Layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture complex equipment remote maintenance method

Abstract

The invention discloses a remote maintenance method for complex equipment of a layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture. Firstly, the maintenance content and the work flow of multi-person remote cooperation are defined, and flow control in the task process is deeply analyzed. Secondly, collaborative management is analyzed from maintenance role conflicts and maintenance operation conflicts, demand authority control and operation time sequence management are adopted, and the timeliness of multi-person collaboration is guaranteed. And then, the layered architecture, the MVC and the B / S architecture are fused, a remote maintenance support model based on an integrated architecture system is constructed, and the reliability and timeliness of the remote maintenance support model are ensured. And finally, main function modules in a remote maintenance support task process are displayed, disassembly and assembly of a power energy system are taken as an experimental task, the effectiveness and universality of the proposed IAR-RMS method are verified, and a result shows that the method can effectively realize a maintenance support task under the condition of multi-person remote cooperation in different places.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of complex equipment maintenance, and in particular relates to a remote maintenance method for complex equipment with a layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture. Background Art

[0002] With the three intelligent developments of manufacturing industry, namely mechanization, electrification and digitalization, the manufacturing and production of complex equipment has formed a very complete process and cycle. However, the current maintenance of complex equipment is still at the stage of simple maintenance, which cannot meet the actual needs, especially in terms of complete maintenance process and operation analysis, real-time maintenance work and comprehensive improvement of maintenance methods. At present, in the maintenance process represented by the aerospace field, due to the strong engineering application and the difficulty of accessing the actual maintenance site, traditional existing maintenance methods have shown more limitations. In particular, the design and implementation of maintenance work in the engineering design stage cannot rely on physical prototypes, which greatly limits the control of the implementation of the maintenance process. Therefore, the maintenance tasks for complex equipment urgently need a remote, real-time and collaborative technology to improve the existing maintenance work.

[0003] The continuous development of augmented reality (AR) technology has led to new breakthroughs in equipment maintenance analysis and repair methods, especially when considering complex and collaborative maintenance situations. AR integrates virtual information with the real world. Through various techniques such as 3D modeling and human-computer interaction, computer-generated virtual information—models, actions, and interactive information—is overlaid onto the real world. In the existing technology, the literature [YANG Y, YANG P,LI J, et al. Research on virtual haptic disassembly platform consideringdisassembly process[J / OL]. Neurocomputing, 2019, 348:74–81.] developed a more realistic virtual tactile disassembly platform to improve the efficiency of disassembly training and learning; the literature [KONSTANTINIDIS FK,KANSIZOGLOU I, SANTAVAS N, et al. MARMA: A Mobile Augmented RealityMaintenance Assistant for Fast-Track Repair Procedures in the Context ofIndustry 4.0[J / OL]. Machines, 2020, 8(4): 88.] proposed a user-centered AR assisted maintenance method to improve the maintenance efficiency of substation machines; the literature [LIU C, ZHANG Z, TANG D, et al. Amixed perception-based human-robot collaborative maintenance approach drivenby augmented reality and online deep reinforcement learning[J / OL]. Roboticsand Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2023, 83: 102568.] A human-robot collaborative maintenance method based on hybrid perception is proposed to help maintenance personnel interact with collaborative robots to perform auxiliary maintenance tasks without being restricted by space and human factors.The paper [CHEN C, TIAN Z, LI D, et al. Projection-based augmented reality system for assembly guidance and monitoring [J / OL]. Assembly Automation, 2020, 41(1): 10-23.] proposes a projection-based augmented reality system to improve the efficiency of assembly guidance and monitoring. In summary, augmented reality technology can effectively implement the maintenance guidance process of superimposed information, thereby improving maintenance efficiency and reducing maintenance time costs.

