Measuring device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of measuring device and method, it is related to geographic mapping technical field, including pedestal, outer ring, inner ring and angular velocity measuring instrument, pedestal includes pedestal main body, first dial and support column, first dial rotation is set on pedestal main body, support column rotation is set on pedestal main body, north direction pointer and east direction pointer are fixedly arranged on the one end of support column close to pedestal main body, the other end of support column is rotationally connected with the fixed shaft of outer ring, outer ring can rotate around fixed shaft, and angle reading device is arranged on fixed shaft, angle reading device can read the rotation angle of fixed shaft, inner ring is rotationally connected with outer ring by inner ring shaft, inner ring shaft is rotationally connected with outer ring with inner ring fixed connection, angular velocity measuring instrument is fixedly arranged on inner ring.The measurement method of the application is implemented using the measuring device described above.The present application can more accurately measure the latitude of current position and local north direction, and is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geographic surveying and mapping technology, and in particular to a measuring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The field of latitude measurement on the Earth's surface currently faces significant technical bottlenecks: the traditional benchmark shadow method relies on the solar altitude angle to calculate latitude, but due to the seasonal movement of the subsolar point caused by the Earth's revolution, the noon solar altitude angle at the same measurement point fluctuates periodically in different seasons. For example, in the 30°N latitude region, the difference in solar altitude angle between the summer solstice and the winter solstice can reach 47°, directly causing a deviation of more than 0.5° in latitude values ​​calculated based on shadow length. This error is unacceptable in high-precision geographic mapping, aerospace positioning, and other scenarios. In addition, existing geomagnetic compasses are affected by regional magnetic anomalies, with magnetic declination errors exceeding 10° in high-latitude regions, while satellite positioning systems such as GPS are at risk of signal loss due to electromagnetic interference or obstruction. Therefore, a measurement device and method are urgently needed to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a measuring device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. This invention can accurately measure the latitude and local north direction of the current location and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] This invention provides a measuring device, including a base, an outer ring, an inner ring, and an angular velocity measuring instrument. The base includes a base body, a first scale dial, and a support column. The first scale dial is rotatably mounted on the base body. One end of the support column is rotatably mounted on the base body. A north pointer and an east pointer are fixedly mounted on the end of the support column near the base body. The other end of the support column is rotatably connected to a fixed shaft of the outer ring. The fixed shaft is arranged along the diameter of the outer ring and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring. The outer ring can rotate around the fixed shaft, and an angle reading device is provided on the fixed shaft. The angle reading device can read the rotation angle of the fixed shaft. The inner ring is rotatably connected to the outer ring through an inner ring shaft. The inner ring shaft is fixedly connected to the inner ring and rotatably connected to the outer ring. The angular velocity measuring instrument is fixedly mounted on the inner ring.

[0006] In some embodiments, the angular velocity measuring instrument is a single-axis fiber optic gyroscope.

[0007] In some embodiments, a fixed platform is also included, which is fixedly connected to the inner ring and is used to mount the angular velocity measuring instrument.

[0008] In some embodiments, a first level detector and a second level detector are also included. The first level detector is fixedly mounted on the fixed platform and is used to detect whether the fixed platform is level or not. The second level detector is fixedly mounted on the base body and is used to detect whether the base body is level or not.

[0009] In some embodiments, a first adjustment knob and a second adjustment knob are also included. The first adjustment knob is rotatably disposed on the outer ring and can abut against the inner ring shaft to lock the inner ring. The second adjustment knob is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft and is located outside the outer ring.

[0010] In some embodiments, the angle reading device includes a second dial and a pointer. The second dial is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft and located outside the outer ring. The pointer is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft and located between the second dial and the second adjustment knob.

[0011] In some embodiments, the support column includes a straight portion and a semicircular portion, the straight portion and the semicircular portion are fixedly connected, the straight portion is rotatably mounted on the base body, the semicircular portion opens upward, and the two top ends of the semicircular portion are rotatably connected to the fixed shaft, and can drive the fixed shaft to rotate about the straight portion as the axis of rotation.

