Turbine worm box machining tool and machining method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a turbine worm box body machining tool which comprises a box body clamp and is characterized in that the whole box body clamp is in a stand column shape, the bottom of the box body clamp is used for being fixed to a workbench of a horizontal machining center, and the stand column shape of the box body clamp is provided with a vertical clamping fixing plane; the clamping and fixing plane is used for being attached to the end face, where a box cover is installed, of the worm and gear box to be machined, and the worm and gear box is fixed to the clamping and fixing plane through the clamping and fixing piece. The device further comprises a calibration device, the whole calibration device is in a vertical cylinder shape, and the bottom of the calibration device is detachably and fixedly installed on the vertical-column-shaped top of the box body clamp. And the calibration device is provided with a pre-processed calibration surface and a calibration hole. The invention further discloses a machining method of the turbine worm box. The tool has the advantage of being capable of helping to improve the clamping efficiency and the machining precision of the worm and gear box body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of turbine and worm gear housings, and particularly relates to a turbine and worm gear housing processing tool and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Worm gear transmissions are critical in various industrial applications, such as machine tools and gearboxes. The worm gear housing is a crucial component of the worm gear transmission system. Within the worm gear housing, high positional and vertical accuracy between the shafts are required. Ultimately, achieving smooth and low-noise transmission requires even higher requirements for the diameter and positional accuracy of each bearing hole. Therefore, the machining quality of the worm gear housing, particularly the hole system within it, directly impacts the performance of the entire worm gear transmission system.

[0003] The worm gear box is difficult to process because the hole system needs to be processed on three surfaces of the box, and the verticality and parallelism between the hole system and the reference surface, the coaxiality between the coaxial holes in the hole system, and the relative sizes between the holes require extremely high precision.

[0004] The prior art document CN209050461U discloses a "worm gear reducer housing end face turning fixture," which can be used to clamp and fix the worm gear reducer housing. However, this technical solution still has the following shortcomings:

[0005] See its technical solution and Figure 1 As shown, the fixing of the box body on the positioning plate requires the use of a positioning column (2), a first front fastener (4) and a first rear fastener (8) that penetrate the first bearing chamber (hole) (31) for clamping; however, this will result in the following disadvantages: the first bearing chamber (hole) in the hole system of the box body is blocked and cannot be exposed and processed. Therefore, the box body needs to be clamped and aligned multiple times to process the holes on different surfaces. This will not only make it difficult to improve the processing efficiency, but also cause cumulative clamping errors due to multiple clamping and alignment, thereby limiting the improvement of the box body processing accuracy.

[0006] Based on this, the applicant considered designing a turbine worm gear housing processing tooling and a processing method thereof that can help improve the clamping efficiency and processing accuracy of the turbine worm gear housing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a turbine worm gear housing processing tooling and a processing method thereof that can help improve the clamping efficiency and processing accuracy of the turbine worm gear housing.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The worm gear housing processing tooling includes a housing fixture, which is characterized by:

[0010] The box body fixture is in the shape of a column as a whole and its bottom is used to be fixed on the workbench of the horizontal machining center. The column of the box body fixture has a vertical clamping and fixing plane, which is used to fit with the end surface of the box cover installed on the turbine worm box to be processed, and the turbine worm box is fixed on the clamping and fixing plane by a clamping piece;

[0011] It also includes a calibration device, which is a vertical cylindrical device as a whole, and the bottom of the calibration device is detachably fixed on the cylindrical top of the box clamp; the calibration device has a pre-machined calibration surface and calibration hole, and the calibration surface is two vertical planes with a certain distance and mirror symmetry facing each other along the spindle direction of the horizontal machining center on the vertical cylindrical structure of the calibration device, and the calibration hole is a circular through hole that passes through the axis of the spindle.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the worm gear housing processing tooling of the present invention are:

[0013] 1. Easy to detect and calibrate the center of the workbench, thus providing guarantee for subsequent precise processing

[0014] After setting up the above calibration device, not only can the external space of the box fixture be fully utilized, but the three-coordinate measuring mechanism can also be used to measure the pre-machined calibration surface and calibration hole on the calibration device. The measurement data can be used to determine whether the pre-machined surface is consistent with the result after machining according to the preset machining instructions:

[0015] If they are consistent, it indicates that there is no error in the positioning of the box fixture in the horizontal machining center and no calibration is required. If they are inconsistent, the position deviation of the worktable center in the X-axis and Z-axis directions can be updated and compensated (manually or automatically executed (for example, by writing a macro program that can be executed in the horizontal machining center)). This eliminates the offset of the worktable (rotary table) center (there are many offset factors, such as those caused by temperature changes) to ensure that the worm gear box is accurately processed on the horizontal machining center.

