Automobile fan motor and control circuit

Abstract

The application relates to an automobile fan motor, which comprises a shell, a rotating shaft arranged in the shell, a mounting frame for mounting a commutator and a carbon brush, a carbon powder guide structure arranged on the mounting frame, a wind channel arranged on both sides of the mounting frame, a mounting groove for embedding the commutator and the carbon brush, an inner shell for mounting the rotating shaft and the mounting frame, an outer shell arranged on the outer periphery of the inner shell, a powder discharge vane arranged on the side of the rotating shaft extending into the outer shell and facing the mounting frame, a first ventilation groove arranged on the side of the outer shell and facing the powder discharge vane, and a spiral channel arranged in the discharge cavity. The first ventilation groove is communicated with the mounting groove. The powder discharge vane and the first ventilation groove cooperate to generate directional wind force, the carbon powder in the mounting groove is blown into the wind channel, and the spiral channel in the discharge cavity enhances the carbon powder conveying through centrifugal force and auxiliary airflow introduced through the second ventilation groove.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fan motors, and more specifically to an automotive fan motor and its control circuit. Background Technology

[0002] The automotive fan motor is a core power component of the automotive cooling system. Its main function is to drive the radiator fan and condenser fan, using forced air convection to remove heat from the engine coolant and air conditioning system, ensuring the engine operates within a suitable temperature range. Its structure typically consists of a DC motor including a stator, rotor, commutator, bearings, fan blade connecting shaft, and control module. The operating voltage is usually 12V or 24V, and the speed can be dynamically adjusted by a temperature sensor or ECU based on engine operating conditions. Based on the object being cooled, they can be divided into engine cooling fan motors and air conditioning condenser fan motors. The former directly affects the engine's thermal management efficiency, while the latter is related to the air conditioning's cooling performance.

[0003] CN205992819U discloses a DC motor brush holder structure, including a frame. The frame has two carbon brush sleeves located on opposite sides of the carbon brush working chamber. Each sleeve has a carbon brush mounting position. The frame also has an air duct connecting the carbon brush working chamber to the outside of the frame. This structure can improve the motor withstand voltage breakdown caused by carbon powder accumulation. Through structural design, carbon powder accumulated on the brushes during high-speed aging friction with the commutator is discharged along the air duct designed on the brush holder, preventing the carbon powder from communicating with the motor housing, thus solving the safety hazard caused by withstand voltage breakdown. However, this technology cannot effectively remove carbon powder. Centralized processing is necessary because most carbon powder is made of graphite. Simply venting carbon powder without centralized treatment allows it to disperse into the engine. The hard and abrasive carbon powder particles can enter friction points such as pistons, cylinder walls, and bearings during engine operation, damaging the lubricating oil film, leading to abnormal wear and shortening engine life. Furthermore, sparks generated by electrical discharges, high-temperature components, or mechanical friction within the engine can pose safety hazards. Although this technology includes air ducts, there is no corresponding force to expel the carbon powder; only a small amount can pass through the ducts, leaving a significant amount accumulating in the mounting slots of the mounting bracket, causing powder buildup inside the motor. Therefore, this technology still has room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automotive fan motor and control circuit that addresses the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automotive fan motor, comprising a housing, wherein a rotating shaft and a mounting bracket for mounting a commutator and carbon brushes are rotatably disposed within the housing, and the mounting bracket is provided with a conductive structure for toner conduction, characterized in that: the conductive structure includes air ducts disposed on both sides of the mounting bracket and mounting grooves for embedding the commutator and carbon brushes; the housing includes an inner shell for mounting the rotating shaft and the mounting bracket and an outer shell disposed on the outer periphery of the inner shell; the rotating shaft extends into the outer shell and is provided with a toner discharge blade on the side facing the mounting bracket; the outer shell is provided with a first ventilation groove on the side of the toner discharge blades to enable the air force generated by the toner discharge blades to blow toner into the air ducts; the first ventilation groove communicates with the mounting groove; the outer shell is provided with a discharge structure for toner discharge on one or both sides, the discharge structure communicating with the air ducts; and a toner collection box is provided on the outer periphery of the housing, the toner collection box and the discharge structure being detachably installed.

[0006] The above technical solution involves dividing the housing into an inner shell and an outer shell. The inner shell houses the rotating shaft and a mounting bracket for the commutator and carbon brushes. Air ducts are located on both sides of the mounting bracket. The commutator and carbon brushes are embedded in the mounting groove. The rotating shaft extends into the outer shell and has dust removal blades facing the mounting bracket. A first ventilation slot is opened on the outer shell corresponding to the dust removal blades and communicates with the mounting groove. A discharge structure communicating with the air ducts is located on one or both sides of the outer shell. A removable dust box is located on the outer periphery of the housing. The working principle is as follows: when the motor is running, the carbon dust generated by the friction between the carbon brushes and the commutator accumulates in the mounting groove. The rotating shaft drives the dust removal blades to rotate, introducing external air through the first ventilation slot to form a directional airflow that directly acts on the carbon dust in the mounting groove. This design encourages toner to enter the exhaust structure along the air ducts on both sides of the mounting frame, and finally be guided into the toner box for centralized collection. The toner exhaust blades, in conjunction with the first ventilation slot, provide active airflow, solving the problem of insufficient power in traditional passive toner exhaust and ensuring efficient toner entry into the air ducts. The air ducts and exhaust structure form a directional channel, preventing toner from accumulating inside the motor. The toner box is detachable, facilitating regular cleaning of the collected toner and preventing toner from drifting outside the motor or inside the engine. This eliminates insulation failure and safety hazards caused by toner accumulation. At the same time, the double-layer structure design of the inner and outer shells isolates the toner exhaust system from the core components of the motor, preventing toner from contaminating other components inside the motor.

[0007] The aforementioned automotive fan motor can be further configured such that: the discharge structure includes discharge chambers disposed on one or both sides of the housing, the discharge chambers are connected to the air duct, the discharge chambers are provided with a spiral channel, the housing is provided with a second ventilation slot at the top of the discharge chambers, and the end of the discharge chambers is connected to and detachably connected to the powder box.

[0008] Using the above technical solution, a discharge chamber is set on one or both sides of the outer casing. The discharge chamber is directly connected to the air duct and has a spiral channel inside. A second ventilation slot is opened at the top of the discharge chamber on the outer casing, and its end is detachably connected to the toner box. The working principle is that after the toner transported by the air duct enters the discharge chamber, it flows along the spiral path of the spiral channel. The spiral structure provides directional guidance for the toner. At the same time, the second ventilation slot at the top of the outer casing introduces external air, forming an auxiliary airflow in the discharge chamber, which enhances the propulsion of the toner in the spiral channel. After the toner is transported to the end of the discharge chamber through the spiral channel, it directly enters the detachably connected toner box for collection. The spiral channel extends the toner flow path through a continuous curved path, and uses the synergistic effect of centrifugal force and airflow to prevent toner from depositing and clogging in the cavity. The external airflow introduced by the second ventilation slot supplements the toner discharge power, solving the problem of reduced toner discharge efficiency caused by airflow attenuation when using a single air duct. The detachable connection between the discharge cavity and the toner box realizes a closed path for toner from discharge to collection, preventing toner from drifting to the outside of the motor during discharge. At the same time, the spiral channel and the second ventilation slot work together to ensure that the toner maintains a continuous flow state in the discharge cavity, avoiding residual accumulation due to insufficient power, and further reducing the risk of toner entering the core components of the motor.

[0009] The aforementioned automotive fan motor can be further configured as follows: the powder box includes a box body fitted around the outer periphery of the outer shell, the box body is provided with a collection chamber for collecting toner, the collection chamber is provided with magnetic cotton for adsorbing the powder, the upper end of the box body is provided with a connecting groove connected to the discharge chamber, the end of the discharge chamber is provided with a connecting foot connected to the connecting groove, the connecting foot is provided with a snap-fit ​​buckle, the inner wall of the connecting groove is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove for snap-fitting the snap-fit ​​buckle, the discharge chamber and the collection chamber are connected and communicated through the connecting foot and the connecting groove, and the box body is provided with a sealing structure at the connection between the connecting foot and the connecting groove for closing and sealing after the box body is disassembled.

[0010] Using the above technical solution, the box body is fitted onto the outer perimeter of the outer shell, with an internal collection chamber containing magnetic cotton. A connecting groove is located at the upper end of the box body, and a connecting foot with a snap-fit ​​buckle is located at the end of the discharge chamber. A locking groove is located on the inner wall of the connecting groove, allowing the discharge chamber and collection chamber to communicate through the snap-fit ​​buckle and locking groove. A sealing structure is provided at the connection point. After the toner enters the collection chamber from the discharge chamber, the magnetic cotton absorbs the toner, preventing it from moving or scattering freely within the collection chamber. When cleaning is required, the toner box is disassembled by separating the snap-fit ​​buckle and locking groove. At this time, the sealing structure automatically closes the connecting groove, preventing residual toner leakage. After cleaning, The collection function is restored by reconnecting the snap-fit ​​buckle and slot. The magnetic cotton acts directly on the toner, using magnetic adsorption to fix the toner in the collection chamber, solving the problem of toner scattering during collection. The snap-fit ​​buckle and slot allow for a detachable connection between the toner box and the discharge chamber, facilitating regular toner cleaning. The sealing structure closes the connection slot during disassembly, preventing toner from leaking from the connection point to the outside of the motor and avoiding toner contamination of the engine or other components. At the same time, the design of the outer shell covering the box completely isolates the collection chamber from the inside of the motor, further preventing toner from entering the core area of ​​the motor.