[0012] In some embodiments, a plurality of height adjustment devices are also included, which are disposed below the base body and are used to adjust the levelness of the base platform.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first level detector is a first level bubble meter, and the second level detector is a second level bubble meter.

[0014] The present invention also provides a measurement method, implemented using the measurement device described above, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Set up the measuring device;

[0016] Step 2: Divide the coordinate system of the angular velocity measuring instrument into... , , , The direction of the shaft is consistent with that of the inner ring shaft. Axis perpendicular to axis, Axis perpendicular to and The plane formed, and with axis, The axis is in a right-hand screw relationship;

[0017] Step 3: Rotate the support column until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0. At this time, the inner ring axis points east.

[0018] Step 4: Rotate the first dial so that the north direction of the first dial coincides with the north pointer and the east direction of the first dial coincides with the east pointer. At this time, the direction of the north pointer is based on the local north direction of the angular velocity measuring instrument and the geographical north direction of the latitude measuring device.

[0019] Step 5: Rotate the support column to align the inner ring axis with the north pointer. The current output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is the north component of the Earth's rotation angular velocity in the horizontal plane. ;

[0020] Step Six: Rotate the fixed shaft to make the inner ring rotate around the fixed shaft until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0;

[0021] Step 7: Rotate the fixed shaft so that the inner ring rotates upwards by 90 degrees. At this time, the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is the Earth's rotation angular velocity, and the value of the angle reading device is based on the local north direction of the angular velocity measuring instrument and the latitude of the location of the latitude measuring device. .

[0022] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0023] This invention utilizes the rotation of the outer ring around the axis of the support column to reflect the azimuth information of the angular velocity measuring instrument. The rotation of the fixed axis and the inner ring axis provides the pitch angle information. Through calculation, the angular velocity component of the Earth can be measured, and the geographical north direction can be determined using the angular velocity component of Earth's rotation. The latitude of the location can be calculated, and natural calibration is performed using the Earth's rotation characteristics, eliminating the need for an external electronic reference. When the angular velocity measuring instrument outputs 0, it indicates that the current axis is perpendicular to the direction of Earth's rotational angular velocity, ensuring a precise correspondence between the mechanical position and the physical quantity. Furthermore, the purely mechanical structure is immune to electromagnetic interference. The core measurement relies on mechanical rotation (support column, outer ring, inner ring) and the angle reading device, making it less susceptible to electromagnetic influences. Moreover, using Earth's rotation as a reference ensures high stability and accuracy. Earth's rotational angular velocity is a stable natural physical quantity; the device directly measures its component as a reference, avoiding the accumulation of errors such as temperature drift and zero bias in electronic components, resulting in more reliable long-term measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This describes the workflow in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 These are three-dimensional physical schematic diagrams of the measuring device in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the measuring device in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of leveling the spirit level in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the geographic coordinate system, the Earth coordinate system, and the inertial coordinate system in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the components of the Earth's rotational angular velocity in the geographic coordinate system in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the compass effect for finding north in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the measurement of Earth's rotational angular velocity in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of latitude measurement in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Support column; 101-Straight section; 102-Semicircular section; 2-Outer ring; 3-Fixed platform; 4-Fixed shaft; 401-Second dial; 402-First adjustment knob; 403-Second adjustment knob; 5-Inner ring shaft; 6-Single-axis fiber optic gyroscope; 7-First horizontal bubble meter; 8-Second horizontal bubble meter; 9-First dial; 10-North pointer; 11-Base body. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The purpose of this invention is to provide a measuring device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. This invention can accurately measure the latitude and local north direction of the current location and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference.