[0004] Although augmented reality-based assisted maintenance is a current research hotspot in maintenance, its application in complex equipment assisted maintenance still faces challenges, particularly in multi-person collaborative remote assisted maintenance methods. 1) Incomplete maintenance guidance information and processes. The maintenance process for complex equipment is typically carried out through a multi-party collaboration, with equipment users and spare parts manufacturers collaborating to complete the repair process. This complete maintenance process requires significant manpower and material resources, and its timeliness and efficiency cannot meet the current maintenance needs of complex equipment. 2) Conflicts exist in collaborative maintenance control. During multi-person collaborative assisted maintenance, simultaneous operations or conflicts can occur, leading to incorrect or missed maintenance operations, seriously impacting equipment safety and reliability. 3) Traditional remote collaboration models are incomplete. Due to the knowledge limitations of a single-point support model, the lack of a real-time collaborative platform for multi-experts, information fragmentation, and chaotic status management, traditional remote collaboration models have low collaborative efficiency in complex maintenance scenarios. Therefore, augmented reality-based assisted maintenance urgently requires a multi-level, multi-angle, and multi-dimensional remote maintenance support technology to meet the needs of increasingly complex maintenance systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the challenges faced by the above-mentioned multi-person collaborative remote assisted maintenance, this application proposes a complex equipment remote maintenance method IAR-RMS based on an augmented reality layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture. This method forms a complete remote maintenance collaborative framework, completes the maintenance tasks of multiple people in different locations more quickly, and improves the maintenance guarantee efficiency of complex equipment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on a layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture, comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining remote maintenance support guidance information and classifying the remote maintenance support guidance information; S2, based on the remote maintenance support guidance information, divide the remote maintenance support tasks into general simple tasks and complex equipment tasks, establish a process for each remote maintenance support task, and realize the interaction and transmission of information in the remote maintenance support task process; For the general simple task, first determine the equipment entity object and the task-related personnel, then conduct human-computer interaction between the equipment entity object and the corresponding virtual model to complete the information transmission in the simple task process; Analyze the process of the complex equipment mission, plan the maintenance content of the complex equipment mission according to the maintenance manual and related technical data of the complex equipment, and build a remote maintenance support mission process framework; S3: Collaboratively manage different remote maintenance support tasks. From the perspectives of maintenance role conflicts and maintenance operation conflicts, two control methods are established: maintenance role-oriented authority control and maintenance operation-oriented timing management. S4. According to the remote maintenance support task process framework and remote maintenance support collaborative management method, a remote maintenance support model based on a layered architecture, MVC and B / S integrated architecture system is designed to realize multi-person collaborative remote maintenance support tasks.

[0007] Furthermore, the maintenance role-oriented permission control method is specifically as follows: first, it is necessary to analyze the maintenance role system for personnel and divide the front-line maintenance personnel and the back-end remote expert personnel into different work roles; Based on the remote maintenance support collaboration process, preliminary matching of each work role to the needs is carried out, and a maintenance role authority planning table corresponding to each work role and actual work needs is formed; Design operation permissions for each person according to the maintenance role permission planning table.

[0008] Furthermore, the time series management method for maintenance operations is as follows: When multiple roles operate on the same object at the same time, conflicts arise. There are two situations: object-oriented and user-oriented. The object or user permission is locked according to the selected time. Specifically: First, build a virtual space based on augmented reality technology. In object-oriented time series management, all objects and their sub-objects in the virtual space are initially unselected. Any user with virtual-reality interaction permissions can operate them. When a user selects an object, it transitions from an inactive state to an active state and appears in the display space of all users. At the same time, the system locks control of the activated object to the user who first triggers activation, ensuring exclusive operation. In user-oriented time series management, user operation permissions are first clearly defined, and a corresponding authorized user library is established for each object. When a user in the user library starts to operate one of the objects, the system immediately closes the corresponding operation permissions of other users on the object and reopens them only after the current operation is completed, thereby ensuring that only a single user has the operation right at the same time.

[0009] Furthermore, the remote maintenance support model adopts a layered architecture design, including presentation layer, communication layer, access layer, storage layer and service layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the presentation layer displays the interface through both the AR glasses and the PC, and the operation information is transmitted to the view layer to realize interface rendering; the communication layer uses HTTP / HTTPS to realize protocol conversion and serve as transmission; the access layer realizes load balancing through nginx and interacts with the control layer; the storage layer uses structured data MySQL to ensure data persistence and inputs data into the model layer; the service layer deploys each business function separately.

