to train the clustering model, use cross-validation method to test the accuracy and stability of the model, adjust the parameters of the algorithm to ensure the model's accurate prediction ability in different situations; S54. Abnormal detection and trend prediction: In the monitoring process, the clustering model analyzes new data transmitted in real time, detects abnormalities, such as if the displacement exceeds the normal range or the crack width suddenly increases, the model can automatically identify potential problems, the model makes trend prediction based on historical data and current data, predicts future displacement, pressure changes, and crack expansion, when the model detects that a data point shows an abnormal trend, the system will issue an alarm to prompt the management personnel to intervene, dynamically assess the stability of the construction site based on current monitoring data and historical trends, generate real-time risk level, if the assessment result shows that the risk level is too high, the system will trigger an early warning and suggest emergency response measures; S55. Emergency response and automatic control: When the model detects abnormalities or predicts potential risks, the system will automatically trigger emergency response, including: automatically adjusting construction progress, support structure, excavation method, etc. through the control system to reduce risks, in high-risk situations, the system automatically stops construction to ensure personnel safety, automatically adjusts support strength, excavation speed parameters to avoid further deterioration of the problem; S56. Feedback and system optimization: After each emergency response and control, collect on-site data and feed back to the system to further improve the model and enhance the accuracy of the prediction. Train the system through actual events to enhance the emergency response capability of the model.

[0006] An efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution system, which is used for any efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution method; the efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution system comprises: a survey and evaluation module, a design and planning module, a construction module, a monitoring and data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a feedback and optimization module Survey and evaluation module: This module is responsible for comprehensive geological survey, obtaining information such as physical properties of underground soil and rock strata, groundwater conditions, evaluating potential risks (such as landslides, earthquakes, etc.) and surrounding environmental impact; Design and planning module: Based on the results of geological survey, develop a reasonable excavation and support plan, and use BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology for three-dimensional modeling to simulate the excavation and support process; Construction module: responsible for actual soil excavation and support work, adopts segmented excavation method, combined with automatic support equipment, prestressed anchor, steel support, etc. to adjust support strength in real time; Monitoring and data acquisition module: through the installation of various sensors and monitoring equipment (such as crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, pressure sensor, etc.), real-time collection of various key data in the construction process, and real-time transmission and storage of data; Data analysis module: combined with real-time monitoring data, using machine learning algorithm for trend prediction, anomaly detection and risk assessment, automatically judging potential risks and responding to emergencies; Emergency response module: real-time monitoring of the safety situation of the construction site, triggering an alarm and taking emergency response measures (such as adjusting support, stopping construction, personnel evacuation, etc.) when potential dangers are found; Feedback and optimization module: this module is based on the actual data in the construction process to provide feedback, continuously optimize the construction scheme and method, and improve the construction efficiency and quality.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the present application: through the intelligent monitoring system, the stability of the underground space is monitored in real time, potential risks (such as soil displacement, crack expansion, etc.) are found in time, and automatic warning and emergency response can be triggered. This greatly reduces the safety risk in the construction process and helps to reduce accidents. The use of automated support equipment and real-time data feedback mechanism can adjust the support force in real time to avoid collapse and deformation caused by soil changes during excavation. Through the segmented excavation and support construction method, the risk of large-area soil exposure can be avoided, and the construction time can be reduced. The excavation and support of each section can be carried out simultaneously, thereby shortening the overall construction period. Through the intelligent scheduling system, construction resources are efficiently managed and allocated to ensure that equipment and personnel work at the best time node, thereby further improving construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 Flowchart of an efficient excavation and support integrated solution for underground space DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] An efficient excavation and support integrated solution for underground space, comprising the following steps: S1. Geological survey and environmental assessment: Conduct a comprehensive geological survey to understand the physical properties of underground soil, rock layers, groundwater conditions and potential risks (such as landslides, earthquakes, etc.), and assess the surrounding environment to avoid affecting surrounding buildings and infrastructure. Based on the geological survey data, develop a reasonable excavation and support design scheme, consider using which excavation technology (such as shield, tunneling machine or blasting) and support technology (such as pre-stressed anchor, steel support, etc.), and consider underground water treatment, ventilation, drainage, emergency evacuation auxiliary system during design. Through BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, three-dimensional modeling is performed to simulate the excavation and support process, foresee potential problems: space conflict, equipment access, and optimize the design; S2. Construction preparation stage: Select excavation and support equipment according to the design scheme, including shield machine, rapid tunneling machine, automated drilling machine, intelligent support system, ensure that the equipment performance is suitable for the geological conditions of the site, and train the construction personnel to understand the standard operation process of excavation and support, safety precautions; S3. Excavation stage: Adopt a segmented excavation method, i.e. segmented soil excavation and support construction, to avoid collapse caused by large-area soil exposure. Specifically, it is divided into three stages: pre-support, excavation and lining. During construction, install wireless sensors and monitoring equipment to monitor the pressure and displacement of the surrounding soil in real time, adjust the support structure, and perform lining at the same time as excavation to avoid excessive gaps that cause ground subsidence. Immediately after excavation, support is performed to ensure that the soil does not deform or collapse due to excavation. Automated support equipment, pre-stressed anchor, steel support facilities are used to adjust the support force in real time; S4. Support construction phase: The support system needs to be adjusted according to the excavation progress and soil pressure, and the support force and support structure are automatically adjusted according to real-time data to ensure the stability of the support. Reinforced concrete lining is used to reinforce the inner wall of the tunnel or underground space to ensure the stability of the overall structure. Through the way of segmented construction, excavation, support and lining are gradually carried out to form a cycle operation mode, thereby improving the construction efficiency; S5. Safety monitoring and security: By installing safety monitoring equipment, including crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, pressure sensors, the stability of the underground space is monitored at all times, and machine learning technology is used to analyze safety monitoring data for trend prediction and anomaly detection. Automatically determine potential risks and make emergency responses. During excavation and support, emergency channels are set up and the drainage of underground space is ensured. In the event of an accident, construction personnel can be quickly evacuated, while monitoring factors such as groundwater level and gas concentration to avoid accidents caused by environmental factors. For groundwater, a drainage system can be designed in advance for regulation and control; S6. Construction completion and post-maintenance: After excavation and support are completed, the overall structure is inspected to ensure that all support structures are stable and meet design requirements. Check if the monitoring system and drainage system facilities are operating normally, After the underground space has been built, it still needs to be monitored and maintained for a long time. Through intelligent monitoring system, the stability of the support structure, the change of groundwater level, the expansion of cracks, etc. are checked regularly to find problems in time and repair them; S7. Improvement and optimization: Based on actual construction experience and monitoring data, the construction method is continuously optimized, and the time and method of support are optimized through data analysis to improve construction efficiency.

