A safety assessment method for pentazol nonmetallic salts

Abstract

This invention discloses a safety assessment method for pentaazole nonmetallic salts, belonging to the technical field of pentaazole nonmetallic salt safety assessment technology. The method includes S1, drying the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample in an oven; and S2, measuring the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt, and calculating the corresponding coefficients. α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5; S3, will α 1~ α 5. Sort the numbers from largest to smallest and denote them as a, b, c, d, e; S4. Calculate the coefficients based on a, b, c, d, e. α T and eccentricity h S5. Calculate the overall sensitivity of pentazolium nonmetallic salts. α This invention employs the aforementioned method for safety assessment of pentazolium nonmetallic salts, overcoming the limitations of existing assessments and achieving a comprehensive safety evaluation, thus providing a scientific reference for the storage and use of this type of salt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safety assessment technology for pentazolium nonmetallic salts, and in particular to a method for safety assessment of pentazolium nonmetallic salts. Background Technology

[0002] As a promising new type of energetic material, the feasibility of large-scale preparation and storage of pentazole nonmetallic salts fundamentally depends on their safety. The safety of such materials usually needs to be measured by comprehensive sensitivity. Therefore, the comprehensive sensitivity needs to be studied in order to evaluate the safety of pentazole nonmetallic salts.

[0003] However, current research on the overall sensitivity of such materials has limitations. Existing technologies only list single safety parameters such as friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity, without linking and integrating these parameters, which cannot fully reflect their overall safety characteristics and make it difficult to carry out scientific and effective comprehensive assessments. It is necessary to use multiple parameters to comprehensively assess the safety of pentaazole nonmetallic salts. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a safety assessment method suitable for pentaazole nonmetallic salts to fill the gap in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safety assessment method for pentazolium nonmetallic salts, which solves the problem of one-sidedness in existing assessments, achieves a comprehensive assessment of their safety, and provides a scientific reference for the storage and use of this type of salt.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Place the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample in a vacuum oven with a vacuum degree of 9 ~ 12 kPa and dry it at 30 °C for 2 h.

[0007] S2. The 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of pentaazole nonmetallic salt were experimentally measured, and the thermal explosion hazard coefficient was calculated according to the corresponding formulas. α 1. Risk factor of vacuum decomposition α 2. Impact risk factor α 3. Friction risk factor α 4. Thermal decomposition hazard factor α 5;

[0008] S3, calculate the result in step S2 α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. Sort them in descending order, and denote them as a, b, c, d, e;

[0009] S4. Based on the sorted a, b, c, d, and e, calculate the coefficients respectively. α T and eccentricity h ;

[0010] S5, based on coefficients α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of pentazol nonmetal salts was calculated. α .

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the thermal explosion hazard factor is calculated using the 5s explosion point. α 1. Specifically: the 5-second burst point is between 100 and 210 °C, assuming... α The burst point of 1 and 5 seconds is inversely proportional. α 1 = 19.09 – 0.091T E ;

[0012] Among them, T E The 5s burst point of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt was determined experimentally.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the vacuum decomposition hazard factor is obtained through vacuum stability calculation. α 2. Specifically: The vacuum stability of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample is the ratio of the outgassing amount of 0.5 g heated to 40 °C for 24 h to that of 0.5 g of sample, which is between 0 and 2 mL / g. Assuming... α 2 is directly proportional to the amount of gas released, then α 2 = 5S v ;

[0014] Among them, S v The vacuum stability of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample was measured in the experiment.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the impact hazard coefficient is obtained through impact sensitivity calculation. α 3. Specifically: Impact Sensitivity S k Between 2 and 40 J, assuming α 3 is inversely proportional to impact sensitivity, then α 3 = 10.52 – 0.263S k .

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the friction hazard coefficient is obtained by calculating the friction sensitivity. α 4. Specifically: Friction Sensitivity S f Between 0 and 100%, assuming α 4 is directly proportional to the friction sensitivity, then α 4 = 10 seconds f.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the thermal decomposition hazard factor is calculated by the decomposition temperature. α 5. Specifically: Decomposition temperature T d Between 75.2 and 124.8 °C, assuming α 5. The relationship between temperature and decomposition temperature is inversely proportional. α 5 = 25.190 – 0.202 T d .

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the coefficient α T The calculation formula is:

[0019] (1).

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the eccentricity h The calculation formula is:

[0021] (2).

[0022] Preferably, in step S5, the overall sensitivity is... α The calculation formula is:

[0023] (3).