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figures 1-9 As shown, this invention provides a measuring device, including a base, an outer ring 2, an inner ring, and an angular velocity measuring instrument. The base includes a base body 11, a first scale 9, and a support column 1. The first scale 9 is rotatably mounted on the base body 11. One end of the support column 1 is rotatably mounted on the base body 11. A north pointer 10 and an east pointer are fixedly mounted on the end of the support column 1 near the base body 11. The other end of the support column 1 is rotatably connected to a fixed shaft 4 of the outer ring 2. The fixed shaft 4 is arranged along the diameter of the outer ring 2 and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer ring 2. The outer ring 2 can rotate around the fixed shaft 4, and an angle reading device is provided on the fixed shaft 4 to read the rotation angle of the fixed shaft 4. The inner ring and the outer ring 2 are rotatably connected through an inner ring shaft 5. The inner ring shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the inner ring and rotatably connected to the outer ring 2. The angular velocity measuring instrument is fixedly mounted on the inner ring. In use: the coordinate system of the angular velocity measuring instrument is divided into... , , , The direction of the shaft is consistent with that of the inner ring shaft 5. Axis perpendicular to axis. Axis perpendicular to and The plane formed, and with axis, The axes are connected in a right-hand screw relationship; rotate support column 1 until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0. At this time, the inner ring axis 5 points east; rotate the first scale 9 so that the north direction of the first scale 9 coincides with the north pointer 10, and the east direction of the first scale 9 coincides with the east pointer. At this time, the north pointer 10 points to the local north direction based on the angular velocity measuring instrument and the geographical north direction based on the location of the latitude measuring device; rotate support column 1 so that the inner ring axis 5 and the north pointer 10 are aligned. The current output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is the northward component of the Earth's rotation angular velocity in the horizontal plane. Rotate the fixed axis 4, causing the inner ring to rotate around the fixed axis 4 until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0; rotate the fixed axis 4, causing the inner ring to rotate upwards by 90 degrees. At this point, the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is the Earth's rotation angular velocity, and the value of the angle reading device is based on the local north direction of the angular velocity measuring instrument and the latitude of the location of the latitude measuring device. This invention utilizes the rotation of the outer ring 2 around the axis of the support column 1 to reflect the azimuth information of the angular velocity measuring instrument. The rotation of the fixed axis 4 and the inner ring axis 5 provides the pitch angle information. Through calculation, the angular velocity component of the Earth can be measured, and the geographical north direction can be determined using the angular velocity component of the Earth's rotation. The latitude of the location can then be calculated, and the measurement is highly accurate and not easily affected by electromagnetic interference.

[0040] The specific analysis is as follows: The orientation logic of the right-hand helical coordinate system defines the coordinate system of the angular velocity measuring instrument as follows:

[0041] The X-axis aligns with the inner ring axis 5, serving as the primary measurement direction; the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis, forming a horizontal plane; the Z-axis is perpendicular to the XY plane, conforming to the right-hand screw rule (i.e., X×Y=Z). This coordinate system forms a clear geometric relationship with the Earth's rotational angular velocity vector (pointing towards the North Pole), facilitating the decomposition of the Earth's rotational angular velocity (approximately 15° / h) onto the measurement axes. The Earth's rotational angular velocity ω can be decomposed into a horizontal component (northward) and a vertical component (perpendicular to the ground): at latitude φ, the horizontal northward component is ω・cosφ, and the vertical component is ω・sinφ. By adjusting the rotation angle of each ring, the device ensures that the angular velocity measuring instrument receives only the component in a specific direction, thereby inferring the latitude φ.

[0042] Using the inner ring axis 5 for orientation and geographic north calibration, the first step (output value zeroing): Rotate support column 1 until the angular velocity measuring instrument outputs 0. At this time, the inner ring axis 5 (X-axis) points east. Principle: The eastward component of the Earth's rotational angular velocity is 0 (the Earth rotates from west to east, and there is no component when the eastward axis is perpendicular to the rotation direction). Therefore, zeroing the output confirms that the X-axis is aligned with the eastward direction. The second step (scale and pointer coincidence): Rotate the first scale 9 until the north and east pointers coincide with the scale markings. At this time, the north pointer 10 points to the local north direction based on the measuring instrument.