[0011] The aforementioned automotive fan motor can be further configured such that: the sealing structure includes an installation cavity disposed within the collection chamber and located at the connecting groove; the installation cavity is provided with a cover plate capable of axial movement along the horizontal direction; the end of the cover plate is provided with a limiting block that abuts against and limits the inner wall of the installation cavity; an installation post is provided within the installation cavity along the horizontal direction; a return spring is sleeved on the installation post; one end of the return spring abuts against the inner wall of the installation cavity and the other end abuts against the limiting block; the return spring causes the cover plate to remain in a normally closed state when the connecting foot is disassembled from the connecting groove.

[0012] Using the above technical solution, an installation cavity is provided inside the collection chamber at the connecting groove. The installation cavity has an axially movable cover plate along the horizontal direction. A limiting block is provided at the end of the cover plate to abut against the inner wall of the installation cavity. An installation column is horizontally provided inside the installation cavity. A return spring is sleeved on the installation column. The two ends of the spring abut against the inner wall of the installation cavity and the limiting block, respectively, so that the cover plate remains normally closed when the connecting foot is disassembled from the connecting groove. When the toner box is installed, the connecting foot is inserted into the connecting groove and squeezes the cover plate. The cover plate drives the limiting block to compress the return spring and move axially along the installation column to open the connecting groove. The toner can enter the collection chamber through the connecting groove. When the toner box is disassembled, the connecting foot is removed from the connecting groove. The return spring returns to its deformation and pushes the limiting block to move the cover plate in the opposite direction along the installation column until the limiting block abuts against the inner wall of the installation cavity, and the cover plate completely closes the connecting groove.

[0013] The aforementioned automotive fan motor can be further configured as follows: a motor control box is provided on one side of the housing, the motor control box includes a cavity for mounting a control circuit board, a plug-in terminal for electrical connection with the vehicle's infotainment system is provided on one side of the motor control box, the control circuit board is electrically connected to the plug-in terminal, the rotating shaft includes an inner shaft and an outer shaft, the powder discharge blades are connected to the inner shaft, and the end of the inner shaft facing the powder discharge blades is provided with a clutch structure that can be linked with the outer shaft, the control circuit board can control the clutch structure to control the linkage between the outer shaft and the inner shaft to cause the powder discharge blades to rotate intermittently, the control circuit board can also detect the amount of toner in the housing and provide feedback to the vehicle's infotainment system.

[0014] Using the above technical solution, a motor control box is located on one side of the housing, with a control circuit board installed in its internal cavity. A connector on the other side connects electrically to the vehicle's infotainment system, and the control circuit board is electrically connected to the connector. The rotating shaft consists of an inner shaft and an outer shaft. The toner discharge blades are connected to the inner shaft, which is linked to the outer shaft via a clutch mechanism. The control circuit board controls the clutch mechanism to achieve the linkage between the outer and inner shafts, causing the toner discharge blades to rotate intermittently. Simultaneously, it detects the amount of toner in the housing and feeds it back to the vehicle's infotainment system. The control circuit board receives signals from the vehicle's infotainment system and transmits control commands through the connector. When toner discharge is required, the control circuit board drives the clutch mechanism to link the outer and inner shafts. The outer shaft drives the inner shaft to rotate, which in turn causes the toner discharge blades to rotate, generating airflow to discharge the toner. After toner discharge is complete, the clutch mechanism disengages, and the toner is discharged. The blades stop rotating; simultaneously, the control circuit board monitors the toner level inside the cartridge in real time and feeds the results back to the vehicle's infotainment system via a connector; the clutch mechanism controls the intermittent linkage between the inner and outer shafts, ensuring that the toner-discharging blades only operate when needed, avoiding energy waste and increased load caused by continuous operation, and preventing interference with the normal operation of the fan motor; the electrical connection between the control circuit board and the vehicle's infotainment system enables real-time feedback of toner level information, solving the problem of traditional motors lacking toner level monitoring and relying on manual inspection, facilitating timely toner cleaning and preventing accumulation; by uniformly controlling the start / stop of the toner-discharging blades and toner level detection through the control circuit board, the controllability of motor operation is improved, ensuring the efficiency of the toner discharge and collection process, and further reducing safety hazards caused by toner accumulation.

[0015] An automotive fan motor employing the above technology can be further configured as follows: the clutch structure includes a clutch housing, the inner shaft and the outer shaft are rotatably disposed at the center of the clutch housing, the end of the outer shaft is provided with a plurality of magnetic columns that generate magnetic force when energized, the inner shaft is sleeved with a magnetic block, the inner shaft is provided with an annular inner groove at the magnetic block, the magnetic block can move axially within the annular inner groove, the inner groove is sleeved with a retaining spring, the retaining spring causes the magnetic block and the magnetic columns to be misaligned in a perpendicular direction.

[0016] Using the above technical solution, the inner and outer shafts are rotatably positioned at the center inside the clutch housing. Several magnetic columns that generate magnetic force when energized are located at the end of the outer shaft. A magnetic block is fitted onto the inner shaft, and an annular groove is opened at the position corresponding to the magnetic block on the inner shaft. The magnetic block can move axially within the groove. A retaining spring is fitted into the groove, causing the magnetic block and magnetic columns to be vertically misaligned. Under normal conditions, the retaining spring pushes the magnetic block into the annular groove, causing the magnetic block and the magnetic columns at the end of the outer shaft to be vertically misaligned, and the inner and outer shafts are not linked, so the powder discharge blades do not rotate. When the magnetic columns are energized and generate magnetic force, the magnetic force attracts the magnetic block, which overcomes the spring force of the retaining spring and moves axially along the annular groove until the magnetic block and magnetic columns align and engage. At this point, the outer shaft... The inner shaft rotates synchronously via magnetic drive, initiating the powder discharge blades. Upon power failure, the magnetic force disappears, and the retaining spring pushes the magnetic block back to its vertically misaligned state, separating the inner and outer shafts and stopping the powder discharge blades. Intermittent linkage between the inner and outer shafts is achieved through the magnetic attraction between the magnetic column and the magnetic block, allowing the powder discharge blades to start intermittently. This solves the energy consumption problem of continuous operation of the powder discharge structure and avoids increasing the load on the motor drive. The retaining spring ensures that the magnetic block automatically resets after power failure, preventing accidental linkage between the inner and outer shafts. The annular inner groove provides stable axial movement guidance for the magnetic block, ensuring precise and reliable clutch action. This purely mechanical structure enables on-demand control of the powder discharge power, improving the energy efficiency and reliability of the powder discharge system.

[0017] The aforementioned control circuit for an automotive fan motor can be further configured as follows: the control circuit includes a detection circuit for detecting toner quantity, a microcontroller U1, a gap conduction circuit for intermittently controlling the on / off state of the magnetic column, and a power supply circuit. The detection circuit includes an electrode sensor disposed on the side wall of the collection chamber. A resistor R1 is connected in series at the input terminal of the electrode sensor, and a signal amplifier U4 for signal amplification is connected in series at the output terminal of the electrode sensor. An A / D converter U5 for converting voltage signals into digital signals is connected in parallel with the signal amplifier. A storage operation chip U2 for storing initial resistance values ​​and full-load resistance values ​​is connected in series at the output of the A / D converter. A capacitor C1 is connected in series at the output of the storage operation chip U2. The power supply circuit includes a voltage regulator chip U3. A Zener diode D3 is connected in series at the input terminal of the voltage regulator chip U3. A capacitor C4 and a capacitor C5 are connected in parallel between the Zener diode D3 and the voltage regulator chip. A Zener diode D2 is connected in parallel at the input terminal of the Zener diode D3. A capacitor C6 is connected in series with the voltage regulator chip U3.

[0018] Using the above technical solution, the control circuit consists of a detection circuit, a microcontroller U1, a gap conduction circuit, and a power supply circuit. In the detection circuit, the electrode sensor on the side wall of the collection cavity is connected in series with a resistor R1, and its output is connected to a signal amplifier U4. The amplifier is connected in parallel with an A / D converter U5, and its output is connected in series with a storage chip U2 that stores the initial and full-load resistance values, and a capacitor C1. In the power supply circuit, the input terminal of the voltage regulator chip U3 is connected in series with a Zener diode D3, and capacitors C4 and C5 are connected in parallel between D3 and the voltage regulator chip. The input terminal of D3 is connected in parallel with a Zener diode D2, and the voltage regulator chip U3 is connected in series with a capacitor C6. When toner accumulates in the collection cavity, the electrode sensor detects the resistance change and inputs a signal through resistor R1. The signal amplifier U4 amplifies the voltage signal, and then the A / D converter U5 converts it into a digital signal, which is transmitted to the storage chip U2. The signal is compared with the pre-stored initial resistance value (no toner) and full-load resistance value (toner saturation) to calculate the resistance. The current toner level is monitored. In the power supply circuit, Zener diodes D2 and D3 suppress input voltage fluctuations, capacitors C4 and C5 filter out high-frequency interference, and the voltage regulator chip U3 outputs a stable voltage, which is then filtered twice by capacitor C6 to power the control circuit. The microcontroller U1 controls the intermittent switching of the magnetic column through a gap conduction circuit based on the toner level data stored in the computing chip U2. The detection circuit achieves accurate monitoring of the toner level through resistance changes, solving the problem of toner accumulation caused by traditional lack of monitoring. The signal amplifier and A / D converter improve the accuracy of the detection signal, and the computing chip performs threshold comparison, providing a basis for judgment for toner removal control. The power supply circuit uses multi-stage voltage regulation and filtering design to ensure stable operation of the detection circuit and control unit under automotive voltage fluctuations. The gap conduction circuit ensures that the magnetic column is energized only when the toner level reaches the threshold, driving the toner removal blades to operate, avoiding continuous energy consumption, achieving on-demand toner removal, and further reducing the risk of toner accumulation.