[0024] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for safety assessment of pentaazole nonmetallic salts, which solves the problem that the existing technology only lists single parameters such as friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of pentaazole nonmetallic salts, resulting in a one-sided assessment. It realizes the assessment of the safety of pentaazole nonmetallic salts, and the assessment results provide a reference for the storage and use of pentaazole nonmetallic salts. At the same time, it adopts a comprehensive assessment of multiple factors, and the assessment values ​​are highly accurate and have strong practicality.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts includes the following steps:

[0030] S1. Place the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample in a vacuum oven with a vacuum degree of 9 ~ 12 kPa and dry it at 30 °C for 2 h.

[0031] S2. The 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of pentaazole nonmetallic salt were experimentally measured, and the thermal explosion hazard coefficient was calculated according to the corresponding formulas. α 1. Risk factor of vacuum decomposition α 2. Impact risk factor α 3. Friction risk factor α 4. Thermal decomposition hazard factor α 5:

[0032] α 1 = 19.09 – 0.091T E 5s burst point T E This is a classic method of expressing thermal sensitivity. The 5s burst point of pentaazole nonmetallic salts is generally between 100 and 210 °C. The lower the 5s burst point of a pentaazole nonmetallic salt, the more sensitive it is to thermal excitation, and the lower its safety. Therefore... α 1. When the 5-second burst point is less than or equal to 100 °C, the upper limit is set to 10; when the 5-second burst point is greater than or equal to 210 °C, the lower limit is set to 0; when the 5-second burst point is between (100–210) °C, it is assumed that... α The burst point of 1 and 5 seconds is inversely proportional. α 1 = 19.09 – 0.091T E .

[0033] α 2 = 5Sv Vacuum stability S v This is another measure of the thermal sensitivity of pentaazole nonmetallic salts. The vacuum stability of pentaazole nonmetallic salts is the ratio of the amount of gas released from a 0.5 g sample heated to 40 °C for 24 hours to the amount of gas released from a 0.5 g sample; this value is generally between (0 ~ 2) mL / g. The greater the amount of gas released by the pentaazole nonmetallic salt, the more sensitive it is to heat, and the greater the risk. Therefore... α 2. The upper limit is set at 10 when the gas release volume is greater than or equal to 2 mL / g; the lower limit is set at 0 when the gas release volume is close to 0 mL / g; and the gas release volume is assumed to be between (0 ~ 2) mL / g. α 2 is directly proportional to the amount of gas released, then α 2 = 5S v .

[0034] α 3 = 10.52 – 0.263S k Impact Sensitivity S k This describes the sensitivity of pentazolium nonmetallic salts to explosion or combustion under certain impact conditions. In this embodiment, a BAM drop hammer impact sensitivity meter is used. The impact sensitivity value of pentazolium nonmetallic salts is between (2~40) J; the lower the impact sensitivity value, the more sensitive it is to mechanical impact, and the greater the danger. Therefore... α 3. The upper limit is set at 10 when the impact sensitivity is less than or equal to 2 J; the lower limit is set at 0 when the impact sensitivity is greater than or equal to 40 J; and the impact sensitivity between (2 ~ 40) J is assumed to be... α 3 is inversely proportional to impact sensitivity, then α 3 = 10.52 – 0.263S k .

[0035] α 4 = 10 seconds f : Friction sensitivity S f This describes the sensitivity of pentazolium nonmetallic salts to explosion or combustion under certain frictional conditions. In this embodiment, a WM-1 type friction sensitivity meter was used, with test conditions of a 90 ± 1° swing angle, a gauge pressure of 3.92 ± 0.07 MPa, and a dosage of 20 ± 1 mg. The friction sensitivity value of pentazolium nonmetallic salts ranges from (0 to 100)%. A higher friction sensitivity value indicates greater sensitivity to friction and a greater risk. Therefore... α 4. The upper limit for friction sensitivity is set at 100%; the lower limit is set at 0% when friction sensitivity is close to 0%; and for friction sensitivity between (0~100)%, it is assumed that... α 4 is directly proportional to the friction sensitivity, then α 4 = 10 seconds f .

[0036] α 5 = 25.190 – 0.202 T d Decomposition temperature T d This is an important parameter for pentaazole nonmetallic salts, whose decomposition temperature ranges from 75.2 to 124.8 °C. The lower the decomposition temperature of a pentaazole nonmetallic salt, the lower its safety. α 5 is set as the upper limit, denoted as 10, for decomposition temperatures less than or equal to 75.2 °C; and as the lower limit, denoted as 0, for decomposition temperatures greater than or equal to 124.8 °C; for decomposition temperatures between (75.2 ~ 124.8) °C, it is assumed that... α 5. The relationship between temperature and decomposition temperature is inversely proportional. α 5 = 25.190 – 0.202 T d .