[0010] Further, an efficient excavation and support integrated solution for underground space, In step S3, the method of segmented excavation is used, that is, the soil excavation and support construction are carried out in segments, which are divided into three stages of pre-support, excavation and lining, as follows Pre-support refers to the necessary support measures taken before actual soil excavation to ensure soil stability during excavation and prevent collapse and excessive settlement. The main purpose of the pre-support stage is to provide a safe environment for excavation. The specific steps are as follows: Soil stability evaluation: Before starting pre-support, first evaluate the stability of the soil through monitoring (such as displacement sensors, pressure sensors, etc.) to determine the required support strength; Support facility arrangement: According to the soil type, excavation depth and construction requirements, install necessary pre-support facilities in the excavation area, including pre-stressed anchor rods, steel supports, sprayed concrete and net spraying, anchor cables, and support frames; The excavation stage is the process of actual soil stripping and a high-risk stage. After the soil is exposed, timely support is needed to prevent collapse and other risks. The specific steps are as follows: Segmented excavation: The entire excavation area is divided into several small sections, each of which is excavated and supported separately. The excavation sequence is determined based on design requirements and geological conditions to avoid instability caused by large-scale exposure. Excavation depth control: The excavation depth is controlled based on geological conditions and support structure requirements to avoid soil instability caused by over-excavation. The depth of each excavation should not exceed the predetermined range to ensure the stability of the soil support. Real-time monitoring of soil changes: During excavation, sensors such as pressure sensors, crack monitors, and displacement meters are installed to monitor the deformation, displacement, and pressure changes of the surrounding soil and support structure in real time. Segmented support: After excavation, the excavation area is immediately supported using pre-stressed anchor rods, steel supports, and other equipment to prevent excessive voids that may cause ground subsidence or rock and soil landslides. Lining stage: The final step after excavation is to strengthen the stability of the structure to prevent instability caused by changes in soil or external environment. The specific steps are as follows: Lining design and construction: Based on engineering requirements and design plans, select lining materials such as reinforced concrete lining and sprayed concrete. Lining design needs to consider soil pressure, geological characteristics, and groundwater level factors. Lining construction sequence: When performing lining construction in the excavation area, ensure that each segment of the lining works in coordination with the support. Lining work should be closely coordinated with the excavation and support process to ensure the quality of each segment of the lining. Curing and maintenance: After the lining is completed, curing and maintenance should be performed to ensure that the concrete or other materials meet the design requirements and ensure the long-term stability of the underground space. Monitoring and inspection: After the lining is completed, the strength and stability of the lining structure are inspected, including crack detection at the joint and lining quality detection. Ensure that the entire support system is complete and free of defects.