[0019] The aforementioned control circuit for an automotive fan motor can be further configured as follows: the microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the storage and processing chip U2; the output terminal of the microcontroller U1 is connected in series with resistors R2 and R3; resistor R3 is connected in series with capacitor C3; the output terminal of capacitor C3 is connected to a light-emitting diode D1; the output terminal of the microcontroller U1 is also connected to a load K1 for displaying numerical values; and capacitor C2 is connected in series between the microcontroller U1 and the load K1.

[0020] Using the above technical solution, the related circuit of the microcontroller U1 addresses the problem of lack of real-time status feedback and display of toner level in the background technology. The microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the storage and processing chip U2. Its output terminal is connected in series with resistors R2 and R3, followed by a capacitor C3 in series and then an LED D1. Simultaneously, the output terminal is also connected to a load K1 for displaying the numerical value, with a capacitor C2 connected in series between them. The storage and processing chip U2 transmits the calculated toner level data to the microcontroller U1, and the microcontroller U1 controls the output signal based on the data. The current, after being limited by resistors R2 and R3, is filtered by capacitor C3, driving the LED D1 to light up or flash, thus realizing the light indication of the toner level status. Simultaneously... The output signal from the microcontroller U1 is filtered by capacitor C2 and then transmitted to the load K1, driving the load K1 to display a specific value. Resistors R2 and R3 limit the current to prevent excessive current from damaging the LED D1 and the load K1. Capacitors C3 and C2 filter high-frequency interference in the circuit, ensuring the stability of the LED D1 indicator and the accuracy of the value displayed by the load K1. The LED D1 can intuitively reflect whether the toner level has reached the threshold (e.g., lit indicates that the toner is full), while the load K1 displays the specific toner level numerically. This solves the problem of not being able to obtain the toner status in real time in traditional technology, making it easier for users to understand and deal with toner accumulation in a timely manner, and further reducing the safety hazards caused by excessive toner.

[0021] The aforementioned control circuit for an automotive fan motor can be further configured as follows: the gap conduction circuit includes a resistor R4 connected to the output terminal of a microcontroller U1; the resistor R4 is connected in series with a contactor KM electrically connected to a magnetic column; the contactor KM is connected in parallel with a time relay KT1, an intermediate relay KA, and a time relay KT2; a normally closed contact of the intermediate relay KA is provided between the contactor KM and the resistor R4; a normally open contact of the time relay KT1 and a normally closed contact of the time relay KT2 are provided between the intermediate relay and the resistor R4; a normally closed contact of the time relay KT2 is provided between the time relay KT2 and the resistor R4; and a resistor R5 is connected to the output of the contactor KM.

[0022] Using the above technical solution, the output terminal of the microcontroller U1 is connected to a resistor R4, and a contactor KM is connected in series with the magnetic column. The contactor KM is connected in parallel with a time relay KT1, an intermediate relay KA, and a time relay KT2. A normally closed contact of the intermediate relay KA is provided between the contactor KM and the resistor R4. A normally open contact of the time relay KT1 and a normally closed contact of the time relay KT2 are provided between the intermediate relay and the resistor R4. A normally closed contact of the time relay KT2 itself is provided between the time relay KT2 and the resistor R4. The output terminal of the contactor KM is connected to a resistor R5. After the output signal from the microcontroller U1 is current-limited by the resistor R4, it triggers the normally open contact of the time relay KT1 to close. At this time, the normally closed contact of the intermediate relay KA remains open, and current flows through the coil of the contactor KM, causing it to be attracted. The magnetic column is energized, generating magnetic force to drive the powder-discharging blades to rotate. Simultaneously, the time relay KT1 starts timing, and its normally open contact opens after the set time is reached. When the intermediate relay KA is de-energized, its normally closed contact opens, de-energizing the contactor KM coil, de-energizing the magnetic column, and stopping the toner removal blades. The time relay KT2 starts timing when the contactor KM is energized, and its normally closed contact opens after a set interval, cutting off the intermediate relay KA circuit. After resetting, it re-enters the cycle. Through the contact logic coordination of time relays KT1 and KT2 with the intermediate relay KA, the intermittent switching of the contactor KM is achieved, controlling the periodic power supply to the magnetic column, ensuring the toner removal blades operate only within the set time period, thus solving the energy consumption problem of continuous operation. Resistors R4 and R5 respectively limit the current in the control circuit and the magnetic column circuit to prevent component overload damage. The mechanical linkage of the contacts ensures precise switching timing. By controlling the energization duration and interval of the magnetic column, the toner removal efficiency and energy consumption are balanced, preventing ineffective energy consumption due to continuous toner removal, while ensuring timely toner removal and preventing accumulation.

[0023] A control method for an automotive fan motor employing the above technology can be further configured as follows:

[0024] S1, the toner cartridge is snapped into the housing, the motor starts, and the commutator and brushes generate toner;

[0025] S2, the powder blowing blades inside the outer shell are activated intermittently to blow the generated toner into the spiral channel and into the powder box, where the powder box collects the powder;

[0026] S3, the detection circuit on the side of the toner cartridge performs ADC sampling and resistance detection to calculate the toner threshold and feed it back to the vehicle's infotainment system;

[0027] S4: When the toner level reaches the threshold, the vehicle's infotainment system will issue an alarm, disassemble the toner cartridge to process the toner, and reset the toner threshold in the cartridge to zero.

[0028] Using the above technical solution, the toner cartridge is installed on the outer casing via a snap-fit ​​mechanism. After the motor starts, the commutator and brushes rub against each other to generate toner. The snap-fit ​​mechanism ensures a sealed connection between the collection chamber and the discharge structure. During motor operation, the mechanical friction between the carbon brushes and the commutator naturally generates toner, providing initial conditions for the subsequent toner discharge process. The blowing blades inside the outer casing activate intermittently, generating directional airflow to blow the toner into the spiral channel, ultimately collecting it in the toner cartridge. The detection circuit on one side of the toner cartridge calculates the toner threshold using ADC sampling and resistance detection, and feeds it back to the vehicle's infotainment system. Toner accumulation inside the cartridge causes a change in the resistance of the electrode sensor. The detection circuit converts the resistance signal into a digital signal and compares it with a preset threshold to calculate the current toner level. This calculation is then transmitted to the vehicle's infotainment system via an electrical signal. When the toner level reaches the full threshold, the infotainment system triggers an alarm. After the toner cartridge is removed and cleaned, the toner threshold is reset to zero. When the detection circuit determines that the toner level has reached the preset upper limit, the infotainment system notifies the user via an alarm signal. After the toner cartridge is removed and the internal toner is cleaned, the system resets the threshold parameters to restore the initial detection state. The alarm prompts to prevent toner overflow, and the removal and cleaning prevent long-term toner accumulation that could cause safety hazards. Zeroing the threshold ensures the accuracy of the next detection cycle.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0030] The dust removal blades work in conjunction with the first ventilation slot to generate directional airflow, blowing the toner in the mounting slot into the air duct. The spiral channel in the discharge chamber enhances toner delivery through centrifugal force and the auxiliary airflow introduced by the second ventilation slot.

[0031] The toner box is fitted around the outer perimeter of the outer shell, and the magnetic cotton inside the collection chamber adsorbs the toner to prevent it from scattering. The snap-fit ​​structure between the connecting feet and the slot allows the toner box to be detached and installed. When disassembling, the return spring pushes the cover plate to close the connecting slot, preventing toner leakage. This solves the engine wear and safety hazards caused by toner dispersion.

[0032] In the detection circuit, the electrode sensor detects the resistance change caused by toner accumulation. After being processed by the signal amplifier and A / D converter, the signal is transmitted to the storage and computing chip. The toner quantity is calculated by comparing the signal with the initial and full-load resistance values. Based on the data, the microcontroller controls the magnetic column to intermittently switch on and off through the gap conduction circuit, driving the toner discharge blade to operate as needed. At the same time, the toner status is displayed through LEDs and the load and fed back to the vehicle's infotainment system, realizing real-time monitoring and alarm prompts for toner quantity, thus solving the problem of toner accumulation caused by lack of status feedback. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the outer shell and powder box structure of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the commutator structure and installation of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the outer shell and powder box of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is an enlarged view of the structure at point A of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is an enlarged view of the structure at point B of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the clutch structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the detection circuit of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 This is the power supply circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 This is the circuit diagram of the microcontroller U1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a diagram of the gap conduction circuit of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of the steps of the present invention;

[0045] Label annotations: 1-Housing, 2-Shaft, 3-Mounting bracket, 4-Mounting groove, 5-Inner shell, 6-Outer shell, 7-Powder discharge blade, 8-First ventilation groove, 9-Powder box, 10-Discharge chamber, 11-Spiral channel, 12-Second ventilation groove, 13-Box body, 14-Collection chamber, 15-Magnetic cotton, 16-Connecting groove, 17-Connecting foot, 18-Snap-fit ​​buckle, 19-Snap-fit ​​groove, 20-Mounting chamber, 21-Cover plate, 22-Limiting block, 23-Mounting column, 24-Reset spring, 25-Motor control box, 26-Cavity, 27-Plug-in end, 28-Inner shaft, 29-Outer shaft, 30-Control circuit board, 31-Clutch housing, 32-Magnetic column, 33-Magnetic block, 34-Annular embedded groove, 35-Abutting spring, 36-Commutator, 37-Carbon brush, 38-Air duct. Detailed Implementation

[0046] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0047] Traditional DC motor brush holder structures, while improving the problem of motor breakdown due to toner buildup through structural design and attempting to remove toner via air ducts, still have significant limitations. Specifically, they cannot centrally process toner, resulting in most of the graphite-based toner still dispersing into the engine after discharge. Toner particles are hard and abrasive; once they enter friction points such as pistons, cylinder walls, and bearings, they severely damage the lubricating oil film, leading to abnormal wear and shortening engine life. Even worse, if this dispersed toner comes into contact with electrical sparks, high-temperature components, or sparks generated by mechanical friction inside the engine, it can easily cause safety hazards. Furthermore, although existing technologies incorporate air ducts, they lack effective toner removal power; only a small amount of toner can be discharged through the ducts, while a large amount remains accumulated in the mounting slots of the brush holder, causing powder buildup inside the motor. This indicates that existing technologies still have considerable room for improvement in toner management.