[0037] S3, calculate the result in step S2 α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. Sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e.

[0038] S4. Based on the sorted a, b, c, d, and e, calculate the coefficients respectively. α T and eccentricity h ,coefficient α T The calculation formula is:

[0039] (1);

[0040] Eccentricity h The calculation formula is:

[0041] (2);

[0042] S5, based on coefficients α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of pentazol nonmetal salts was calculated. α :

[0043] (3);

[0044] Among them, overall sensitivity α The value range is 0 to 10. α The higher the value, the worse the safety of pentazol nonmetallic salts.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Using pentazocine as the sample, the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of pentazocine were measured to be 162 °C, 1.3 mL / g, 7.4 J, 56%, and 99.6 °C, respectively. These were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5, respectively: α 1 = 4.35 α 2 = 6.50 α 3 = 8.57 α 4 = 5.60 α 5 = 5.07.

[0047] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. If we sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 8.57, b = 6.50, c = 5.60, d = 5.07, and e = 4.35.

[0048] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 3.60, h = 1.26.

[0049] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of pentazocine was calculated. α = 4.05.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Using pentazolidinyl hydroxylamine as the sample, the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of pentazolidinyl hydroxylamine were measured to be 158 °C, 0.87 mL / g, 5.5 J, 72%, and 105.5 °C, respectively. These were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 4.71 α 2 = 4.35 α 3 = 9.07 α 4=7.20、 α 5 = 3.88.

[0052] Will α1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. If we sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 9.07, b = 7.20, c = 4.71, d = 4.35, and e = 3.88.

[0053] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 3.44, h = 1.97.

[0054] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of pentazocine hydroxylamine was calculated. α = 4.12.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Using guanidine pentaazole salt as the sample, the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of guanidine pentaazole salt were measured to be 168 °C, 0.77 mL / g, 35 J, 16%, and 124.8 °C, respectively. These were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 3.80 α 2 = 3.85 α 3 = 1.32 α 4 = 1.60 α 5 = 0.

[0057] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. If we sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 3.85, b = 3.80, c = 1.60, d = 1.32, and e = 0.

[0058] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.46, h = 1.54.

[0059] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity hThe overall sensitivity of guanidine pentazocine salt was calculated. α = 0.53.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] Using formamidinium pentaazole salt as the sample, the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of formamidinium pentaazole salt were measured to be 152.8 °C, 0.352 mL / g, 35 J, 16%, and 99.8 °C, respectively. These were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 5.19 α 2 = 1.76 α 3 = 1.32 α 4 = 1.60 α 5 = 5.03.

[0062] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α If we sort 5 in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 5.19, b = 5.03, c = 1.76, d = 1.60, and e = 1.32.

[0063] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.93, h = 1.88.

[0064] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of formamidinium pentazolium salt was calculated. α = 1.10.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] Using 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine pentaazole salt as the sample, the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine pentaazole salt were experimentally measured to be 202.9 °C, 0.189 mL / g, greater than 40 J, 8%, and 121.4 °C, respectively. These were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 0.63 α 2 = 0.95 α 3=0、 α 4 = 0.8 α 5 = 0.67.

[0067] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. If we sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 0.95, b = 0.80, c = 0.67, d = 0.63, and e = 0.

[0068] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.034, h = 0.24.

[0069] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine pentazolium salt was calculated. α = 0.035.

[0070] Example 6

[0071] With amino (1 H -pyrazole-1-yl)methylimine pentazolium salt was used as the sample, and the amino group (1) was determined by the experiment. H The 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of pyrazole-1-yl)methylimine pentaazole salt are 169.5 °C, 0.105 mL / g, greater than 40 J, 4%, and 117.7 °C, respectively. These were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 3.67 α 2 = 0.52 α 3 = 0 α 4 = 0.4 α 5 = 1.41.

[0072] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. If we sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 3.67, b = 1.41, c = 0.52, d = 0.4, and e = 0.

[0073] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.122,h = 1.23.

[0074] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The amino group (1) was calculated. H Overall sensitivity of pyrazole-1-yl)methylene pentazonium salt α =0.137.

[0075] Example 7

[0076] Using 5-amino-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole pentaazole salt as the sample, the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of 5-amino-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole pentaazole salt were measured to be 157.7 °C, 0.079 mL / g, greater than 40 J, 4%, and 109.4 °C, respectively. These were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 4.74 α 2 = 0.39 α 3 = 0 α 4 = 0.40 α 5 = 3.09.