[0016] 2. One-time clamping can complete the hole processing on each surface

[0017] Based on the structural design of the box clamp in this technical solution, the three sides of the worm gear box to be processed with the axial hole can be exposed after being clamped and fixed on the clamping and fixing plane. The workbench can be rotated to make the various surfaces to be processed on the box face the spindle and be processed by the tool on the spindle, avoiding clamping errors and reduced efficiency caused by multiple clamping.

[0018] The method for processing a worm gear housing includes the following steps:

[0019] The first step is to install the fixture:

[0020] Install a box fixture with a calibration device on the workbench of a horizontal machining center;

[0021] Step 2: Calibration measurement:

[0022] Load and start the three-coordinate detection and measurement program preset in the horizontal machining center, and pre-measure the calibration surface and calibration hole of the calibration device according to the preset instructions;

[0023] The third step is to determine whether there is any deviation in the center position of the workbench:

[0024] Check whether there is any deviation in the X-axis or Z-axis between the calibration surface and calibration hole parameters and the designed processing parameters; if there is no deviation, proceed to the next step; if there is a deviation, correct the worktable rotation center coordinates in the horizontal machining center according to the deviation value and update the processing instructions;

[0025] The fourth step is to clamp the worm gear box to be processed;

[0026] In the fifth step, the horizontal machining center processes the worm gear box to be processed according to the machining instructions.

[0027] In order to eliminate the influence of the actual position change of the worktable rotation center on the processing quality, a real-time calibration device is added to the processing fixture to measure the actual data of the worktable center of the horizontal machining center before finishing the three groups of holes. It can compensate for the error through the preset instruction program to ensure the processing accuracy and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method for processing the turbine worm gear housing of the present invention

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the worm gear box (front side)

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the worm gear box (back side)

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the worm gear box processing tooling of the present invention

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the worm gear housing processing tooling of the present invention (front side, with the worm gear housing clamped)

[0033] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the structure of the worm gear housing processing tooling of the present invention (from the rear side, with the worm gear housing clamped)

[0034] Figure 7 A physical diagram of the present invention's turbine worm gear housing processing tooling and part of the horizontal machining center structure

[0035] Figure 8 A physical diagram (including the coordinate system) of the turbine worm gear housing processing tooling and part of the structure of the horizontal machining center of the present invention

[0036] The following are marked in the figure:

[0037] 1 Box body fixture: 10 clamping fixing plane (101 threaded connection hole), 11 second clamping surface (102 clamping connection hole), 12 plate-shaped support portion, 13 circular step;

[0038] 2 clamping fixtures: 20 parallel side (201 bar mounting hole), 21 vertical side;

[0039] 3 Calibration device: 30 connecting block, 31 mounting circular hole, 32 vertical plane, 33 circular through hole;

[0040] 4. Worm gear housing: 40 is the end surface for installing the housing cover (clamping base surface), 41 is the flange, 42 is the 1# hole, 43 is the 2# hole, 44 is the 3# hole;

[0041] Horizontal machining centre: 51 worktable, 52 press-fit block, 53 Renishaw probe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Turbine worm gear housing processing tooling, including housing fixtures;

[0044] The box body fixture is in the shape of a column as a whole and its bottom is used to be fixed on the workbench of the horizontal machining center. The column of the box body fixture has a vertical clamping and fixing plane, which is used to fit with the end surface of the box cover installed on the turbine worm box to be processed, and the turbine worm box is fixed on the clamping and fixing plane by a clamping piece;

[0045] It also includes a calibration device, which is a vertical cylindrical device as a whole, and the bottom of the calibration device is detachably fixed on the cylindrical top of the box clamp; the calibration device has a calibration surface and a calibration hole, and the calibration surface is two vertical planes with a certain distance and mirror symmetry facing each other along the spindle direction of the horizontal machining center on the vertical cylindrical structure of the calibration device, and the calibration hole is a circular through hole that passes through the axis of the spindle.