[0043] Function: By calibrating the mechanical pointer and dial, a baseline correspondence is established between the measurement coordinate system and the geographic coordinate system. Then, the north component measurement and latitude calculation are as follows: Support column 1 is rotated to align with the north: Rotate support column 1 so that the inner ring axis 5 (X-axis) is aligned with the north pointer 10. At this time, the X-axis points to geographic north, and the measuring instrument output value is ω・cosφ (the northward horizontal component of the Earth's rotational angular velocity). Fixed axis 4 is rotated to obtain the vertical component: First, rotate fixed axis 4 to zero the measuring instrument output (at this time, the X-axis is on the horizontal plane, and the vertical component is 0); then rotate the inner ring upwards by 90° so that the X-axis points to the zenith direction, and the measuring instrument output value is ω・sinφ (the vertical component of the Earth's rotational angular velocity). Latitude calculation: Based on the ratio of the horizontal component to the vertical component, tanφ = (ω・sinφ) / (ω・cosφ) = output value (vertical component) / output value (northward component), the latitude φ can be calculated. Spatial attitude decoupling is achieved through multi-axis rotation. Support column 1 rotates to adjust the azimuth angle (horizontal direction of the X-axis) for alignment with the east or north direction. Outer ring 2 rotates around fixed axis 4 to adjust the pitch angle (angle between the X-axis and the horizontal plane) for obtaining the vertical component. Inner ring rotates around inner ring axis 5 to orient the sensitive axis of the angular velocity measuring instrument. This two-axis adjustment mechanism of azimuth and pitch decomposes the three-dimensional spatial attitude into independent and controllable angular variables, avoiding coupling errors. By zeroing the output value (such as in the first step and zeroing the fixed axis 4), natural calibration is performed using the Earth's rotation characteristics, eliminating the need for external electronic references. When the measuring instrument output is 0, it indicates that the current axis is perpendicular to the direction of the Earth's rotational angular velocity, ensuring precise correspondence between mechanical position and physical quantities. Furthermore, the purely mechanical structure is immune to electromagnetic interference; the core measurement relies on mechanical rotation (support column 1, outer ring 2, inner ring) and the angle reading device, making it less susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Moreover, using the Earth's rotation as a reference ensures high stability and accuracy. The Earth's rotational angular velocity is a stable natural physical quantity. The device uses its component directly as a reference, avoiding the accumulation of errors such as temperature drift and zero bias in electronic components, resulting in more reliable long-term measurement accuracy.

[0044] In some embodiments, the angular velocity measuring instrument is a single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6. The fiber optic gyroscope measures angular velocity based on the Sagnac effect (the phase difference of light propagating in a rotating system), and has no moving parts (such as the rotating axis of a traditional rotor gyroscope), avoiding accuracy degradation caused by mechanical wear. For example, in long-term continuous monitoring scenarios (such as geological exploration equipment), measurement accuracy can be maintained without frequent calibration, reducing maintenance costs. The measurement principle of the fiber optic gyroscope is based on optical signal transmission (quartz fiber), and is unaffected by electromagnetic fields (such as radar, high-current equipment) and nuclear radiation, giving it a significant advantage in scenarios with high electromagnetic compatibility requirements (such as military equipment, aerospace satellites). For example, when measuring near a high-voltage substation, electronic gyroscopes may experience measurement deviations of more than 10% due to electromagnetic interference, while fiber optic gyroscopes are almost unaffected. The device aligns the Earth's rotation angular velocity component with the sensitive axis of the fiber optic gyroscope through mechanical rotation (support column 1, outer ring 2), combining the high-precision measurement of the fiber optic gyroscope to achieve a combination of mechanical coarse adjustment and optical fine measurement: the mechanical structure is responsible for adjusting the measurement axis to the target direction (such as north, zenith), and the fiber optic gyroscope provides accurate angular velocity values. This design avoids the high cost of purely optical solutions (such as multi-axis fiber optic gyroscope arrays) while retaining the reliability of mechanical zeroing.