[0048] After a car fan motor has been running for a long time, carbon dust generated by the friction between the carbon brushes and the commutator will continue to accumulate. If this carbon dust cannot be effectively collected and treated, it will spread with the airflow to various precision components of the engine, causing a decline in engine performance and even causing malfunctions. If the above problems are not solved, it will not only increase the maintenance cost of the car, but may also bring safety risks due to engine failure.

[0049] In response to this, this application proposes an automotive fan motor designed to address the problems of inefficient toner handling, insufficient exhaust power, and the resulting engine pollution and safety hazards in existing technologies. This application achieves active toner discharge and centralized collection by introducing structures such as toner discharge blades 7, a first ventilation slot 8, an air duct 38, and a toner box 9, thereby significantly improving the operational reliability and service life of the automotive fan motor.

[0050] This embodiment discloses an automotive fan motor, see [link]. Figure 1 It mainly includes a rotating shaft 2, a mounting bracket 3, a toner discharge blade 7, a first ventilation slot 8, an air duct 38, and a toner box 9. The rotating shaft 2 is the core component for the motor rotation, responsible for driving the toner discharge blade 7 to rotate. The mounting bracket 3 is a structure used to support and fix the carbon brush. It is provided with a mounting slot 4 to accommodate the carbon brush. The toner discharge blade 7 is linked to the rotating shaft 2. Its function is to generate airflow when rotating, and discharge the toner from the mounting slot 4. The first ventilation slot 8 is used to introduce external air into the toner discharge blade 7 to form an effective airflow. The air duct 38 is used to guide the toner from the mounting slot 4 to the toner box 9. One end of the air duct 38 is connected to the mounting slot 4, and the other end of the air duct 38 is connected to the toner box 9 for collecting the discharged toner.

[0051] Specifically, the rotating shaft 2 is the core rotating component inside the motor, made of high-strength metal material to ensure stability and durability under high-speed rotation.

[0052] Mounting bracket 3 is a key component that supports carbon brushes. It has mounting slots 4, the shape and size of which can be customized according to the type of carbon brush used to ensure that the carbon brush can be securely installed and maintain good contact with the commutator.

[0053] The powder discharge blade 7 is linked to the rotating shaft 2, which means that when the rotating shaft 2 rotates, the powder discharge blade 7 will also rotate. The design of the powder discharge blade 7 can be varied. Its main purpose is to generate directional airflow when rotating. The number, angle and shape of the blades can be optimized according to the required powder discharge efficiency and airflow intensity. The powder discharge blade 7 is made of lightweight and wear-resistant materials to reduce rotational inertia and wear.

[0054] The first ventilation slot 8 is a channel for introducing external air. Its location and size are carefully designed to ensure that sufficient air can be introduced into the working area of ​​the dust removal blades 7. The first ventilation slot 8 can be one or more openings, and its shape can be circular, square, or slit-shaped. In some embodiments, the first ventilation slot 8 can be integrated with the motor housing to simplify the structure and improve airtightness.

[0055] The air duct 38 is a channel connecting the mounting slot 4 and the toner cartridge 9, used to guide the flow of toner. The cross-sectional shape of the air duct 38 can be circular, square, or irregular, and its inner wall can be designed to be smooth or have a spiral structure to reduce toner adhesion and promote its flow. The length and curvature of the air duct 38 should be optimized according to the overall layout of the motor to ensure that the toner can be smoothly delivered to the toner cartridge 9.

[0056] The toner cartridge 9 is a container for collecting toner and is connected to the other end of the air duct 38. The toner cartridge 9 can be designed as a removable structure for easy regular cleaning and maintenance. The toner cartridge 9 is typically made of plastic or metal, and may contain a filter or magnetic material inside to further improve toner collection efficiency.

[0057] The automotive fan motor of this application, through active toner removal and centralized collection, significantly outperforms existing passive toner removal and carbon powder dispersion solutions. In existing technologies, insufficient toner removal power leads to a large accumulation of toner in the mounting slot, with some toner drifting into the engine, causing wear and safety hazards. This application, however, utilizes the active rotation of the toner removal blades 7, combined with external air introduced through the first ventilation slot 8, to generate a powerful directional airflow. This airflow efficiently blows the toner in the mounting slot 4 into the air duct 38, which then precisely guides the toner to the toner box 9 for centralized collection, thus completely solving the problems of toner accumulation and dispersion. This active toner removal and centralized collection mechanism not only improves the efficiency of toner handling but also fundamentally eliminates the potential harm of toner to the engine, significantly enhancing the reliability and safety of the automotive fan motor and even the entire automotive system.

[0058] When using the automotive fan motor of this application, as the motor runs, the carbon dust generated by the friction between the carbon brushes and the commutator gradually accumulates in the mounting groove 4 of the mounting bracket 3. At this time, the rotating shaft 2 drives the dust removal blades 7 to rotate. Due to the presence of the first ventilation groove 8, external air is introduced into the working area of ​​the dust removal blades 7, forming a directional airflow. This airflow directly acts on the carbon dust in the mounting groove 4, causing the carbon dust to flow along the air ducts 38 on both sides of the mounting bracket 3. The air ducts 38 guide this carbon dust to the toner box 9, achieving centralized collection of carbon dust. The cooperation between the dust removal blades 7 and the first ventilation groove 8 provides active power for the discharge of carbon dust, effectively solving the problem of insufficient power in traditional passive dust removal, ensuring that carbon dust can efficiently enter the air ducts 38. The air ducts 38 and the toner box 9 form a directional channel, avoiding the accumulation of carbon dust inside the motor. The detachable design of the toner box 9 facilitates the periodic cleaning of the collected carbon dust, thereby preventing carbon dust from drifting to the outside of the motor or inside the engine, eliminating insulation failure and safety hazards caused by carbon dust accumulation. In this way, the automotive fan motor of this application can effectively manage carbon powder, ensure long-term stable operation of the motor, and extend the service life of the engine.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, the automotive fan motor discharges carbon powder generated by carbon brush wear through the dust discharge blades 7. This application further proposes an optimization scheme by designing the rotating shaft 2 as an inner shaft 28 and an outer shaft 29 that can be selectively connected for transmission, and introducing a control circuit board 30 to control the engagement or disengagement of the clutch structure, so that the rotation of the dust discharge blades 7 can be independently controlled when needed, thereby improving the dust discharge efficiency and reducing the load on the fan motor.

[0060] Specifically, the rotating shaft 2 is designed to include an inner shaft 28 and an outer shaft 29. The inner shaft 28 is connected to the powder discharge blades 7, while the outer shaft 29 is connected to the drive unit of the motor body. The inner shaft 28 and outer shaft 29 are selectively connected via a clutch structure. The clutch structure is a mechanical device capable of engaging or disengaging power transmission as needed; here, it is used to control the power transmission between the inner shaft 28 and outer shaft 29. Furthermore, a control circuit board 30 is included. This control circuit board 30 is configured to receive control signals and control the engagement or disengagement of the clutch structure according to preset logic. The control circuit board 30 can issue commands to engage the clutch structure, thereby driving the powder discharge blades 7 to rotate for powder discharge; when powder discharge is complete or when it is no longer necessary, the clutch structure is disengaged to reduce unnecessary energy consumption.

[0061] The solution proposed in this application introduces a selectively driveable rotating shaft 2 and a control circuit board 30, so that the rotation of the powder discharge blades 7 no longer depends entirely on the rotation of the motor main shaft. When the motor is at low speed or stopped, but powder discharge is still required, the control circuit board 30 can independently control the engagement of the clutch structure, thereby driving the powder discharge blades 7 to rotate and discharge the accumulated toner. This design effectively solves the problem of low powder discharge efficiency of the powder discharge blades 7 when the motor is at low speed or stopped in traditional solutions, and avoids excessive accumulation of toner inside the motor.

[0062] Through the above technical solution, this application can flexibly control the operation of the dust removal blades 7 according to actual needs, significantly improving the dust removal efficiency of the automotive fan motor under various operating conditions and effectively preventing the impact of carbon powder accumulation on motor performance and lifespan. This ability to independently control the dust removal blades 7 makes motor maintenance more convenient, extends the motor's service life, and improves the overall operational reliability.