[0011] Furthermore, the MVC architecture adopts the software design pattern of Web development, which includes three collaborative components: model layer, view layer and controller layer. Among them, the model layer is used to encapsulate business rules and data logic processing; the view layer is used to present the data information of the model layer to the user interface; the controller layer is used to receive user input instructions, call the model layer to perform business operations, and pass the processing results to the view layer for display.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the two-tier C / S architecture, the B / S architecture concentrates the core parts of the system function implementation on the server. The B / S architecture includes a presentation layer, a logic layer, and a persistence layer. Among them, the presentation layer, as the top layer, directly faces the user, receives user instructions through the browser and passes them to the logic layer; the logic layer is used to execute business logic, process requests from the presentation layer, return data, and initiate database operation requests; the persistence layer is used for data storage and management, and realizes the operations of adding, deleting, modifying and querying data.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1) A remote maintenance support process design and analysis method is proposed. This method organizes and categorizes the maintenance guidance information required during remote maintenance support missions, providing support for remote maintenance support process analysis. Based on this, an overall process framework for remote maintenance support missions is constructed, clarifying the transmission and interaction of maintenance guidance information during the mission. Finally, the process control of remote maintenance support missions is analyzed to manage process interactions during the support process.

[0014] 2) A collaborative management analysis method for remote maintenance support is proposed to avoid operational conflicts during multi-person collaboration. This method divides collaborative conflicts into maintenance role conflicts and maintenance operation conflicts. Maintenance role conflicts distinguish between participants based on their respective tasks and define corresponding permissions. Maintenance operation conflicts address the issue of multiple people operating the same object simultaneously. Two time series management methods are developed to avoid operational conflicts.

[0015] 3) A remote maintenance support model based on a layered, MVC, and B / S integrated architecture is proposed to enable multi-person collaborative remote maintenance support tasks. This model clarifies the interrelationships between the three components of the integrated architecture and explains the working mechanisms of the MVC and B / S architectures to ensure the reliability and timeliness of the remote maintenance support model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a framework diagram of the remote maintenance support task process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the maintenance process control flow of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the relationship between maintenance roles in the embodiment; FIG4 (a) is a schematic diagram of an object-oriented time series management process in an embodiment; FIG4( b ) is a schematic diagram of a user-oriented time series management process in an embodiment; Figure 5 This is the overall architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the MVC architecture diagram of remote maintenance support in the embodiment; Figure 7 This is a B / S framework diagram for remote maintenance support in the embodiment; Figure 8 This is a process framework diagram of the remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on the layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture of this application; Figure 9 This is a diagram of an application scenario of the augmented reality technology provided in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and drawings. The contents mentioned in the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] In order to solve the challenges faced by multi-person collaborative remote assisted maintenance, this application proposes a remote maintenance method for complex equipment with a layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture, so as to quickly complete the maintenance support tasks of multi-person collaboration in different locations and ensure the maintenance efficiency of complex equipment. First, in response to the problem of incomplete maintenance guidance information and processes, a remote maintenance support process design and analysis method is proposed to clarify the workflow of multi-person remote collaborative maintenance and serve as the basic support for subsequent content. Secondly, a remote maintenance support collaborative management analysis method is proposed to avoid role or operation conflicts in the process of multi-person collaboration. Finally, a remote maintenance support model based on a layered architecture, MVC and B / S integrated architecture system is proposed to realize multi-person collaborative remote maintenance support tasks and ensure the reliability and timeliness of remote maintenance support tasks.

[0019] This embodiment provides a remote maintenance method for complex equipment using a layered MVC-B / S integrated architecture. The process framework is shown in FIG8 and mainly includes four steps: Step 1: Remote maintenance support process design and analysis: First, organize and categorize the maintenance guidance information required during remote maintenance support tasks, including key information such as maintenance content and fault conditions. Second, build a remote maintenance support task process framework to clarify the interaction and transmission of information within the maintenance task process. Finally, conduct in-depth analysis of process control during the task process to ensure efficiency and stability.

[0020] Step 2: Remote maintenance support collaborative management analysis: The collaborative management analysis of remote maintenance support clarifies maintenance role conflicts and maintenance operation conflicts. Maintenance role conflicts differentiate the tasks and responsibilities of participating personnel and define corresponding permissions. Maintenance operation conflicts address the issue of multiple people operating the same object simultaneously, and two time series management methods are established to avoid the occurrence of operation conflicts.