[0046] The end surface of the worm gear housing on which the housing cover is mounted has a flange, and the clamping piece is provided on the upper and lower sides of the worm gear housing, respectively. Each clamping piece is an L-shaped block structure as a whole, and the two sides of the L-shaped block structure are respectively a parallel side and a vertical side, wherein the parallel side is parallel to the clamping and fixing plane and is provided with a strip-shaped mounting hole extending along the length on the surface, and the vertical side is perpendicular to the clamping and fixing plane as a whole, and the outer end of the vertical side away from the parallel side in its own length direction is used to abut against the clamping and fixing plane;

[0047] The clamping and fixing plane has threaded connection holes corresponding one to one with the strip mounting holes, and adopts a screw that passes through the strip mounting holes and is threadedly connected to the threaded connection holes, and is screwed and abutted against the outer surface of the parallel side of the clamp to tighten the flange of the worm gear box to achieve fixed clamping.

[0048] The clamp features a simple structure and ease of use. Its L-shaped structure also provides the clamp with high structural strength. Furthermore, the outer ends of the parallel sides of the clamp's L-shaped block structure can be used to abut against the outer side of the worm gear housing. Combined with the strip-shaped mounting holes provided on the parallel sides of the clamp's L-shaped block structure, the worm gear housing can be precisely adjusted and moved along the Y-axis of a horizontal machining center, ensuring precise positioning along the Y-axis.

[0049] In which, the box body clamp is made of a cylindrical part as a whole, and the cylindrical part has a front half and a rear half in the circumferential direction along the axial direction; an overall concave clamping and fixing plane is formed from top to bottom in the height direction of the front half; a second clamping surface parallel to the clamping and fixing plane is concavely formed in the middle and upper middle parts in the height direction of the rear half, and a plate-shaped support portion is formed between the clamping and fixing plane and the second clamping surface.

[0050] In specific implementation, the box body clamp can be made by cutting technology. The upper side and the lower side of the second clamping surface are each provided with a clamping connection hole.

[0051] The above-mentioned box clamp can not only greatly reduce the weight of the box clamp and reduce the material used by the clamping surface formed by the concave on the front half and the rear half; at the same time, it can also form clamping surfaces on the front half and the rear half for clamping two sizes of turbine worm gear boxes, so that a single set of box clamps can be used to process two different sizes of turbine worm gear boxes, which can help reduce clamping processing costs and improve usability.

[0052] Wherein, the area on the plate-shaped support portion that is located inside the clamping base surface of the turbine worm gear housing to be processed is hollow.

[0053] In this way, the hollow structure can be used to further reduce the weight of the plate-shaped support portion and the box clamp as a whole, thereby improving the portability of the overall clamping and transfer of the box clamp.

[0054] The bottom of the box clamp has a circle of outward-convex circular steps, and the circular steps are used for the cooperation of multiple press-fit blocks spaced along the circumferential direction of the circular steps on the workbench of the horizontal machining center to achieve fixed connection.

[0055] The above box clamp has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. At the same time, after adopting the fixed installation structure of the above box clamp on the circular step, it is also easy to use a press block to press the box clamp, which is also more convenient to use.

[0056] Wherein, the vertical cylindrical structure of the calibration device coincides with the axis center line of the cylindrical part of the box fixture.

[0057] In this way, the calibration device and the box fixture can be kept consistent in the Z-axis and X-axis directions of the horizontal machining center. The tool trajectory of the horizontal machining center can be reset by pre-machining the calibration device and detecting the accuracy of machining and positioning, eliminating the center offset of the worktable (turntable) and ensuring high-precision and reliable machining of the worm gear box on the horizontal machining center.

[0058] Among them, the bottom of the vertical cylindrical structure of the calibration device is integrally formed with two connecting blocks protruding outward in the same radial direction, and the outer end face of each connecting block in its own radial direction vertically overlaps with the outer end face of the top of the adjacent box clamp; and each of the two connecting blocks is provided with a vertically penetrating mounting circular hole, and the top surface of the box clamp is provided with threaded holes that are one-to-one opposite to the mounting circular holes, and the connecting blocks are tightened by screws and nuts threaded in the threaded holes to achieve a fixed installation connection between the calibration device and the box clamp.