[0063] In some preferred embodiments, the control circuit board 30 can be integrated into the motor control unit. It receives signals from the vehicle's ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to determine whether a dust removal operation is needed. When the vehicle is idling for an extended period or operating under specific conditions, the ECU can send a command to the control circuit board 30 to engage the clutch mechanism, driving the dust removal blades 7 to perform periodic dust removal. The clutch mechanism can be an electromagnetic clutch or a mechanical clutch. The electromagnetic clutch controls the magnetic attraction or release by controlling the flow of current, thereby engaging or disengaging the inner shaft 28 and the outer shaft 29. When the electromagnetic clutch is energized, it generates magnetic force that engages the inner shaft 28 and the outer shaft 29, causing the dust removal blades 7 to rotate with the outer shaft 29. When the power is off, the magnetic force disappears, the inner shaft 28 and the outer shaft 29 separate, and the dust removal blades 7 stop rotating.

[0064] In some embodiments of this application, although the clutch structure enables selective transmission connection between the inner shaft 28 and the outer shaft 29, thereby improving the working flexibility of the automotive fan motor to a certain extent, in practical applications, when the clutch structure is in the disengaged state, if there is no effective reset mechanism, the clutch components may not be able to return to the initial position in a timely and accurate manner, which may affect the reliability and response speed of the next engagement, and may even cause wear or noise due to unexpected contact of the components. In order to solve the above problems, this application further proposes a scheme to optimize the clutch structure. The clutch structure includes a magnetic column 32 disposed on the outer shaft 29, a magnetic block 33 disposed on the inner shaft 28, an annular inner groove 34 provided on the inner shaft 28 for the magnetic block 33 to move, and an abutment spring 35 disposed in the annular inner groove 34. The abutment spring 35 is used to push the magnetic block 33 to be misaligned and separated from the magnetic column 32 when the magnetic column 32 is not energized.

[0065] The magnetic column 32 is a columnar structure capable of generating magnetic force. It typically uses an energized coil to generate electromagnetic force, thereby attracting or repelling the magnetic block 33. The magnetic block 33 is a block-shaped structure that is magnetic or can be magnetized, and it can move under the action of the magnetic column 32. The annular groove 34 is an annular recess on the inner shaft 28. Its main function is to provide a defined space for the magnetic block 33 to move, ensuring that the magnetic block 33 can reciprocate along a preset path and preventing it from deviating axially or radially. The abutment spring 35 is an elastic element that is pre-compressed and installed in the annular groove 34. One end of the spring abuts against the magnetic block 33, and the other end abuts against the inner wall of the annular groove 34 or a fixed structure.

[0066] The solution proposed in this application effectively solves the problem of untimely or inaccurate reset of the clutch structure in the disengaged state by introducing a retaining spring 35. Specifically, when the control circuit board 30 controls the clutch structure to disengage, the magnetic column 32 stops being energized, and the magnetic force it generates disappears. At this time, under the action of its own preload, the retaining spring 35 will immediately push the magnetic block 33 to move away from the magnetic column 32 along the annular groove 34 until the magnetic block 33 and the magnetic column 32 are completely misaligned and separated. This ensures that the clutch component can quickly and reliably return to the disengaged state, providing a stable foundation for the next engagement operation. The presence of the retaining spring 35 also avoids unexpected contact that may occur during the disengagement process of the clutch component, thereby reducing wear and noise.

[0067] Through the above technical solution, the automotive fan motor of this application can ensure that the magnetic block 33 quickly and reliably separates from the magnetic column 32 under the action of the abutment spring 35 when the clutch structure is disengaged, thereby avoiding potential problems caused by untimely or inaccurate reset of the clutch components. This design not only improves the response speed and reliability of the clutch structure, but also extends the service life of the components, reduces the failure rate, and thus improves the overall working stability and durability of the automotive fan motor.

[0068] In one specific implementation, in the clutch structure, the magnetic column 32 can be designed as an electromagnet. When the control circuit board 30 issues an engagement command, the electromagnet is energized to generate magnetic force, attracting the magnetic block 33 to move closer, thereby achieving the engagement transmission between the inner shaft 28 and the outer shaft 29. When separation is required, the control circuit board 30 cuts off the power to the electromagnet, the magnetic force disappears, and the abutment spring 35 then acts, pushing the magnetic block 33 back to its initial position, causing it to separate from the magnetic column 32. The abutment spring 35 can be a helical compression spring, which has good elasticity and reset performance, and can work stably for a long time. The depth and width of the annular inner groove 34 are precisely designed to ensure that the magnetic block 33 can move smoothly within it while limiting its unnecessary wobbling. In addition, the material of the magnetic block 33 can be a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability to enhance its response to the magnetic field of the magnetic column 32.

[0069] In the above embodiments of this application, the automotive fan motor includes a mounting bracket 3 and a rotating shaft 2. The mounting bracket 3 is provided with a mounting groove 4 for accommodating carbon brushes. The rotating shaft 2 is linked with the dust removal blades 7. By rotating the dust removal blades 7, carbon powder generated by carbon brush wear can be discharged, preventing carbon powder accumulation from affecting motor performance. However, if the motor lacks the necessary protective structure, the mounting bracket 3 and the rotating shaft 2 are easily corroded and damaged by the external environment, and the dust box 9 may also be damaged due to external impact, affecting its function of collecting carbon powder. This application proposes an improvement scheme by adding a housing 1 to protect the internal components. Specifically, the housing 1 includes an inner shell 5 and an outer shell 6. The mounting bracket 3 and the rotating shaft 2 are disposed inside the inner shell 5, and the dust box 9 is disposed outside the inner shell 5. The air duct 38 penetrates through the inner shell 5, thereby providing more comprehensive protection for the automotive fan motor.

[0070] The housing 1 refers to the external structure used to protect the internal components of the automotive fan motor. It can be made of materials with sufficient strength, such as metal, plastic or composite materials, to resist external impact and environmental corrosion. The inner housing 5 and the outer housing 6 together constitute the housing 1. The inner housing 5 is mainly used to house and fix the core components of the motor, such as the mounting bracket 3 and the shaft 2, while the outer housing 6 provides additional protection and may have functions such as heat dissipation and aesthetics. The air duct 38 runs through the inner housing 5, ensuring that the toner can be smoothly discharged from the mounting slot 4 and enter the toner box 9, while preventing the toner from spreading inside the inner housing 5.

[0071] In this application, the housing 1 provides a physical barrier to the internal components of the automotive fan motor, effectively reducing the impact of external factors on motor performance. The inner housing 5 provides a relatively enclosed and stable working environment for the mounting bracket 3 and the shaft 2, preventing them from being directly exposed to harsh external environments, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion and mechanical damage. The toner box 9 is located outside the inner housing 5, facilitating disassembly and maintenance. Furthermore, the outer housing 6 protects it from damage caused by accidental impacts. The design of the air duct 38 penetrating the inner housing 5 ensures unobstructed toner discharge, preventing toner accumulation inside the motor and affecting heat dissipation and insulation performance.

[0072] The above technical solutions can significantly improve the reliability and service life of automotive fan motors. The protective function of housing 1 reduces the probability of motor failure due to external factors, reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement, and thus reduces operating costs. The structural design of inner housing 5 and outer housing 6 makes the motor more adaptable to the environment and can operate stably under a wider range of working conditions. The optimized design of air duct 38 ensures dust removal efficiency and further improves the overall performance of the motor.

[0073] Based on the above-described embodiments of this application, in order to further improve the dust collection efficiency, this application provides an optimized automotive fan motor solution. This solution enhances the dust settling effect by adding an exhaust chamber 10 at the end of the air duct 38 and setting a spiral channel 11 inside the exhaust chamber 10.

[0074] Among them, the discharge chamber 10 refers to a relatively independent spatial structure, whose main function is to receive the airflow discharged from the air duct 38 and provide a place for dust in the airflow to settle and separate. The spiral channel 11 refers to a channel structure with a spiral shape constructed inside the discharge chamber 10. The spiral channel 11 can guide the airflow to form a rotating airflow inside the discharge chamber 10, and use the centrifugal force to separate the dust from the airflow.

[0075] Specifically, automotive fan motors generate a large amount of dust during operation, primarily from carbon brush wear. If this dust cannot be effectively discharged in a timely manner, it will accumulate inside the motor, affecting its heat dissipation performance and potentially causing short circuits or damage. To address this issue, this application provides a mounting slot 4 on the mounting bracket 3, connecting the mounting slot 4 to the dust box 9 via an air duct 38. The airflow generated by the dust discharge blades 7 draws the dust into the dust box 9. However, in practical applications, relying solely on airflow does not result in high dust collection efficiency; a large amount of dust is discharged with the airflow and cannot effectively settle in the dust box 9. This application enhances the dust settling effect by adding a discharge chamber 10 at the end of the air duct 38 and providing a spiral channel 11 inside the discharge chamber 10. When the airflow enters the discharge chamber 10 from the air duct 38, the spiral channel 11 guides the airflow to form a rotating airflow inside the discharge chamber 10. Due to the centrifugal force, the dust in the airflow is thrown against the wall of the discharge chamber 10, thus separating from the airflow and settling down, eventually entering the powder box 9.