[0021] Step 3: Building a remote maintenance support model based on an integrated architecture system: To address the incompleteness of traditional remote collaboration models, a remote maintenance support model based on a layered architecture, MVC, and B / S integrated architecture is proposed to enable multi-person collaborative remote maintenance support tasks. First, the layered, MVC, and B / S architectures are integrated to create an integrated architecture. Second, relationships are established between the sub-functional modules of the MVC and layered architectures to clarify the relationships between the models. Finally, the specific processes of the MB / S architecture are clarified to ensure the reliability and timeliness of the remote maintenance support model.

[0022] Step 4: IAR-RMS method verification: To validate the effectiveness of the proposed IAR-RMS method, this application further applies collaborative maintenance technology to conduct research on a collaborative maintenance system prototype and case study. On the one hand, the operational process and actual interface of the remote maintenance support system's main sub-modules are demonstrated. On the other hand, using the vehicle's power energy system as the maintenance target, the remote maintenance support system is used to achieve rapid maintenance support for the power energy system, improving maintenance efficiency, shortening troubleshooting time, and reducing maintenance errors caused by misoperation or misunderstanding.

[0023] The following is a detailed discussion of the implementation process of this application: In order to solve the problem of incomplete maintenance guidance information and processes, this embodiment systematically constructs and clarifies the workflow of multi-person remote collaborative maintenance, providing basic support for subsequent collaborative control and remote maintenance support models.

[0024] First, organize and categorize the maintenance guidance information required during remote maintenance support tasks, including key information such as maintenance content and fault conditions. Second, build a remote maintenance support task process framework to clarify the interaction and transmission of information within the maintenance task process. Finally, conduct in-depth analysis of process control during the task process to ensure efficiency and stability.

[0025] Maintenance guidance information is the basis for information exchange during the remote maintenance support process. It includes the physical parameters, structural composition, maintenance content, maintenance resources, and fault conditions required by the relevant participants in the maintenance process. It has a significant impact on whether the remote maintenance support process can be carried out, as shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1 Typical maintenance guidance information

[0027] The remote maintenance support process is accomplished through the flow and transmission of various types of maintenance guidance information and interaction with personnel. Augmented reality technology and an integrated architecture system are combined to control the display and presentation of maintenance guidance information. This remote maintenance support approach for complex equipment utilizes augmented reality spatial scene visualization technology and human-computer interaction to enable participants to receive, read, transmit, and share maintenance guidance information. Furthermore, a networked approach allows for the visualization of personnel and information at different endpoints, enhancing the coordination and user-friendliness of remote maintenance support and achieving information enhancement during the maintenance process.

[0028] Generally, the implementation of a simple remote maintenance support (RMS) task first requires the identification of the equipment entity and the personnel involved in the task. Typically, the personnel involved in a remote maintenance support task are composed of frontline maintenance personnel and remote experts. Secondly, human-computer interaction is performed between the equipment entity and the corresponding virtual model to effectively transmit information in the remote maintenance support task process, thereby forming a complete task closed loop. However, due to the structural complexity, diversity of failure states, and the particularity of the working environment, complex equipment leads to complex remote maintenance support task workflows, redundancy in the task process, and greater difficulty in overall remote maintenance support. Therefore, this section analyzes the remote maintenance support task process for complex equipment, plans the maintenance content of the complex equipment based on the maintenance manual and related technical information of the complex equipment, and constructs a remote maintenance support task process framework to improve the efficiency of remote maintenance support tasks.

[0029] Based on the maintenance manuals and related technical documentation for complex equipment, we systematically organize and design the remote maintenance support content, including the maintenance methods, maintenance levels, maintenance operation types, and maintenance actions for complex equipment. This creates a clear, efficient, and standardized remote maintenance support process, guiding maintenance personnel to accurately and safely complete maintenance support tasks for complex equipment. The details are shown in Table 2.