[0045] In some embodiments, the measuring device further includes a fixed platform 3, which is fixedly connected to the inner ring and is used to mount the angular velocity measuring instrument. Specifically, the fixed platform 3 can be directly used as the inner ring, with the inner ring shaft 5 passing through and fixedly connected to the fixed platform 3. The two ends of the inner ring shaft 5 are rotatably connected to the outer ring 2. The fixed platform 3 provides a fixed mounting reference surface for the measuring instrument, preventing the measuring axis from shifting due to mechanical deformation during the rotation of the inner ring. Moreover, the fixed platform 3 can be integrated with a protective housing (such as an aluminum alloy housing) to provide dustproof, waterproof (IP67 rating), and shockproof protection for the measuring instrument, making it suitable for field operations or harsh environments (such as marine exploration and sandstorm scenarios).

[0046] In some embodiments, the measuring device further includes a first level detector and a second level detector. The first level detector is fixedly mounted on the fixed platform 3 and is used to detect whether the fixed platform 3 is level. The second level detector is fixedly mounted on the base body 11 and is used to detect whether the base body 11 is level. The second level detector, fixed to the base body 11, is used to calibrate the installation reference of the entire device: when the base body 11 is in a level state, the verticality deviation between the rotation axes of components such as the support column 1 and the outer ring 2 (e.g., the axis of the support column 1 and the fixed axis 4) and the geographical horizontal plane can be controlled within a small range, achieving a high level of the base body 11. The first level detector is used to detect whether the fixed platform 3 is level in the initial state and can assist in leveling the fixed platform 3.

[0047] In some embodiments, the measuring device further includes a first adjusting knob 402 and a second adjusting knob 403. The first adjusting knob 402 is rotatably mounted on the outer ring 2 and can abut against the inner ring shaft 5 to lock the inner ring. The second adjusting knob 403 is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft 4 and is located outside the outer ring 2. After the inner ring shaft 5 and the north pointer 10 are aligned, when the first adjusting knob 402 abuts against the inner ring shaft 5, the rotation of the inner ring around the inner ring shaft 5 can be locked by frictional torque. When measuring the vertical component of the Earth's rotational angular velocity, the accuracy of the inner ring pitch angle can be improved compared to manual rotation by slowly rotating the fixed shaft 4 through the knob. The knob surface is designed with anti-slip texture (such as knurling) for easy operation. Moreover, by turning the second adjusting knob 403, the outer ring 2 can be rotated around the axis of the support column 1. By locking / unlocking the inner ring using the first adjustment knob 402, one can quickly switch between coarse adjustment posture and fine measurement locking modes: When unlocked, the inner ring can rotate freely for quick alignment with the target direction; when locked, the measurement posture is fixed to avoid continuous manual support.

[0048] In some embodiments, the angle reading device includes a second dial 401 and a pointer. The second dial 401 is rotatably mounted on a fixed shaft 4 and located outside the outer ring 2. The pointer is fixedly connected to the fixed shaft 4 and located between the second dial 401 and the second adjustment knob 403. When the dial is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft 4, the second dial 401 does not rotate, and the fixed shaft 4 rotates along with the pointer, thus determining the angle of rotation of the shaft. The dial and pointer can operate without a power source and can stably display angle data even in environments without electricity, with strong electromagnetic interference (such as radar stations), or with nuclear radiation. Compared to electronic angle sensors (such as rotary transformers), its failure rate in extreme environments is significantly reduced.