[0076] The above technical solutions can effectively improve dust collection efficiency, reduce the impact of dust on the motor, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the motor. The design of the spiral channel 11 allows the dust to settle fully in the discharge chamber 10, preventing the dust from being discharged with the airflow, thus reducing environmental pollution.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the automotive fan motor transports dust from the mounting slot 4 to the dust box 9 via the air duct 38 for collection and cleaning. However, in practical applications, relying solely on the air duct 38 for dust transport may be inefficient, especially when the amount of dust is large or the motor operating environment is harsh, which can easily lead to dust accumulation or blockage, affecting the motor's heat dissipation and performance. To address this, this application adds an exhaust chamber 10 between the air duct 38 and the dust box 9, and provides a spiral channel 11 within the exhaust chamber 10. A second ventilation slot 12 is also added to introduce external air, creating a stronger airflow and improving dust discharge efficiency.

[0078] The second ventilation slot 12 refers to a channel opened on the discharge chamber 10 that communicates with the outside air. Its function is to introduce additional airflow into the discharge chamber 10, enhance the airflow circulation within the discharge chamber 10, and thus more effectively transport dust to the dust box 9. The spiral channel 11 refers to a spiral channel structure set inside the discharge chamber 10. The spiral channel 11 can guide the airflow to rotate and flow within the discharge chamber 10, forming centrifugal force, which promotes the separation of dust and airflow, and improves the dust collection efficiency. As a preferred embodiment, the second ventilation slot 12 can be set on the side wall of the discharge chamber 10 and face outwards from the motor to facilitate the direct introduction of outside air. The spiral channel 11 can be realized by setting a spiral baffle or guide vane inside the discharge chamber 10. Its pitch and channel width can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve the best dust separation effect.

[0079] The solution of this application, through the setting of the second ventilation slot 12, can introduce additional airflow into the discharge chamber 10, enhance the airflow circulation in the discharge chamber 10, prevent dust from accumulating in the discharge chamber 10, and thus improve the dust discharge efficiency. The design of the spiral channel 11 can guide the airflow to rotate and flow in the discharge chamber 10, forming centrifugal force, which promotes the separation of dust and airflow, further improving the dust collection efficiency. Due to the introduction of the second ventilation slot 12, the airflow in the discharge chamber 10 is more stable and powerful, thereby ensuring that the dust can be smoothly transported to the powder box 9 and avoiding the occurrence of blockage.

[0080] The above technical solution can effectively improve the dust discharge efficiency of the automotive fan motor, reduce the accumulation of dust inside the motor, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance and service life of the motor. Due to the design of the spiral channel 11, the dust can be better separated from the airflow in the discharge chamber 10, further improving the dust collection efficiency and reducing the pollution of other components inside the motor by dust.

[0081] In the above embodiments of this application, the connection between the toner cartridge 9 and the air duct 38 may not be convenient enough, and users may encounter difficulties when cleaning or replacing the toner cartridge 9. In this regard, this application proposes an improved toner cartridge 9 structure, which realizes the detachable connection of the toner cartridge 9 by setting the connecting groove 16, the discharge cavity 10 and the connecting foot 17, thereby improving the convenience of use.

[0082] The connecting groove 16 is located on the housing 13 to accommodate the connecting foot 17 of the discharge chamber 10. The discharge chamber 10 is connected to the air duct 38, and its end is provided with the connecting foot 17. The connecting foot 17 is provided with a snap-fit ​​buckle 18, and the connecting groove 16 is provided with a slot 19 that cooperates with the snap-fit ​​buckle 18. The connecting foot 17 is fixedly connected to the connecting groove 16 through the cooperation of the snap-fit ​​buckle 18 and the slot 19. The connecting foot 17 can be detachably inserted into the connecting groove 16, which is convenient for users to disassemble and replace the toner cartridge 9.

[0083] Specifically, the snap fastener 18 can adopt an elastic snap fastener structure, and the slot 19 is designed as a groove that matches the snap fastener 18. When the connecting foot 17 is inserted into the connecting slot 16, the snap fastener 18 will deform. Once fully inserted, the snap fastener 18 will return to its original shape and snap into the slot 19, thereby achieving fixation. When disassembling, only a certain external force needs to be applied to make the snap fastener 18 disengage from the slot 19.

[0084] The solution of this application provides a connecting groove 16 on the toner cartridge 9 and a connecting foot 17 and a snap fastener 18 at the end of the discharge chamber 10, which enables quick disassembly and installation between the toner cartridge 9 and the air duct 38. When users need to clean or replace the toner cartridge 9, they do not need to use tools and can complete the task with simple operation, which greatly improves the convenience of use.

[0085] The above technical solution enables quick disassembly and installation of the toner cartridge 9, facilitating cleaning and maintenance for users and improving the user experience of the automotive fan motor. Compared with the traditional fixed connection method, the solution of this application is more flexible and convenient, and can effectively solve the problem of difficult disassembly of the toner cartridge 9.

[0086] Based on the above-described embodiments of this application, in order to facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the powder box 9, this application provides a powder box 9 design with a detachable connection structure. Specifically, a mounting cavity 20 is provided in the connecting groove 16, and a cover plate 21 for sealing the connecting groove 16 and a reset spring 24 for driving the cover plate 21 to reset are provided in the mounting cavity 20; when the connecting foot 17 is inserted into the connecting groove 16, it pushes the cover plate 21 to open the connecting groove 16.

[0087] The connecting groove 16 is a recessed structure on the box body 13, used to accommodate and fix the connecting foot 17 of the discharge cavity 10, so as to connect the powder box 9 with the air duct 38. The mounting cavity 20 is a cavity inside the connecting groove 16, used to accommodate the cover plate 21 and the return spring 24, and to provide space for the movement of the cover plate 21. The cover plate 21 is used to close the connecting groove 16 when the connecting foot 17 is not inserted, to prevent dust or other debris from entering the powder box 9. The return spring 24 is used to push the cover plate 21 to return to its original position and re-close the connecting groove 16 after the connecting foot 17 is removed. The connecting foot 17 is a structure extending from the end of the discharge cavity 10, used to insert into the connecting groove 16 to connect the discharge cavity 10 with the powder box 9.

[0088] Specifically, when installing the toner cartridge 9, the operator aligns the connecting foot 17 of the discharge chamber 10 with the connecting groove 16 on the cartridge body 13, and then inserts the connecting foot 17 into the connecting groove 16. During the insertion of the connecting foot 17, its end pushes the cover plate 21 in the mounting cavity 20, causing the cover plate 21 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 24 and move into the mounting cavity 20, thereby opening the connecting groove 16 and providing space for the connecting foot 17 to enter. When the connecting foot 17 is fully inserted into the connecting groove 16, the snap fastener 18 and the slot 19 cooperate to achieve a fixed connection between the toner cartridge 9 and the discharge chamber 10. When disassembling the toner cartridge 9, the operator only needs to overcome the snapping force of the snap fastener 18 and pull the connecting foot 17 out of the connecting groove 16. Since the connecting foot 17 no longer exerts a pushing force on the cover plate 21, the return spring 24 pushes the cover plate 21 to return to its original position, closing the connecting groove 16 and preventing dust or other debris from entering the interior of the toner cartridge 9.

[0089] The solution of this application achieves detachable connection of the toner box 9 by setting a cover plate 21 with a return spring 24 in the connecting groove 16, and can automatically close the connecting groove 16 after the toner box 9 is disassembled, effectively preventing dust or other debris from entering the interior of the toner box 9, ensuring the cleanliness of the interior of the automotive fan motor, and improving its service life and reliability.

[0090] The toner cartridge 9 is a key component in automotive fan motors used to collect carbon powder generated after carbon brush wear. In order to improve the collection efficiency of carbon powder, this application sets a collection chamber 14 inside the toner cartridge 9 and sets a magnetic cotton 15 inside the collection chamber 14. By utilizing the magnetic adsorption capacity of the magnetic cotton 15, the carbon powder is more effectively adsorbed and fixed, preventing the carbon powder from diffusing back into the motor, thereby improving the overall performance and life of the motor.

[0091] The collection chamber 14 refers to a specific area inside the toner cartridge 9, which is designed to collect toner in a concentrated manner. The shape and size of the collection chamber 14 can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve the best toner collection effect.

[0092] Magnetic cotton 15 is a porous material with magnetic properties, whose main function is to adsorb toner. Magnetic cotton 15 can be implemented in various ways, and its magnetic strength can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve the best toner adsorption effect. Magnetic cotton 15 has good air permeability to ensure that airflow can pass smoothly within the air duct 38, avoiding affecting the heat dissipation effect of the motor.

[0093] The solution of this application sets a collection cavity 14 inside the toner box 9 and sets a magnetic cotton 15 inside the collection cavity 14. The magnetic adsorption ability of the magnetic cotton 15 can effectively adsorb and fix the toner, preventing the toner from diffusing back into the motor. Since the toner is conductive, if the toner diffuses inside the motor, it may cause a short circuit or performance degradation. By using the magnetic cotton 15, the impact of toner on the motor can be effectively reduced, improving the reliability and lifespan of the motor.

[0094] The above technical solution can collect toner more effectively, reduce the impact of toner on the motor, improve the reliability and lifespan of the motor, and compared with ordinary toner boxes without magnetic cotton 15, the solution of this application can remove toner more thoroughly, ensure the cleanliness of the motor interior, and thus improve the overall performance of the motor.

[0095] As a specific implementation method, the toner box 9 can be designed to be detachable so that the magnetic cotton 15 can be replaced periodically. When the magnetic cotton 15 has absorbed a certain amount of toner, it can be removed and replaced with a new magnetic cotton 15 to ensure the toner collection effect. In order to further improve the toner collection efficiency, a filter screen can be set at the inlet of the collection chamber 14 to filter out larger impurities and prevent impurities from clogging the magnetic cotton 15.