[0030] Table 2 Remote maintenance support maintenance content

[0031] In the process of remote maintenance support, the lack of a unified process framework has resulted in minimal improvement in maintenance efficiency during actual operation. Therefore, based on the maintenance content of remote maintenance support and combined with the actual maintenance step requirements, a remote maintenance support task process framework was constructed, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0032] First, for complex equipment maintenance targets, frontline maintenance personnel transmit the fault situation to remote experts, and both parties complete the fault location and isolation process. Second, both parties jointly determine the maintenance level and maintenance method for the maintenance target, typically using grassroots and relay levels to provide remote maintenance support. Then, based on the fault situation, maintenance level, and maintenance method, the required maintenance resources are identified and selected by maintenance personnel from a resource library. Finally, after comprehensive consideration of existing case studies and maintenance procedures, both parties present the information to frontline maintenance personnel in various interactive ways, such as images and videos. Experts provide simultaneous guidance and inspections, jointly completing the remote maintenance support task for complex equipment.

[0033] Maintenance process control is an important part of the remote maintenance support process. As the structural support for maintenance guidance information, it is a process interaction management for participating personnel processes. Combining workflow management technology and augmented reality technology, the maintenance processes of different ports are merged and displayed in a unified manner, and the function of modification and editing is provided, which enables personnel in different roles to reasonably and conveniently apply remote maintenance support processes to manage maintenance steps. In the remote maintenance support process control, the remote maintenance support guidance information-related content serves as the interactive basis for the maintenance process. Maintenance personnel and experts realize the transmission and interaction of guidance information through the remote maintenance support model. The remote maintenance support model serves as the core module to manage the entire maintenance task. The specific remote maintenance support process control process is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0034] First, frontline maintenance personnel transmit remote maintenance support guidance information to remote experts via the remote maintenance support model. Second, the remote experts develop a preliminary maintenance process based on the maintenance guidance information and transmit it to the frontline maintenance personnel via the remote collaborative control submodule. Then, using the case library submodule, the experts select similar failure cases and demonstrate them to the maintenance personnel. Finally, the maintenance personnel implement the maintenance steps based on the information obtained from the remote maintenance support model and provide real-time guidance information, thereby simultaneously adjusting the maintenance process and achieving the goal of remote maintenance support process control.

[0035] To address conflicts in maintenance collaborative control, a remote maintenance support collaborative process is proposed to avoid role control or operation conflicts during multi-person collaboration. This approach clarifies maintenance role conflicts and maintenance operation conflicts. The first approach distinguishes maintenance role conflicts based on the different tasks and functions of participating personnel, and defines corresponding permissions. The second approach addresses maintenance operation conflicts, addressing the issue of multiple people operating the same object simultaneously. Two time series management methods are established to prevent conflicting operations.

[0036] Regarding maintenance roles, specific analysis and research can be conducted at two levels: the role system of personnel in the collaborative system and the different permissions they possess.

[0037] 1) Analysis of the maintenance role system: Based on the original requirements of the module architecture, we first need to analyze the role system for personnel, and specifically divide the front-line maintenance personnel and the back-end remote experts into specific work roles, including maintenance personnel, technical support personnel, managers, decision makers, evaluators and analysts. The relationship between each role is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0038] Among them, maintenance personnel are responsible for on-site maintenance operations and may need assistance and guidance due to their unfamiliarity with equipment structure or operating procedures. Technical support personnel do not directly participate in maintenance, but have professional knowledge of equipment structure, fault diagnosis, and maintenance procedures. They can analyze and judge problems based on on-site conditions and provide technical guidance to maintenance personnel. Management personnel are responsible for the coordinated deployment of maintenance resources, matching technical support personnel based on the characteristics of the maintenance object and the type of fault to ensure efficient connection between the two ends of the maintenance network. Decision-makers formulate and organize the overall maintenance plan and implement it, dividing tasks and making execution decisions based on the fault mode and solution library. Evaluators inspect the functional performance recovery status of the equipment after maintenance, evaluate the maintenance effect based on product standard indicators, identify remaining problems, provide feedback on the results, and determine whether the equipment can return to production. Analysts monitor the entire maintenance process and the operational efficiency of the collaborative network, and conduct maintenance cost-benefit analysis and multi-dimensional evaluation of the collaborative system.

[0039] Based on the remote maintenance support collaboration process, a preliminary mapping of the needs of the above personnel can be performed, forming a table of the actual work requirements of different personnel, as shown in Table 3. Different personnel roles will lead to different allocation priorities in the network. From a demand perspective, port design can ensure that each user's use is more closely aligned with their actual situation.