[0059] Because the axis of the calibration device coincides with the axis of the cylindrical member of the box fixture, the calibration device is located as a whole on top of the plate-shaped support portion between the clamping fixing plane and the second clamping surface. The thickness and structural strength of the plate-shaped support portion are high, which can effectively ensure the stable and reliable fixation of the calibration device. At the same time, the calibration device is fixed to the top of the plate-shaped support portion through the above structure, which can further enhance the structural strength of the top of the plate-shaped support portion. It can be seen that the arrangement of the calibration device and the box fixture can jointly ensure the reliability of the worm gear box processing technology.

[0060] Wherein, the three-coordinate measuring mechanism includes a Renishaw probe suitable for a horizontal machining center.

[0061] Renishaw probes offer high measurement accuracy and can be used in conjunction with horizontal machining centres. They can also perform automated measurement based on preset instructions, helping to improve measurement and calibration efficiency and ensure high-precision machining.

[0062] During implementation, the Renishaw probe (manufactured by Renishaw of the United Kingdom) selected is the probe of model OMP40-2, OMP60, OMP400 or RMP600. Specific embodiment:

[0064] Processing contents of worm gear box:

[0065] 1) The verticality and parallelism of the processing hole system and the base surface

[0066] 2) Coaxiality of machining hole 1# and hole 2#

[0067] 3) The distance between hole 1#, hole 2# and hole 3

[0068] 4) The diameter of holes 1#, 2#, and 3#

[0069] Difficulties in processing the worm gear box: In actual production and processing, it was found that the coaxiality of hole 1# and hole 2# was out of tolerance (the deviation exceeded the allowable range), and the dimensional stability of the distance between hole 1#, hole 2# and hole 3 was poor.

[0070] Analysis revealed that the distances from the centers of holes 1# and 2# to the clamping base were inconsistent. This indicated that the actual table rotation center parameters of the horizontal machining center differed from the originally measured data, leading to hole position errors caused by indexing position compensation errors. This was due to temperature fluctuations that caused changes in the equipment's lead screw length.

[0071] The method for processing a worm gear housing includes the following steps:

[0072] The first step is to install the fixture:

[0073] Install a box fixture with a calibration device on the workbench of a horizontal machining center;

[0074] Step 2: Calibration measurement:

[0075] Load and start the three-coordinate detection and measurement program preset in the horizontal machining center, and pre-measure the calibration surface and calibration hole of the calibration device according to the preset instructions;

[0076] The third step is to determine whether there is any deviation in the center position of the workbench:

[0077] Check whether there is any deviation in the X-axis or Z-axis between the calibration surface and calibration hole parameters and the designed processing parameters; if there is no deviation, proceed to the next step; if there is a deviation, correct the worktable rotation center coordinates in the horizontal machining center according to the deviation value and update the processing instructions;

[0078] The fourth step is to clamp the worm gear box to be processed;

[0079] In the fifth step, the horizontal machining center processes the worm gear box to be processed according to the machining instructions.

[0080] During implementation, the fourth step can also be combined with the first step.

[0081] Among them, the pre-machining process in the second step is to cut a vertical plane of a predetermined depth on the vertical cylindrical shape of the calibration device in the direction of the spindle of the horizontal machining center, facing away from the two surfaces according to preset instructions, and to cut a circular through hole on the vertical cylindrical shape of the calibration device in the axial direction of the spindle.

[0082] During specific implementation, the calibration surface and calibration hole on the calibration device are two vertical planes that have been pre-bored and milled (the two back-to-back surfaces must be milled by a rotary worktable, and the dimensions after processing must be consistent with the design dimensions. If they are inconsistent, it means that there is an offset in the Z-direction data of the center of the worktable). The aperture of the calibration hole and the vertical spacing between the two vertical planes are both precisely fixed values.

[0083] In the third step, a Renishaw probe is used to check the hole center, then rotated 180° and rechecked. Half the sum of the X-axis mechanical position data obtained from these two hole center checks is the actual X-axis position of the turntable center. A macro program is then compiled to compensate for positional deviations in the X and Z axes of the actual turntable center. This eliminates center offsets caused by temperature fluctuations, ensuring consistent machining accuracy and quality.

[0084] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the present technical solution should also be deemed to fall within the scope of protection required by the claims.