[0096] In the above embodiments of this application, although the powder generated by carbon brush wear can be collected by setting the powder box 9, the specific installation position and method of the powder box 9 may affect the overall structural compactness and maintenance convenience of the motor.

[0097] In response, this application proposes an optimized automotive fan motor solution, wherein the motor control box 25 is provided with a plug-in terminal 27 and is located on one side of the toner cartridge 9. By integrating the motor control box 25 with the toner cartridge 9, not only is the space layout optimized, but the overall maintenance efficiency is also improved.

[0098] Specifically, the motor control box 25 refers to the electronic control unit used to control the operation of the automotive fan motor. It integrates various control and protection circuits, enabling precise control of motor speed, direction, and other functions. The connector 27 is the interface for connecting the motor control box 25 to an external power supply or control system. Through connector 27, the motor control box 25 can receive control signals and provide the necessary power to the motor. The toner cartridge 9 is used to collect the toner generated during motor operation, preventing toner from diffusing into the motor and affecting its performance and lifespan.

[0099] By placing the motor control box 25 on one side of the toner cartridge 9, the space around the motor can be effectively utilized, reducing the overall size of the motor. This layout also makes maintenance and replacement of the motor control box 25 more convenient; it can be operated simply by disassembling the toner cartridge 9 without disassembling other parts of the motor. Furthermore, placing the plug-in terminal 27 on the motor control box 25 facilitates the connection of external wiring, reduces wiring tangling and interference, and improves the reliability and safety of the motor.

[0100] The reason why the solution of this application can optimize the motor structure is that by integrating the motor control box 25 with the powder box 9, space is utilized efficiently. At the same time, the plug-in terminal 27 provided on the motor control box 25 makes the connection of external lines more convenient and reduces the risk of line failure. It is precisely because of this compact structure and convenient connection method that the automotive fan motor of this application has higher reliability and maintainability.

[0101] Through the above technical solution, the integrated design of motor control box 25 and toner box 9 is realized, which not only optimizes the overall structure of the motor, but also improves the maintenance convenience and reliability of the motor. Compared with the traditional motor layout, the solution of this application has the advantages of more compact structure, more convenient maintenance and higher reliability, which can meet the automotive requirements for high performance and high reliability of fan motors.

[0102] In one specific implementation, the motor control box 25 can be fixed to the outer wall of the toner box 9 by means of screws or clips, and the plug-in end 27 can be set on the side or top of the motor control box 25 to facilitate the connection of external lines. In order to ensure the heat dissipation performance of the motor control box 25, heat dissipation holes or heat dissipation fins can be provided on the outer wall of the toner box 9 to increase the contact area between the motor control box 25 and the external air and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0103] The control circuit for the automotive fan motor includes a detection circuit for detecting toner levels, a microcontroller U1, a gap conduction circuit for intermittently controlling the on / off state of the magnetic column, and a power supply circuit. The detection circuit includes an electrode sensor mounted on the side wall of the collection chamber. A resistor R1 is connected in series at the input of the electrode sensor, and a signal amplifier U4 is connected in series at the output of the electrode sensor. An A / D converter U5, which converts the voltage signal to a digital signal, is connected in parallel with the signal amplifier. A storage and calculation chip U2, which stores the initial and full-load resistance values, is connected in series at the output of the A / D converter. A capacitor C1 is connected in series at the output of the storage and calculation chip U2. The power supply circuit includes a voltage regulator chip U3. A Zener diode D3 is connected in series at the input terminal. Capacitors C4 and C5 are connected in parallel between Zener diode D3 and the voltage regulator chip. Zener diode D2 is connected in parallel at the input terminal of Zener diode D3. A capacitor C6 is connected in series with the voltage regulator chip U3. The control circuit consists of a detection circuit, a microcontroller U1, a gap conduction circuit, and a power supply circuit. In the detection circuit, a resistor R1 is connected in series with the electrode sensor on the sidewall of the collection cavity. The output terminal is connected to a signal amplifier U4. An A / D converter U5 is connected in parallel with the amplifier. Its output terminal is connected in series with a storage chip U2 that stores the initial and full-load resistance values, and capacitor C1. In the power supply circuit, Zener diode D3 is connected in series at the input terminal of the voltage regulator chip U3. A capacitor C6 is connected in parallel between D3 and the voltage regulator chip. Capacitors C4 and C5 are connected in series. A Zener diode D2 is connected in parallel to the input of diode D3. A voltage regulator chip U3 is connected in series with capacitor C6. When toner accumulates in the collection chamber, the electrode sensor detects a change in resistance. This signal is input through resistor R1, amplified by signal amplifier U4, and then converted into a digital signal by A / D converter U5. This signal is transmitted to the storage and processing chip U2, where it is compared with the pre-stored initial resistance value (no toner) and full-load resistance value (toner saturation) to calculate the current toner level. In the power supply circuit, Zener diodes D2 and D3 suppress input voltage fluctuations, capacitors C4 and C5 filter high-frequency interference, and the voltage regulator chip U3 outputs a stable voltage. After secondary filtering by capacitor C6, this voltage powers the control circuit. (Single-chip...) Based on the toner quantity data stored in the computing chip U2, Unit U1 controls the intermittent switching of the magnetic column through a gap conduction circuit. The detection circuit achieves precise monitoring of the toner quantity by measuring resistance changes, solving the problem of toner accumulation caused by traditional methods without monitoring. The signal amplifier and A / D converter improve the accuracy of the detection signal, and the computing chip performs threshold comparison, providing a basis for judgment in toner removal control. The power supply circuit uses multi-stage voltage regulation and filtering design to ensure stable operation of the detection circuit and control unit under fluctuating automotive voltage. The gap conduction circuit ensures that the magnetic column is energized only when the toner quantity reaches the threshold, driving the toner removal blades to operate, avoiding continuous energy consumption, achieving on-demand toner removal, and further reducing the risk of toner accumulation.

[0104] The microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the storage and processing chip U2. Resistors R2 and R3 are connected in series at the output of microcontroller U1. A capacitor C3 is connected in series with resistor R3, and an LED D1 is connected to the output of capacitor C3. A load K1 for displaying the toner level is also connected to the output of microcontroller U1, with a capacitor C2 connected in series between microcontroller U1 and load K1. This circuit for microcontroller U1 addresses the lack of real-time status feedback and display of toner level in the background technology. Microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the storage and processing chip U2, with resistors R2 and R3 connected in series at its output. A capacitor C3 is then connected in series with resistor R3 and an LED D1. The load K1 for displaying the toner level is also connected to the output, with a capacitor C2 connected in series between the two. The storage and processing chip U2 transmits the calculated toner level data to microcontroller U1, and microcontroller U1 controls the output signal based on the data; current flows through… After current limiting by resistors R2 and R3, the signal is filtered by capacitor C3, driving LED D1 to light up or flash, thus indicating the toner level. Simultaneously, the output signal from microcontroller U1 is filtered by capacitor C2 and transmitted to load K1, driving K1 to display the specific value. Resistors R2 and R3 limit the current to prevent excessive current from damaging LED D1 and load K1. Capacitors C3 and C2 filter high-frequency interference in the circuit, ensuring the stability of LED D1's indication and the accuracy of the value displayed by load K1. LED D1 directly reflects whether the toner level has reached the threshold (e.g., lit indicates full toner), while load K1 displays the specific toner level numerically. This solves the problem of not being able to obtain toner status in real time in traditional technologies, allowing users to understand and address toner accumulation promptly, further reducing safety hazards caused by excessive toner.

[0105] The gap conduction circuit includes a resistor R4 connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller U1. Resistor R4 is connected in series with a contactor KM electrically connected to a magnetic post. Contactor KM is connected in parallel with a time relay KT1, an intermediate relay KA, and a time relay KT2. A normally closed contact of the intermediate relay KA is located between contactor KM and resistor R4. A normally open contact of time relay KT1 and a normally closed contact of time relay KT2 are located between the intermediate relay and resistor R4. A normally closed contact of time relay KT2 is located between time relay KT2 and resistor R4. The output of contactor KM is connected to a resistor R... 5. A resistor R4 is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller U1. A contactor KM, which is electrically connected to the magnetic column, is connected in series with the contactor KM. Time relay KT1, intermediate relay KA, and time relay KT2 are connected in parallel with contactor KM. A normally closed contact of intermediate relay KA is provided between contactor KM and resistor R4. A normally open contact of time relay KT1 and a normally closed contact of time relay KT2 are provided between intermediate relay KM and resistor R4. A normally closed contact of time relay KT2 is provided between time relay KT2 and resistor R4. A resistor R5 is connected to the output terminal of contactor KM. The output signal of microcontroller U1 is current-limited by resistor R4 and then triggers the time relays. When the normally open contact of contactor KT1 closes, the normally closed contact of intermediate relay KA remains conductive, and current flows through the coil of contactor KM, causing it to engage. This energizes the magnetic column, generating magnetic force to drive the powder-exhausting blades. Simultaneously, time relay KT1 starts timing. After the set time is reached, its normally open contact opens, intermediate relay KA is de-energized, its normally closed contact opens, contactor KM coil is de-energized, the magnetic column is de-energized, and the powder-exhausting blades stop. Time relay KT2 starts timing when contactor KM engages. After the set interval is reached, its normally closed contact opens, cutting off the circuit of intermediate relay KA. It will re-enter the circuit after resetting. The circuit, through the contact logic coordination of time relays KT1 and KT2 and intermediate relay KA, realizes the intermittent switching of contactor KM, controls the periodic power supply of the magnetic column, and ensures that the toner removal blades only operate within a set time period, solving the energy consumption problem of continuous operation; resistors R4 and R5 limit the current of the control circuit and the magnetic column circuit respectively to avoid overload damage to components; the mechanical linkage of the contacts ensures precise switching timing, and by controlling the energization duration and interval of the magnetic column, balances toner removal efficiency and energy consumption, prevents ineffective energy consumption caused by continuous toner removal, and ensures timely toner removal to avoid accumulation.