[0040] Table 3 Maintenance role requirements correspondence table

[0041] 2) Permission setting management: During design, different permissions are set for different users. For example, personnel responsible for a specific area can only operate objects in that area. In the remote maintenance support collaborative system, different user roles have clear permission requirements based on their responsibilities. Actual maintenance personnel and technical support personnel require permission to interact with and control virtual scenarios; managers and decision-makers do not require such operational permissions. The core responsibility of evaluators is to assess the overall smoothness of the collaborative process and maintenance work, rather than recording maintenance details. Analysts focus on problems that arise during collaboration, new failure modes, and subsequent improvement plans. Specific role permissions are shown in Table 4.

[0042] Table 4 Maintenance role authority planning table

[0043] In this embodiment, the remote maintenance support collaboration process needs to combine augmented reality to manage maintenance role conflicts and maintenance operation conflicts. First, based on augmented reality technology, a virtual space composed of virtual objects is constructed, such as generating a three-dimensional model of a power energy system through AR equipment. Secondly, the virtual space based on augmented reality technology can overlap with the 3D printed model in the real space. Finally, through the maintenance step demonstration in AR glasses, the 3D printed model in the real space can be operated synchronously to achieve synchronous operation. Figure 9 The display shows the AR device's image, or virtual space. The virtual 3D model and the 3D-printed physical model overlap to provide maintenance guidance.

[0044] When operating a virtual model or editing a maintenance process displayed in an augmented reality spatial field of view, conflicts may arise due to multiple roles operating on the same object simultaneously. Therefore, this application adopts a time series management approach, divided into object-oriented and user-oriented, and locks objects or user permissions based on the activation time.

[0045] In object-oriented time series management, all objects and their sub-objects in the virtual space are initially in an inactive state. Any user with virtual-reality interaction permissions can operate on them, as shown in Figure 4(a). When a user clicks on an object, it transitions from an inactive state to an active state and appears in the display space of all users. Simultaneously, the system locks control of the activated object to the user who first triggers activation, ensuring exclusive control over the object based on chronological order.

[0046] In user-oriented time series management, the system first clearly defines user operation permissions and establishes a corresponding authorized user library for each object, as shown in Figure 4(b). When a user in the user library begins to operate an object, the system immediately closes the corresponding operation permissions for other users on that object and does not reopen them until the current operation is completed, thus ensuring that only a single user has operation rights at any given time.

[0047] Both object-oriented and user-oriented time series management use system time to determine the order of user activations. Their advantages include: accurate automatic determination, avoiding sequence conflicts caused by simultaneous operations; and an intuitive and reliable time-locking mechanism, ensuring that operators' interactive demonstrations are not disrupted by other users' clicks. User-oriented policies are more complex, requiring more granular classification and definition of system permissions, as well as storage of correspondence between users and virtual objects. Consequently, object-oriented time series management is more widely used.

[0048] To address the incompleteness of traditional remote collaboration models, this embodiment proposes a remote maintenance support model based on a layered architecture, MVC, and B / S integrated architecture system to enable multi-person collaborative remote maintenance support tasks. First, the layered, MVC, and B / S architectures are integrated to create an integrated architecture. Second, relationships are established between the sub-functional modules of the MVC and layered architectures to clarify the relationships between the models. Finally, the specific processes of the MB / S architecture are clarified to ensure the reliability and timeliness of the remote maintenance support model.

[0049] The remote maintenance support model adopts a layered architecture design, including a presentation layer, a communication layer, an access layer, a storage layer, and a service layer. At the same time, the layered architecture design is combined with the MVC architecture and the B / S architecture to construct an integrated architecture system. The presentation layer displays the interface through both the AR glasses and the PC, and transmits operation information to the View layer for interface rendering. The communication layer uses HTTP / HTTPS for protocol conversion and serves as a transmission bridge. The access layer uses nginx to achieve load balancing and interacts with the Controller layer to prevent the spread of single-point failures. The storage layer ensures data persistence through structured data MySQL and inputs data into the Model layer. The service layer deploys each business function separately, combining the Service layer and the Model layer to achieve complete functional operation. The detailed integrated architecture system is shown below.