[0049] In some embodiments, the support column 1 includes a straight portion 101 and a semicircular portion 102. The straight portion 101 and the semicircular portion 102 are fixedly connected at their middle portions. The straight portion 101 is rotatably mounted on the base body 11. The semicircular portion 102 opens upwards, and its two top ends are rotatably connected to a fixed shaft 4, enabling the fixed shaft 4 to rotate around the straight portion 101. The connection between the two ends of the semicircular portion 102 and the fixed shaft 4 forms a three-point support structure (straight portion 101 + the two ends of the semicircular portion 102), improving rigidity and reducing the possibility of deformation. Furthermore, when rotating the support column 1, the semicircular portion 102 can be manipulated, allowing for better force application, while directly rotating the straight portion 101 is relatively difficult.

[0050] In some embodiments, the measuring device further includes multiple height adjustment devices located below the base body 11 for adjusting the levelness of the base platform. Specifically, support legs may be provided below the base body 11, and the height adjustment devices may be adjustment screws with vibration-damping pads. The adjustment screws are located below the support legs. Typically, there are 3-4 adjustment screws distributed below the base body 11. By independently adjusting the height of each screw, the levelness of the base body 11 can be adjusted. With real-time feedback from a second leveling instrument, relatively precise control can be achieved. The vibration-damping pads (such as neoprene rubber) absorb vibration energy transmitted from the ground.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first level detector is a first level bubble meter 7, and the second level detector is a second level bubble meter 8. The level bubble meter determines the levelness by the position of the bubble inside the glass tube: when the bubble is centered, the measured plane is level; the offset directly reflects the tilt angle. Operators can quickly judge the levelness of the base or fixed platform 3 visually without professional training. The level bubble meter typically contains two mutually perpendicular bubble tubes (X-axis and Y-axis), which can simultaneously detect the levelness of the plane in both directions, avoiding tilting in one direction after leveling in one direction, and ensuring that the two-dimensional levelness deviation of the base body 11 or fixed platform 3 is small. The level bubble meter consists of a glass tube, a liquid (such as alcohol), and bubbles. It has no electronic components or moving parts, has a long service life, requires no calibration or power supply, and has almost zero maintenance costs. Compared with electronic tilt sensors (which require periodic calibration), it has higher reliability. The working principle of the level bubble meter does not rely on electrical signals and is completely unaffected by electromagnetic fields (such as high-voltage power lines, radar) or radio frequency interference. In scenarios with high electromagnetic compatibility requirements (such as military bases and substations), it is more reliable than electronic levels.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] This embodiment also provides a measurement method, implemented using the measuring device in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Set up the measuring device;

[0055] Step 2: Divide the coordinate system of the angular velocity measuring instrument into... , , , The direction of the shaft is consistent with that of the inner ring shaft 5. Axis perpendicular to axis. Axis perpendicular to and The plane formed, and with axis, The axis is in a right-hand screw relationship;

[0056] Step 3: Rotate support column 1 until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0. At this time, the inner ring shaft 5 points east.

[0057] Step 4: Rotate the first dial 9 so that the north direction of the first dial 9 coincides with the north pointer 10, and the east direction of the first dial 9 coincides with the east pointer. At this time, the north pointer 10 points to the local north direction based on the angular velocity measuring instrument and the geographical north direction of the latitude measuring device.

[0058] Step 5: Rotate support column 1 to align inner ring axis 5 with north pointer 10. The current output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is the northward component of the Earth's rotation angular velocity in the horizontal plane. .

[0059] Step 6: Rotate the fixed shaft 4 to make the inner ring rotate around the fixed shaft 4 until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0.

[0060] Step 7: Rotate fixed axis 4, causing the inner ring to rotate upwards by 90 degrees. At this time, the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is the Earth's rotation angular velocity, and the value of the angle reading device is based on the local north direction of the angular velocity measuring instrument and the latitude of the location of the latitude measuring device. .