[0106] Control methods for automotive fan motors:

[0107] S1, the toner cartridge is snapped into the housing, the motor starts, and the commutator and brushes generate toner;

[0108] S2, the powder blowing blades inside the outer shell are activated intermittently to blow the generated toner into the spiral channel and into the powder box, where the powder box collects the powder;

[0109] S3, the detection circuit on the side of the toner cartridge performs ADC sampling and resistance detection to calculate the toner threshold and feed it back to the vehicle's infotainment system;

[0110] S4: When the toner level reaches the threshold, the vehicle's infotainment system will issue an alarm, disassemble the toner cartridge to process the toner, and reset the toner threshold in the cartridge to zero.

[0111] The toner cartridge is installed in the housing via a snap-fit ​​mechanism. After the motor starts, the commutator and brushes rub against each other, generating toner. The snap-fit ​​mechanism ensures a sealed connection between the collection chamber and the discharge structure. During motor operation, the mechanical friction between the brushes and commutator naturally generates toner, providing initial conditions for the subsequent toner discharge process. Inside the housing, the blowing blades intermittently activate, generating directional airflow that blows the toner into the spiral channel, ultimately collecting it in the toner cartridge. A detection circuit on one side of the toner cartridge uses ADC sampling and resistance detection to calculate the toner threshold and feed it back to the vehicle's infotainment system. Toner accumulation inside the cartridge causes a change in the resistance of the electrode sensor, which is detected by the circuit. After the circuit converts the resistance signal into a digital signal, it compares it with a preset threshold to calculate the current toner level and transmits it to the vehicle's infotainment system via an electrical signal. When the toner level reaches the full threshold, the vehicle's infotainment system triggers an alarm. After the toner cartridge is removed and cleaned, the toner threshold is reset to zero. When the detection circuit determines that the toner level has reached the preset upper limit, the vehicle's infotainment system notifies the user via an alarm signal. After the toner cartridge is removed and the internal toner is cleaned, the system resets the threshold parameters to restore the initial detection state. The alarm prompts to prevent toner overflow, and the removal and cleaning prevent long-term toner accumulation from causing safety hazards. The threshold zeroing ensures the accuracy of the next detection cycle.

[0112] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A fan motor for an automobile, comprising a housing, a rotating shaft arranged in the housing, a mounting frame for mounting a commutator and carbon brushes, and a guide structure for guiding the carbon powder, characterized in that: The conduction structure includes air ducts arranged on both sides of the mounting frame and installation grooves for embedding installation of the commutator and the carbon brush, the shell includes an inner shell for installation of the rotating shaft and the mounting frame and an outer shell arranged on the outer periphery of the inner shell, the rotating shaft extends into the outer shell and is provided with a powder discharging blade on the side facing the mounting frame, the outer shell is provided with a first ventilation groove on the side of the powder discharging blade to facilitate the wind power generated by the powder discharging blade to blow the carbon powder into the air duct, the first ventilation groove is communicated with the installation groove, the outer shell is provided with a discharge structure on one side or both sides for discharging the carbon powder, the discharge structure is communicated with the air duct, the outer periphery of the shell is provided with a powder box for collecting the carbon powder, the powder box is detachably installed with the discharge structure, the discharge structure includes a discharge cavity arranged on one side or both sides of the outer shell, the discharge cavity is communicated with the air duct, the discharge cavity is provided with a spiral channel, the outer shell is provided with a second ventilation groove on the top of the discharge cavity, the end of the discharge cavity is communicated with and detachably connected with the powder box, the powder box includes a box body sleeved on the outer periphery of the outer shell, the box body is provided with a collection cavity for collecting the carbon powder, the collection cavity is provided with magnetic cotton for adsorbing the powder, the upper end of the box body is provided with a connecting groove connected with the discharge cavity, the end of the discharge cavity is provided with a connecting leg connected with the connecting groove, the connecting leg is provided with a clamping buckle, the inner wall of the connecting groove is provided with a clamping groove clamped with the clamping buckle, the discharge cavity and the collection cavity are communicated through the clamping of the connecting leg and the connecting groove, and the box body is provided with a sealing structure for closing and sealing after the box body is detached at the connecting position of the connecting leg and the connecting groove.

2. An automotive fan motor as set forth in claim 1 wherein: The sealing structure includes a mounting cavity arranged in the collection cavity and located at the connecting groove, the mounting cavity is provided with a cover plate capable of moving axially along the horizontal direction, the end of the cover plate is provided with a limiting block abutting against the inner wall of the mounting cavity for limiting, the mounting cavity is provided with a mounting column along the horizontal direction, the mounting column is sleeved with a reset spring, one end of the reset spring abuts against the inner wall of the mounting cavity and the other end abuts against the limiting block, and the reset spring facilitates the cover plate to keep the closed state when the connecting leg and the connecting groove are detached.

3. An automotive fan motor as set forth in claim 1 wherein: One side of the box body is provided with a motor control box, the motor control box includes a cavity for installation of a control circuit board, one side of the motor control box is provided with a plug-in end electrically connected with the car machine, the control circuit board is electrically connected with the plug-in end, the rotating shaft includes an inner shaft and an outer shaft, the powder discharging blade is connected with the inner shaft, the end of the inner shaft facing the powder discharging blade is provided with a clutch structure capable of being linked with the outer shaft, the control circuit board can control the clutch structure to control the linkage of the outer shaft and the inner shaft to facilitate the intermittent rotation of the powder discharging blade, and the control circuit board can also detect the amount of carbon powder in the box body and feed back to the car machine.

4. An automotive fan motor as set forth in claim 3 wherein: The clutch structure includes a clutch shell, the inner shaft and the outer shaft are rotatably arranged in the center of the clutch shell, the end of the outer shaft is provided with a plurality of magnetic force columns generating magnetic force after being electrified, the inner shaft is sleeved with a magnetic block, the inner shaft is provided with an annular embedded groove at the position of the magnetic block, the magnetic block can move axially in the annular embedded groove, and the embedded groove is sleeved with an abutting spring.

5. A control circuit for use in the electric motor of a fan for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The control circuit includes a detection circuit for detecting the amount of toner, a single-chip microcomputer U1, an intermittent control magnetic column on-off circuit, and a power supply circuit. The detection circuit includes an electrode sensor arranged on the side wall of the collection cavity. The electrode sensor input end is connected in series with a resistor R1. The electrode sensor output end is connected in series with a signal amplifier U4 for signal amplification. The signal amplifier is connected in parallel with an A / D converter U5 for converting a voltage signal into a digital signal. The A / D converter output is connected in series with a storage operation chip U2 for storing initial resistance values and full-load resistance values. The storage operation chip U2 output is connected in series with a capacitor C1. The power supply circuit includes a voltage stabilizing chip U3. The voltage stabilizing chip U3 input end is connected in series with a voltage stabilizing diode D3. The voltage stabilizing diode D3 and the voltage stabilizing chip are connected in parallel with a capacitor C4 and a capacitor C5. The voltage stabilizing diode D3 input end is connected in parallel with a voltage stabilizing diode D2. The voltage stabilizing chip U3 is connected in series with a capacitor C6.

6. A control circuit for an automotive fan motor as defined in claim 5, wherein: The single-chip microcomputer U1 is electrically connected with the storage operation chip U2. The single-chip microcomputer U1 output end is connected in series with a resistor R2 and a resistor R3. The resistor R3 is connected in series with a capacitor C3. The capacitor C3 output end is connected with a light-emitting diode D1. The single-chip microcomputer U1 output end is also connected with a load K1 for displaying numerical values. The single-chip microcomputer U1 and the load K1 are connected in series with a capacitor C2.

7. A control circuit for an automotive fan motor as defined in claim 5, wherein: The intermittent control magnetic column on-off circuit includes a resistor R4 connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1 output end. The resistor R4 is connected in series with a contactor KM electrically connected with a magnetic column. The contactor KM is connected in parallel with a time relay KT1, an intermediate relay KA, and a time relay KT2. The contactor KM and the resistor R4 are provided with a normally closed contact of the intermediate relay KA. The intermediate relay and the resistor R4 are provided with a normally open contact of the time relay KT1 and a normally closed contact of the time relay KT2. The time relay KT2 and the resistor R4 are provided with a normally closed contact of the time relay KT2. The contactor KM output is connected with a resistor R5.

8. A control method applied to the automobile fan motor of any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: S1, the powder box is clamped and installed on the shell, the motor is started, and the commutator and the brush generate toner; S2, the powder blowing blades in the shell are intermittently started to blow the generated toner into the spiral channel into the powder box for powder collection; S3, the detection circuit on one side of the powder box performs ADC sampling and resistance detection to calculate the toner threshold value and feeds back to the vehicle machine; S4, when the toner threshold value is reached, the vehicle machine alarms, the powder box is disassembled, the toner is treated, and the toner threshold value in the powder box is re-zeroed.

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