[0050] The service layer includes 12 submodules: login, homepage statistics, My Remote Support, scheduled remote support, remote support process recording, real-time monitoring, remote support collaboration, knowledge base classification, knowledge base, user management, and role management. The login submodule implements user authentication and session management, ensuring functional operation through credential verification and permission allocation. The homepage statistics submodule visualizes the real-time status of key business indicators and provides a graphical summary of the data. The My Remote Support submodule provides access to personal remote maintenance support tasks, supporting both instant collaboration and scheduled collaboration. The scheduled remote support submodule manages remote maintenance support appointments for maintenance personnel and experts. The maintenance support process recording submodule records remote maintenance support data throughout the entire process. The real-time monitoring submodule dynamically tracks the progress of remote maintenance support, providing real-time feedback on screens and operation flows. The remote support collaboration submodule provides multi-person collaboration tools to support real-time remote maintenance. The knowledge base classification submodule organizes knowledge data in a structured manner, enabling multi-dimensional classification and tagging. The knowledge base stores technical documentation and maintenance cases. The user management submodule maintains the system account lifecycle. The role management submodule defines permission templates and assigns functional scopes. The menu management submodule dynamically configures the system navigation structure, generating a personalized menu tree based on role permissions.

[0051] MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a classic software design pattern widely used in Web development. Its core architecture consists of three independent and collaborative components: the model layer (Model), the view layer (View), and the controller layer (Controller). Among them, the model layer is responsible for encapsulating business rules and data logic processing; the view layer focuses on presenting the model's data information to the user interface; and the controller layer acts as an intermediary, receiving user input instructions, calling the model in the model layer to perform business operations, and passing the processing results to the view layer for display. This clear division of responsibilities makes the three components highly cohesive and decoupled from each other, significantly reducing the dependency and code redundancy between modules, and effectively improving the overall quality and maintainability of the software. The application of the MVC framework in the remote maintenance support model mainly has the following three aspects. The workflow is as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0052] 1) The Model layer is used by the remote maintenance support model to process maintenance business data logic, including maintenance guidance information such as maintenance object information and user information. For example, this layer handles data storage, verification, and updates.

[0053] 2) The View layer (View) is used for the remote maintenance support model display layer to implement dual-end interface rendering. It is responsible for displaying the data received from the model and providing a user interface. For example, the AR glasses display the 3D model, and the PC displays the remote maintenance support interface.

[0054] 3) The Controller layer is used by the remote maintenance support model to process user input received from the View layer and update the model and view based on the user input. For example, it receives user actions and verifies resources and permissions.

[0055] Based on an MVC architecture, the remote maintenance support model effectively decouples data logic processing, the presentation layer, and user interaction control. This separation significantly enhances the system's modularity, providing a clearer module structure and facilitating subsequent maintenance and functional expansion. Furthermore, the application of the MVC model enhances module security, operational stability, and portability, laying a solid technical foundation for the reliable operation and efficient management of remote maintenance support services.

[0056] The B / S (Browser / Server) architecture is a network architecture model that expands the traditional two-tier C / S (Client / Server) architecture into a three-tier one. This centralizes the core functionality of the system on the server, simplifying system development, maintenance, and usage. Systems designed based on the B / S architecture use a browser as the client, and all core system processing is located on the server, making system upgrades and maintenance much simpler. Furthermore, a B / S architecture requires no special installation; only a web browser is required. Most of the system logic is implemented in the backend, while the frontend primarily handles data rendering. Therefore, it enhances flexibility, taking into account the actual needs of remote maintenance support models.

[0057] The system based on B / S architecture can be divided into three layers: presentation layer, logic layer and persistence layer, which can realize mutual communication between them. Figure 7 The left half of the diagram is shown.

[0058] The presentation layer, as the top layer, directly faces users, receiving user commands through the browser and passing them to the business layer. The logic layer is the core processing unit, responsible for executing business logic, processing requests from the presentation layer, returning data, and initiating database operation requests to the next layer when necessary. The persistence layer is responsible for data storage and management, implementing persistent operations such as adding, deleting, modifying, and querying data. Each layer has a clear division of labor, forming a collaborative workflow of user interaction, business processing, and data storage.

[0059] The remote maintenance support model adopts a B / S architecture, with a three-tier structure consisting of the browser side, application service layer, and data storage layer. The browser side is responsible for presenting the user interface, receiving user operations and input information, and submitting them to the application service layer; the application service layer is the core of business logic processing, performing corresponding operations after receiving browser instructions, and passing processing results or operation requests to the data storage layer; the data storage layer is responsible for interacting with the database to complete operations such as persistent storage and update of data. For detailed process, see Figure 7 shown in the right half of .