[0061] Further details on the process and principles:

[0062] 1) Use a level to perform leveling. The steps are as follows:

[0063] 1.1) Adjust the level of the base body 11 by adjusting the screws on the support legs so that the bubble of the second level bubble meter 8 on the base is in the middle position;

[0064] 1.2) By using the knobs located on the fixed shaft 4 and inner ring shaft 5 of the fixed platform 3, the platform is controlled to perform pitch and roll movements. This ensures that the bubble A of the first horizontal bubble meter 7 mounted on the platform 3 is centered. This, in turn, positions the fixed platform 3 in a horizontal position. Figure 4 As shown.

[0065] 2) Use the gyrocompass effect to find north;

[0066] The principle behind using the gyrocompass effect to find north is based on the Earth's rotational angular velocity. In geographic coordinate system The projection on the axis is When there is an azimuth error angle between the platform system and the geographic system hour, It will be in the platform system Components generated on the axis This is known as the gyrocompass effect. Since the Earth's angular velocity and the latitude of the experimental setup remain constant, the output value and azimuth error angle of the single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6... Proportional. According to the compass effect, when the azimuth error angle between the platform system and the geographic system... When the output is zero, i.e., when the two coincide, the output of the single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6 is 0. Therefore, the support column 1 on the rotating base makes the output of the single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6 zero, so the gyroscope measurement axis is aligned with the geographical east direction, and the platform system... The direction indicated by the axis is geographical north, which enables the device to find north.

[0067] The angular velocity of the geographic coordinate system's deviation from inertial space caused by the Earth's rotation has the following components along the three axes of the geographic coordinate system:

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, , , The Earth's rotational angular velocity in OX g OY g OZ g The portion on top. The deviation angular velocity of the geographic coordinate system relative to inertial space, as specified in the instruction manual. Figure 5 In the middle, OX i Axis, OY i Axis, OZ i The axes form an inertial space coordinate system, referred to as the i-system; OX e Axis, OY e Axis, OZ e The axes form a geographic coordinate system, abbreviated as the e-system.

[0070] The specific steps for finding north using the gyrocompass effect are as follows:

[0071] 2.1) Slowly rotate the support column 1 on the base. You can see that the output value of the single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6 changes. When the output value is 0, the direction of the measurement axis (inner ring axis 5) of the single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6 is east.

[0072] 2.2) Rotate the first dial 9 on the base so that the north direction of the first dial 9 coincides with the north pointer 10 on the support column 1 (aligned with the fixed axis 4), and the east direction of the first dial 9 coincides with the pointer on the support column 1 (aligned with the inner ring axis 5). At this time, the geographical north direction of the device's location is determined by the north pointer 10 of the second dial 401, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0073] 3) The steps for measuring latitude using the Earth's rotational angular velocity are as follows:

[0074] 3.1) After finding geographic north, slowly rotate support column 1 to rotate the measurement axis of single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6 to geographic north (align the inner ring axis 5 with the north pointer 10). At this time, the fiber optic gyroscope can measure the northward component of the Earth's rotation angular velocity in the horizontal plane. ;

[0075] 3.2) Use the knob on the inner ring shaft 5 of the fixed platform 3 to lock the inner ring shaft 5, so that the fixed platform 3 cannot rotate around its inner ring shaft 5; at the same time, lock the support column 1, so that the device cannot rotate around the support column 1.

[0076] 3.3) Rotate the knob on the fixed axis 4 to control the fixed platform 3 to rotate downwards until the output value of the single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6 is 0. At this point, the angle rotated around the fixed axis 4 is complementary to the local latitude. Thus, the local latitude is measured.

[0077] 3.4) Rotate the knob on the fixed axis 4 to control the fixed platform 3 to rotate upward by 90 degrees. At this time, the second dial 401 indicates the local latitude, and the output value of the single-axis fiber optic gyroscope 6 is the Earth's rotation angular velocity.