[0011] An efficient excavation and support integrated solution for underground space, In step S5, safety monitoring equipment is installed, including crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, and pressure sensors, to monitor the stability of the underground space at all times. Machine learning technology is used to analyze safety monitoring data, perform trend prediction and anomaly detection, automatically determine potential risks, and respond to emergencies. The specific steps are as follows: S51. Safety monitoring system design and installation: Design a monitoring system based on the underground space design, geological conditions, and construction requirements, including selecting monitoring equipment: crack monitors, displacement sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors, ensuring that these devices cover key monitoring areas. Crack monitoring: Install crack sensors to detect whether cracks are forming or expanding in underground spaces and on the surface of support structures; Displacement monitoring: Install displacement sensors (such as displacement meters, fiber optic displacement sensors, etc.) at key locations of underground structures to monitor the horizontal and vertical displacement of soil or supporting structures in real time; Pressure monitoring: Install pressure sensors around the supporting structure, soil, and tunnel to monitor soil pressure and stress changes in the supporting structure; Temperature and humidity monitoring: monitor groundwater level, air humidity and temperature to avoid the impact of excessive moisture or dryness on the support system; S52. Data Integration and Real-Time Monitoring: Real-time data transmission and storage, utilizing wireless sensor networks to ensure large-scale underground space monitoring, and data preprocessing: noise removal and filtering to ensure data accuracy and usability, eliminating invalid data due to environmental changes or equipment errors, and establishing a construction data set. S53. Model Training and Application: Collect monitoring data on cracks, displacements, and pressures from construction datasets and annotate abnormalities, including collapse, soil deformation, and support structure instability. Construct a training set based on normal and abnormal data. Use the collected data to train a clustering model. Cross-validation is used to test the model's accuracy and stability. Algorithm parameters are adjusted to ensure the model's accurate prediction capabilities under different conditions. S54. Anomaly Detection and Trend Prediction: During the monitoring process, cluster models analyze incoming data in real time to detect anomalies. For example, if displacement exceeds normal limits or crack width increases suddenly, the model can automatically identify potential issues. Based on historical and current data, the model generates trend predictions, predicting future displacement, pressure changes, and crack expansion. If the model detects an abnormal trend at a data point, the system issues an alert, prompting management to intervene. Based on current monitoring data and historical trends, the stability of the construction site is dynamically assessed, generating a real-time risk level. If the assessment indicates an excessively high risk level, the system triggers an early warning and recommends emergency response measures. S55. Emergency response and automation control: When the model detects abnormalities or predicts potential risks, the system will automatically trigger emergency response, including automatically adjusting construction progress, support structure, excavation method, etc. through the control system to reduce risks. In high-risk situations, the system automatically stops construction to ensure personnel safety, automatically adjusts support strength and excavation speed parameters to avoid further deterioration of the problem; S56. Feedback and system optimization: After each emergency response and control, collect on-site data and feed back to the system to further improve the model and enhance the accuracy of the prediction. Train the system through actual events to enhance the emergency response capability of the model.

[0012] An efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution system, which is used for any efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution method; the efficient underground space excavation and support integrated solution system comprises a survey and evaluation module, a design and planning module, a construction module, a monitoring and data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a feedback and optimization module Survey and evaluation module: This module is responsible for comprehensive geological survey to obtain information such as physical properties of underground soil and rock strata, groundwater conditions, and assess potential risks (such as landslides, earthquakes, etc.) and surrounding environmental impact; Design and planning module: Based on the results of geological survey, develop a reasonable excavation and support plan, and use BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology for three-dimensional modeling to simulate the excavation and support process; Construction module: responsible for actual soil excavation and support work, adopts segmented excavation method, combined with automatic support equipment, prestressed anchor, steel support, etc. to adjust support strength in real time; Monitoring and data acquisition module: through the installation of various sensors and monitoring equipment (such as crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, pressure sensor, etc.), real-time collection of various key data in the construction process, and real-time transmission and storage of data; Data analysis module: combined with real-time monitoring data, using machine learning algorithm for trend prediction, anomaly detection and risk assessment, automatically judging potential risks and responding to emergencies; Emergency response module: real-time monitoring of the safety situation of the construction site, triggering an alarm and taking emergency response measures (such as adjusting support, stopping construction, personnel evacuation, etc.) when potential dangers are found; Feedback and optimization module: this module is based on the actual data in the construction process to provide feedback, continuously optimize the construction scheme and method, and improve the construction efficiency and quality.