[0060] The present invention has many specific application paths. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on a layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture, characterized in that: The maintenance method The following steps are involved: S1, obtaining remote maintenance support guidance information and classifying the remote maintenance support guidance information; S2, based on the remote maintenance support guidance information, divide the remote maintenance support tasks into general simple tasks and complex equipment tasks, establish a process for each remote maintenance support task, and realize the interaction and transmission of information in the remote maintenance support task process; For the general simple task, first determine the equipment entity object and the task-related personnel, then conduct human-computer interaction between the equipment entity object and the corresponding virtual model to complete the information transmission in the simple task process; Analyze the process of the complex equipment mission, plan the maintenance content of the complex equipment mission according to the maintenance manual and related technical data of the complex equipment, and build a remote maintenance support mission process framework; S3: Collaboratively manage different remote maintenance support tasks. From the perspectives of maintenance role conflicts and maintenance operation conflicts, two control methods are established: maintenance role-oriented authority control and maintenance operation-oriented timing management. S4. According to the remote maintenance support task process framework and remote maintenance support collaborative management method, a remote maintenance support model based on a layered architecture, MVC and B / S integrated architecture system is designed to realize multi-person collaborative remote maintenance support tasks.

2. The remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on the layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The maintenance role-oriented permission control method is as follows: first, it is necessary to analyze the maintenance role system for personnel and divide the front-line maintenance personnel and the back-end remote experts into different work roles; Based on the remote maintenance support collaboration process, preliminary matching of each work role to the needs is carried out, and a maintenance role authority planning table corresponding to each work role and actual work needs is formed; Design operation permissions for each person according to the maintenance role permission planning table.

3. The remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on the layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The time series management method for maintenance operations is as follows: When multiple roles operate on the same object at the same time, conflicts arise. There are two situations: object-oriented and user-oriented. The object or user permission is locked according to the selected time. Specifically: First, build a virtual space based on augmented reality technology. In object-oriented time series management, all objects and their sub-objects in the virtual space are initially unselected. Any user with virtual-reality interaction permissions can operate them. When a user selects an object, it transitions from an inactive state to an active state and appears in the display space of all users. At the same time, the system locks control of the activated object to the user who first triggers activation, ensuring exclusive operation. In user-oriented time series management, user operation permissions are first clearly defined, and a corresponding authorized user library is established for each object. When a user in the user library starts to operate one of the objects, the system immediately closes the corresponding operation permissions of other users on the object and reopens them only after the current operation is completed, thereby ensuring that only a single user has the operation right at the same time.

4. The remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on the layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The remote maintenance support model adopts a layered architecture design, including the display layer, communication layer, access layer, storage layer and service layer.

5. The remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on the layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The display layer displays the interface through both the AR glasses and the PC, and the operation information is transmitted to the view layer to realize interface rendering; the communication layer uses HTTP / HTTPS to realize protocol conversion and serve as transmission; The access layer uses nginx to achieve load balancing and interact with the control layer; the storage layer uses structured data MySQL to ensure data persistence and inputs data into the model layer; the service layer deploys each business function separately.

6. The remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on the layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The MVC architecture adopts the software design pattern of Web development and includes three collaborative components: model layer, view layer and controller layer. Among them, the model layer is used to encapsulate business rules and data logic processing; the view layer is used to present the data information of the model layer to the user interface; the controller layer is used to receive user input instructions, call the model layer to perform business operations, and pass the processing results to the view layer for display.

7. The remote maintenance method for complex equipment based on layered-MVC-B / S integrated architecture according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the two-tier C / S architecture, the B / S architecture concentrates the core parts of the system function implementation on the server. The B / S architecture includes a presentation layer, a logic layer, and a persistence layer. The presentation layer, as the top layer, directly faces the user, receives user instructions through the browser and passes them to the logic layer; the logic layer is used to execute business logic, process requests from the presentation layer, return data, and initiate database operation requests; the persistence layer is used for data storage and management, and implements operations such as adding, deleting, modifying, and querying data.

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