[0078] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A measuring device, characterized by: The application relates to a measuring device, which comprises a base, an outer ring, an inner ring, a fixed platform, a first horizontal detector, a second horizontal detector and an angular velocity measuring instrument, wherein the base comprises a base body, a first scale and a support column; the first scale is rotationally arranged on the base body; one end of the support column is rotationally arranged on the base body; north and east pointers are fixedly arranged on the end of the support column close to the base body; the other end of the support column is rotationally connected with a fixing shaft of the outer ring; the fixing shaft is arranged along the diameter direction of the outer ring and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer ring; the outer ring can rotate around the fixing shaft, and an angle reading device is arranged on the fixing shaft; the angle reading device can read the rotation angle of the fixing shaft; the inner ring is rotationally connected with the outer ring through an inner ring shaft; the inner ring shaft is fixedly connected with the inner ring and rotationally connected with the outer ring; the angular velocity measuring instrument is fixedly arranged on the inner ring; the fixed platform is fixedly connected with the inner ring; the fixed platform is used for mounting the angular velocity measuring instrument; the first horizontal detector is fixedly arranged on the fixed platform and used for detecting whether the fixed platform is horizontal; and the second horizontal detector is fixedly arranged on the base body and used for detecting whether the base body is horizontal.

2. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The angular velocity measuring instrument is a single-axis optical fiber gyroscope.

3. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The measuring device further comprises a first adjusting knob and a second adjusting knob; the first adjusting knob is rotationally arranged on the outer ring and can abut against the inner ring shaft to lock the inner ring; and the second adjusting knob is fixedly connected with the fixing shaft and located outside the outer ring.

4. The measuring device of claim 3, wherein: The angle reading device comprises a second scale and a pointer; the second scale is rotationally arranged on the fixing shaft and located outside the outer ring; and the pointer is fixedly connected with the fixing shaft and located between the second scale and the second adjusting knob.

5. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The support column comprises a straight portion and a semicircular portion; the straight portion is fixedly connected with the semicircular portion; the straight portion is rotationally arranged on the base body; the semicircular portion is open upward; and the two end points of the top of the semicircular portion are respectively rotationally connected with the fixing shaft and can drive the fixing shaft to rotate around the straight portion as the rotation shaft.

6. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The measuring device further comprises a plurality of height adjusting devices; the height adjusting devices are arranged below the base body and used for adjusting the levelness of the base platform.

7. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein: The first horizontal detector is a first horizontal bubble instrument, and the second horizontal detector is a second horizontal bubble instrument.

8. A method of measurement, characterized by: The measuring device is implemented by adopting the measuring device according to any one of claims 1-7, and comprises the following steps Step one: building the measuring device; Step two: divide the coordinate system of the angular velocity measuring instrument into , , , the direction of the inner ring shaft, perpendicular to axis, perpendicular to and consisting of the plane, and with axis, axis right-handed screw relationship; Step three: rotating the support column until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0; at this time, the direction of the inner ring shaft is east; Step four: rotating the first scale to make the north direction of the first scale coincide with the north pointer and the east direction of the first scale coincide with the east pointer; at this time, the direction of the north pointer is the geographical north direction based on the local north direction of the angular velocity measuring instrument and the position of the latitude measuring device; and Step five: rotating the second scale to make the north direction of the second scale coincide with the north pointer and the east direction of the second scale coincide with the east pointer. Step five: rotate the support column so that the inner ring axis and the north pointer are aligned, the output value of the current angular velocity measuring instrument is the north component of the earth rotation angular velocity in the horizontal plane ; Step six: rotate the fixed shaft, make the inner ring rotate around the fixed shaft until the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is 0; Step seven: rotate the fixed shaft, make the inner ring rotate 90 degrees upward, at this time the output value of the angular velocity measuring instrument is the angular velocity of the earth rotation, the numerical value of the angle reading device is the latitude based on the local north direction and the latitude of the location of the latitude measuring device .

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