Claims

1. An integrated solution for efficient excavation and support of underground space, characterized by: The following steps are included: S1. Geological Survey and Environmental Assessment: Conduct a comprehensive geological survey to understand the physical properties of the underground soil and rock formations, groundwater conditions, and potential risks such as landslides and earthquakes. Simultaneously, assess the surrounding environment to avoid impacts on surrounding buildings and infrastructure. Incorporating geological survey data, develop an excavation and support design plan. The design also needs to consider groundwater treatment, ventilation, drainage, and emergency evacuation support systems. Using BIM technology, perform 3D modeling and simulate the excavation and support process to anticipate potential issues such as spatial conflicts and equipment access, thereby optimizing the design. S2. Construction preparation phase: Select excavation and support equipment based on the design plan, including shield machines, rapid tunnel boring machines, automated drilling machines, and intelligent support systems, ensuring that equipment performance is suitable for the site's geological conditions. S3. Excavation phase: A segmented excavation method is used, with soil excavation and support construction carried out in sections. This is divided into three phases: pre-support, excavation, and lining. During construction, wireless sensors and monitoring equipment are installed to monitor the pressure and displacement of the surrounding soil in real time. Lining is carried out simultaneously with excavation to prevent surface subsidence caused by excessive voids. Support is immediately implemented after excavation, using automated support equipment, prestressed anchors, and steel support facilities to adjust support force in real time. S4. Support construction phase: The support system must be dynamically adjusted based on excavation progress and soil pressure. The support force and support structure are automatically adjusted based on real-time data to ensure support stability. Reinforced concrete lining is used to reinforce the tunnel. Excavation, support, and lining are carried out step by step in a staged construction process, forming a cyclical operation model to improve construction efficiency. S5. Safety Monitoring and Security Assurance: By installing safety monitoring equipment, including crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, and pressure sensors, the stability of the underground space is constantly monitored. Machine learning technology is used to analyze safety monitoring data, predict trends and detect anomalies, automatically identify potential risks, and initiate emergency responses. During excavation and support, emergency passages are established, and unobstructed drainage of the underground space is ensured. Groundwater levels and gas concentrations are monitored to prevent accidents caused by environmental factors. S6. Construction completion and post-maintenance: After excavation and support are completed, the overall structure is inspected to ensure that all support structures are stable and meet the design requirements. The monitoring system and drainage system facilities are checked for normal operation. After the underground space is built, it still needs long-term monitoring and maintenance. Through the intelligent monitoring system, the stability of the support structure, changes in the groundwater level, and the expansion of cracks are regularly checked to detect problems and repair them in time. S7. Improvement and Optimization: Based on actual construction experience and monitoring data, the construction methods are continuously optimized. Through data analysis, the time and method of support are optimized to improve construction efficiency.

2. The integrated solution for efficient excavation and support of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the segmented excavation method is adopted, that is, the soil excavation and support construction are carried out in segments, which is specifically divided into three stages: pre-support, excavation and lining. Pre-support refers to the support measures taken before the actual excavation of the soil to ensure the stability of the soil during the excavation process and prevent collapse and excessive settlement. The specific steps are: Soil stability assessment: Before starting pre-support, a preliminary assessment is conducted by monitoring the soil using displacement sensors and pressure sensors. Arrangement of support facilities: According to soil type, excavation depth and construction requirements, pre-support facilities are installed in the excavation area, including: prestressed anchors, steel supports, shotcrete and mesh spraying, anchor cables, and support frames; The excavation phase is the actual process of stripping the soil. Once exposed, the soil must be supported promptly to prevent collapse and other risks. The specific steps are: Sectional excavation: The entire excavation area is divided into several small sections. Each section is excavated and supported separately. The excavation sequence will be determined according to the design requirements and geological conditions to avoid large-scale exposure that may cause instability. Excavation depth control: Control the excavation depth according to the geological conditions and support structure requirements to avoid excessive excavation leading to soil instability. The depth of each excavation should generally not exceed the predetermined range to ensure the stability of the soil support; Segmented support: After excavation, the excavated area is immediately supported using prestressed anchors and steel support equipment to prevent ground subsidence or rock and soil landslides caused by excessive gaps; The lining phase is the final step after excavation. Its purpose is to strengthen the stability of the structure and prevent the underground space from becoming unstable due to changes in the soil or external environment. The specific steps are: Lining design and construction: Select lining materials based on project requirements and design plans. Lining design needs to take into account soil pressure, geological characteristics, and groundwater level factors; Lining construction sequence: When lining is carried out in the excavation area, it is necessary to ensure the coordinated operation of each section of lining and support. The lining work should be closely coordinated with the excavation and support process; Curing and maintenance: After the lining is completed, curing and maintenance should be carried out to ensure that the strength of the concrete or other materials meets the design requirements and ensure the long-term stability of the underground space.