Claims

1. Turbine worm gear housing processing tooling, including housing fixture, characterized by: The box body fixture is in the shape of a column as a whole and its bottom is used to be fixed on the workbench of the horizontal machining center. The column of the box body fixture has a vertical clamping and fixing plane, which is used to fit with the end surface of the box cover installed on the turbine worm box to be processed, and the turbine worm box is fixed on the clamping and fixing plane by a clamping piece; It also includes a calibration device, which is a vertical cylindrical device as a whole, and the bottom of the calibration device is detachably fixed on the cylindrical top of the box clamp; the calibration device has a calibration surface and a calibration hole, and the calibration surface is two vertical planes with a certain distance and mirror symmetry facing each other along the spindle direction of the horizontal machining center on the vertical cylindrical structure of the calibration device, and the calibration hole is a circular through hole that passes through the axis of the spindle.

2. The worm gear housing processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end surface of the mounting cover on the worm gear housing has a flange, and the clamping piece is provided on the upper and lower sides of the worm gear housing, respectively. Each clamping piece is an L-shaped block structure as a whole, and the two sides of the L-shaped block structure are respectively a parallel side and a vertical side, wherein the parallel side is parallel to the clamping and fixing plane and has a strip-shaped mounting hole extending along the length thereof on the surface, and the vertical side is perpendicular to the clamping and fixing plane as a whole, and the outer end of the vertical side away from the parallel side in its own length direction is used to abut against the clamping and fixing plane; The clamping and fixing plane has threaded connection holes corresponding one to one with the strip mounting holes, and adopts a screw that passes through the strip mounting holes and is threadedly connected to the threaded connection holes, and is screwed and abutted against the outer surface of the parallel side of the clamp to tighten the flange of the worm gear box to achieve fixed clamping.

3. The worm gear housing processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body clamp is made of a cylindrical part as a whole, and the cylindrical part has a front half and a rear half in the circumferential direction along the axial direction; an overall concave clamping and fixing plane is formed from top to bottom in the height direction of the front half; a second clamping surface parallel to the clamping and fixing plane is concavely formed in the middle and upper middle parts in the height direction of the rear half, and a plate-shaped support portion is formed between the clamping and fixing plane and the second clamping surface.

4. The worm gear housing processing tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The area on the plate-shaped support portion that is located inside the clamping base surface of the turbine worm gear housing to be processed is hollow.

5. The worm gear housing processing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the box clamp has a circle of outwardly convex circular steps, and the circular steps are used for a plurality of press-fitting blocks spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the circular steps on the workbench of the horizontal machining center to cooperate and realize fixed connection.

6. The worm gear housing processing tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical cylindrical structure of the calibration device coincides with the axis of the cylindrical part of the box fixture.

7. The worm gear housing processing tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the vertical cylindrical structure of the calibration device is integrally formed with two connecting blocks protruding outward in the same radial direction, and the outer end face of each connecting block in its own radial direction vertically overlaps with the outer end face of the top of the adjacent box clamp; and each of the two connecting blocks is provided with a vertically penetrating mounting circular hole, and the top surface of the box clamp is provided with threaded holes that are one-to-one opposite to the mounting circular holes, and the connecting blocks are tightened by screws and nuts threaded into the threaded holes to achieve a fixed installation connection between the calibration device and the box clamp.

8. The worm gear housing processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-coordinate measuring mechanism includes a Renishaw probe suitable for a horizontal machining center.

9. A method for processing a worm gear housing, comprising the following steps: The first step is to install the fixture: Install a box fixture with a calibration device on the workbench of a horizontal machining center; Step 2: Calibration measurement: Load and start the three-coordinate detection and measurement program preset in the horizontal machining center, and pre-measure the calibration surface and calibration hole of the calibration device according to the preset instructions; The third step is to determine whether there is any deviation in the center position of the workbench: Check whether there is any deviation in the X-axis or Z-axis between the calibration surface and calibration hole parameters and the designed processing parameters; if there is no deviation, proceed to the next step; if there is a deviation, correct the worktable rotation center coordinates in the horizontal machining center according to the deviation value and update the processing instructions; The fourth step is to clamp the worm gear box to be processed; In the fifth step, the horizontal machining center processes the worm gear box to be processed according to the machining instructions.

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