[0077] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. If we sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 4.74, b = 3.09, c = 0.40, d = 0.39, and e = 0.

[0078] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 0.32, h = 2.00.

[0079] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of 5-amino-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazolepentazole salt was calculated. α =0.384.

[0080] Example 8

[0081] Using 2-hydrazino-4,5-dihydro-imidazolium pentaazole salt as the sample, the 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of 2-hydrazino-4,5-dihydro-imidazolium pentaazole salt were experimentally measured to be 145.1 °C, 0.077 mL / g, 34 J, 12%, and 94.0 °C, respectively. The values ​​were calculated using the corresponding formulas. α 1 = 5.89 α 2 = 0.38 α 3 = 1.58 α 4 = 1.20 α 5 = 6.20.

[0082] Will α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. If we sort them in descending order and label them as a, b, c, d, and e, then a = 6.20, b = 5.89, c = 1.58, d = 1.20, and e = 0.38.

[0083] Calculate coefficients α T and eccentricity h ,get α T = 1.01, h = 2.68.

[0084] According to the coefficient α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity of 2-hydrazino-4,5-dihydro-imidazolium pentazolium salt was calculated. α =1.28.

[0085] The above eight embodiments are preferred embodiments of the safety assessment method for pentaazole nonmetallic salts of the present invention. Through the evaluation and verification of typical pentaazole nonmetallic salts such as pentaazole hydrazine, pentaazole hydroxylamine, and biguanide pentaazole salt, it has been fully demonstrated that the method can perform safety assessment of pentaazole nonmetallic salts, and the process is standardized and the results are reproducible.

[0086] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for safety assessment of pentaazole nonmetallic salts, which solves the problem that the existing technology only lists single parameters such as friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of pentaazole nonmetallic salts, resulting in a one-sided assessment. It realizes an accurate and comprehensive assessment of the multi-dimensional safety of this type of salt, provides a scientific reference for its storage and use, and the process is standardized and the operation is feasible.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample in a vacuum oven with a vacuum degree of 9 ~ 12 kPa and dry it at 30 °C for 2 h. S2. The 5s burst point, vacuum stability, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample were measured experimentally, and the thermal explosion hazard coefficient was calculated according to the corresponding formula. α 1. Risk factor of vacuum decomposition α 2. Impact risk factor α 3. Friction risk factor α 4. Thermal decomposition hazard factor α 5; S3, calculate the result in step S2 α 1. α 2. α 3. α 4. α 5. Sort them in descending order, and denote them as a, b, c, d, e; S4. Based on the sorted a, b, c, d, and e, calculate the coefficients respectively. α T and eccentricity h ; S5, based on coefficients α T and eccentricity h The overall sensitivity used to assess the safety of pentazol nonmetal salts was calculated. α .

2. The method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the thermal explosion hazard factor is calculated using the 5s burst point. α 1. Specifically: the 5-second burst point is between 100 and 210 °C, assuming... α The burst point of 1 and 5 seconds is inversely proportional. α 1 = 19.09–0.091T E ; Among them, T E The 5s burst point of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample was determined in the experiment.

3. The method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the vacuum decomposition hazard factor is obtained through vacuum stability calculation. α 2. Specifically: The vacuum stability of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample is the ratio of the outgassing amount of 0.5 g sample heated to 40 °C for 24 h to the amount of 0.5 g sample, which is between 0 and 2 mL / g. Assuming... α 2 is directly proportional to the amount of gas released, then α 2 = 5S v ; Among them, S v The vacuum stability of the pentaazole nonmetallic salt sample was measured in the experiment.

4. The method for safety assessment of pentazolium nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the impact hazard coefficient is obtained through impact sensitivity calculation. α 3. Specifically: Impact Sensitivity S k Between 2 and 40 J, assuming α 3 is inversely proportional to impact sensitivity, then α 3 = 10.52–0.263S k .

5. The method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the friction hazard coefficient is obtained by calculating the friction sensitivity. α 4. Specifically: Friction Sensitivity S f Between 0 and 100%, assuming α 4 is directly proportional to the friction sensitivity, then α 4 = 10s f .

6. The method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the thermal decomposition hazard factor is calculated using the decomposition temperature. α 5. Specifically: Decomposition temperature T d Between 75.2 and 124.8 °C, assuming α 5. The relationship between temperature and decomposition temperature is inversely proportional. α 5 = 25.190–0.202 T d .

7. The method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the coefficients α T The calculation formula is: （1）。 8. The method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the eccentricity h The calculation formula is: （2）。 9. The method for safety assessment of pentazol nonmetallic salts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the overall sensitivity is... α The calculation formula is: （3）。

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