3. The integrated solution for efficient excavation and support of underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, safety monitoring equipment, including crack monitoring, displacement monitoring, and pressure sensors, is installed to constantly monitor the stability of the underground space. Machine learning technology is used to analyze safety monitoring data, perform trend prediction and anomaly detection, automatically determine potential risks, and make emergency responses. The specific steps are as follows; S51. Safety Monitoring System Design and Installation: Design a monitoring system based on the underground space design, geological conditions, and construction requirements, including the selection of monitoring equipment: crack monitors, displacement sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors. Crack Monitoring: Install crack sensors to detect crack formation and expansion in the underground space and on the surface of the support structure. Displacement monitoring: Install displacement sensors at key locations of underground structures to monitor the horizontal and vertical displacement of soil or supporting structures in real time; Pressure monitoring: Install pressure sensors around the supporting structure, soil, and tunnel to monitor soil pressure and stress changes in the supporting structure; Temperature and humidity monitoring: monitor groundwater level, air humidity and temperature to avoid the impact of excessive moisture and dryness on the support system; S52. Data Integration and Real-Time Monitoring: Real-time data transmission and storage, utilizing wireless sensor networks to ensure large-scale underground space monitoring, and data preprocessing: noise removal and filtering to ensure data accuracy and usability, eliminating invalid data due to environmental changes and equipment errors, and establishing a construction data set. S53. Model Training and Application: Collect monitoring data on cracks, displacements, and pressures from construction datasets and annotate abnormalities, including collapse, soil deformation, and support structure instability. Construct a training set based on normal and abnormal data. Use the collected data to train a clustering model. Cross-validation is used to test the model's accuracy and stability. Algorithm parameters are adjusted to ensure the model's accurate prediction capabilities under different conditions. S54. Anomaly Detection and Trend Prediction: During the monitoring process, a clustering model analyzes incoming data in real time to detect anomalies. The model then generates trend predictions based on historical and current data, predicting future displacement, pressure changes, and crack expansion. If the model detects an abnormal trend at a data point, the system issues an alert, prompting management to intervene. Based on current monitoring data and historical trends, the stability of the construction site is dynamically assessed, generating a real-time risk level. S55. Emergency Response and Automated Control: When the model detects anomalies or predicts potential risks, the system automatically triggers an emergency response. This includes automatically adjusting the construction schedule, support structure, and excavation methods through the control system to mitigate risk. In high-risk situations, the system automatically halts construction to ensure personnel safety and automatically adjusts support strength and excavation speed parameters to prevent further deterioration. S56. Feedback and System Optimization: After each emergency response and control, collect on-site data and feed it back into the system to further refine the model and improve prediction accuracy. The system is trained through actual events to enhance the model's emergency response capabilities.

4. An integrated solution system for efficient excavation and support of underground space, characterized by: The integrated solution system for efficient excavation and support of underground space is used to realize the integrated solution system for efficient excavation and support of underground space as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3; the integrated solution system for efficient excavation and support of underground space includes: an investigation and evaluation module, a design and planning module, a construction module, a monitoring and data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a feedback and optimization module Survey and Assessment Module: This module is responsible for conducting comprehensive geological surveys, obtaining information on the physical properties of underground soil and rock formations, groundwater conditions, and assessing potential risks and impacts on the surrounding environment; Design and Planning Module: Based on geological survey results, formulate reasonable excavation and support plans, and use BIM technology to conduct 3D modeling and simulate the excavation and support process; Construction module: responsible for the actual soil excavation and support work, using a segmented excavation method, combined with automated support equipment, prestressed anchors, steel supports, etc. to adjust the support strength in real time; Monitoring and data acquisition module: By installing various sensors and monitoring equipment, various key data during the construction process are collected in real time, and the data is transmitted and stored in real time; Data analysis module: Combined with real-time monitoring data, it uses machine learning algorithms to perform trend prediction, anomaly detection, and risk assessment, automatically identifying potential risks and conducting emergency responses; Emergency response module: monitors the safety status of the construction site in real time, triggers alarms when potential dangers are detected, and takes emergency response measures: adjusting support, stopping construction, and evacuating personnel; Feedback and optimization module: This module provides feedback based on actual data during the construction process, continuously optimizes construction plans and methods, and improves construction efficiency and quality.

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